Mitochondrial Genomes of Arachnids - a New Approach to Address Open Phylogenetic Questions

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mitochondrial Genomes of Arachnids - a New Approach to Address Open Phylogenetic Questions Mitochondrial genomes of arachnids - a new approach to address open phylogenetic questions Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades des Doktors der Naturwissenschaften am Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Kathrin Fahrein aus Berlin Disputationsdatum: 30.04.2010 I Gutachter Erster Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Klaus Hausmann Institut für Biologie Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie Freie Universität Berlin Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Thomas Bartolomaeus Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Ökologie Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn II Erklärung Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit ohne die unzulässige Hilfe Dritter und ohne die Verwendung anderer als der angegebenen Hilfsmittel angefertigt habe. Die aus anderen Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommenen Daten und Konzepte sind unter Angabe der Quelle gekennzeichnet. Die Arbeit wurde bisher weder im In- noch im Ausland in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form einer anderen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt. Berlin, April 2010 Kathrin Fahrein III Danksagung Prof. Dr. Klaus Hausmann danke ich für die freundliche und unkomplizierte Übernahme der Betreuung meiner Doktorarbeit und für die dadurch überaus wertvolle Möglichkeit, diese in Berlin zu ende schreiben zu können. Prof. Dr. Thomas Bartolomaeus sei zum einen für sämtliche Unterstützung vor Beginn meiner Doktorarbeit zum anderen aber auch für die anfängliche Betreuung und das weitere Interesse am Fortschritt dieser gedankt. PD Dr. Lars Podsiadlowski möchte ich zutiefst für die fachlich und menschlich hervorragende Betreuung über die letzten Jahre danken. Nicht nur das Projekt sondern auch die Zusammenarbeit mit ihm war stets eine Freude. Weiterhin möchte ich mich für sein Vertrauen bedanken, eine Morphologin und Arachnophobikerin mit diesem Projekt zu betrauen! PD Dr. Thomas Stach möchte ich dafür danken, dass Sein Bleiben den Wegzug der Arbeitsgruppe so angenehm wie nur möglich gestaltet hat. Und ohne die dadurch gegebene Kontinuität wäre diese Arbeit jetzt wahrscheinlich noch nicht fertig. Bei meiner jetzigen Arbeitsgruppe, vor allem bei Esther und Sabrina, bedanke ich mich für Ihre heiteren Gemüter und das entspannte Miteinander im täglichen Büroverkehr. Allen Mitgliedern der ehemaligen Ag15 Systematik und Evolution der Tiere danke ich für die schöne Zeit, die wir hier in Berlin hatten. Waltraud Brackwehr sei dafür gedankt, dass sie das mit Ihrer Übersicht, Kompetenz und Hilfsbereitschaft schafft, was viele überfordern würde: Sie hält `den Laden` am Laufen. Meiner Familie und meinen Freunden sei für das Interesse und die Teilnahme an allem, was ich tue, gedankt. Besonders meinen Eltern und meinem Bruder bin ich für Ihre stets bedingungslose und unaufgeforderte Unterstützung in allen Lebenslagen zu tiefstem Dank verpfl ichtet. Sie sind unersetzlich für mein Leben und mehr an dem Gelingen dieser Arbeit beteiligt, als sie wahrscheinlich denken! Meinem Freund danke ich nicht nur für jede Minute (auch für die Schlechten und Anstrengenden, denn die waren besonders lehrreich!), die wir zusammen verbracht haben, sondern auch für die Ruhe, den Humor und die Zuversicht, die er immer genau dann in mein Leben bringt, wenn ich es selbst mal nicht schaffe. Gerade die letzte Zeit war trotz der `Umstände` dann doch eher wie ein Spaziergang! IV Zusammenfassung Die Phylogenie der Arachnida ist bis heute umstritten, einerseits wegen widersprüchlicher Interpretationen von Verwandtschaftsverhältnissen der übergeordneten Taxa, andererseits durch die fragliche Eingliederung der marinen Xiphosura in diese vorwiegend terrestrische Tiergruppe. Die konträren Hypothesen beruhen hauptsächlich auf morphologischen Merkmalen und 18S-Sequenzen, deren Verwendung in diesem Zusammenhang wenig geeignet erscheint, da mehrere morphologische Merkmale als homoplastisch angenommen werden und sich das 18S-Gen während der Evolution der Chelicerata offenbar nur wenig verändert hat. Mitochondriale Genome stellen einen weiteren Datensatz phylogenetisch