DOCSLIB.ORG

Installation Guide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Installation Guide Ubuntu Installation Guide Ubuntu Installation Guide Copyright © 2004 – 2020 the Debian Installer team Copyright © 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2015, 2018 Canonical Ltd. This document contains installation instructions for the Ubuntu 20.04 system (codename “‘Focal Fossa’”), for the 64-bit PC (“amd64”) architecture. It also contains pointers to more information and information on how to make the most of your new Ubuntu system. This manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Please refer to the license in Appendix F. Table of Contents Installing Ubuntu 20.04 “Focal Fossa” For amd64..........................................................................x 1. Welcome to Ubuntu ........................................................................................................................1 1.1. What is Ubuntu?...................................................................................................................1 1.1.1. Sponsorship by Canonical .......................................................................................1 1.2. What is Debian? ...................................................................................................................1 1.2.1. Ubuntu and Debian..................................................................................................2 1.2.1.1. Package selection........................................................................................2 1.2.1.2. Releases.......................................................................................................3 1.2.1.3. Development community............................................................................3 1.2.1.4. Freedom and Philosophy.............................................................................3 1.2.1.5. Ubuntu and other Debian derivatives..........................................................4 1.3. What is GNU/Linux? ...........................................................................................................4 1.4. Getting Ubuntu.....................................................................................................................5 1.5. Getting the Newest Version of This Document....................................................................5 1.6. Organization of This Document...........................................................................................5 1.7. Your Documentation Help is Welcome................................................................................6 1.8. About Copyrights and Software Licenses............................................................................6 2. System Requirements .....................................................................................................................8 2.1. Supported Hardware.............................................................................................................8 2.1.1. Supported Architectures ..........................................................................................8 2.1.2. CPU Support............................................................................................................8 2.1.3. Laptops ....................................................................................................................8 2.1.4. Multiple Processors .................................................................................................9 2.1.5. Graphics Hardware Support ....................................................................................9 2.1.6. Network Connectivity Hardware.............................................................................9 2.1.6.1. Wireless Network Cards .............................................................................9 2.1.7. Braille Displays .....................................................................................................10 2.1.8. Hardware Speech Synthesis ..................................................................................10 2.1.9. Peripherals and Other Hardware ...........................................................................10 2.2. Devices Requiring Firmware .............................................................................................10 2.3. Purchasing Hardware Specifically for GNU/Linux ...........................................................11 2.3.1. Avoid Proprietary or Closed Hardware .................................................................11 2.4. Installation Media ..............................................................................................................12 2.4.1. CD-ROM/DVD-ROM/BD-ROM ..........................................................................12 2.4.2. USB Memory Stick ...............................................................................................12 2.4.3. Network .................................................................................................................12 2.4.4. Hard Disk...............................................................................................................13 2.4.5. Un*x or GNU system ............................................................................................13 2.4.6. Supported Storage Systems ...................................................................................13 2.5. Memory and Disk Space Requirements.............................................................................13 3. Before Installing Ubuntu..............................................................................................................14 3.1. Overview of the Installation Process..................................................................................14 3.2. Back Up Your Existing Data!.............................................................................................15 3.3. Point release and HWE kernel ...........................................................................................15 3.4. Information You Will Need................................................................................................15 3.4.1. Documentation ......................................................................................................15 3.4.1.1. Installation Manual ...................................................................................15 3.4.1.2. Hardware documentation..........................................................................16 iii 3.4.2. Finding Sources of Hardware Information............................................................16 3.4.3. Hardware Compatibility ........................................................................................16 3.4.3.1. Testing hardware compatibility with a Live-System ................................18 3.4.4. Network Settings ...................................................................................................18 3.5. Meeting Minimum Hardware Requirements .....................................................................19 3.6. Pre-Partitioning for Multi-Boot Systems ...........................................................................20 3.7. Pre-Installation Hardware and Operating System Setup....................................................20 3.7.1. Invoking the BIOS Set-Up Menu ..........................................................................21 3.7.2. Boot Device Selection ...........................................................................................21 3.7.3. Systems with UEFI firmware ................................................................................21 3.7.4. Disabling the Windows 8 “fast boot” feature ........................................................22 3.7.5. Hardware Issues to Watch Out For........................................................................22 4. Obtaining System Installation Media .........................................................................................24 4.1. Official Ubuntu CD-ROMs ................................................................................................24 4.2. Downloading Files from Ubuntu Mirrors ..........................................................................24 4.2.1. Where to Find Installation Images ........................................................................24 4.3. Preparing Files for USB Memory Stick Booting ...............................................................24 4.3.1. Preparing a USB stick using a hybrid CD or DVD image ....................................25 4.3.2. Manually copying files to the USB stick...............................................................26 4.3.3. Manually copying files to the USB stick — the flexible way ...............................26 4.3.3.1. Partitioning the USB stick ........................................................................26 4.3.3.2. Adding the installer image........................................................................27 4.4. Preparing Files for Hard Disk Booting ..............................................................................27 4.4.1. Hard disk installer booting from Linux using LILO or GRUB............................28 4.5. Preparing Files for TFTP Net Booting...............................................................................28 4.5.1. Setting up a DHCP server......................................................................................28 4.5.1.1. Enabling PXE Booting in the DHCP configuration..................................29
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Los Angeles Lawyer October 2006 California Aon Attorneys’ Advantage Insurance Program Building the Foundation for Lawyers’ Protection ONE BLOCK at a TIME
    2006 California State Bar Meeting LACBA 2006-07Directory PULLOUT SECTION October 2006 / $4 EARN MCLE CREDIT Hidden Implications of Arbitration Clauses page 35 MEET andCONFER Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Michael L. Stern offers insight on the new local trial preparation rules page 26 PLUS Local Regulation of Alcohol Sales page 14 Fugitive Disentitlement page 44 Lawyers Who Use Macs page 53 THIS IS MY POST OFFICE. Download My Desktop Post OfficeTM at usps.com/smartbusiness Introducing the online shortcut that lets you pick and choose the services you use most at usps.com and access them instantly. Request pickups, ship, track packages and more. ©2006 United States Postal Service. Eagle symbol and logotype are registered trademarks of the United States Postal Service. *Over 50% of malpractice suits start with client communication, calendaring and deadline issues. Do you remember what you were doing three weeks ago at this time? Your client does. A MEMBER BENEFIT OF Time Matters® Manage your: Communications • Calendars • Deadlines • E-mail • To Dos • Conflict Checks • Matters • Billing For a demo disk at no cost† or more information call 800.328.2898 or go to lexisnexis.com/TMinfo *Law Practice Today, November 2005 †Some restrictions may apply. Offer ends 12/29/06. LexisNexis and the Knowledge Burst logo are registered trademarks of Reed Elsevier Properties Inc., used under license. Time Matters is a registered trademark of LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. AL9202 © 2006 LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. October 2006 Vol. 29, No. 7 26 Meet and Confer BY JUDGE MICHAEL L.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of the Underline As Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: a Case Study in Skeuomorphism
    The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Romano, John J. 2016. The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33797379 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Origins of the Underline as Visual Representation of the Hyperlink on the Web: A Case Study in Skeuomorphism John J Romano A Thesis in the Field of Visual Arts for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University November 2016 Abstract This thesis investigates the process by which the underline came to be used as the default signifier of hyperlinks on the World Wide Web. Created in 1990 by Tim Berners- Lee, the web quickly became the most used hypertext system in the world, and most browsers default to indicating hyperlinks with an underline. To answer the question of why the underline was chosen over competing demarcation techniques, the thesis applies the methods of history of technology and sociology of technology. Before the invention of the web, the underline–also known as the vinculum–was used in many contexts in writing systems; collecting entities together to form a whole and ascribing additional meaning to the content.
    [Show full text]
  • Active@ Boot Disk User Guide Copyright © 2008, LSOFT TECHNOLOGIES INC
    Active@ Boot Disk User Guide Copyright © 2008, LSOFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. All rights reserved. No part of this documentation may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation, transformation, or adaptation) without written permission from LSOFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. LSOFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. reserves the right to revise this documentation and to make changes in content from time to time without obligation on the part of LSOFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. to provide notification of such revision or change. LSOFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. provides this documentation without warranty of any kind, either implied or expressed, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. LSOFT may make improvements or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this documentation at any time. All technical data and computer software is commercial in nature and developed solely at private expense. As the User, or Installer/Administrator of this software, you agree not to remove or deface any portion of any legend provided on any licensed program or documentation contained in, or delivered to you in conjunction with, this User Guide. LSOFT.NET logo is a trademark of LSOFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. Other brand and product names may be registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. 2 Active@ Boot Disk User Guide Contents 1.0 Product Overview ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Illustrated Tutorial: Creating a Bootable USB Flash Drive for Windows XP
    Illustrated tutorial: Creating a bootable Version 1.0 February 15, 2007 USB flash drive for Windows XP By Greg Shultz The ability to boot Windows XP from a USB Flash Drive (UFD) offers endless possibilities. For example, you might make an easy-to-use troubleshooting tool for booting and analyzing seemingly dead PCs. Or you could transport your favorite applications back and forth from home to work without having to install them on both PCs. However, before you can create a bootable UFD, you must clear a few hurdles. You saw that one coming didn’t you? The first hurdle is having a PC in which the BIOS will allow you to configure the USB port to act as a bootable device. The second hurdle is having a UFD that that will work as a bootable device and that’s large enough and fast enough to boot an operating system such as Windows XP. The third hurdle is finding a way to condense and install Windows XP on a UFD. If you have a PC that was manufactured in the last several years, chances are that its BIOS will allow you to configure the USB port to act as a bootable device. If you have a good qual- ity UFD that’s at least 512 KB and that was manufactured in the last couple of years, you’ve probably cleared the second hurdle. And once you’ve cleared those first two hur- dles, the third one is a piece of cake. All you have to do is download and run some free soft- ware to create the bootable UFD.
