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Decapod Crustaceans in Fresh Waters of Southeastern Bahia, Brazil

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Decapod Crustaceans in Fresh Waters of Southeastern Bahia, Brazil Decapod crustaceans in fresh waters of southeastern Bahia, Brazil Alexandre Oliveira de Almeida1,2, Petrônio Alves Coelho2, Joaldo Rocha Luz1, José Tiago Almeida dos Santos1 & Neyva Ribeiro Ferraz1 1. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km. 16. 45662-000 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; [email protected] 2. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Oceanografia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia. Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária. 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil. Received 21-XI-2007. Corrected 30-VI-2008. Accepted 31-VII-2008. Abstract: A total of 117 species of freshwater decapod crustaceans are known from Brazil. Knowledge regarding the fauna of Decapoda from inland waters in the state of Bahia, northeast Brazil, is incipient. In spite of its wide territory and rich hydrographic net, only 13 species of limnetic decapods have been reported from that state. The objective of this contribution was to survey decapod crustaceans of some hydrographic basins in southeastern Bahia. The material described herein was obtained in samplings conducted between 1997 and 2005. Voucher specimens were deposited in the carcinological collections of the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil, and Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil. A total of 13 species was collected. The carideans were represented by the atyids Atya scabra (Leach, 1815) and Potimirim potimirim (Müller, 1881) and the palaemonids Macrobrachium acanthurus (Wiegmann, 1836), M. amazonicum (Heller, 1862), M. carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758), M. heterochirus (Wiegmann, 1836), M. jelskii (Miers, 1877), M. olfersi (Wiegmann, 1836), and Palaemon (Palaemon) pandaliformis (Stimpson, 1871). The brachyurans were represented by the portunids Callinectes bocourti A. Milne-Edwards, 1879 and C. sapidus Rathbun, 1895, the trichodactylid Trichodactylus fluviatilis Latreille, 1828 and the panopeid Panopeus rugosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881. Macrobrachium heterochirus represents a new record from Bahia, and M. amazonicum is reported for the first time in southeast Bahia. The occurrence of two extreme different forms of T. fluviatilis was observed. Form A is characterized by the frontal margin of carapace bordered by conspicuous granules, the anterolateral margin provided with developed teeth plus granules, and the posterolateral margin provided with granulation similar to that found on the front. In form B the frontal margin is smooth or has an inconspicuous granulation; the anterolateral margin is usually provided with 1-3 notches, and teeth (1-2), if present, are small; and the posterolateral margin is smooth or slightly granulated. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (3): 1225- 1254. Epub 2008 September 30. Key words: fresh water shrimps, Caridea, Callinectes, Trichodactylus, Panopeus, Brachyura, Brazilian fauna. Freshwater decapod crustaceans (e.g., deforestation, silting, etc., can strongly affect shrimps, crayfishes, aeglid and brachyuran the occurrence of crustaceans, especially those crabs) constitute a group of high ecological and of very restricted geographic range, raising the economic importance (Magalhães 1999). threat of extinction of those species (Magalhães South American aquatic environments have 1999). Recently, some freshwater species such been suffering progressive degradation, espe- as the shrimps Atya scabra (Leach, 1815) cially of the continental waters. This situation and Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758) necessitates an acceleration of studies on the were included in the Brazilian Red List of composition and biology of the aquatic com- threatened species as “vulnerable” in several munities (Bond-Buckup and Buckup 1994). Brazilian states (Amaral 2005). Accidental or Changes in freshwater habitats due to pollution, intentional introduction of exotic species is Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 56 (3): 1225-1254, September 2008 1225 another factor recognized, in most cases, to MATERIAL AND METHODS negatively affect the structure of aquatic com- o munities (Rodríguez and Suárez 2001, Tavares The study area is located between 13 53’- o o o and Mendonça Jr. 2004). 