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The Reception of Arabic-Language Works Translated Into English and Published in the U.S

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The Reception of Arabic-Language Works Translated Into English and Published in the U.S THE RECEPTION OF ARABIC-LANGUAGE WORKS TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH AND PUBLISHED IN THE U.S. BEFORE AND AFTER SEPTEMBER 11 A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Bilal Najeh Sayaheen May, 2015 © Copyright by Bilal Najeh Sayaheen All Rights Reserved ii Dissertation written by Bilal Najeh Sayaheen BA., Yarmouk University, Jordan, 2005 MA., Yarmouk University, Jordan, 2009 Approved by __________________________________, Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. Richard Kelly Washbourne (advisor) __________________________________, Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. Sue Ellen Wright __________________________________, Dr. Erik Angelone __________________________________, Dr. Abed el-Rahman Tayyara __________________________________, Accepted by __________________________________, Acting Chair, Modern and Classical language Studies Dr. Patrick Gallagher __________________________________, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Dr. James Blank iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………………............... LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………………………. DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………………............... ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………............... 1. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: ARABIC, ARABIC LITERATURE, SEPTEMBER 11 AND TRANSLATION............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.2. Translated Works in the U.S.……………………………………………………………. 4 1.3. Arabic and Arabic Literature in the U.S…………………………………………............ 6 1.4. The Impact of September 11 on Translation and Arabic…………….………………… 13 1.5. Research Problem……………………………………………………………………… 15 1.6. Research Questions……………………………………………………………….......... 19 1.7. Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………. 20 2. CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………………………..…………. 23 2.1. Descriptive Translation Studies and Polysystem Theories……………………….......... 24 2.2. The Social Turn in Translation Studies………………………………………………... 30 2.3. Bourdieu’s Main Concepts……………………………………………………….......... 36 2.4. Publishing Theories……………………………………………………………………. 39 2.5. Paratext in Translation Studies………………………………………………………… 50 3. CHAPTER3: METHODOLOGY........................................................................................... 55 3.1. Qualitative Data………………………………………………………………………... 55 3.2. Quantitative Data………………………………………………………………………. 55 iv 3.2.1. Surveys………………………………………………………………………….. 55 3.2.1.1. Publishers’ Survey………………………...………………………….......... 56 3.2.1.2. Translators’ Survey………..……………………………………………….. 57 3.3. Statistics………………………………………………………………………………... 57 3.4. Data Analysis…………………………………………………………………………... 58 4. CHAPTER 4: THE ROLE OF CULTURAL FACTORS IN THE RECEPTION OF ARABIC TRANSLATED WORKS PUBLISHED IN THE U.S. BEFORE AND AFTER SEPTEMBER 11……………………………………………………………….…………... 60 4.1. Functions of Paratext…………………………………………………………………... 61 4.2. Data Analysis…………………………………………………..…………..…………... 68 4.3. Pre-September 11 Literary Works……………………………………………………... 69 4.3.1. Midaq Alley by Naguib Mahfouz…………….…………………………………. 69 4.3.1.1. Authors’ Voice............................................................................................... 70 4.3.1.2. Translator’s Voice…………………………………………………….......... 70 4.3.1.3. Other Voices………………………………………………………….......... 72 4.3.1.3.1. Other Voices Peritext………………………………………….......... 73 4.3.1.3.2. Other Voices Epitext………………………………………………... 75 4.3.2. Memories of a Woman Doctor: A Novel by Nawal El Saadawi………………... 77 4.3.2.1. Author’s Voice……………………………………………………………... 78 4.3.2.2. Translator’s Voice…………………………………………………….......... 79 4.3.2.3. Other Voices………………………………………………………….......... 79 4.3.2.3.1. Other Voices Peritext………………………………………….......... 79 4.3.2.3.2. Other Voices Epitext………………….…………………………….. 80 v 4.3.3. Little Mountain by Elias Khoury………………………………………….......... 81 4.3.3.1. Author’s Voice……………………………………………………………... 82 4.3.3.2. Translator’s Voice…………………………………………………….......... 82 4.3.3.3. Other Voices……………...………………………………………………... 82 4.3.3.3.1. Other Voices Peritext………………………………………….......... 82 4.3.3.3.2. Other Voices Epitext………………………………………………... 87 4.3.4. Year of the Elephant by Leila Abouzeid………………………………………... 87 4.3.4.1. Author’s Voice………...…………………………………………………… 88 4.3.4.2. Translator’s Voice…………………………………………………….......... 89 4.3.4.3. Other Voices…………...…………………………………………………... 89 4.3.4.3.1. Other Voices Peritext………………………………………….......... 89 4.3.4.3.2. Other Voices Epitext………………………………………………... 90 4.4. Pre-September 11 Non-Literary Works:………………………………………….......... 