Life and Health for 1909

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Every advantage of a thoroughly equipped medical institution combined with the conveniences of a modern hotel. Physicians of long experience in general practise and surgery. Well-trained nurses of both sexes; polite and agree- able attendants. Delightful climate the year round. Beauti- ful mountain scenery. No contagious or infectious diseases admitted. Write for large illustrated descriptive booklet.

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When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' ad in LIFE AND HEALTH." The Atlanta Sanitarium I s situated on a quiet street in the residence portion of the city of Atlanta, which possesses a temperate climate of remarkable healthful- ness. A beautiful park of 140 acres is within five minutes' walk of the Sanitarium. With modern equipment, experienced physician, and skilful nurses of both sexes, the in- titution is prepared to train the sick back to health. Spe- cial attention paid to diet. No contagious or objection- able diseases received for treatment in the institution. The institution makes use of physiological therapeutics, including Hydrotherapy, Me- chanotherapy, Massage, Swedish Movements, and Physical Culture, Electric-Light Baths, Hydro-Electric Baths, and Electricity. The management aims to make of the institution a retreat where not only scientific physical aid may be rendered to the ,ick, but where peaceful associations of a home may be enjoyed by the patient, For further information address ATLANTA S. D. A. SANITARIUM, 243 S. BOULEVARD, ATLANTA, GA.

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When you write to our advertisers, please say. " I saw your ' ad.' In I.IFE AND HEALTH." The season is approaching when pneu- LIFE AND HEALTH monia will stalk abroad in the land, mowing down people right and left. AIM: To assist in the physical, mental, and moral uplift Dr. H. F. Rand will tell, in the next of humanity through the individual and the home. issue, how and why simple treatment Gao. H. HIALD, M. D. — Editor is more natural and more effective in this disease than drugs. His article will also G. A HARK, M. S., M. D. t - Associate Editors D. H. Kansa, M. D. give important information regarding the Subscription Price $1.00 a year prevention of pneumonia. To Foreign Countries $1.25 " During the summer, windows are Money orders payable to Washington, D. C. kept open day and night, and we have fresh air in abundance ; but as cool Published monthly by REVIEW & HERALD PUBLISHING ASSN. weather conies on, there is a tendency TAKOMA PARK STATION, WASHINGTON. D. C., U. S. A. to economize fuel by closing the win-

Entered as second class matter June 24, 1904, at dows. This issue contains an article on the post-office at Washington, D. C., under the Act how to sleep comfortably in the fresh of Congress of March 3, 1879. air during the cold months. In the Next Unsolicited manuscript, if rejected, is not re- turned unless accompanied by return postage. issue E. C. Jaeger, who has contributed All matter pertaining to subscriptions, renewals, advertisements, or other business should be ad- a number of articles to parents, has a dressed to Life and Health, Takoma Park, Wash- !ngton, D. C. message on " Fresh Air as a Cure." Manuscript and correspondence relative thereto should be addressed to the editor. Those who read Mr. Lome's article Questions or correspondence relative to any of in this issue, " Physical Culture : What the departments should be sent to the head of that department. It Is, and What ft Is Not," will want his next illustrated article, " Physical Question Department The editor can not treat patients by mail. Culture for General Development." Those who are seriously ill need the services of a physician to make a personal examination and Mr. Lome deals, not in theories and watch the progress of the case. But he will, in reply to questions, give brief glittering generalities, but in facts and general directions or state healthful principles on the following conditions: — practical directions. 1. That questions are WRITTEN ON A SEPA- RATE SHEET addressed to the editor, and not Dr. Mason's forthcoming article, mixed in with business matters. 2. That they are LEGIBLE AND TO THE " The Moderate Drinker," which takes POINT; long letters most likely go into the waste- basket without reply. issue with the proposition that the evil 3. That the request is ACCOMPANIED BY RE- TURN POSTAGE. lies in the abuse and not in the use of alcoholic liquors, should be read by Forthcoming Articles every one interested in the drink prob- DR. D. H. KRESS, whose articles are lem, which means it should be read by familiar to LIFE AND HEALTH readers, every one, for the drink curse af- explains why attempted reforms in eat- fects, directly or indirectly, every man, ing and drinking are sometimes dis- woman, and child. appointing. If any one has adopted a simplified diet and has not experienced Course in Physiology and Hygiene the improved health he expected, he will perhaps learn the cause of his THE Fireside Correspondence School, failure and disappointment on reading Takoma Park, D. C., has in its curricu- this article. Every effect has a cause. lum a course in physiology and hygi- If one is not enjoying the best of health, ene. Any one interested in such a his method of living may be to blame. course should address, for further par- Perhaps even his efforts at reform may ticulars, the principal, W. E. Howell. be at fault. Takoma Park, D. C.