    [Show full text]
  • Ubuntu Server for IBM Z and Linuxone
    Ubuntu Server for IBM Z and LinuxONE What’s New - June 2021 Frank Heimes, Tech. Lead Z, Canonical Ltd. Ubuntu on Big Iron: ubuntu-on-big-iron.blogspot.com Ubuntu Server for IBM Z and LinuxONE (s390x) Mission and Philosophy - In a nutshell Freedom to download Ubuntu - study, use, share, (re-)distribute, contribute, improve and innovate it! Mapped to Ubuntu Server for IBM Z and LinuxONE (s390x) - the goal is: ● to expand Ubuntu’s ease of use to the s390x architecture (IBM Z and LinuxONE) ● unlock new workloads, especially in the Open Source, Cloud and container space ● to tap into new client segments ● quickly exploit new features and components - in two ways: ○ promptly supporting new hardware ○ releases built and based on the latest kernels, tool-chain and optimized libraries ● provide parity across architectures, in terms of release and feature parity and closing gaps ● provide a uniform user experience and look-and-feel ● be part of the collective world-wide Open Source power in action ● deal with upstream work and code only - no forks ● offer a radically new subscription pricing with drawer-based pricing, or alternatively provide entry-level pricing based on up to 4 IFLs Release Cadence - Ubuntu https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ubuntu_releases 16.04 16.10 17.04 17.10 18.04 18.10 19.04 19.10 20.04 20.10 21.04 20.10 in development Ubuntu 20.04 LTS end-of-life 19.10 in service with s390x support 19.04 upgrade path 18.10 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 5 years ESM 17.10 17.04 18 months 16.10 5 years Ubuntu 16.04 LTS 5 years ESM Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) ● The codename for the current LTS (Long Term Support) release 18.04 is 'Bionic Beaver' or in short 'Bionic': https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/bionic ● Bionic Release Schedule: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/BionicBeaver/ReleaseSchedule Release date: April, 26th 2018 ● Updated major components: ○ Kernel 4.15 (linux-generic) + HWE kernels ○ docker.io 17.12.1 → 18.09.5 ○ Qemu-KVM 2.11.x / Libvirt (libvirt-bin) 4.0.0 ○ Open vSwitch 2.9 → 2.9.2 ○ LXD 3.0.0 (incl.
    [Show full text]
  • Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet
    Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet - Command line interface (as opposed to a GUI - graphical user interface) - Used to execute programs - Commands are small programs that do something useful - There are many commands already included with Windows, but we will use a few. - A filepath is where you are in the filesystem • C: is the C drive • C:\user\Documents is the Documents folder • C:\user\Documents\hello.c is a file in the Documents folder Command What it Does Usage dir Displays a list of a folder’s files dir (shows current folder) and subfolders dir myfolder cd Displays the name of the current cd filepath chdir directory or changes the current chdir filepath folder. cd .. (goes one directory up) md Creates a folder (directory) md folder-name mkdir mkdir folder-name rm Deletes a folder (directory) rm folder-name rmdir rmdir folder-name rm /s folder-name rmdir /s folder-name Note: if the folder isn’t empty, you must add the /s. copy Copies a file from one location to copy filepath-from filepath-to another move Moves file from one folder to move folder1\file.txt folder2\ another ren Changes the name of a file ren file1 file2 rename del Deletes one or more files del filename exit Exits batch script or current exit command control echo Used to display a message or to echo message turn off/on messages in batch scripts type Displays contents of a text file type myfile.txt fc Compares two files and displays fc file1 file2 the difference between them cls Clears the screen cls help Provides more details about help (lists all commands) DOS/Command Prompt help command commands Source: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754340.aspx.
