A Tale on Oysters, Hatcheries, Pathogens and Probiotics
Juan L. BARJA & Susana PRADO
Departamento de Microbiología CIBUS-Facultad de Biología / Instituto de Acuicultura Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
Grupo de Referencia Competitivo GALICIA
Bangor Bivalve aquaculture in Galicia
Ría de Muros-Noia • Exceptional environment
Ría de Arousa Ría de Pontevedra “Rías” Ría de Vigo Quality of seawater (upwelling)
• Coast lenght (1.498 km )
• Important sector of the economy
Castro de Baroña I B.C. – I A.D.
Muralla Romana de Lugo (Roman Walls of Lugo) 3rd Century
“Concheiros” from “cuncha” = shell Accumulation of shells
Materials: pieces of oyster shells Native species Hatchery Natural recruitment Traditional species Ruditapes decussatus Mytilus galloprovincialis
Ostrea edulis Grooved carpet shell Blue mussel Venerupis corrugata Cerastoderma edule Pecten maximus Flat oyster
Pullet carpet shell Cockle Scallop New cultured species Solen marginatus Ensis magnus Introduced species
Razor clam Sword razor Ruditapes philippinarum Donax trunculus Manila clam Ensis siliqua Crassostrea gigas Pacific cupped oyster Common razor Wedge shell clam Ostrea edulis
Global production 1980-2014 (values > 100 Tn) Source: FAO - FishStat J (updated July 2016) Ostrea edulis
Overexploitation of natural populations
Natural beds exhausted
Importation
Problems of adaptation Low quality Introduction of pathogens Marteilia refringens Bonamia ostreae
Herpesvirus OsHV-1 Bateas floating rafts HATCHERY
BROODSTOCK Seawater
LARVAL Phytoplancton CULTURE SPAT Larval pathologies in bivalves
no host-specificity massive sudden mortalities
treatment
worldwide distribution non-pathogenic for humans Larval pathologies Bacteria Vibriosis
Opportunistic pathogens
CONTROL
Hatchery: a whole – interrelated compartiments Virus
Herpes OsHV-1 Improved protocols – microbiological quality Updated management practices
* Flat oyster: internal fertilization Chemotherapy Antibiotics in hatchery
Lack Legal of Toxicity Resistances High cost regulation effectiveness
Dose Seawater
Propagation Transfer Lost to to of environment human effectiveness pathogens New approaches: application of recent knowledge to the control of vibriosis in hatchery Natural infection flat oyster larvae Probiosis
Induced infection flat oyster larvae
Quorum quenching Thanks