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AI GENERAL ARTICLES 'so 10 On the Sources of Tuberculosis Infection in Childhood, H. J. Achard, • M. D. 583 60 tot Keeping Olives, W. S. Ritchie 585 160 10 Physical Culture — What It Is, and What It Is Not, Herbert M. Lome 586 The Advent of a More Nourishing Loaf — Durum Flour Bread, Chas 60 Cristodoro 591 64 Importance of Home Training, Mrs. W. H. McKee • 593 Are Our Schools Accomplishing What They Should for Our Children? A E. C. Jaeger 595 164 How to Sleep Out-of-Doors in the House, Mrs. M. C. Howe 597 RATIONAL TREATMENT IN THE HOME 60' 1 0 • Neurasthenia: Cause, Prevention, and Treatment, Jean A. Vernier, M. D. 599 HEALTHFUL DRESS 40 Can Women Dress Healthfully? Mrs. Eva K. Cogshall 603 HEALTHFUL COOKING %•/ Methods of Cookery, G. E. Corn forth 6o6 10 CURRENT COMMENT 14 141 6o9 64 Importance of Sound Teeth — Importance of Dental Hygiene — Dental 60 Id Condition of Children in the Public Schools — How to Brush the Teeth 14 — The Evil Influences of School Conditions Upon the Health of School- I . • children. 10 ABSTRACTS 613 10 10 The Importance of Mouth Hygiene — Epilepsy — Some Danger Signals 11 in Life Insurance Examinations. 14 hit MEDICAL FORUM 616 10 Is the Kindergarten an Unmixed Good? — Is Leprosy Infectious? — A ho 60 New Packing-House Scandal — To Increase the Length of Life — Is There a Cancer Parasite? 11 THE MEDICAL MISSIONARY AT WORK 116 10 Medical Work in Heathen Lands, Percival J. Laird 621 111 Mussoorie, India, Louise M. Scholz 622 14 Among the Maoris in New Zealand, Mr. and Mrs. Read Smith 623 110 10 10 Missionary Notes 624 10 EDITORIAL 625 14 Pellagra, the New Disease of the South — Tuberculosis Infection From Meat — Abdominal Tuberculosis in Children — The International Anti- Alcohol Congress — Four Thousand Consumptives Starve Yearly. 64 If 10 NEWS NOTES 63o • 632 It QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 14 TERMS: $1 a year; 10 cents a copy. Special rates in larger quantities. POSTAGE IS PREPAID by the publishers on all subscriptions in the United States, Canada, Hawaiian Islands, Philippine Islands, Guam, Porto Rico, Tutuila, Samoa, and Mexico. To all other countries in the Postal•Union the price Is $1.25 a year. CHANGE OF ADDRESS.— When a change of address is ordered, both the new and the or old address must be given. The notice should be sent one month before the change is to take effect. HOW TO REMIT.— Remittances stiould be sent by Draft on New York, Express-order, 60 or Money-order, payable to order of Review and Herald Pttblishing Association. Cash should be sent in Registered Letter. Address, Review and Herald Publishing Assn., Takoma Park Station, Washington, D. C.

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" Something better is the law of all true living "

Vol. XXIV Takonia Park Station, Washington, D. C., October, rgog No. 10

On the Sources of Tuberculosis Infection in Childhood H. 5r Achard, M. D., Asheville, N. C.

