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This document is archival in nature and is intended Le présent document a une valeur archivistique et for those who wish to consult archival documents fait partie des documents d’archives rendus made available from the collection of Public Safety disponibles par Sécurité publique Canada à ceux Canada. qui souhaitent consulter ces documents issus de sa collection. Some of these documents are available in only one official language. Translation, to be provided Certains de ces documents ne sont disponibles by Public Safety Canada, is available upon que dans une langue officielle. Sécurité publique request. Canada fournira une traduction sur demande. ÉOUNTER - TERRORISM BIBLIOGRAPHY No 1988 - 14 Solicitor General Canada Ministry Secretariat f e-, A. Us; D.'\ c' L. , •' Q. e.. CL> "•-: ' -• C et 41) (:) Q.) t ,%« 1 rjZ.) -1.,-,, c:›,,è..-- cz.,.... .. J BRUCE gEANLANDS & . Q., , ,,, , if? e g -.'e, --tz›---- 6 e/ :)) k'z -t, , AND a '11e --(z. Ig88 JAMES DEACON L.. ....„ ., r zz-.-. J • co L- -2.) 1 POLICE RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION DIVISION, , .,!,_.::' -c "a ''s• -kz.--, POLICE AND SECURITY BRANCH .str 1_9 `Q.) ezb ny .... 1::' . '-e- -. cb -(4., .e. •te lz:, 4 c...,ér)41 ....i),---% .,., -,:,-..5-_1.-ti —. Q.)-e' cl- ei Q?c. ,,-0c,,,, À ---' « -6,T 1 à COUNTER - TERRORISM BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1 No 1988 - 14 This bibliography, prepared in 1988, is made available as submitted to the Ministry. The views expressed are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Ministry of the Solicitor General of Canada. This bibliography is available in French. Cette bibliographie est disponible en français. 1 Table of Contents Chapter Page INTRODUCTION SECTION I OVERVIEW 2 General 3 International 15 By Nation/Region 18 II DIPLOMACY 30 General 31 By Nation/Region 32 III LEGAL APPROACHES 35 General 36 International 40 By Nation/Region 49 IV INTELLIGENCE APPROACHES 58 General 59 By Nation/Region 63 V LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACHES 76 General 77 International 79 By Nation/Region 80 VI MILITARY APPROACHES 84 General 85 International 88 By Nation 88 VII RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 94 General 95 VIII POLITIC S/PHILOS OHPY 99 General 100 International 103 By Nation/Region 109 By Terrorist Organization 152 1 IX MEDIA 167 General 168 International 177 By Nation/Region 178 X PSYHOLOGY/SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 182 General 183 By Terrorist Organization 192 XI TRENDS/TACTICS OF TERRORISM 195 General 196 International 204 By Nation/Region 209 By Terrorist Organization 221 SECTION II XII OVERVIEW 227 General 228 Technology/Information - Communication Services 231 Private Citizens/Corporations 231 Tactic/Threat 233 Private Property/Corporation/Individual 233 Military 234 Transportation Facilities 235 Technology/Information - Communication Services 235 Diplomats/Embassies/Politicians 235 Response/Prevention 236 Transportation Facilities 236 Technology/Information - Communication Services 238 Diplomats/Embassies/Politicians 239 Police/Law Enforcement 240 Military 241 Private Citizens/Corporations 242 XIII INTELLIGENCE/COUNTERINTELLIGENCE 246 General 247 International 250 Tactic/Threat 250 ComputersfTechnology 252 Response/Prevention 252 Military 255 XIV INTERROGATION 256 General 257 Response/Prevention 258 XV PHYSICAL SECURITY 263 General 264 XVI ARMED ATTACK/EMBASSY SEIZURE 268 General 269 Tactic/Threat 269 Response/Prevention 270 XVII ASSASSINATION 271 General 272 Tactic/Threat 273 Response/Prevention 274 XVIII BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL AGENTS 275 General 276 Tactic/Threat 276 Response/Prevention 277 Police/Law Enforcement 278 XIX EXPLOSIVES 279 General 280 Tactic/Threat 281 Transportation Facilities 282 Response/Prevention 282 XX HIJACKING 284 General 285 Tactic/Threat 289 Response/Prevention 289 XXI HOSTAGE - TAKING 293 General 294 Tactic/Threat 297 Diplomats/Embassies/Politicians 297 Response/Prevention 297 Diplomats/Embassies/Politicians 301 Police/Law Enforcement 302 Private Citizens/Corporations 303 XXII KIDNAPPING 304 General 305 Tactic/Threat 306 Private Property/Corporations/Individuals 306 Diplomats/Embassies/Politicians 306 Response/Prevention 306 Diplomats/Embassies/Politicians 307 Private Citizens/Corporations/Individuals 308 XXIII NUCLEAR TERRORISM 309 General 310 Tactic/Threat 313 Response/Prevention 316 XXIV