wertvoller Merkmale dar. Dabei können neben den Aminosäure- bzw Nucleotid-Sequenzen auch strukturelle Merkmale dieser eher kleinen Genome analysiert werden. Diese „Genom-morphologischen“ Merkmale umfassen vergleichende Untersuchungen der Genreihenfolge, der RNA- Sekundärstrukturen und der Kontroll-Region, aber auch z. B. die Nukleotidzusammensetzung von protein-kodierenden und ribosomalen Genen. In dieser Arbeit werden neue mitochondriale Genomsequenzen mehrerer Arachniden präsentiert und vor dem Hintergrund der Verwendbarkeit dieser molekularen Methode für die Phylogenie der Arachniden diskutiert. In diese Überlegungen werden sowohl Sequenzanalysen als auch Vergleiche von „Genom morphologischen“ Merkmalsbefunden einbezogen. Insgesamt konnten zehn Genome der Arachniden-Taxa Ricinulei, Opiliones, Araneae, Scorpiones und Amblypygi komplett sequenziert werden. Rückschlüsse über die frühe Diversifi kation übergeordneter Arachniden-Taxa konnten unter Verwendung von mitochondrialen Sequenzen bzw. Genreihenfolgen nicht gezogen werden. Allerdings konnte ein klarer Nutzen für Aussagen auf untergeordneten taxonomischen Ebenen gezeigt werden. Die gewonnenen Daten unterstützen u.a. die aus morphologischer Sicht etabliertende Phylogenie übergeordneter Spinnen-Taxa. Vor allem waren aber Belege vielversprechend, welche eine Abgrenzung einzelner Gruppen innerhalb der opisthothelen Spinnen erlauben, da hier die Schwestergruppen-Beziehungen der Subtaxa längst nicht geklärt ist. Eine ähnliche Bedeutung mitochondrialer Daten zeigt sich auch bei Skorpionen. Auch wenn mitochondriale Genome derzeit keine Aufklärung der Verwandschaftsbeziehungen hochrangiger Arachniden- Taxa vermögen, so können sie dennoch auf etwas niedrigerem taxonomischem Niveau wertvolle Hilfe zur Aufklärung der Phylogenie darstellen. V Summary The phylogeny of the predominantly terrestrial Arachnida is still controversial, due to confl icting interpretations of the relatedness of the major lineages as well as the questionable inclusion of the marine Xiphosura. The confl icting hypotheses were produced by using basically morphological and nuclear sequence-based data, in that case both with doubtful convenience as many characters must have emerged convergently and the prevalent used 18S rRNA gene appears to have changed too sparsely during chelicerate evolution. Another large dataset of phylogenetic information is provided by mitochondrial genomes, which have served as models for comparative genomics for some time. Besides the sequence information retained in mitochondrial genomes in form of amino acid or nucleotide sequences of protein- coding and rRNA genes, other features of those rather small genomes bear phylogenetic information. These structural characters are often considered as `genome morphology` and comprise gene order, secondary structures of transfer and ribosomal RNAs, control region features, codon usage patterns, and the nucleotide compositional strand bias of protein- coding and rRNA genes. In this thesis several new mitochondrial genomes from arachnids are presented against the background of an evaluation of the usability and effi ciency of these molecular character complexes concerning arachnid systematics. Included in these considerations are sequence analyses as well as comparisons of fi ndings in terms of different characters belonging to `genome morphology`. Altogether, sequencing was successful in case of ten complete genomes from the arachnid orders Ricinulei, Opiliones, Araneae, Scorpiones, and Amblypygi. It appears diffi cult to deduce the progression of early diversifi cation among arachnid orders from mitochondrial genome sequence data or gene rearrangements. However, a real benefi t is gained on lower taxonomic levels. In case of Araneae, e.g., mitochondrial sequences and genome organisations largely support morphological based phylogenetic relationships of the three major clades. Furthermore, it even could be proven that gene rearrangements are useful for in-depth phylogenetic analysis of the Opisthothelae, in which sister group relationships of some taxa still deserve study. Similarily, inverted repeat sequences in the control region of Scorpiones demarcate clades on different levels. So even if mitochondrial genomes can hardly shed light on the relationships of major arachnid lineages, the data is promising for a resolution of disputed intraordinal