92 4.4.1. Qaddafi’s Green Book…………………………………………………….......... 93 4.4.1.1. Author’s Voices……………………………………………………………. 93 4.4.1.2. Translator’s Voice…………………………………………………….......... 94 4.4.1.3. Other Voices………………………………………………………….......... 94 4.4.1.3.1. Other Voices Peritext………………………………………….......... 94 4.4.1.3.2. Other Voices Epitext………………………………………………... 96 4.4.2. Readings in The Quran…………………………………………...……….......... 97 4.4.2.1. Author’s Voice……………………………………………………………... 98 4.4.2.2. Translator’s Voice…………………………………………………….......... 98 4.4.2.3. Other Voices……...………………………………………………………. 101 vi 4.4.2.3.1. Other Voices Peritext…………………………...……………......... 101 4.4.2.3.2. Other Voices Epitext………………………………………………. 101 4.4.3. The Perfumed Garden of Cheikh Nefzaoui: A Manual of Arabian Erotology………………………………………………………………………. 102 4.4.3.1. Author’s Voice……...…………………………………………………….. 103 4.4.3.2. Translator’s Voice…………………………...……………………………. 103 4.4.3.3. Other Voices…………...…………………………………………………. 105 4.4.3.3.1. Other Voices Peritext…………………………………………........ 105 4.4.3.3.2. Other Voices Epitext………………………………………………. 105 4.4.4. Ibn Al-Jazzar on Fevers……………………………………………………….. 107 4.4.4.1. Author’s Voice……...…………………………………………………….. 108 4.4.4.2. Translator’s Voice……...…………………………………………………. 109 4.4.4.3. Other Voices…………………………………………………………........ 110 4.4.4.3.1. Other Voices Peritext…………………………………………........ 110 4.4.4.3.2. Other Voices Epitext………………………………………………. 110 4.5. Post-September 11 Literary Works………………………………………………........ 111 4.5.1. The Bleeding of The Stone by Ibrahim Al-Koni……….…………………........ 111 4.5.1.1. Author’s Voice……………………………………………………………. 111 4.5.1.2. Translator’s Voice……………………………………………………........ 112 4.5.1.3. Other Voices…………………………………………………………........ 112 4.5.1.3.1. Other Voices Peritext…………………………………………........ 112 4.5.1.3.2. Other Voices Epitext………………………………………………. 112 4.5.2. The Secret Life of Saeed the Pessoptimist by Emil Habib……………….……. 114 4.5.2.1. Author’s Voice……………………………………………………………. 115 vii 4.5.2.2. Translator’s Voice……………………………………………………........ 115 4.5.2.3. Other Voices…………………………………………………………........ 115 4.5.2.3.1. Other Voices Peritext.……………………………………………... 116 4.5.2.3.2. Other Voices Epitext. ……………………………………………... 118 4.5.3. B as in Beirut by Iman Humaydan Younes………………………………........ 119 4.5.3.1. Author’s Voice …………...………………………………………………. 120 4.5.3.2. Translator’s Voice …………...………………………………………........ 120 4.5.3.3. Other Voice …………………………………...………………………….. 120 4.5.3.3.1. Other Voices Peritext ……………………………………………... 120 4.5.3.3.2. Other Voices Epitext …………………………………………........ 120 4.5.4. Girls of Riyadh by Rajaa Alsanea……………………………………………... 122 4.5.4.1. Author’s Voice …………………………...………………………………. 123 4.5.4.2. Translator’s Voice ………………………………………...…………........ 123 4.5.4.3. Other Voices ……………………………………………...…………........ 123 4.5.4.3.1. Other Voices Peritext ……………………………....……………... 124 4.5.4.3.2. Other Voices Epitext …………………………………………........ 124 4.6. Post-September 11 Non-Literary Works……………………………………………... 127 4.6.1. Moral teachings of Islam: Prophetic Traditions from Al-Adab Al- Mufrad…………………………………………………………………………. 127 4.6.1.1. Author’s Voice……………………………………………………………. 128 4.6.1.2. Translator’s Voice ………………………………………………………... 128 4.6.1.3. Other Voices ……………………………………...…………………........ 130 4.6.1.3.1. Other Voices Peritext ……………………………………………... 130 viii 4.6.1.3.2. Other Voices Epitext …………………………………………........ 130 4.6.2. Averroes on Plato’s Republic…………………………………………………. 132 4.6.2.1. Author’s Voice ……………………………………...……………………. 133 4.6.2.2. Translator’s Voice ………………………………………………...…........ 133 4.6.2.3. Other Voices …………………...……………………………………........ 134 4.6.2.3.1. Other Voices Peritext ……………………………………………... 134 4.6.2.3.2. Other Voices Epitext …………………………………………........ 134 4.6.3. Thura's Diary: My Life in Wartime Iraq………………………...............…….. 135 4.6.3.1. Author’s Voice ……………………………………………………...……. 132 4.6.3.2. Translator’s Voice …………...………………………………………........ 136 4.6.3.3. Other Voices ………………………...………………………………........ 136 4.6.3.3.1. Other Voices Peritext ……………………………………………... 136 4.6.3.3.2. Other Voices Epitext …………………………………………........ 136 4.6.4. Osama Bin Laden: America's Enemy in his Own Words…………………..….. 139 4.6.4.1. Author’s Voice………………………………………………………...….. 139 4.6.4.2. Translator’s Voice …………………………………………………........... 139 4.6.4.3. Other Voices …………………………………………………………....... 143 4.6.4.3.1. Other Voices Peritext ……………………………………………... 143 4.6.4.3.2. Other Voices Epitext …………………………………………........ 143 4.7. Conclusion and Results……………………………………………………………….. 145 5. CHAPTER 5: THE ROLE OF HUMAN AGENTS IN THE RECEPTION OF TRANSLATED WORKS PUBLISHED BEFORE AND AFTER 9/11………………….. 149 5.1. The Role of the Main Human Agents……………………………………………........ 149 ix 5.1.1. Authors……………………………………………………………………........ 149 5.1.1.1. Paratextual Analysis………………………………………………………. 150 5.1.1.2.
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