RISK ASSESSMENT 318 General 319 XXV CRISIS MANAGEMENT 321 General 322 APPENDIX A 327 APPENDIX B 331 APPENDIX C 333 APPENDIX D 338 Nation / Region Index 356 i INTRODUCTION This bibliography is a guide to publically available material of value to those interested in the area of counter-terrorism. For the purpose of this document, counter-terrorism includes efforts to control and prevent terrorism at the policy and the operational levels. The material in the bibliography deals with issues respecting national and international developments in counter-terrorism policy, and with the operations and threats faced by counter-terrorism establishments. Also included are references discussing the ideologies of terrorist groups and their sponsor states, along with treatments of the psychological and social characteristics which define terrorists, terrorist groups and the contexts within which terrorists operate. References have been entered on computer diskettes to facilitate updating of the bibliography. The location of a source, the headings under which it is listed, its year of publication, author, title, or any combination of these may be searched. The bibliography is divided into two sections. SECTION I deals with general approaches and issues concerning counter-terrorism, where SECTION II focuses on the tactical variations of terrorism, their control, and prevention. Each section has a number of primary headings, with each primary heading forming one chapter. Within each primary heading, there is a subdivision into secondary headings and, if warranted, into nation/region or tertiary headings. Every reference is coded numerically and entered into the database with a specific set of codes defining its place in the bibliography. The coding format is displayed in Appendix A. The subdivision within each chapter reflects a narrowing of focus as the material becomes more oriented to substantive concerns. The secondary headings General, By Nation/Region, International, and By Terrorist Organization are used in Section I. The General heading refers to material that maintains a broad, sometimes abstract discussion in the area covered by the primary heading. The headings International and By Nation/Region indicate material pertaining to the international forum or to a specific nation-state or region, respectively. Where the secondary heading is By Nation/Region, a further subdivision occurs with the listing of which nation or region is being discussed. The Section I secondary heading, By Terrorist Organization, is only connected with the primary headings Political Conflict/Philosophy, Psychology/Social Psychology and Trends/Tactics of Terrorism. These three primary.headings are the only ones which contain material relating to terrorist groups. When the By Nation/Region heading is used, a code is supplied to specify the nation or area or origin of the terrorist group. These are typical examples of codes for a Section I reference: Police Approaches [50] - By Nation/Region [30] - Canada [112], or Trends/Tactics of Terrorism [110] - By Terrorist Organization [40] - Great Britain [132]. The subdivision by secondary headings in Section II includes the General heading (which has the same purpose here as it does in Section I), and the headings Tactic/Threat and Response/Prevention. These last two headings take material pertaining to a Section II primary heading, such as Hijacking, and allocate each reference according to whether it discusses the nature of the threat posed or the control options ii available to the agencies dealing with the threat. Tertiary headings are used in Section II to specify the target of the threat or the particular agency responding to the threat. These tertiary headings, as do the By Nation/Region headings in Section I, represent the final level of narrowing of focus in the bibliography. For example, a reference relating to police procedures in cases of hijacking is coded as follows: Hijacking [250] - Response/Prevention [60] - Police/Law Enforcement [70]. For the most part, the content of the bibliography is restricted to material published after 1975. In the case of notable works or where there is a lack of recent material in a certain area, references published before 1975 are included. This bibliography does not incorporate newspaper or magazine articles, policy statements or speeches (with rare exceptions). References were selected in three manners. The first method entailed using Library of Congress subject headings