relationships. VI List of Publications The dissertation is based on following publications: Chapter 2: Fahrein, K., Talarico, G., Braband, A., Podsiadlowski, L. (2007): The complete mitochondrial genome of Pseudocellus pearsei (Chelicerata: Ricinulei) and a comparison of mitochondrial gene rearrangements in Arachnida. BMC Genomics 8: 386. doi:10.1186/1471- 2164-8-386. Chapter 3: Fahrein, K., Masta, S.E., Podsiadlowski, L. (2009): The fi rst complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Amblypygi (Chelicerata: Arachnida) reveal conservation of the ancestral arthropod gene order. Genome 52: 456–466. doi:10.1139/G09-023. Copyright: NRC Research Press. Chapter 4: Fahrein, K., Talarico, G., Podsiadlowski, L. (in preparation): Differences in mitochondrial genomes of Ricinulei: new mitogenomic data from the two major clades of New World Ricinulei. Chapter 5: Fahrein, K., Podsiadlowski, L. (in preparation): New mitogenomic data from a member of Opiliones (Opilio parietinus) reveal a rearrangement hot-spot in Opiliones. Chapter 6: Fahrein, K., Podsiadlowski, L. (in preparation): A new mitochondrial genome sequence of a
Recommended publications
  • The Role of Microhabitats in Structuring Cave Invertebrate Communities in Guatemala Gabrielle S.M
    International Journal of Speleology 49 (2) 161-169 Tampa, FL (USA) May 2020 Available online at scholarcommons.usf.edu/ijs International Journal of Speleology Off icial Journal of Union Internationale de Spéléologie The role of microhabitats in structuring cave invertebrate communities in Guatemala Gabrielle S.M. Pacheco 1*, Marconi Souza Silva 1, Enio Cano 2, and Rodrigo L. Ferreira 1 1Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Setor de Biodiversidade Subterrânea, Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea, Caixa Postal 3037, CEP 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil 2Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Ciudad Universitaria, Zona 12, 01012, Guatemala City, Guatemala Abstract: Several studies have tried to elucidate the main environmental features driving invertebrate community structure in cave environments. They found that many factors influence the community structure, but rarely focused on how substrate types and heterogeneity might shape these communities. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess which substrate features and whether or not substrate heterogeneity determines the invertebrate community structure (species richness and composition) in a set of limestone caves in Guatemala. We hypothesized that the troglobitic fauna responds differently to habitat structure regarding species richness and composition than non-troglobitic fauna because they are more specialized to live in subterranean habitats. Using 30 m2 transects, the invertebrate fauna was collected and the substrate features were measured. The results showed that community responded to the presence of guano, cobbles, boulders, and substrate heterogeneity. The positive relationship between non-troglobitic species composition with the presence of guano reinforces the importance of food resources for structuring invertebrate cave communities in Guatemalan caves.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of the Adult Male of Pseudocellus Pachysoma Teruel & Armas 2008 (Ricinulei: Ricinoididae)
    Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, nº 24 (30/06/2014): 75–79. ARTÍCULO Grupo Ibérico de Aracnología (S.E.A.). ISSN: 1576 - 9518. http://www.sea-entomologia.org/ DESCRIPTION OF THE ADULT MALE OF PSEUDOCELLUS PACHYSOMA TERUEL & ARMAS 2008 (RICINULEI: RICINOIDIDAE) Rolando Teruel1 & Frederic D. Schramm2 1 Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (Bioeco), Museo de Historia Natural "Tomás Romay". José A. Saco # 601, esquina a Barnada; Santiago de Cuba 90100. Cuba – [email protected] 2 Wehrdaer Weg 38a; Marburg 35037. Germany – [email protected] Abstract: The adult males of the Cuban endemic ricinulid Pseudocellus pachysoma Teruel & Armas 2008 are herein described on the basis of a sample recently collected in a cave locality of northern Guantánamo province. As a result, the taxonomic diagnosis of this species is updated and further data on its morphological, morphometric and chromatic variability are given. Also, its habitat and microhabitat are described, as well as some aspects about its behavior under both natural and captive