HE editor having asked me for the human bacilli, but he was ".careful a paper on the route of infec- to emphasize that the question could not 011‘AP, tion in tuberculosis, it has yet be definitely decided. However that seemed to me advisable to precede that may be, we must concede that in bottle- subject by a consideration of the fed infants the infection may be so sources of infection, more particularly frequently repeated, if the milk is with reference to childhood, the more contaminated, and a number of other so as tuberculosis, like other infectious factors may come together to such diseases, is best treated by prevention, an extent, that the food may indeed which is only possible with a full appre- become a source of danger, whether it ciation of what is to be prevented, and be contaminated with tubercle bacilli how. from bovine sources, or whether it be Von Behring, who has such a great infected by careless handling from claim on our gratitude through his anti- dairymen, or from the attendants pre- toxic serum for the successful treatment paring the milk for the baby. of diphtheria, has claimed that the seed The fact that tuberculosis is a con- of consumption is sown in early infancy, tagious and infectious disease is so well and that nurslings are infected by milk established that it is now fully under- contaminated with tubercle bacilli, gen- stood by the laity, and it requires only erally of bovine origin. Against this, to point out some of the sources of Koch has, wrongly, been said to have infection, in order to eliminate them. asserted that bovine tuberculosis is not Those children are, of course, in the capable of producing a tuberculous dis- greatest danger of infection who live ease in man, and this misconception of in the same house with consumptives, Koch's actual statement has undoubtedly and this danger is the greater in propor- led to some carelessness in the handling tion to the near contact in which the of milk. As a matter of fact, Koch consumptives came with the children, affirmed, what is undoubtedly true, that and in inverse -proportion to the care bovine tubercle bacilli are, if at all viru- which is taken in the disposal of the lent for man, less dangerous than are consumptive's sputum. Cases are re- 583 584 LIFE AND HEALTH ported where infants have been infected contaminated by the dusty and dirty because the consumptive mother or fingers, or if they are moistened with ba- nurse fasted the milk or " pap " before cillary sputum, they offer an excellent feeding, thus contaminating the nipple point of entrance for the tubercle bacilli, of the bottle or the spoon with tubercle which in the organism weakened by the bacilli. Other children have been in- scrofulous lesions find a condition of fected by having their faces wiped with diminished resistance, and possibly even handkerchiefs moist with bacillary ex- of an actual susceptibility, and may then pectoration ; again, some women have lead to progressive tuberculous disease. the dirty habit of wiping their children's It is impossible to describe in a short faces with a handkerchief moistened paper of this sort all the possible ways with saliva, which, immediately after which may lead to a tuberculous infec- expectoration, may contain tubercle ba- tion in children. What has been said cilli. Many children have become tu- will suffice to guide careful mothers in berculous through having been kissed protecting their little ones, and those on the mouth by consumptives. who are careless can not be taught. The If a consumptive does not carefully whole subject of childhood prevention cover his mouth while coughing, or use of infection resolves itself into a ques- a proper cup for the reception of the tion of cleanliness and hygienic care, sputum, tubercle bacilli will be sprayed with plenty of fresh air and plain, all about him in fine droplets, and will wholesome food, to which, as a matter remain suspended in the air for some of course, is added the requisite that time, after which they will settle on the the children must be guarded from all floor and elsewhere, to be distributed known sources of infection. with the dust during sweeping, walking, In a family where there are consump- etc. Children old enough to crawl on tive members, these should not have the the floor have a habit of putting their care of small children, above all, should dust-soiled fingers, as well as every ob- not sleep in the same bed, not even in ject they get hold of, into their mouths, the same room with them. If the mother and thus become subject to what has is consumptive, and can not employ a been graphically called dirt-infection. nurse, or if the consumptive member of As they grow older and go about, espe- the family must, through stress of cir- cially when old enough to go to school, cumstances, share in the care of the the exposure to infection increases in babies, they should be careful to attend the degree in which they come in con- to the following " Don't's," which might tact with consumptives who cough and easily be multiplied, and with which I spread tubercle bacilli carelessly. If will close my paper : — they inhale such bacilli, these may lo- Don't kiss children on the mouth, and calize in the tonsils, or they may be car- don't permit strangers to kiss them ried into the lymph glands from decayed at all. teeth, or from injuries to lips, gums, Don't let children creep on the floor tongue, etc. In many cases the result is covered with dust or contaminated with an attack of what is conveniently called sputum. If you have to spit, use a cup, scrofula, which manifests itself by swell- or a rag which can be burned. Wipe the ing of the glands of the •neck, by sores floor with a damp cloth, or, better, put a and eruptions on the lips and in the clean sheet on the floor if the baby must nose, by snuffles, and in various other be left to himself and can not be kept ways. If such eruptions or sores are in the chair. GENERAL ARTICLES 585

Don't sweep the floor, or carpet, or same spoon with which he is fed ; use rug with a broom. If you do not have another spoon, and then wash it in boil- a carpet-sweeper, scatter moist tea ing water. If baby takes the bottle, leaves or moist bits of paper, and sweep pour a few drops into a spoon for ta- them up ; if the floor is bare, wipe it sting. Let nobody else put the nipple with a moist cloth. into the mouth. Don't permit children in a room occu- Don't allow bottle and nipples to lie pied by consumptives, while the beds are around and get dusty. Prepare the milk being made, or while the room is being or other food in accordance with the cleaned. Any tubercle bacilli deposited doctor's directions ; after feeding, keep in the dust are then disturbed and float bottle and nipple in clean water, in weak in the air. soda or borax solution, and boil them Don't permit the baby to have a rub- once a day. ber nipple or any other kind of " com- Don't permit your baby to be without forter." It will fall on the floor and a physician's care. If you can not afford become infected. to pay for his services, go to a dispen- Don't taste the baby's food with the sary, get advice, and follow it.

Keeping Olives

W. S. Ritchie

w HEN olives arrive, if they are in form on the surface some time before the square cans, the sides of the cans olives are injured. If it is desired to should be somewhat shrunken or preserve the olives for an indefinite time concave. Straight or bulging sides indi- after they have been opened, they may cate that air has entered, and that the be recanned in their own juice in Mason cans should be attended to at once. jars, the same as fruit. Olives may be Properly sealed cans will keep for years. repeatedly recanned. Another way to When a can is opened, it is not neces- keep olives is to make a very strong brine sary, in order to avoid poisoning from with boiled water, place the olives in it the tin, to remove the fruit, as there is while hot, and freshen them as used. no acid present. In order to keep the The appetite for olives cloys some- opened olives fresh as long as possible, what when it is warm, and olives that the can should be placed in the cellar or would be relished in cool weather are other cool place; preferably in a barrel sometimes criticized in warm weather. or tub containing enough cold water to They should be put aside until the first cover about two thirds of the height of cool fall months bring a sharp demand the can. for them. At this time they are scarce, As olives deteriorate very slowly, time as the new crop does not come until No- is given to attend to them. A scum may vember. Physical Culture— What It Is, and What It Is Not

