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04. NOV 2015 Iasbaba-Yoj+Kur Gist

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04. NOV 2015 Iasbaba-Yoj+Kur Gist www.facebook.com/groups/abwf4india Facebook Group: Indian Administrative Service ( Raz Kr) RazKr [Live] - https://telegram.me/RazKrLive 1 | P a g e www.IASbaba.com www.facebook.com/groups/abwf4india Facebook Group: Indian Administrative Service ( Raz Kr) RazKr [Live] - https://telegram.me/RazKrLive 2 | P a g e Preface This is our 8th edition of Yojana Gist released for the month of November, 2015 on Transport and related issues. Yet the message delivered in the last edition remains the same. Yojana magazine (released by Ministry of I&B) is increasingly finding a place in the questions of both UPSC Prelims and Mains. Every Issue of Yojana deals with a single topic comprehensively sharing views from a wide spectrum ranging from academicians to policy makers to scholars. The magazine is essential to build an in-depth understanding of various socio-economic issues. From the exam point of view, however, not all articles are important. Some go into scholarly depths and others discuss agendas that are not relevant for your preparation. Added to this is the difficulty of going through a large volume of information, facts and analysis to finally extract their essence that may be useful for the exam. We are not discouraging from reading the magazine itself. So, do not take this as a document which you take read, remember and reproduce in the examination. Its only purpose is to equip you with the right understanding. But, if you do not have enough time to go through each and every Yojana magazine, you can rely on the content provided here for it sums up the most essential points from all the articles in Yojana. You need not put hours and hours in reading Yojana and making its notes in pages. We believe, a smart study, rather than hard study, of Yojana can improve your preparation levels. Think, learn, practice and keep improving! That is the key to success www.IASbaba.com www.facebook.com/groups/abwf4india Facebook Group: Indian Administrative Service ( Raz Kr) RazKr [Live] - https://telegram.me/RazKrLive 3 | P a g e SUMMARY OF YOJANA-November, 2015 URBAN TRANSPORT Facts on urban transport Urban transport has got attention first time in the 10th FYP with National Urban Transport Policy, 2006. National Urban Transport Policy, 2006 objective: “Sustainable Urban Transport” i.e. a shift from personal to public and non-motorized transport. The growth rate in the number of vehicles has been much faster than that of population in urban areas in the country. Rapid growth in motor vehicles reduced the share of public transport vehicles like buses and metro rails. A bus carries 4.5 times more passengers as compared to a car in urban areas. AMRUT and Smart City Mission focuses on efficient public transport like buses as one of the important components in developing urban transport. What are the impacts of rapid motorization? Congestion Reduced travel speeds Threat to safety Air pollution Increase in energy consumption New options for urban transport Bus Rapid Transit Systems (At present, only 7 BRTS projects operational in the country) Metro Rail Non motor transport E-rickshaws Intelligent Transportation Systems – Traffic/Transport Management Applications Use of alternate fuels like Biogas Use of Electric Vehicles Innovative methods of financing infrastructure for urban transport like additional tax on gasoline, increasing parking fees etc. Urban transport planning should be “people” focused rather than “engineering” focused. www.IASbaba.com www.facebook.com/groups/abwf4india Facebook Group: Indian Administrative Service ( Raz Kr) RazKr [Live] - https://telegram.me/RazKrLive 4 | P a g e SMART PORTS FOR SAGARMALA Sagarmala – An ambitious project which aims at “port-led” economic development The project can realise its goal if the existing ports are transformed into “Smart Ports” At present there are 180 ports (small and big) in the country Of these, only 12 are major ports which are government owned ports These major ports operate as Trusts under the Major Ports Trust Act, 1963, except for the Port of Ennore, which is a company under the Companies Act There are legacy issues with these govt owned major ports- They do not keep pace with emerging technology, requirements of international trade, emerging trends in containerisation, flexible rules, size of ships etc. This model of port being operated as a trust is widely believed to be unsustainable What can be done to make our ports smart Ports should be registered as Companies under Companies Act The port administration should only look after the provisions of infrastructure and safety and not day-to-day running of the port The excess human resource should be retrained and redeployed Pension liabilities should be reduced Large tracts of land lying vacant in some ports like Mumbai, Kolkata, and Kandla ports should be put to use There is a crying need to bring accountability in the port administration To be more competitive, ports should be well coordinated with railways, customs, health, environment and other departments of