conditions. Key words: Ricinulei, Ricinoididae, Pseudocellus, Cuba. Descripción del macho adulto de Pseudocellus pachysoma Teruel & Armas 2008 (Ricinulei: Ricinoididae) Resumen: Se describen los machos adultos del ricinuleido endémico cubano Pseudocellus pachysoma Teruel & Armas 2008, so- bre la base de un lote capturado recientemente en una localidad cavernaria del norte de la provincia de Guantánamo. Como con- secuencia, se actualiza la diagnosis taxonómica de esta especie y se aportan datos adicionales sobre su variabilidad morfológica, morfométrica y cromática. Además, se describe su hábitat y microhábitat, así como algunos aspectos de su comportamiento en condiciones naturales y de cautividad. Palabras clave: Ricinulei, Ricinoididae, Pseudocellus, Cuba.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylum Arthropoda*
    Zootaxa 3703 (1): 017–026 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.6 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FBDB78E3-21AB-46E6-BD4F-A4ADBB940DCC Phylum Arthropoda* ZHI-QIANG ZHANG New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand; [email protected] * In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa, 3703, 1–82. Abstract The Arthropoda is here estimated to have 1,302,809 described species, including 45,769 fossil species (the diversity of fossil taxa is here underestimated for many taxa of the Arthropoda). The Insecta (1,070,781 species) is the most successful group, and it alone accounts for over 80% of all arthropods. The most successful insect order, Coleoptera (392,415 species), represents over one-third of all species in 39 insect orders. Another major group in Arthropoda is the class Arachnida (114,275 species), which is dominated by the Acari (55,214 mite and tick species) and Araneae (44,863 spider species). Other diverse arthropod groups include Crustacea (73,141 species), Trilobitomorpha (20,906 species) and Myriapoda (12,010 species). Key words: Classification, diversity, Arthropoda Introduction The Arthropoda, with over 1.5 million described species, is the largest animal phylum, and it alone accounts for about 80% of the total number of species in the animal kingdom (Zhang 2011a). In the last volume on animal higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness, 28 chapters by numerous teams of specialists were published on various taxa of the Arthropoda, but there were many gaps to be filled (Zhang 2011b).
    [Show full text]
  • (Ricinulei, Ricinoididae) from South and Central America, with Clarification of the Identity of Cryptocellus Leleupi Cooreman, 1976
    AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Number 3976, 35 pp. August 25, 2021 Four New Species of “Hooded Tick-Spiders” (Ricinulei, Ricinoididae) from South and Central America, with Clarification of the Identity of Cryptocellus leleupi Cooreman, 1976 RICARDO BOTERO-TRUJILLO,1LEONARDO S. CARVALHO,2 EDUARDO FLOREZ D.,3AND LORENZO PRENDINI1 ABSTRACT The Ricinulei Thorell, 1876, or “hooded tick-spiders,” are among the least studied arachnid orders. Knowledge of ricinuleid diversity has been slow to accumulate because these arachnids are underrepresented in biological collections. Despite an increase in the pace of new species descriptions in recent decades, the species richness of the order probably remains vastly under- estimated. Large areas in some of the world’s most biodiverse countries are without a single record for the order, hence new records invariably turn out to be new species. The present contribution describes four new species of the mostly South American genus Cryptocellus West- wood, 1874: Cryptocellus canutama, sp. nov., and Cryptocellus jamari, sp. nov., from Brazil; Cryptocellus islacolon, sp. nov., from Panama; and Cryptocellus macagual, sp. nov., from Colom- bia. Additionally, a new diagnosis and description are provided for Cryptocellus leleupi Coore- man, 1976, long considered a nomen dubium. The known locality records of the five species and their putative relatives are mapped. The present contribution raises the number ofCrypto - cellus species to 45 and the number of extant species of Ricinulei to 101. 1 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. 2 Campus Amílcar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauí. 3 Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 2021 ISSN 0003-0082 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO.