Herbert M. Lome

LTHOUGH there is a growing is to obtain the assistance of some one A understanding of the truths and who is qualified to give advice based on ' benefits of physical culture, yet personal experiences. Then again, phys- a large portion of the public still holds ical culture literature of the better sort erroneous beliefs regarding its practises will be found of value. A common- and principles. Curiously enough, among sense study of one's case, too, will often these mistaken ones are those who advo- furnish a clue to the treatment needed. cate it and its methods. It is the purport Some professional physical culturists of this article to indi- have " systems " which cate what physical cul- include praiseworthy ture actually is, and features ; but it must what it certainly is not. not be forgotten in this The science, then, connection that these may be defined as the men, for the most part, application of exercise, prescribe for the mul- diet, bathing, ventila- titude, and that, in tion, and other hygienic consequence, there is observances, to the more or less elimina- physical needs of the tion of the factor of in- individual. Individual- dividualiity. Naturally, ity is its key-note; and there are many char- if this be ignored, but latans posing as phys- little benefit ensues, and ical culturists, a n d Illustration No. i. Stand upright, often positive harm. face to the front, heels touching, the against these the reader Hence it is that if, toes pointing outward at an angle of is especially warned. about forty-five degrees. Throw the with its aid, the inten- head well back. Extend the arms for- They have nothing in tion is to remedy a ward until the palms and finger-tips common with the gen- touch. Then throw the arms smartly bodily defect, develop back as far as possible, at the same time uine members of the a limb or a set of mus- raising the chin and forcing the head cult, except the back. Strain the arms back for a mo- cles, or bring about a ment, then bring them to the forward " nerve " with which normality of strength position, and repeat the movement. the science endows its Continue until slightly tired ; rest while and health, there must, you count twenty, and repeat. followers. in the first place, be a Let it be repeated clear understanding of what is wanted, that while physical culture is a panacea why it is wanted, and the way in which for practically all maladies and deform- physical culture supplies the want — all ities, it can not be used haphazard in the in accord with the special requirements matter of quantity and quality. When of the case. used by the uninstructed or the ignorant, There are various ways of ascertain- it is likely to be barren of beneficial re- ing these requirements. The most prac- sults at the best, and may be productive tical, it has always seemed to the writer, of positive harm at the worst. The mere 586 GENERAL . .IRTICLES 587 fact that it is a science of a potential sort for common sense as applied to the res- suggests that its forces may be wrongly toration and maintenance of health. directed, and that disaster may follow in This statement includes the proposition consequence. One of the reasons why its that hygiene in all its forms shall be possibilities have not obtained that rec- used. If this be clearly understood by ognition to which the layman, many of they are justly en- the objections con- titled is that it has nected with his self- suffered at the hands treatment will disap- of the amateur. , To pear. Let us take an undertake to doctor illustrative instance of one's self either with what is meant in this drugs or with exer- connection. One of cises, is a question- the most common of able occupation, un- the deformities from less experience pre- which dwellers i n cedes experiment. For cities suffer is " round example, fasts of shoulders." This, for varying duration are the reason that cities excellent things in foster sedentary occu- their way, and as pations, and that these such form a compo- are mainly responsible nent part of the phys- for the defect in ques- ical culture doctrine. tion. Now how can Yet the layman who the round-shouldered attempts one, does so man cure himself with at his peril, unless he the aid of physical has a clear under- culture? — First, by standing of his phys- ascertaining the cause ical condition, a n d of his trouble, and, why and wherefore Illustration No. 2. Stand upright as second, by applying he is depriving his before. Place the hands on the hips, counter-treat- and sway the body from the hips constitution of nutri- up from right to left with a circular ment. Take a book- tives. The fatal ter- motion. Let the head and neck fol- keeper, for instance. low the swing of the body. Do not minations of a num- move the feet while performing the His vocation leads ber of these unau- exercise. Sway the body as much as him to bend forward possible. After a while reverse the thorized fasts have movement, going from left to right. over his desk for been due to the igno- The probability is that, on the day fol- many hours of the lowing, you will feel somewhat sore in rance which prompted the neighborhood of the waist-line. day ; to use only the their inauguration, This shows that you have exercised a muscles that enable set of muscles which hitherto you have and the stupid belief neglected. The same remark applies to him to so bend; to that as they " were all the other exercises which will be 'contract his chest, described. physical culture," they thus bringing about must therefore be beneficial. And what semiatrophy of the forward muscles of applies to fasts in this regard, applies the throat, and interfering with the work equally to exercises, diet, etc. of the organs of digestion. A physio- The truth is that, as intimated, phys- logical authority of European reputation ical culture is an interchangeable term asserts that any position which tends to 588 LIFE AND HEALTH

