Ashokan Inscriptions Occupy a Very Significant

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ashokan Inscriptions Occupy a Very Significant 04* 9? 86* rt T" •\ / Y. THEASHOKANli'" - ' -- Ss ■INSGRIBJIONS^ 1 * ■ »• • ■ I V* | * SHAHBA2GARHI IMANSEH J- - I KANDAHAR iC y KALSI 'TOPRA * ^ MEtRUi ■1NT- j •i. •: •. BAHAPUR '"^.iRAM PQR WA^'^'* rV" V/ •"•">' ALIS AR / < ,1. .. ' .*v- BAIRAT RU DEI LAURIY/^# . - ,«* J L. BHABRU NANDkrBA-NGARtH •LAURiYA ARAFWtr--r. ... .. / ; V UJ^RRA#-. • X rV"' * T' .« KAUSHAMpiA^A^ .r 9 * .yi.v' **'»' SAH/^RANl • , • ; AHRAURA#. .-4 .:KO •r »r* a rI OJJAYINI # SANCHI M I r Isr AGIRNAR (TV# : MYANMA SOPARA ARABIAN . •SHIStltlPALGARH ^ SEA '■ jaugadaV asannati *• KALI NG Ay BAY OF BENGAL . RAJULA : MANDAGIRI . : MASKI G AVI MATH UDEGOLAM PALK1GUNDU ■i NITTUR BRAHMAGIRI p™ UR JATINGA ? RAMESHWAR REFERENCES • « r ~ « £ % y. CHOLA A MAJOR ROCK EDICTS <A 8 V -J- . AN DAM A. ♦ _/{ SEA m. ■ MINOR ROCK EDICTS • PILLAR INSCRIPTIONS -u N D N O C E A -X- -l- Scanned with CamScanner .. ^ V V" /Vsliokau Inscriptions Ashokan inscriptions occupy a very significant place in the history of India. They ai;c very helpful in reconstructing the history of the Mauryan period. Undoubtedly, Ashoka was the first ruler in the history of India who spoke directly to his people through Scanned with CamScanner his inscriptions and got engraved his5 eddicts on stones. These inscriptions have been found on stones, polished stone pillars and the walls of the caves.. The inscriptions on rocks are called Rock Edicts and those, on pillars pillar Edicts. The inscriptions ■ of Ashoka have been found in India, Nepal, Pakistan ■ aiid Afghanistan. V T ■ v ; . The Ashokan inscriptions can be divided in the following categories; 1. The Rock Edicts Of Ashokan Rock Edicts the fourteen Rock Edicts are the most important. These Rock Edicts refer • ; to fourteen main policies or edicts regarding administration and religion, hence they are known as Fourteen Rock Edicts. The Fourteen Rock Edicts have . been found at Kandhar, Mansehra, Shahbazgarhi, Kalsi, Girnar, Sopara, Sannati, Shishupalgarh and Jaugada. 2. The Minor Rock Edicts The Minor Rock Edicts particularly refer to Ashoka's personal life, his deep 'devotion in Buddhism and essence of Dharma; The Minor Rock Edicts have been * * ' * . found at Bahapur, Bairat, Bhabm, Maski, Gavimath, Palkigundu, JatingRameshwar,. Udegolam, Rajula Mandagiri, Nittlir, Brahmagiri and Siddapur. v Scanned with CamScanner 3. The Pillar Inscriptions The Pillar Inscriptions particularly refer to Ashoka's measures for the propagation and spread of Dhamma. Of the Pillair Inscriptions, the Seven Pillar Inscriptions are particularly, popular. Probably, because of the inscription of seven edicts, they were known as Seven Pillar Inscriptions. However, it is worthy to hpte that all the seven edicts are found engraved only on Delhi- , Topara Pillar; the other Pillars have six or less than six edicts. The Pillar Inscriptions have been found at Topra, Meerut, Nigalisagar, Rummindei,Ram"purwa, Lauriya Nandangarh, LaUriya Araraj, Samath, Sasaram, Ahraura, Kaushambi, Gujarra and Sanchi. Significance r Undoubtedly, the Ashokan inscriptions or edicts (found in the form of Rock edicts, Pillar inscriptions and Gave inscriptions) occupy a very significant place in the history of India. They give us a complete picture of the conquests, administrative policies of; Emperor Ashoka and his measures for the spread of Dhamma as well.' Scanned with CamScanner They also throw light on the extent of Ashoka's empire and also on his relations with the neighbouring countries. The Rock Edicts and Pillar Inscriptions are admirable specimens of art as well. Scanned with CamScanner .