    [Show full text]
  • Sensory Structures in the Chelicerae of Pseudocellus Pearsei (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1938) (Ricinulei, Arachnida)
    XX…………………………………… ARTÍCULO: Taste while chewing? Sensory structures in the chelicerae of Pseudocellus pearsei (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1938) (Ricinulei, Arachnida) Giovanni Talarico, José G. Palacios-Vargas & Gerd Alberti ARTÍCULO: Taste while chewing? Sensory struc- tures in the chelicerae of Pseudocel- lus pearsei (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1938) (Ricinulei, Arachnida) Giovanni Talarico & Gerd Alberti Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Zoologisches Institut & Museum, J.-S.-Bach-Str. 11/12, Abstract Greifswald, Germany. Ricinulei possess two jointed chelate chelicerae to grab, kill and to chew up their e-mail: [email protected] prey. The chelicerae of the Méxican cave dwelling species Pseudocellus pearsei e-mail: [email protected] were investigated by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The movable and fixed fingers of the chelicerae bear numerous blunt tipped José G. Palacios-Vargas teeth. Single fine pores are present on the long distal tips of the finger and also Universidad Nacional Autónoma de on their shorter teeth. Furthermore, flat oval depressions can be observed near México, Laboratorio de Ecología y the articulation of the movable finger. Sections of the fingers reveal their multiple Sistemática de Microarthrópodos, innervation. Ensheathed outer dendritic segments project into the teeth. Since Departamento de Ecología y Recursos muscles are absent inside the fingers a motor neuronal function of this innerva- Naturales, tion can beexcluded and a sensorial function has to be presumed. Ensheathed Ciudad de México, México. outer dendritic segments projecting towards single terminal pores characterize e-mail: jgpv@ fciencias.unam.mex arthropod chemoreceptors with gustatory function. Key words: Arthropoda, Arachnida, Ricinulei, Pseudocellus, Ultrastructure, Chelicera, Sensilla, México Revista Ibérica de Aracnología ISSN: 1576 - 9518.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudoscorpion Mitochondria Show Rearranged Genes and Genome
    Ovchinnikov and Masta BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012, 12:31 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/12/31 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Pseudoscorpion mitochondria show rearranged genes and genome-wide reductions of RNA gene sizes and inferred structures, yet typical nucleotide composition bias Sergey Ovchinnikov and Susan E Masta* Abstract Background: Pseudoscorpions are chelicerates and have historically been viewed as being most closely related to solifuges, harvestmen, and scorpions. No mitochondrial genomes of pseudoscorpions have been published, but the mitochondrial genomes of some lineages of Chelicerata possess unusual features, including short rRNA genes and tRNA genes that lack sequence to encode arms of the canonical cloverleaf-shaped tRNA. Additionally, some chelicerates possess an atypical guanine-thymine nucleotide bias on the major coding strand of their mitochondrial genomes. Results: We sequenced the mitochondrial genomes of two divergent taxa from the chelicerate order Pseudoscorpiones. We find that these genomes possess unusually short tRNA genes that do not encode cloverleaf- shaped tRNA structures. Indeed, in one genome, all 22 tRNA genes lack sequence to encode canonical cloverleaf structures. We also find that the large ribosomal RNA genes are substantially shorter than those of most arthropods. We inferred secondary structures of the LSU rRNAs from both pseudoscorpions, and find that they have lost multiple helices. Based on comparisons with the crystal structure of the bacterial ribosome, two of these helices were likely contact points with tRNA T-arms or D-arms as they pass through the ribosome during protein synthesis. The mitochondrial gene arrangements of both pseudoscorpions differ from the ancestral chelicerate gene arrangement. One genome is rearranged with respect to the location of protein-coding genes, the small rRNA gene, and at least 8 tRNA genes.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Species Diversity and Molecular Evolution of Arachnida Through Dna Barcodes
    Exploring Species Diversity and Molecular Evolution of Arachnida through DNA Barcodes by Monica R. Young A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Integrative Biology Guelph, Ontario, Canada ©Monica R. Young, February, 2013 ABSTRACT EXPLORING SPECIES DIVERSITY AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF ARACHNIDA THROUGH DNA BARCODES Monica Rose Young Advisor: University of Guelph, 2012 Professor P.D.N. Hebert This thesis investigates species diversity and patterns of molecular evolution in Arachnida through DNA barcoding. The first chapter assesses mite species richness through comprehensive sampling at a subarctic location in Canada. Barcode analysis of 6279 specimens revealed nearly 900 presumptive species with high rates of turnover between major habitat types, demonstrating the utility of DNA barcoding for biodiversity surveys of understudied taxa. The second chapter explores nucleotide composition, indel occurrence, and rates of amino acid evolution in Arachnida. The results suggest a significant shift in nucleotide composition in the arachnid subclasses of Pulmonata (GC = 37.0%) and Apulmonata (GC = 34.2%). Indels were detected in five apulmonate orders, with deletions being much more common than insertions. Finally, rates of amino acid evolution were detected among the orders, and were negatively correlated with generation length, suggesting that generation time is a significant contributor to variation in molecular rates of evolution in arachnids. ACKNOWLEGEMENTS I would like to thank the members of my advisory committee (Alex Smith, Valerie Behan- Pelletier, and Paul Hebert). In particular, I would like to thank Alex for his insights and assistance with molecular analyses, and Valerie for her enormous effort to identify my oribatids.