mar the natural equilibrium of one part culture habits that will offset the condi- of the body will, if persisted in, result in tions of his daily toil. If he will perse- the upsetting of the equilibrium of all vere in this well-doing, he will assuredly parts and organs, which is equivalent to reap the benefit thereof. But it must saying that ill health is bound to follow. always be remembered that the effects So with our bookkeeper. His unnat- of years of harmful habits can hardly ural pose during working hours disturbs be overcome in two weeks or in one his normal equilibrium. His cramped month. Physical culture is not a work lungs can not sup- of sudden miracles. ply his body with It rewards only its requisite amount those who faith- of oxygen. His fully put its prin- stomach suffers for ciples into practise, the same reason, believing that the causing indigestion. reward is certain, There is an inter- although it may be ference with his deferred. circulation. H i s That which ap- nervous system plies to the book- will, in the long keeper, also applies run, feel the effect to thousands of of the continued others who suffer curvature of fhe by reason of the upper portion of abnormal condi- the spine. tions thrust upon Now all this, them by their daily and more, comes occupations. T o from his failure to Illustration No. 3. Stand upright with the feet these, physical cul- about six inches apart, the toes pointing nearly use the muscles at straight forward, the hands resting on the hips. ture offers a ready the back of the Lower yourself gradually and on the toes until and effective means you have assumed the position shown in the neck and around illustration. Remain in this position until you of relief, provided the upper part of count five, and then gradually rise. When so always that, as al- doing, put the strain of the effort on the ab- the shoulders, domen as much as possible. It is somewhat ready said, it be in- which are intended difficult to describe how this last is done, but telligently used. you will understand how it can be accomplished to keep the head when you try it. Apart from ac- upright and t h e tual bodily defects back straight; in other words, to " set- brought into being by many of the vo- up " the man, to use an army term. cations of daily life, there are abnormal Obviously, then, the only thing to do physical conditions due to the same is to exercise these neglected muscles. causes that are of an, unsatisfactory sort. Such exercises are of a simple sort, as Comparatively few persons are possessed one of the illustrations which go with of the health which nature intended this article shows. (Illustration No. 1.) should be theirs. There is a large distinc- At the same time the patient should take tion between the abounding vitality appropriate breathing exercises. His di- which is man's normal endowment, and gestive apparatus will be all the better the so-called health of the average indi- for a little intelligent dieting, and he vidual. In the latter instance, he may should determine to adopt other physical be able to discharge the duties of exist- GENERAL ARTICLES 589 ence in a fairly thorough manner, and As has been said, the experience of yet know but little of that joy of life others will stand the would-be physical which comes from a physique every part culturists in good stead. But beware of of which is fit. The " quick lunch," the physical culture of the " freak" sort. lack of ventilation in homes and offices Remember that true physical culture or stores, the failure to take sufficient goes hand in hand with physiological exercise of the proper kind, which are and hygienic sanity. Anything which the besetting physical sins of our mod- violates the tenets of one or the other is not physical culture, but can be referred to as quackery. The offenders in this respect are chiefly members of the class of professional natural healers, who have to give an excuse for their existence through the medium of " systems " or " stunts," which are often ludicrous and not infrequently harmful. The illustrations which go with this article will, in a way, give point to that which has been said about the common sense that is allied with genuine physical culture. They deal with some of the every-day troubles of the external body or its organs, due, for the most part, to conditions incidental to civilization. Thus we have the round shoulders, the flabby, fleshy waist, constipation, inter- ference with the action of the Illustration No. 4. Stand with the feet about twelve kidneys and the lungs, a slug- inches apart. Inhale deeply, and, holding the breath, bend gish liver, and indigestion. The over sideways from left to right, extending the right arm downward and the left arm upward in the manner re- captions which are attached to produced. Touch the floor with the finger-tips of the the illustration will explain the right hand, and after a momentary pause, rise slowly until you have assumed an upright position, then exhale. Then exercises in detail, but just a inhale and repeat the movement to the left. word here in relation to the ern civilization, lead to the lowering of troubles with which they deal ; and in the vitality far beyond its natural limits. this connection, there will be no use of It is in regard to these and similar mat- technical terms or phrases. Round ters that physical culture acts in an edu- shoulders we have already dealt with. cative sense, calling attention to the dan- (Illustration No. 1.) gers of such a condition, and suggesting In the case of the waist-line which is the remedies. And as such remedies are of an abnormal size (Illustration No. 2), within the reach of everybody who has usually produced by a sedentary occupa- a desire to take advantage of them, tion, which includes much use of the therein lies its simplicity and value. chair or office stool, allied with a diet 590 LIFE AND HEALTH