    [Show full text]
  • Expression Definition FS.COMMAND Qualifier. Operates on a File System Command
    Expression Definition FS.COMMAND Qualifier. Operates on a file system command. The user can issue multiple commands on a file transfer portal. (For example, ls to list files or mkdir to create a directory). This expression returns the current action that the user is taking. Possible values: Neighbor, login, ls, get, put, rename, mkdir, rmdir, del, logout, any. Following is an example: Add authorization policy pol1 “fs.command eq login && (fs.user eq administrator || fs.serverip eq 10.102.88.221 –netmask 255.255.255.252)” allow FS.USER Returns the user who is logged on to the file system. FS.SERVER Returns the host name of the target server. In the following example, the string win2k3-88-22 is the server name: fs.server eq win2k3-88-221 FS.SERVERIP Returns the IP address of the target server. FS.SERVICE Returns a shared root directory on the file server. If a particular folder is exposed as shared, a user can directly log on to the specified first level folder. This first level folder is called a service. For example, in the path \\hostname\SERVICEX\ETC, SERVICEX is the service. As another example, if a user accesses the file \\hostname\service1\dir1\file1.doc, FS.SERVICE will return service1. Following is an example: fs.service notcontains New FS.DOMAIN Returns the domain name of the target server. FS.PATH Returns the complete path of the file being accessed. For example, if a user accesses the file \\hostname\service1\dir1\file1.doc, FS.PATHwill return \service\dir1\file1.doc. Following is an example: fs.path notcontains SSL Expression Definition FS.FILE Returns the name of the file being accessed.
    [Show full text]
  • Getestete Versionen Wine Debian Und Dessen Derivate (Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu, Knoppix, Etc) Redhat, Fedora, Centos Opensuse Mandr
    Wie kann die MSR-Software unter Linux verwendet FAQ werden ? MSR Electronics GmbH Getestete Versionen Gentoo Linux 2.6.34 64-Bit Wine 1.3.3 MSR PC-Software V5.10.18 → VERSION Wine Für den Betrieb der MSR PC-Software unter Linux ist die Software Wine1 erforderlich. Diese muss zuerst installiert werden. Für die verschiedenen Linux Distributionen wird dies mittels ver­ schiedener Kommandos getan. Debian und dessen Derivate (Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu, Knoppix, etc) Entweder die offiziellen Pakete der Distribution verwenden (oft veraltet): $ sudo apt-get install wine Oder die neusten Pakete der Wine Maintainer verwenden (empfohlen): $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa $ sudo apt-get updates $ sudo apt-get install wine1.3 RedHat, Fedora, CentOS Wine sollte sich in den offiziellen Quellen befinden. $ sudo yum install wine die Option --enablerepo=updates-testing erzwingt die neuste Version aus dem testing Repository: openSUSE Mittels YaST2 oder yum (siehe RedHat). Eventuell lohnt es sich auch, die neuste Version vom openSUSE Build Server herunterzuladen respektive diesen einzubinden, siehe dazu auch die entsprechende Webseite2. Mandriva Offizielle Version: $ su $ urpmi wine oder neuste Version von der Sourceforge Seite3. Gentoo $ emerge wine 1 Wine Is Not an Emulator: ist eine Windows-kompatible Laufzeitumgebung für POSIX-kompatible Betriebssyste­ me. Mit Wine ist es möglich, viele Programme, die für die Microsoft-Windows-Betriebssysteme kompiliert wur­ den, auch unter Unix mit dem X Window System laufen zu lassen. 2 http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Emulators:/Wine/ 3 http://sourceforge.net/projects/wine/files/Mandriva Packages/ Version 0.9 Draft 1/5 Wie kann die MSR-Software unter Linux verwendet FAQ werden ? MSR Electronics GmbH Eventuell funktionieren oben genannte Kommandos nicht unter allen Versionen der entspre­ chenden Distributionen.