    [Show full text]
  • Number 83 (Pdf)
    American Arachnology Newsletter of the American Arachnological Society Number 83 October 2019 Table of Contents Annual Meeting Reports ................................................................................................................. 1 American Arachnological Society Election Results ....................................................................... 3 Recognition Presented to Former Webmaster, Jan Weaver ........................................................... 4 AAS Student Research Grants Recipients ...................................................................................... 4 AAS HLMFAR Grant Winners ...................................................................................................... 5 AAS Travel Grant Recipients ......................................................................................................... 6 Winners of Student Presentations 2019 AAS Meeting ................................................................... 7 Increased Membership Dues for 2020 ............................................................................................ 8 Job Posting ...................................................................................................................................... 8 AAS Website Update ...................................................................................................................... 9 In Memoriam .................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Arachnida: Ricinulei: Ricinoididae) from Mexico
    2011. The Journal of Arachnology 39:365–377 Four new species of the genus Pseudocellus (Arachnida: Ricinulei: Ricinoididae) from Mexico Alejandro Valdez-Mondrago´n and Oscar F. Francke: Coleccio´n Nacional de Ara´cnidos (CNAN), Departamento de Zoologı´a, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Me´xico (UNAM), Apartado Postal 70-153, C. P. 04510, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegacio´n Coyoaca´n, Cd. de Me´xico, Distrito Federal, Me´xico. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Four new species of ricinuleids are described: Pseudocellus chankin from caves and surface collections in southern Mexico (Chiapas & Tabasco) and Guatemala (Pete´n); Pseudocellus jarocho from a single surface collection in Veracruz, Me´xico; Pseudocellus oztotl, a troglobitic and troglomorphic species from Cueva de Las Tres Quimeras in the Sierra Negra, Puebla, Mexico; and Pseudocellus platnicki, also troglobitic and troglomorphic, known from a single cave in Coahuila, Mexico. The number of known species in the genus increases to 24, and Mexican species to 14. An identification key for adult males of the species found in Mexico and southern USA is provided. Keywords: Biodiversity, troglobites, troglomorphism, caves The order Ricinulei is currently the smallest of Arachnida In this work four new Mexican species of Pseudocellus are with two suborders: Paleoricinulei Selden 1992 with two described from the states of Chiapas, Coahuila, Puebla, and families (Curculioididae Cockerell 1916 and Poliocheridae Veracruz. Two are known only from caves and are highly Scudder 1884), four genera and 16 fossil species; and troglomorphic; one is known from both the surface and from Neoricinulei Selden 1992 with only one family (Ricinoididae two caves and shows no troglomorphisms, and the last one is Ewing 1929), three genera and 68 living species (Selden 1992; known only from one location, collected under a large boulder Harvey 2002, 2003; Botero-Trujillo & Pe´rez 2009; Tourinho & in a pine forest, and does not have any troglomorphisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropod Fauna in the Leaf Litter Material of Two Humus Collecting Understorey Plants in a Tropical Lowland Rainforest, Costa Rica“
    DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Arthropod fauna in the leaf litter material of two humus collecting understorey plants in a tropical lowland rainforest, Costa Rica“ verfasst von Barbara Hübner angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Naturwissenschaften (Mag.rer.nat.) Wien, 2013 Studienkennzahl lt. A 444 Studienblatt: Studienrichtung lt. Diplomstudium Ökologie Studienblatt: Betreut von: Univ. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Waitzbauer - 1 - Abstract. Arthropod assemblage in the leaf litter material of a lowland rainforest in Costa Rica. As low nutrient offer in tropical forests is an important limiting factor for plant growth, humus collecting, also called litter-trapping evolved as alternative alimentary strategy. Plant material from overstorey layers is collected in funnels, caused by the inclination of leaves, and turned by decomposers into humus, which can be tapped by using adventitious roots in the crown section, absorbation of nutrients by the leaf bases or other strategies of nutrient uptake. The funnel material is inhabited by a series of invertebrates, sometimes even lizards or birds use the humus material for egg deposition. Between July and October of 2008 the leaf litter material of two humus collecting understorey plant species, as well as leaf litter material from adjacent soil was collected at the two sampling sites hill-ridge and steep slope. Arthropod extraction was performed by using Berlese-Tullgren- Apparatus and showed that from more than 28,000 collected animals of 25 orders the most frequent are Acari, Collembola and Hymenoptera, the latter mostly Formicidae, forming groups of up to 300 individuals and coexisting with other species in the same leaf litter material. In general arthropods prefer colonising leaf litter material of collecting plants to the one of adjacent soil whereby the leaf litter material from palms along the slope is obviously favoured.