that makes for adipose tissue or fat. that characterizes the habits of most peo- Apart from the unsightliness of • an ab- ple, are to blame. (Illustration No. 4.) normal abdominal development, it leads This exercise is also good for the chest, to a number of disorders of a more or which is the same as saying that it is `less dangerous nature. Exercise and beneficial for the breathing apparatus. proper food are the only remedies. Indigestion and sluggish liver are the It is hardly necessary to state that direct results of an unsuitable diet and constipation is one of the most common failure to exercise. The illustration affections, as well as one of the most dealing with these afflictions (illustra- harmful. The re- tion No. 5) shows tention of effete a movement that and poisonous mat- will greatly assist ter in the body is in overcom- productive of mal- ing these condi- adies which de- tions, provided it is stroy comfort and practised regularly breed trouble. and with persever- Fifty per cent of ance. These exer- all diseases, I be- cises should be lieve, have their practised two or beginning in the three times daily. sluggish action of As a matter of the bowels, such fact, all of them belief being based can be used with on the experiences benefit, although in of certain medical the first instance, authorities with only those that whom I have dis- have a direct bear- cussed tie matter, ing on the case of Illustration No. S. Stand upright, the toes and my own obser- pointing straight forward. Extend the hands the patient need be vations. There is and arms above the head, the palms forward, used. After a week the thumbs touching. Now bend forward, letting not wanting evi- the arms follow the inclination of the body. Go or so, the others dence that appen- down as far as possible. In the first instance may be adopted, you may have some trouble in touching the floor dicitis is, in the with the finger-tips, but persevere in attempting by degrees. The majority of cases, to do so. Next, raise yourself, the hands again most appropriate following the movements of the body, and bend the direct outcome backward as far as you are able. The ex- times to practise o f a continued tended arms will help you in this part of the are just after ris- movement and also assist in keeping your bal- state of constipa- ance. Then repeat the number in toto. ing, before mid- tion. Improper day meal, and prior diet and a lack of exercise are the pri- to retiring. The noon exercise may be mary causes of this affliction. (Illus- omitted. The duration of each exer- tration No. 3.) cise will depend upon the condition of Trouble with the kidneys is another the exerciser. Perform the motions frequent accompaniment of our daily until slightly tired, then rest, and repeat. lives. Here again, the position assumed Don't overdo. Ten minutes' work will during office hours, the alcoholic bev- be sufficient for the first few times, and erages that form a part of the diet of the one can lengthen his efforts as he be- multitude, and the total lack of exercise comes habituated to the movements. The Advent of a More Nourishing Loaf — Durum Flour Bread

Charles Cristodoro

IGHT years ago Secretary Wil- freely among the dry-land farmers, and son was confronted with the it proved a revelation, a complete sur- problem put before him by the prise, to them. Not only did it subsist farmers of the dry lands in the Dakotas, on a scanty rainfall, but it resisted the who were strug- drought and other gling with the ele- " wheaten " i 1 1 s ments, — a scanty only too well rainfall, dry winds, known to the farm- and hot sun,— to ers. The yield was wrest a crop of more than satisfac- wheat from t h e tory, being from parched prairie twenty-five p e r soil. cent to one hun- It was a " wheat dred per cent more country," provided per acre than the they could find a yield of ordinary wheat that would wheats of the grow in it. The spring variety. ordinary soft The flour was a wheats shriveled up surprise to all who under the scant used it, being rich rainfall and in gluten, which drought. A crop corresponds to the must be found to lean of meat, and fit existing condi- at the same time tions, or the land carrying an excess enust be abandoned. of natural sugar Secretary Wilson over ordinary began an agricul- wheat. It was so tural quest that led nourishing, into far-distant Eu- so strong in gluten, ropean agricultural Year Book, No6, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture that a barrel of districts, in fact, he DURUM WHEAT AT LEFT durum flour gave all but scoured the twenty more loaves earth, finding at last in the semiarid than did a barrel of the ordinary flour. steppes the dry-land wheat that might The government, through the United solve his problem. States Department of Agriculture, put Professor Carleton brought home some this flour to a crucial test, sending out of this Russian drought-resisting, rich- four hundred loaves, two hundred in-gluten wheat, the seed and trip cost- from a superior Minnesota flour and ing ten thousand dollars. two hundred from durum flour. The The durum seed wheat was scattered baking was (lone by a prominent

591 592 LIFE AND HEALTH

Washington baker, under government supervision. Of the replies received from housewives, domestic scientists, sanitarians, bakers, millers, and chem- ists, to whom the four hundred loaves were sent, two to each person, inviting comparative criticism, seventy-four per cent preferred the durum loaf. Gluten being the basic food element in all bread, the excess of gluten in the durum flour, as compared with the soft wheat flours, made itself manifest, and hence the verdict for the rich, highly nutritious, and finely flavored durum loaf. Iris the free presence of this gluten that makes the durum flour loaf such a well- balanced food ration, and that com- mends it so highly. The ten thousand dollars' worth of durum wheat seed so wisely scattered among the dry-land Da- kota farmers has yielded during the past eight years, in aggregate total returns, two hundred million dollars in crops ! A phenomenal record, outranking every agricultural feat of record in the Bureau of Agriculture ! It is like an Aladdin Lamp story, this putting ten thousand dollars' worth of durum wheat seed into the semiarid, cactus-grown, coyote-breeding, jack-rabbit-preserving and rattle- snake-conserving soil, and in eight years digging up, as it were, two hundred million dollars. The introduction of this durum wheat into this country is to be far-reaching indeed, for Secretary Wilson says the dry lands of the West are to feed bread to the great States of the East. In support of this the millers come forward and state that the wheats from the dry lands are the richest of at, in gluten. and therefore the best bread wheats. And as this durum flour is the Year Book, 19°6, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture richest of all flours, it is fair to presume, because of this excess of gluten, it is to DURUM WHEAT AT TOP. NOTE LARGE PRO- become the leading bread flour of the PORTION OF STARCH IN SOFT future, and durum wheat being the ideal WHEAT (NO. 3) (Continued on page 629) Importance of Home-Training Mrs. W. H. McKee, Matron of the Michigan Home for Girls

