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Hydrogeothermal Convective Systems of Ilidža Area Near Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Hydrogeothermal Convective Systems of Ilidža Area Near Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina PROCEEDINGS, Thirty-Eighth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, February 11-13, 2013 SGP-TR-198 HYDROGEOTHERMAL CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS OF ILIDŽA AREA NEAR SARAJEVO, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Neven Miošić1, Natalija Samardţić2, Hazim Hrvatović2 1 Dr. F. Bećirbegovića 19, 71000 Sarajevo, B&H 2Federal geological survey Sarajevo, Ustanička 11, 71210 Ilidţa, B&H e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] geothermal profile of terrain and the possibility of ABSTRACT determination of the aquifer with the temperature more than 58°C, which is the most important task in The wider area of place Ilidţa is characterized by a future research. Many indications point to the variety of lithology, tectonic complexity and existence of water temperature more than 58°C in the remarkable geomorphological phenomena, from primary aquifer and proven seismoactive levels of which result complexity of hydrogeological relations over 5 km depth give the same possibility of and the existence of many surface flows and descendence of meteoric waters and their heating in accumulations of various types of groundwaters. that depth. Drinking, mineral, thermal and thermomineral waters in karstic Triassic carbonate rocks and alluvium are INTRODUCTION concentrated at a distance of 3 km only from Ilidţa to Blaţuj. All waters have high capacities, verified Ilidţa area represents one of the richest zone of indications of quality with a broad range of different types of mineral, thermal and thermomineral applications. The Roman Emperor Diocletian had waters, potable groundwaters and surface water flows been treated here for ischialgia and name of Ilidţa in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ilidţa is located in the derives from Ottoman rule in Bosnia and central part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 8 km west of Herzegovina comes from the Turkish word ilaç (= Sarajevo with which it makes an urban whole, drug), which is clearly associated with healing situated in Sarajevo field, which is in the south and thermomineral waters of Ilidţa. west surrounded by the high mountains Treskavica, Bjelašnica and Igman and in the east Trebević, while Thermomineral waters of Ilidţa are the most to the southwest lies in the Middle Bosnian basin. important. There are 5 types of CO2 –H2S and CO2 waters with temperature of water from t = 20–58°C. River Bosnia flows through Ilidţa with the main H2S–CO2 water in the center of Ilidţa are surrounded tributaries Zujevina and Ţeljeznica and several by CO2 and thermal waters in the form of incomplete smaller tributaries. belts and around these the large zones of cold waters exist in Triassic karst and alluvium media. The total In the area of thermomineral springs in Ilidza existed yield of artesian flow of wells with CO2–H2S water a Roman colony under the name Aquae S ..., as with t =58° is about Q=260 l/s and a power of 50 evidenced by the mosaics and original stone plaque. MWtherm, referent to 10°C. The waters are of meteoric Inhabitants of Ilidţa have erected a monument to origin, prenuclear age and very slow circulation and their emperor Diocletian, apparently severe water exchange, CO2 is of hydrothermometamorphic rheumatist, which is kept in the National Museum in genesis. IB-10 well, made in 2004, 500 m only from Sarajevo, where it writes: "Imperatori Caesari Gaio the zone of CO2–H2S waters, with thermomineral Valerio Diocletiano, Pio, Felici, Invicto Augusto CO2–waters, depth of 1100 m, only one of all wells Aquae S...." ("To Emperor Caesar Gaius Valerius has separated different waters horizons with great Diocletianus, Pious, Happy, Invincible Augustus temperature inversion (t=38°C at 550 m, interval Aquae S....."). Absence of letters probably means 1002-1100 m, t=20°C, Qpump=86 l/s) and substantially Sulphurae (=sulphuric). According to the reduced mineralization and the content of CO2 along archaeological findings water were used over 2400 the depth. years B. C. The more it was explored in the past, Terrain of Ilidţa is characterized by diversity of hydrogeothermal model of Ilidţa waters is the more lithological composition, complexity of tectonic complex today. The new data of well IB-10 are even processes, a hallmark of geomorphological more unknown and becomes puzzling, especially in phenomena and the variability of the development of plausible deep geological and hydrometeorological factors, resulting in a complex hydrogeological relations and the existence of accumulations of cold drinking, thermal and Upper Triassic (T3) thermomineral waters. These layers cover considerable area on Igman and Bjelasnica, where they situated in the roof of the