Recommended publications
  • Predictive Modelling for Archaeological Sites: Ashokan Edicts from the Indian Subcontinent
    GENERAL ARTICLES Predictive modelling for archaeological sites: Ashokan edicts from the Indian subcontinent Thomas W. Gillespie*, Monica L. Smith, Scott Barron, Kanika Kalra and Corey Rovzar This article focuses on the stone inscriptions ascribed to Ashoka, the 3rd century BC ruler of the Mauryan dynasty in ancient India. The locations of 29 known inscriptions and 8 environmental predictors at 1 km pixel resolution were entered into a species distribution model, that reliably pre- dicted the distribution of known Ashokan edicts (AUC score 0.934). Geologic substrate (33%), population density in AD 200 (21%), and slope (13%) explained majority of the variance in the Ashokan edict locations. We have identified 121 possible locations in the Indian subcontinent that conform to the same criteria where yet undiscovered inscriptions may be found. Keywords: Archaeology, edict locations, environmental metrics, species distribution models, stone inscriptions. TWO factors have combined that could increase the use of provide confirmation that people found the locations suit- modelling in archaeology: the availability of global land- able and worthy of investment. scape geographic information system (GIS) datasets, and The predictability of archaeological site location is the need to identify and protect sites in areas jeopardized by based on a variety of criteria, not all of which are imme- development and other human impacts. An important po- diately apparent. For example, our earliest ancestors hun- tential contributor to this process is species distribution dreds of thousands of years ago utilized caves as shelters modelling, which has been increasingly used across a va- prior to the development of built architecture, but not all riety of fields, including biogeography, ecology, conserva- known caves were occupied within a given region due to tion biology, and climate change science to identify metrics additional factors of selection, such as the preference for that define and predict species and ecosystems ranges1–4.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghfbooksouthasia.Pdf
    1000 BC 500 BC AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1500 AD 2000 TAXILA Pakistan SANCHI India AJANTA CAVES India PATAN DARBAR SQUARE Nepal SIGIRIYA Sri Lanka POLONNARUWA Sri Lanka NAKO TEMPLES India JAISALMER FORT India KONARAK SUN TEMPLE India HAMPI India THATTA Pakistan UCH MONUMENT COMPLEX Pakistan AGRA FORT India SOUTH ASIA INDIA AND THE OTHER COUNTRIES OF SOUTH ASIA — PAKISTAN, SRI LANKA, BANGLADESH, NEPAL, BHUTAN —HAVE WITNESSED SOME OF THE LONGEST CONTINUOUS CIVILIZATIONS ON THE PLANET. BY THE END OF THE FOURTH CENTURY BC, THE FIRST MAJOR CONSOLIDATED CIVILIZA- TION EMERGED IN INDIA LED BY THE MAURYAN EMPIRE WHICH NEARLY ENCOMPASSED THE ENTIRE SUBCONTINENT. LATER KINGDOMS OF CHERAS, CHOLAS AND PANDYAS SAW THE RISE OF THE FIRST URBAN CENTERS. THE GUPTA KINGDOM BEGAN THE RICH DEVELOPMENT OF BUILT HERITAGE AND THE FIRST MAJOR TEMPLES INCLUDING THE SACRED STUPA AT SANCHI AND EARLY TEMPLES AT LADH KHAN. UNTIL COLONIAL TIMES, ROYAL PATRONAGE OF THE HINDU CULTURE CONSTRUCTED HUNDREDS OF MAJOR MONUMENTS INCLUDING THE IMPRESSIVE ELLORA CAVES, THE KONARAK SUN TEMPLE, AND THE MAGNIFICENT CITY AND TEMPLES OF THE GHF-SUPPORTED HAMPI WORLD HERITAGE SITE. PAKISTAN SHARES IN THE RICH HISTORY OF THE REGION WITH A WEALTH OF CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AROUND ISLAM, INCLUDING ADVANCED MOSQUE ARCHITECTURE. GHF’S CONSER- VATION OF ASIF KHAN TOMB OF THE JAHANGIR COMPLEX IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN WILL HELP PRESERVE A STUNNING EXAMPLE OF THE GLORIOUS MOGHUL CIVILIZATION WHICH WAS ONCE CENTERED THERE. IN THE MORE REMOTE AREAS OF THE REGION, BHUTAN, SRI LANKA AND NEPAL EACH DEVELOPED A UNIQUE MONUMENTAL FORM OF WORSHIP FOR HINDUISM. THE MOST CHALLENGING ASPECT OF CONSERVATION IS THE PLETHORA OF HERITAGE SITES AND THE LACK OF RESOURCES TO COVER THE COSTS OF CONSERVATION.