HE home is the bulwark of so- ning of each little existence in the home, T ciety. It is here that most pow- its confidence was not gained and held. erful influence is exerted for Many parents are either too busy, or good or evil, that character, lovely and too ignorant, or have too much false admirable, or unlovely, dwarfed, and modesty, prudery, or indifference to per- distorted, is formed. Here young minds form their duty toward the little lives receive the impress of thoughts, words, for which they are responsible. The and deeds stamped indelibly upon them " wisdom that cometh down from above " for good or ill. is most seriously needed by parents ; yet Few parents realize the solemn respon- few have erected the family altar where sibility of parenthood. In many homes the principles of God's Word are taught are those who, though under the same by precept and example. Isaiah ( 28: ' roof, are utter strangers to each other, 9, 1o) has given instruction as to the knowing nothing of the real inner life need of beginning early to influence that holds the secret thought and pur- aright the young life. Abraham and Eli pose. This deplorable lack,of confidence are examples of two kinds of parents. is accountable for the wide-spread wick- Abraham " commanded his household edness that almost engulfs the young. If after him ; " Eli, without firmness of children are not free to give their con- character himself, allowed his sons to fidence to their parents, they make con- bring on him and themselves dishonor fidants of others who are perhaps evil- and ruin. minded, and who use their influence to In every home intelligent discipline, mar and destroy the souls of those with the proper admixture of kindness whom the parents would lay down their and firmness, brings the richest blessing lives to save. into the home life. Failure to direct the The days go by, then months and mind of the child into useful occupation years ; the gulf widens, and the " drift- is in after-years a great cause of sorrow ing apart " goes on until the dear ones to parents. Idleness is a curse, and is pass out into the great world beyond the truly " the devil's workshop." Boys and home walls, and enter upon their various girls should be taught to enter into the vocations or experiences ; and the heart's home duties with interest and individual door of neither parent nor child ever responsibility. To have them imbibe the opens to tell the love and tender solici- idea that work is to be avoided as much tude, the hopes and fears, that lie locked as possible, to shift it onto father and within,— loving expressions that might mother, is fatal to future uprightness. have meant a world of happiness, hope, Many mothers say, when the little ones and courage had they been made known. want to help," " Go away ! I'm too Many broken-hearted parents mourn to- busy to bother with you now ! " They day the loss of the love and regard of do go away, often never to return with their children, all because at the begin- any desire to help or take any interest 593

594 LIFE AND HEALTH

whatever in home affairs. Children are The mother love, intelligently directed, sent into the street to play with ques- is the most potent power on earth, the tionable companions " to get rid of their nearest to the divine love of any earthly noise and bother." 0 that mothers love. The Lord recognized this when could realize the mistake of such a he said, " Can a mother forget her suck- course ! ing child ? . . . yea, they may forget, yet Girls have told me that they were sent will I not forget thee." Here he com- away by their own mothers to the compared the divine love to the strongest panionship of others when they really human love known. But alas ! too many longed for the companionship of mother. mothers allow that love to become simply Others have said : " 1 knew I could have a weak, sentimental emotion, rather than my own way. I could as a child work a principle. To look upon the child of my parents as I chose, and have things her love as merely a plaything to enjoy my way." This is a secret few parents in its babyhood, regardless of the im- sense. The little one in arms learns soon pressions it is receiving by daily associa- that if it cries hard enough and long tion with her, is to manifest a selfish enough, it will get what it wants. It love, weak and unprofitable to the child. soon learns to " have its way," and the Here is where so many mothers make little one lays plans by which to conquer their fatal mistake in training their its parents. If the parents were equally children. wise, and would firmly yet kindly train No child sincerely respects in after- the little opes to obedience and con- life the parent it can control as it pleases sequent respect for parental authority, by ingenious and pretty devices. All there would be far less sorrow in homes parents do not realize that even little as the children come to maturity. babes have sense beyond their days, and A writer says, " The time to begin to that very early they seek to assert them- control the child is when it is an infant selves — and the next step is to outwit in arms," and I believe this to be good the parent. Great wisdom is needed at advice : but the prenatal preparation is this most critical period in the child's important, and the mother should con- life. And to be wise in the daily man- sider three important conditions as she agement of one's household, dealing contemplates parental responsibilities : with the varied temperaments and dis- first, heredity; second, prenatal influ- positions, one needs the aid of the only ence ; and third, environment. With the wise One, who has promised to give lib- two latter, she has the power, by God's erally the necessary wisdom to all who blessing, very largely to control and ask, feeling their need. overcome the former influence. Byron Center, Mich. •