15 17’S, and 39 00’-40 04’W (Fig. 1). The A total of 117 species of freshwater deca- climate is warm and humid, without a dry pod crustaceans are known from Brazil (Bond- season near the coast, where the rainfall is Buckup 2003, Buckup 2003, Magalhães 2003, higher than 1,300 mm/year. Rainfall decreases Melo 2003). In the state of Bahia, northeast with distance from the coast. The mean annual o Brazil, in spite of its wide territory and rich temperature is between 24 and 25 C. Most of hydrographic net, only 13 species of limnetic the area was originally covered by the Atlantic decapods have been reported to the present Forest, which extends from the coast to around o (Ramos-Porto and Coelho 1998, Magalhães 39 45’W. The landscape is now mostly domi- 1998, Melo 2003). The previous contributions nated by cocoa plantations, the main agricul- do not include estuarine species (e.g., some spe- tural product of the region (Roeder 1975, Vinha cies of Callinectes Stimpson, 1860) that remain et al. 1976, Argôlo 2004). in fresh water for part of their life cycles. Most of the material examined was Semper (1868) and Ortmann (1891) were obtained during the project “Inventariamento the first authors to report a freshwater shrimp da fauna de crustáceos decápodos do município from Bahia (M. carcinus). A. Milne-Edwards de Ilhéus, Bahia”, from May 2003 to February (1869) described Trichodactylus crassus based 2005. All collection sites visited during this on material from the state. In 1897, Hermann period were geo-referenced. Sampling was von Ihering and Arnold Ortmann published carried out especially in the Cachoeira River, classic papers on shrimps from Brazil and formed by the confluence of the Colônia and South America, respectively, including some Salgado rivers, and in adjacent basins, such as records from Bahia (Ihering 1897, Ortmann Contas, Almada, Acuípe, Aliança, and other 1897). Moreira (1901), Rathbun (1906), smaller basins. A small part of the mate- Sawaya (1946), Holthuis (1952), Melo (1967), rial was collected in sporadic samplings in Bott (1969), and Gomes Corrêa (1977) also the Cachoeira River basin, between 1997 and provided some species records of shrimps and 1999, by P. A. Coelho, and in 2001 and 2002, brachyurans. Magalhães (1991), in his doctoral by A. O. Almeida and collaborators. thesis, reported the occurrence of T. fluviatilis Specimens were collected with artisanal Latreille, 1828 for several localities in Bahia. traps, locally called “manzuás”, hand nets, or Barros and Braun (1997) collected shrimps in sieves. Voucher specimens were preserved in 70% a number of basins in the southern part of the ethanol and deposited in the carcinological col- state. However, the present-day diversity of lections of the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade freshwater decapods in the continental waters Estadual de Santa Cruz (MZUESC), Ilhéus, of Bahia is still far from well known. Brazil, and the Departamento de Oceanografia, In order to improve knowledge of the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco fauna of continental waters in Bahia, we report (DOUFPE), Recife, Brazil. Specimens of T. herein the results of a survey carried out in fluviatilis were compared to material deposited some hydrographic basins in the southeastern in the crustacean collections of the Museu de region of the state. We expect that the data pre- Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil sented here will be useful in further biological (MZUSP), and the Universidade Santa Úrsula, and ecological studies focusing on the fauna of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (USU) (to be incorporated the region, as well as representing a basis for into the MZUSP collection, Dr. Marcos Tavares, conservation strategies. pers. comm.). Most of the material deposited 1226 Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 56 (3): 1225-1254, September 2008 A Jequié 14º30’ B Almada River Uruçuca Itabuna Cachoeira River Ilhéus C Basin E F G 15º00’ D H BRAZIL Aliança River Una Basin State of Bahia Pardo River 40º00’ 39º30’ Fig. 1. Location of the study area, southeastern Bahia, Brazil. A. Reservatório da Pedra; B. Lagoa Encantada; C. Salgado River; D. Colônia River; E. Cachoeira River; F. Santana River; G. Acuípe River; H. Maruim River. Scale bar = 20 km. at MZUSP and USU was previously identified and for the state of Bahia (if any), are provided by Dr. Célio Magalhães (Instituto Nacional de for each species. Distributional and taxonomic Pesquisas da Amazônia), and later examined by remarks are also included, as well as informa- the senior author. The measurements were taken tion on the economic importance and fisheries with a vernier caliper to the nearest 0.1 mm. of some species. This information is a result of The classification adopted in this contri- personal observations and conversations with bution follows Martin and Davis’ (2001) pro- fishermen in the Cachoeira and Contas river posed scheme to family level. In each family, basins. the order of genera and species is alphabetical. Other abbreviations used are: m = male, f Material examined, geographical range, eco- = female, juv = juvenile, ni = sex not identified, logical notes, taxonomic references for Brazil CL = carapace length, CW = carapace width. Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 56 (3): 1225-1254, September 2008 1227 RESULTS and Trinidad, Mexico,
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