    [Show full text]
  • The Edicts of King Ashoka
    THE EDICTS OF KING ASHOKA An English rendering by Ven. S. Dhammika THE EDICTS OF KING ASHOKA Table of Contents THE EDICTS OF KING ASHOKA........................................................................................................................1 An English rendering by Ven. S. Dhammika.................................................................................................1 PREFACE......................................................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................2 THE FOURTEEN ROCK EDICTS...............................................................................................................4 KALINGA ROCK EDICTS..........................................................................................................................8 MINOR ROCK EDICTS...............................................................................................................................9 THE SEVEN PILLAR EDICTS..................................................................................................................10 THE MINOR PILLAR EDICTS..................................................................................................................13 NOTES.........................................................................................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • DIRECTORY 2018-19 New .Cdr
    Directory2019 YJCCI DHARMA CHAKRA at Village Topra Kalan, Distt. Yamunanagar YAMUNANAGAR - JAGADHRI CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY Yamunanagar, Haryana, INDIA C/o. ORIENTAL ENGG. WORKS PVT. LTD., INDUSTRIAL AREA, YAMUNA NAGAR -135001 (HARYANA) Tel. : +91 1732-251750 • E-mail : [email protected], [email protected] • Web : www.yjcci.com Special Steel Components Corporation · AN ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 CERTIFIED COMPANY · Process Control Solutions & Turnkey Instrumentation Projects for Oil and Gas Refineries and Petrochemical Industries. World Class & Hightech Equipment, Safety Fittings, Valves / Gauges and Computerized System For Large LPG Storage & Bottling Plants. TM BSI OF MULTI ER LAT B ER M A E L M R E T C IAF N O E GN EM ACCREDITED ITION ARRANG INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM In Technical Collaboration With: MIDLAND ROCHESTER GAUGES MANUFACTURING CORPORATION INTERNATIONAL S.A. USA & EUROPE TOKYO KEISO CO., LTD. JAPAN USA METAL GOODS M A N U F O PRODUCTS A C T M U MGM LP-GAS EQUIPMENT R GI N G M EXCESS FLOW CHECK VALVES Engineered Controls COMPANY USA International, Inc. SCG (Thailand) Germany With Best Compliments From: NK Gupta, Vinod Gupta & Vishal Gupta M-9, Industrial Area, Yamunanagar - 135 001 (Haryana) INDIA Tel.: +91-1732-255055 to 60 • Fax: +91-1732-255057 • E-mail: [email protected] • Web: www.specialsteel.net 1 2 UPPER INDIA Mfrs of ZINC OXIDE 382715: +91-9978629532, +91-8572800368 UPPER INDIA 9215822418 3 EXECUTIVE COUNCIL For the Year 2018-2019 ATUL GUPTA RAJESH KHARBANDA MUNISH DHIMAN President Vice President Secretary ISH ANAND SAMIRA SALUJA VARINDER MEHANDIRATTA Treasurer Secretary General Joint Secretary EXECUTIVE MEMBERS Arun Oberoi Jaideep S.
    [Show full text]
  • 8. States After the Maurya Empire
    8. States after the Maurya Empire 8.1 The Shunga dynasty 8.1 The Shunga dynasty 8.2 Indo-Greek kings After Emperor Ashoka, Maurya power 8.3 Kushana kings started declining. The last Maurya Emperor 8.4 The Gupta dynasty was called Brihadratha. The Maurya 8.5 The Vardhan dynasty General Pushyamitra Shunga revolted against Brihadratha, killed him and 8.6 Powers in Northeast India became the king himself. 8.2 Indo-Greek kings Emperor Kanishka : Kanishka’s During this period, there were several empire extended from Kabul in the west small kingdoms ruled by Greek kings to to Varanasi in the east. Gold and copper the northwest of the Indian subcontinent. coins minted by him have been found in Those kings are known as Indo-Greek North India. The fourth Buddhist kings. In the history of the coins of ancient Council was held in Kashmir during his India, the coins of these kings are very reign. He established the city of important. They had a tradition of putting Kanishkapur in Kashmir. It is believed the picture of the king on one side and that the village of Kampur near Srinagar that of a deity on the other side. This today could be Kanishkapur. tradition later took root in India. One of The well-known poet Ashvaghosh the famous Indo-Greek kings was lived during the reign of Kanishka. He Menander, who discussed Buddhist wrote the texts ‘Buddhacharita’ and philosophy with the Buddhist bhikkhu, ‘Vajrasuchi’. The famous vaidya Nagasena. Menander is also referred to as Charaka was also in Kanishka’s court.