Hydrogeoterms of Ilidţa are formed in strongly middle-upper Triassic (T2,3). Upper Triassic is tectonized and karstified Triassic carbonate fracture- represented by limestones, occasionally with karst rocks which make many tectonic bocks. dolomite. The thickness of this member is about 700 m. Thermomineralal waters as the most important resource among hydrotermal resources were formed Jurassic-Cretaceous sediments (J, K) in different tectonic blocks from which in the Ilidza area and Blaţuj outflows in the alluvium in the small The sediments of this age have a local character only surface and have different temperature, and appear in the Presjenica, Vojkovići and even less mineralization, yield and hydraulic characteristics. on Bjelašnica and Igman mountains. They are mainly found wedged between rocks of Triassic age. GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS Upper Cretaceous (K2) Terrain of Ilidţa belongs to geotectonic unit of It stretches from Blaţuj to Rakovica in the form of Paleozoic schists and Mesozoic limestone of Interior flysch. It lies discordantly over Anisian limestones Dinarides. The terrain is built of Triassic, Jurassic- and dolomites. The thickness of these layers is up to Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary rocks in which 400 m. are expressed plicative and disjunctive tectonics. Busovačka fault zone is the most important tectonic Kosevo layers (1M ) element and other smaller faults, which have been 3 morph tectonically marked, reactivated in multiphase Koševo layers are stretched north of Blaţuj and river and they have expressed neotectonic activity today. Rakovica and in surrounding of Vogošća. Most of them are made of sandy marl, clay, and clay or Stratigraphy siltstones, alevrolites and limy sandstones. Koševo series has thickness of about 400 m. 1 2 Lower Triassic (T1 and T1 ) 2 "Orlac" conglomerates ( M3) Lower Triassic deposits are spread over a wider area These rocks occur in Sarajevo and along the right of Hadţići, Trebević, Kasindol and Vojkovići. Lower side of the river Miljacka. This series is a depth of Triassic layers are built of sandstones, schists, marls 100 - 200 m built of conglomerates, sandstones, and limestones with the thickness as a whole about marls and friable limestones. 600 m. 1 2 Quaternary (Q) Middle Triassic (T2 and T2 ) These layers are presented mainly by alluvial streams South and southeast of Ilidza Middle Triassic and river deposits (al) and terraces (t1, t2, t3,) and are carbonate deposits lie over the Lower Triassic built mostly of gravel and sand with clay. sediments. 1 Tectonics Anisian (T2 ) is built of massive and rarely dolomite and limestone in banks. The thickness of them is Rock masses are characterized by multiphase tectonic about 200 m. Anisian layers in the Sarajevo are activity with plicative and more expressed disjunctive covered by Neogene and Quaternary sediments, tectonics. The most significant element is Busovača which are cut by numerous faults. fault zone and numerous other minor faults. the following tectonic units are featured: Igman, 2 Ladinian deposits (T2 ) were found in the area Bjelasnica and Sarajevo-Zenica depression. Krupac, Igman and Trebević. They consist of a An anticline is let down at the foot of the Igman variety of sediments and are characterized by down to Busovača zone and the Sarajevo field stratification. Ladinian thickness is about 400 m. represents the unit, where Triassic carbonates are gradually lowered deep in the form of fault blocks and over them are deposited transgressive and Middle - Upper Triassic (T2,3) discordant Tertiary and Quaternary sediments. These deposits are widespread on Igman and Bjelašnica, consist of massive and thick bedded The wider area of Ilidţa consists from several limestone and dolomite. The thickness of this unit is structural-facial units: Bosnian schist mountains, 300 - 500 m. Bjelašnica – Igman and Mid Bosnian depression i.e. Sarajevo-Zenica basin. Area of Ilidza belongs to Sarajevo-Zenica basin. The hydrogeological massif Bjelašnica and eruptive sediments of this basin are faulted with sin and anti massif of plutonic rocks and Paleozoic schists of forms. Southwestern part of the basin is let down Middle Bosnia. These structures are in mutual fault along the "Busovača fault zone." contact, and genesis of the water is complex. West of Blaţuj until Busovača there is not any spring of The minor tectonic unit Hadţići belongs to highest thermomineral waters but only carbon-acid mineral horizons of Mid Bosnian Schist Mountains. The springs, with CO2, indicates the deep descending and formations of these units are due to tectonic pressures ascension of waters in Ilidţa only. folded especially from the southeast, broken into blocks as independent structural units. Through this CO2-H2S thermoineral waters exist in Ilidza only in unit is partly drawn tectonic Igman unit. Tectonic B&H and they are the spring waters with highest
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