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Indian Art & Culture UPSC Previous Year Questions

important but dissimilar school of Kushan b) a handmade drawing on bamboo handicrafts art at (Uttar Pradesh, ). in North-EastIndia  The are 30 c) a block-painted woollen cloth in Western (approximately) rock-cut Buddhist cave Himalayan region of India monuments which date from the 2nd d) a hand-painted decorative silk cloth in century BCE to about 480 CE North- in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state of India. 2. Key and Explanation The Ajanta Caves are generally agreed to have been made in two distinct periods, 1. KEY: B Caves of the first (Satavahana) period Explanation : The word ‘mural’ derived from the Caves of the later, or Vākāṭaka, period Latin word ‘murus’ which means wall. It can be  Pahari painting (literally meaning a painting defined as any piece of artwork painted or from the mountainous regions: pahar means applied directly onto a wall, ceiling or other a mountain in Hindi) is an umbrella term larger permanent surfaces, flat, concave or used for a form of , done mostly in miniature forms, originating from convex, to be precise Himalayan hill kingdoms of , Mural Paintings in India during 17th-19th century, notably Basohli,  India has a rich tradition of mural wealth. Mankot, Nurpur, Chamba, Kangra, Guler, M The treatises such as Vishnudharmottara, andi, and Garhwal. Silpashastra, Manasollasa, Shilparatna, Educational Objective : Different Periods Narada-shilpa-shastra and - and their unique characteristics. shilpa, discuss at length all aspects of painting, including murals. 2. Indian Paintings  The highest achievements of this time are 1. Consider the following historical places: the caves of Ajanta, Bagh, Sittanavasal, 1. Ajanta caves Armamalai Cave (Tamil Nadu), 2. Lepakshi RavanChhaya rock shelter, Kailasanatha 3. Sanchi temple in , Lepakshi Temple. Which of the above places is/ are also known Saanchi stupa for mural paintings?  Sanchi Stupa is a UNESCO world heritage a) Only (i) site since 1989. Sanchi is in Madhya b) (i) and (ii) Pradesh. c) All of these  There are many small here with three d) None of these mains ones – stupa 1, stupa 2 and stupa 3.

2. Kalamkari painting refers to Stupa 1 is also called the Great Stupa at a) a hand-painted cotton textile in Sanchi. It is the most prominent and the oldest and is believed to have the Buddha’s . www.laexias.co 14 https://elearn.laex.in https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains

Indian Art & Culture UPSC Previous Year Questions

built it in the 3rd century BCE.  The chhatra is an umbrella on top of the  Originally, it was smaller than its present harmika. There is a sandstone pillar in the dimensions. It was expanded in later site on which Ashoka’s Schism Edict is periods. inscribed.  The original brick dome was expanded into double its size during the reign of the Shunga dynasty with stone slabs covering the original dome. Educational objective: to know about famous site of India and their specification.

2. KEY: A Explanation : Kalamkari:  The original structure was made out of  Kalamkari is an ancient style of hand bricks. Later on, it was covered with painting done on cotton or silk fabric with a stone, vedica, and the (gateway). tamarind pen, using natural dyes. The word  There are four gateways to the stupa with Kalamkariis derived from a Persian word the southern one being built first. The others where ‘kalam‘means pen and ‘kari‘refers were later added. The gateways are adorned to craftsmanship. with beautiful and carvings. Each  There are two identifiable styles of Kalamkari torana consists of two vertical pillars and art in India – Srikalahasti style and three horizontal bars on top. The bars Machilipatnam style. contain exquisite carvings on front and back.  In the Machilipatnam style of Kalamkari, They contain images of shalbhanjikas – motifs are essentially printed with hand- lady holding the branch of a tree. Stories carved traditional blocks with intricate from the are carved here. detailing painted by hands.  The structure has a lower and  On the other hand, Srikalahasti style of upper pradakshinapatha or painting draws inspiration from the Hindu circumambulatory path. The upper mythology describing scenes from the epics pradakshinapatha is unique to this stupa. and folklore. This style holds a strong  On the southern side of the stupa, the religious connect because of its origin in the Ashokan Lion pillar is found with . inscriptions on it.  Karrupur is a style of Kalamkari that  The hemispherical dome of the stupa is developed in the Thanjavur region during called the anda. It contains the relics of the the Maratha rule. The Kalamkari work was Buddha. a further embellishment to the gold brocade  The harmika is a square railing on top of the work in the woven fabric, which was used as dome/mound. sarees & dhotis by the royal family during www.laexias.co 15 https://elearn.laex.in https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains

Indian Art & Culture UPSC Previous Year Questions

the period of Raja Sarfoji and later Raja Shivaji. 3. Key and Explanation  After independence of India, the Handicrafts 1. KEY: B Development Board took up the task of Explanation : reviving this art, which had dwindled due to  The Manganiar communities lives in the lack of buyers. desert of Rajasthan, (Barmer, Jaisalmer  The Government of India, under the district) and Sindh in Pakistan. Geographical Indications of Goods  They are known for their folk music. (Registration and Protection) Act 1999,  They are the groups of hereditary has issued GI tag to the Kalamkari industry professional musicians, whose music has in 2012 been supported by wealthy landlords and Educational objective: to know about aristocrats for generations famous handicraft. Educational objective: to know about famous 3. Indian Music native tribe and there culture

1. A community of people called 2. KEY: B Manganiyars is well - known for their Explanation : a) Martial arts in North-  The word Dhrupad is derived from Dhruva, b) Musical tradition in North-West India the steadfast evening star that moves c) Classical vocal music in South India through the galaxy, and Pada meaning d) Pietra dura tradition in poetry.  Traditionally, the dhrupad style of singing 2. With reference to Dhrupad, one of the was performed with major traditions of India that has been a tanpura and pakhawaj. kept alive for centuries, which of the  The lyrics sung in Dhrupad are in a medieval following statements are correct? form of Hindi and typically heroic in theme, 1. Dhrupad originated and developed in the or praise of a particular deity. Rajput kingdomsduring the Mughal period.  It is a form of devotional music that traces 2. Dhrupad is primarily a devotional and its origin to the ancient text of Samveda. spiritual music.  One significant characteristic of Dhrupad 3. Dhrupad Map uses Sanskrit syllables from is the emphasis on maintaining the mantras. purity of the Raga Select the correct answer using the codes Educational objective: to know about classical given below music style. a) (i)and (ii) b) (ii) and (iii) c) (i), (ii) and (iii) d) None of these www.laexias.co 16 https://elearn.laex.in https://t.me/UPSC_Prelims https://t.me/UPSC_Mains