    [Show full text]
  • Depiction of Asoka Raja in the Buddhist Art of Gandhara
    Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan Volume No. 54, Issue No. 2 (July - December, 2017) Mahmood-ul-Hasan * DEPICTION OF ASOKA RAJA IN THE BUDDHIST ART OF GANDHARA Abstract Asoka was the grandson of the Chndragupta Maurya, founder of one of the greatest empires of the ancient India (321-297 BC). The empire won by Chandragupta had passed to his son Bindusara, after his death, it was again transmitted to his son Asoka. During early years of his kingship he was a very harsh ruler. But after witnessing the miseries and suffering of people during the Kalinga War (260 BCE.) Ashoka converted to Buddhism and decided to substitute the reign of the peace and tranquility for that of violence. Due to his acts of piety and love for the Buddhist faith he become the most popular and personality after Buddha for the Buddhists. Many legends associated with him i.e. “a handful dust”, “redistribution of Relics”, “ his visit of underwater stupa at Ramagrama” are depicted in Gandhara Art. In the present article an effort has been made to identify and analyze the legends of Ashoka in the light of their historical background. Keywords: Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara, Ashoka, Kalanga war, Buddhism. Introduction The Buddhist Art of Gandhara came in to being in the last century before the Christian era, when the Sakas were ruling in the North-West (Marshall, 1973:17) and further developed during the Parthian period (1st century A.D.). Like the Sakas, the Parthians were confirmed philhellenes and proud of their Hellenistic culture, and not only had they large numbers of Greek subjects in their empire but they were in a position to maintain close commercial contacts with the Mediterranean coasts (Ibid: 6).
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhapada and the Bodhisattva Path
    Contents List of Figures 7 Foreword 9 Michael Zimmermann and Steffen Döll Introduction 11 1 Seeing the Footprint 15 1.1 Introduction 15 1.2 Translation 17 1.3 The Nature of an Awakened One 20 1.4 The Different Footprints 23 1.5 Problems with Marks on the Footprint 27 1.6 The Thousand Spokes 30 1.7 The Wheel 36 1.8 Summary 41 2 A Vision of the Thirty-two Marks 43 2.1 Introduction 43 2.2 Translation 44 2.3 The Webbed Feet and the Protuberance 51 2.4 The Buddha’s Footprints on the Stairs from Heaven 55 2.5 The Buddha’s General Appearance 57 2.6 The Significance of the Thirty-two Marks 61 2.7 The Thirty-two Marks as Brahminical Lore 63 2.8 Summary 68 3 The Great Lineage of Buddhas 71 3.1 Introduction 71 3.2 Translation 75 3.3 Visual Elements in the Description of Vipaśyin 84 3.4 The Marks and dharmatā 87 3.5 The Birth of a Buddha 89 3.6 Seeing the Marks as a Means of Conversion 94 3.7 Seeing the Marks as a Means of Healing 100 3.8 Summary 101 4 The Karma of the Wheel-mark 103 4.1 Introduction 103 4.2 Translation 105 4.3 Assessing the Lakkhaṇa-sutta 106 4.4 Introducing the Karmic Perspective 110 4.5 The Marks in Their Karmic Setting 113 4.6 Aspiring to Be Endowed with the Marks 122 4.7 The Marks and Masculinity 128 4.8 Summary 134 Conclusion 137 Abbreviations 141 References 143 Index 171 List of Figures Figure 1: Fragment Description of Footprint 24 Figure 2: Different Footprints 25 Figure 3: Footprints with Wheel 39 Figure 4: Worshipping the Buddha’s Footprints 40 Figure 5: Buddha with Webbed Hand 53 Figure 6: The Buddha’s Descent from Heaven 56 Figure 7: Footprints with svastikas 62 Figure 8: The Buddha and His Six Predecessors 73 Figure 9: Baby Footprints 86 Figure 10: Footprint with Birds 99 Figure 11: Footprint-Wheels with many Spokes 104 Figure 12: Lion Capital 116 Figure 13: Wheel-marks on the Feet of a Seated Buddha 127 Foreword About Hamburg Buddhist Studies Ever since the birth of Buddhist Studies in Germany more than 100 years ago, Buddhism has enjoyed a prominent place in the study of Asian reli- gions.