    [Show full text]
  • Partition Wizard About Minitool Partition Wizard Minitool Partition Wizard Is an Easy-To-Use Partitioning Software with High Security and Efficiency
    MiniTool Partition Wizard About MiniTool Partition Wizard MiniTool Partition Wizard is an easy-to-use partitioning software with high security and efficiency. Due of its simple user interface, you can create, delete, format, move, and resize partitions with ease. What’s more, your data will always be protected when using MiniTool Partition Wizard to move and resize partitions. Main Functions of MiniTool Partition Wizard: Resize/ Move partitions Merge Partitions Create partitions Delete partitions Change Partition Label Delete all partitions Format partitions Change Cluster Size Convert file system Convert FAT to NTFS Convert NTFS to FAT Explore Partition Check Partitions Recovery Partition Wipe disk Wipe partition Copy partition Copy disks Initialize to MBR disk Initialize to GPT disk Align All Partitions Align Partition Convert MBR Disk to GPT Disk Convert GPT Disk to MBR Disk Dynamic Disk Create volume Delete Volume Format Volume Move/Resize Volume Wipe Volume Explore Volume Check File System Change Volume Label Change Volume Letter Change Volume Cluster Size Volume Properties MiniTool Partition Wizard Staring MiniTool Partition Wizard You can start MiniTool Partition Wizard from the Start menu in Windows Click Start menu > All Programs > MiniTool Partition Wizard xxx Edition > MiniTool Partition Wizard xxx Edition Xxx is your present edition of MiniTool Partition Wizard, Such as Home, Professional, Server, and Enterprise MiniTool Partition Wizard Hardware Requirements Minimum Hardware requirements: 500 MHz x86 or compatible CPU. 256mb RAM memory. Mouse and Keyboard. Recommended Hardware requirements: 1 GHz x86 or compatible CPU. 512mb RAM memory. Mouse and Keyboard. MiniTool Partition Wizard System Requirements Note: you should have access to administration while using Partition Wizard.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hot Seat Dear Linux Magazine Reader
    EDITORIAL Welcome THE HOT SEAT Dear Linux Magazine Reader, What’s the top distro on the famous Distrowatch page hit rank- They are staying pretty close to the script that everyone ing list? Not Ubuntu, OpenSUSE, or Fedora. According to Dis- guessed they were in since the beginning. To recap those early trowatch, the hottest Linux is none other than Linux Mint – an assessments: When Ubuntu showed up as a value-added desk- Ubuntu-based, community-driven desktop system that is top operating system back in 2004 – quickly putting a fork in known for easy of use and efficient out-of-the-box multimedia Xandros and Lindows/ Linspire because it was free rather sell- functionality. Mint has been around since 2006, and many ing for the $30-$40 going rate of the fledgling commercial desk- Linux users are familiar with it. We’ve put Mint discs on several top distros – industry experts guessed the real goal was to issues of this magazine (the latest being the issue that you are build a large market share and establish brand loyalty, then holding now). But Mint has found new appreciation recently. move into the server and corporate IT space, where they could Some are calling it the new Ubuntu, which seems a little bit of make some real money with tech support and other surround- an overstatement, since Mint is based on Ubuntu (kind of like ing services. calling CentOS “the new Red Hat”). Nevertheless, Mint has The first part of their plan went really well – it is hard to imag- been on something of a roll recently.
    [Show full text]
  • IBM Cognos Analytics - Reporting Version 11.1
    IBM Cognos Analytics - Reporting Version 11.1 User Guide IBM © Product Information This document applies to IBM Cognos Analytics version 11.1.0 and may also apply to subsequent releases. Copyright Licensed Materials - Property of IBM © Copyright IBM Corp. 2005, 2021. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. IBM, the IBM logo and ibm.com are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corp., registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies. A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the Web at " Copyright and trademark information " at www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml. The following terms are trademarks or registered trademarks of other companies: • Adobe, the Adobe logo, PostScript, and the PostScript logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, and/or other countries. • Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. • Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel SpeedStep, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. • Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. • UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. • Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Hardware
    Chapter Computer Hardware ENCE EXAM TOPICS COVERED IN 1 THIS CHAPTER: ✓ Computer hardware components ✓ The boot process ✓ Partitions ✓ File systems COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Computer forensics examiners deal most often with the media on which evidentiary data is stored. This includes, but is not lim- ited to, hard drives, CDs, DVDs, fl ash memory devices, smart phones, tablets, and even legacy fl oppies and tapes. Although these devices might be the bane of the examiner’s existence, media devices don’t exist in a void, and knowledge of a computer’s various components and functions is a must for the competent examiner. As an examiner, you may be called upon to explain how a computer functions to a jury. Doing so requires you know a computer’s function from a technical standpoint and that you can translate those technical concepts into real-world, easy-to-understand terms. As an examiner, you may also be subjected to a voir dire examination by opposing coun- sel to challenge your competence to testify. Acronyms are hardly in short supply in the fi eld of computing—some well-known and meaningful, others more obscure. Imagine being asked during such an examination to explain several of the common acronyms used with computers, such as RAM, CMOS, SCSI, BIOS, and POST. If you were to draw a blank on some obscure or even common acronym, picture its impact on your credibility. Some acronyms are difficult to remember because their meaning is often obscure or meaningless. A good example is TWAIN, which stands for T ech- nology W ithout a n I nteresting N ame.
    [Show full text]