the government There is still no regulation to control the trade practices. Hence, there is a dire need to introduce a regulatory architecture that takes care of ex-ante declaration of rates of services. Several ports like NhavaSheva Mumbai, Adani port at Mundra and Kandla port have set up SEZ’s to back their industrial demand mechanism and internationalization www.IASbaba.com www.facebook.com/groups/abwf4india Facebook Group: Indian Administrative Service ( Raz Kr) RazKr [Live] - https://telegram.me/RazKrLive 5 | P a g e GREEN TRANSPORT What is Green Transport? Any kind of transportation that is eco-friendly and does not have negative impacts on the environment Use of renewable energy for transport like Solar, Wind, Electricity, Bio-Fuels etc. Conceptually, the ‘green’ element of a transport system can be measured in three ways: i. Energy-efficiency ii. Carbon-intensity iii. Extent to which it produces local pollutants that are harmful to human health Green Transport Hierarchy It enlists the hierarchy of modes of green transportation. The best green transportation used is by the walking pedestrian which occupies largest portion and the least green being the single occupant vehicles which is the smallest portion. PEDESTRIANS BICYCLES PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE AND FREIGHT VEHICLES TAXIS MULTIPLE OCCUPANT VEHICLES SINGLE OCCUPANT VEHICLE www.IASbaba.com www.facebook.com/groups/abwf4india Facebook Group: Indian Administrative Service ( Raz Kr) RazKr [Live] - https://telegram.me/RazKrLive 6 | P a g e Need for green transport With increasing number of vehicles, air quality and public health is deteriorating The problem is exacerbated with the coming of diesel cars Sulphur levels in fuel remain high, well above the maximum of 10 ppm required for the best clean vehicle technologies to function optimally Most of the Indian cities are still following Bharat Stage III norms; only few cities have adopted Bharat Stage IV norms Central Pollution Control Board identified in 2008 that around 70 cities are not complying with the emission standards Green Highways (Plantation, Transplantation, Beautification & Maintenance) Policy, 2015 AIM: To promote greening of the highway corridors 1 per cent of the total project cost of all highways will be kept for the highway plantation and its maintenance The NHAI will act as a fund manager for maintaining a green fund The policy will generate employment opportunities for about 5 lakh people from rural areas There will be strong monitoring mechanism in place by using ISRO’s GAGAN and BHUVAN satellite systems Way forward Clear, strict Recall policies and punitive measures for non-compliant vehicles and fuels It should be made compulsory that a new Auto Fuel Policy Committee be formed every five years, as recommended by Mashelkar Committee in 2003 but it has not yet been implemented. Any urban transport plan should integrate non-motorized transport as an integral part, as recommended by Kirit Parikh Committee on Low Carbon Strategies for Inclusive Growth. Once non-motorized transport is facilitated and public transport is provided, parking fees should be raised to reflect adequately the social cost of congestion Enough space should be provided for pedestrians, pavements, cycle paths Dedicated and non-lapsable Urban Transport Funds (UTF) should be set up at national, state and city levels Implementation of Green Highways Policy www.IASbaba.com www.facebook.com/groups/abwf4india Facebook Group: Indian Administrative Service ( Raz Kr) RazKr [Live] - https://telegram.me/RazKrLive 7 | P a g e Statistics related to the transport sector and its impact Transportation accounts for almost 23 per cent of world’s total carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion Of these total CO2 emissions, road transport accounts for 75 per cent oil; this corresponds to 69 per cent of world’s total oil consumption The transport sector accounts for nearly 18 per cent of the total energy consumed in India, second only to the industrial sector. Nearly 98 per cent of the energy needs of transportation are met through petroleum products, and almost half of the total consumption of petroleum products in India occurs on account of transport activities. IMPACT OF TRANSPORT IN 3 DIMENSIONS DIMENSION PERSPECTIVE-IMPACT Improvements in mobility brings welfare, Economic Efficiency accessibility to jobs and services, and support to economic growth Reduce energy intensity Environmental Sustainability Reduce GHG emissions Reduce particulate matter emissions Enhanced access to basic services Social Sustainability Protection from harm www.IASbaba.com www.facebook.com/groups/abwf4india Facebook Group: Indian Administrative Service ( Raz Kr) RazKr [Live] - https://telegram.me/RazKrLive 8 | P a g e INDIAN RAILWAYS Indian Railways is the third largest transportation and logistics network of the world operating 21000 trains per day. Energy consumed by Railways is one sixth of corresponding energy consumed on road traffic The biggest challenge facing Indian Railways today is its inability to meet the demands of its customers, both freight and passengers.
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