    [Show full text]
  • Ashoka's Edicts & Inscriptions
    AsHokA’s Edicts & inscriptions The great Emperor Ashoka, the third monarch of the Maurya dynasty converted to Buddhism after witnessing the horrific effects of war in Kalinga. He became a champion and patron of Buddhism and strove to spread Dhamma throughout his empire and beyond. He erected pillars and edicts all over the subcontinent and even in modern-day Afghanistan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan to spread the Buddha’s word. The Edicts of Ashoka are in total 33 inscriptions written on the Pillars, boulders and cave walls of Mauryan Period, during the reign of the Emperor Ashok that are dispersed throughout the Indian Sub-continent covering India, Pakistan and Nepal. These inscriptions are divided into three broad sections – 1. Major Rock Edicts 2. Pillar Rock Edicts 3. Minor Rock Edicts These edicts have mentioned that Buddhism as a religion had reached as far as Mediterranean under the Ashokan reign. Many Buddhist monuments had been created in the wide-spread area. In these edicts, Buddhism and the Buddha are also mentioned. But primarily these edicts focus more on social and moral precepts rather than the religious practices (or the philosophical dimension) of Buddhism during Ashoka’s reign. A notable thing in these inscriptions is, that Ashoka refers to himself in many of these inscriptions as “Devampiyaa” which means “Beloved of the Gods” and “King Piyadassi.” Language used: The inscriptions found in the eastern parts of Mauryan empire are written using the Brahmi script in Magadhi language. While in the western parts of the empire, the script used is Kharoshti, written in Prakrit.
    [Show full text]
  • 192. Great Stupa at Sanchi Madhya Pradesh, India. Buddhist, Maurya
    192. Great Stupa at Sanchi Madhya Pradesh, India. Buddhist, Maurya, late Sunga Dynasty. c. 300 B.C.E. – 100 C.E. Stone masonry, sandstone on dome The Great Stupa at Sanchi is the oldest stone structure in India[1] and was originally commissioned by the emperor Ashoka the Great in the 3rd century BCE built over the relics of the Buddha It was crowned by the chatra, a parasol-like structure symbolising high rank, which was intended to honour and shelter the relics 54 feet tall and 120 feet in diameter The construction work of this stupa was overseen by Ashoka's wife, Devi herself, who was the daughter of a merchant of Vidisha. Sanchi was also her birthplace as well as the venue of her and Ashoka's wedding. In the 1st century BCE, four elaborately carved toranas (ornamental gateways) and a balustrade encircling the entire structure were added With its many tiers it was a symbol of the dharma, the Wheel of the Law. The dome was set on a high circular drum meant for circumambulation, which could be accessed via a double staircase Built during many different dynasties . An inscription records the gift of one of the top architraves of the Southern Gateway by the artisans of the Satavahana king Satakarni: o "Gift of Ananda, the son of Vasithi, the foreman of the artisans of rajan Siri Satakarni".[ o Although made of stone, they were carved and constructed in the manner of wood and the gateways were covered with narrative sculptures. They showed scenes from the life of the Buddha integrated with everyday events that would be familiar to the onlookers and so make it easier for them to understand the Buddhist creed as relevant to their lives At Sanchi and most other stupas the local population donated money for the embellishment of the stupa to attain spiritual merit.
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 17 the Mauryas*
    India: 6th Century BCE to 200 BCE UNIT 17 THE MAURYAS* Structure 17.0 Objectives 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Historical Background 17.3 Distribution of Inscriptions 17.4 Dhamma 17.4.1 Causes 17.4.2 Contents of Dhamma 17.4.3 Ashoka’s Dhamma and the Mauryan State 17.4.4 Dhamma-Interpretations 17.5 Mauryan Art and Architecture 17.5.1 Examples of Mauryan Art 17.6 Disintegration of the Empire 17.6.1 Successors of Ashoka 17.6.2 Other Political Factors for Disintegration 17.6.3 Ashoka and his Policies 17.6.4 Economic Problems 17.7 Growth of Local Polities in Post-Mauryan Period 17.8 Summary 17.9 Key Words 17.10 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 17.11 Suggested Readings 17.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this Unit, you will be able to learn about: the historical background to the formulation of the policy of Dhamma; Ashoka’s Dhamma, its main characteristics; role of Dhamma-mahamattas; main features of Mauryan art and architecture; and the various factors responsible for the decline of the Mauryas. 17.1 INTRODUCTION Many historians consider Ashoka as one of the greatest kings of the ancient world. His policy of Dhamma has been a topic of lively discussion among scholars. The word ‘Dhamma’ is the Prakrit form of the Sanskrit word ‘Dharma’. Dhamma has been variously translated as piety, moral life, righteousness and so on, but the best way to understand what Ashoka means by Dhamma is to read his edicts. The edicts were written primarily to explain to the people throughout the empire the principles of Dhamma.