    [Show full text]
  • Vom Fachbereich Biologie Der Technischen Universität Darmstadt
    Parthenogenesis and Sexuality in Oribatid Mites Phylogeny, Mitochondrial Genome Structure and Resource Dependence vom Fachbereich Biologie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doctor rerum naturalium genehmigte Dissertation von Dipl.-Biol. Katja Domes-Wehner aus Frankfurt a. M. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Stefan Scheu Mitberichterstatter: PD Dr. Mark Maraun Tag der Einreichung: 02. März 2009 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 27. April 2009 Darmstadt 2009 D 17 For my family... ... and in remembrance of Walter Maier (*1933-†2004) ii “When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth.“ Sherlock Holmes “Daring ideas are like chessmen moved forward; they may be beaten, but they may start a winning game.” Johann Wolfgang von Goethe iii Curriculum Vitae Personal Data Name: Katja Domes-Wehner Address: Am Schlichter 26, 64546 Mörfelden-Walldorf Date of birth: 26.02.1980 Place of birth: Frankfurt/Main, Germany Scientific career 1986-1990 Bgm.-Klingler Primary School, Mörfelden 1990-1996 Secondary School, B.v.S.-Gesamtschule, Mörfelden-Walldorf 1996-1999 Grammar School, B.v.S.-Gesamtschule, Mörfelden-Walldorf 06. June 1999 “Abitur” (University entrance Diploma) 1999-2001 Basic study period of biology at the University of Technology, Darmstadt 2001-2004 Advanced study period of zoology, animal physiology and microbiology 30. June 2004 Diploma thesis: “Variability of the hsp82-locus of the parthenogenetic oribatid mite Platynothrus peltifer” Since 08/2004 PhD at the University of Technology, Institute of Zoology, AG Scheu, founded by the German Research Foundation (DFG: SCHE 376/19-1) Further education and stay abroads October 2004 Seminar „Security in genetic engineering”, Mainz May 2004 Visit of the laboratory of Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Mastigoproctus Giganteus Complex (Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae) of North America
    SYSTEMATIC REVISION OF THE GIANT VINEGAROONS OF THE MASTIGOPROCTUS GIGANTEUS COMPLEX (THELYPHONIDA: THELYPHONIDAE) OF NORTH AMERICA Diego Barrales-Alcalá Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Oscar F. Francke Colección Nacional de Arácnidos, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Lorenzo Prendini Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Number 418, 62 pp., 19 figures, 5 tables Issued February 1, 2018 Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 2018 ISSN 0003-0090 CONTENTS Abstract.............................................................................3 Introduction.........................................................................3 Material and Methods ................................................................6 Systematics ..........................................................................8 Family Thelyphonidae Lucas, 1835 . .8 Subfamily Mastigoproctinae Speijer, 1933 ...............................................8 Mastigoproctus Pocock, 1894...........................................................8 Key to Species of the Mastigoproctus giganteus complex . .9 Mastigoproctus giganteus (Lucas, 1835) .................................................10 Mastigoproctus floridanus Lönnberg, 1897, stat. nov. .....................................25
    [Show full text]