    [Show full text]
  • Kurukshetra Magazine Summary for April 2021 Issue
    NURTURING INDIA’S RICH CULTURAL HERITAGE • India with its glorious past has bequeathed a remarkable variety of monuments and sites spread all across the length and breadth of the country. There are 38 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India (as of 2021), of which 30 are cultural sites, 7 are natural sites and one mixed site. • Along with these are rich and varied intangible cultural heritage of the country like oral traditions and expressions, craftsmanship etc. Heritage are not just reflectors of the past, but opportunities to generate employment and income in the present and future through heritage tourism. Heritage can Change the Rural Economy • There are various heritage structures with cultural and historical significance in the rural hinterlands lying untapped and unattended. Due to the pandemic, people are now more interested in visiting less- crowded rural India. This creates opportunity for rural areas. • There are traditional step wells which have heritage significance and also can be explored if the water sources can be revived. While attracting tourists, it will also solve the water issue faced by the people in the area. Steps Taken by the Govt. • In budget 2020-21, govt. has proposed five archaeological sites, namely, Rakhigarhi (Haryana), Hastinapur (Uttar Pradesh), Shivsagar (Assam), Dholavira (Gujarat) and Adichanallur (Tamil Nadu) to be developed as iconic sites with on-site Museums. • Rakhigarhi, the site of a pre-Indus Valley Civilisation settlement, dating back to about 6500 BCE village is located in Hisar District in Haryana. • Dholavira, a site of ruins of ancient Harappan city, is located near the Dholavira village in Gujarat.
    [Show full text]
  • Texts. Rock Inscriptions of Asoka
    TEXTS. ROCK INSCRIPTIONS OF ASOKA SHAHBAZGARHI, KHlLSI, GIRNAR, DHAULI, AND JAUGADA. EDICT I. s Ayam dharmalipi [ omitted ] Devanampriyasa * # # K Iyam dhammalipi f do. ] Devanampiyena Piyadasina G lyara dhammalipi [ do. ] Devanampiyena Piyadasina, D * # dha * * # # # * si pavatasi Devanampiye * # # * J Iyam dhammalipi Khepingalasi pavatasi Devanampiyena Piyadasina S Ranyo likhapi . Hidam lo ke * jiva. * * * * * * K # * lekhapi. Hida no kichhi jive. alabhitu paja G Eanya lekhapita .. Idha na kinchi jivam arabhida paju D Lajo # # # * * * * * . * vam alabhitu pajapa J Lajina likhapita . Hida no kichhi jivam. alabhiti paja S # * # cha pi * sama* * * * * * * * # K hitaviye 2 no pi ch;i samaje. kataviye bahukam hi G hitavyam 4 na cha samaje. katavyo bahukam hi D * # * # # # # * * * 2# * # bahukam * * J hitaviye 2 no pi cha samaje. kataviye babukain hi S # # # * * # * # # *4# ### •## # # * K dosa samejasa. Devanampiye Piyadasi Laja dakhati 5 G dosam samajamhi. pasati Devanampiyo Piyadasi Raja D * * # * # * * # # # nam # * # # # * # # # * J dosam samejasa. dakhati Devanampiye Piyadasi . Laja S 2 ati pi* * * katiya samayasa samato Devanampriyasa K athi picha. ekatiya samaj& sadhumata Devanampiyasa 7 G 6 asti pitu ekacha samaja sadhumata Devanampiyasa D * * # ekacha samajasa sadhumata Devanampiyasa J athi pichu ekatiya samaja sadhumata Devanampiyasa S Priyadasisa Ranyo para mahanasasa Devanampriyasa Priyadasisa 3 K Piyadasisa Lajine pale mahanasansi Devanampiyasa Piyadasisji 8 G Piyadasino Ranyo pura mahanasaphi Devanampiyasa Piyadasino 3 D Piyadasine
    [Show full text]