A Are Our Schools Accomplishing What They Should for Our Children ? E. C. Tieger

S it to teach reading and spelling expected. The delicate organism inher- 01:1 and arithmetic that we establish ited at birth is not the same in all chil- schools ? Is it to keep the child dren, and will not respond to the same busy and out of mischief that thousands stimuli. Nor have the home environ- of parents tax themselves to maintain ments been the same. An ill-fed or ill- educational institutions ? or is the end clothed child can not compete with the of all educational effort to fit the child properly cared-for child. What a won- for life here and hereafter? derful responsibility devolves on parents " Education is the harmonious devel- to see that their children have bestowed opment of the physical, mental, and upon them " a sound mind in a sound spiritual." Too often, parents, and es- body," and that they receive their edu- pecially teachers, think of the child as cation under proper conditions. A mal- an intellectual being only. In the wear adjustment of a seat and desk to the and grind of school life they do not think child may result in a form of spinal cur- of him as the real child he is with all vature. Eulenberg found that out of his little sorrows, his pains, and joys. one thousand Germans between the ages As an educator not long since remarked, of one and thirty years afflicted with this " I would that once for all we would deformity, nine hundred twenty occurred remember that every child comes to between the ages of five and fourteen, school in a body ; that the head is not an evidence that there is a serious lack the whole body, and also that the phys- of hygienic treatment of children by the ical condition of the body, determines school. to a large extent the receptibility of the The school not only contributes mind." largely to the number' of cases of near- The beauty of a suit of clothes de- sightedness, spinal curvature, and other pends upon the material, and the char- disorders, but is an important means of acter of the work. No matter how much spreading contagious disease. Poorly painstaking effort the tailor puts forth ventilated rooms, careless sweeping and in making it, he can not produce out dusting, the common drinking cup and of shoddy material a garment of neat towel, and soiled text-books play an im- appearance and good wearing qualities. portant part in transmitting contagion. So a human being is what he is If parents would empower school au- because of what he inherits, and what thorities to build sanitary schoolhouses his surroundings help to make him. and keep them perfectly clean, and i f James and Mary may not learn as they would visit the schools to see that quickly as Susie ; it can not always be they are kept in good condition, the 595 596 LIFE AND HEALTH saving in doctors' bills would more than and often November, and the children balance the outlay. grow strong and healthy. It has been When parents and teachers look into found that an average gain in weight the physical and moral and spiritual in- of seven pounds is made per child. The terests of the child in school, as well as autumn weather does not seem to hurt the intellectual, we may more truly say them, for in almost ninety-five per cent they have done their duty. of the cases, the children return to the In Charlottenburg, Germany, an out- 'indoor schools stronger mentally and door school has been established for physically. Most of those who before sickly and deficient children. The were backward are now able to keep schoolroom is God's great outdoors up in their classes. The city feels that among the pines. An electric tram car- it has made a good investment. I un- ries the pupils to the entrance of this derstand that London is soon to con- novel school. After walking through a sider the bodily needs of some of her winding path, you come to the ideal children by establishing an outdoor school, draped with festoons of leaves school also. and flowers. The children come at [Wherever the outdoor school has 7: 15 A. M., and leave at 5 P. M. They been tried, it has proved a success, and are fed with good food, at the cost of it is now being adopted in many cities.— about twelve cents a day. The session ED.] lasts from September through October, San Fernando, California.

Copyright, Underwood, New York City A country school in Ireland. One might take it to be in America How to Sleep Out-of-Doors in the House glartha Cony Howe

,7„

Y husband and I have long selves, and so we slept with our two M been interested in the subject windows wide open all the year round, of fresh air. In summer until we perfected a device which, be- we have no trouble; but' in the winter, cause of its simplicity and practicability, especially in Maine, where the thermom- has ever been a source of delight to us. eter sometimes goes down to forty The open-window method, while ex- degrees below zero, it Becomes some- cellent as a means of supplying fresh air, • thing of a problem has disadvantages. to secure fresh air So many coverings at night without are required— suffering from the even more than if cold. we were entirely Our work is out-of-doors — as such that we are to be burdensome, confined indoors and it cools the during the day, and whole house quite we decided that our perceptibly, espe- health demanded cially if the house that we have pure is small. air at least dur- Many, doubtless, ing the hours we who, like our- BLANKET RAISED spent in sleeping. selves desire pure In our search for some arrangement air but can not afford a fresh-air cabinet, for our sleeping apartment which we and are too busy to make anything for could adapt to our needs, we visited themselves, will hail with delight this various tuberculosis exhibitions, read the simple suggestion : — advertising section of countless maga- Use a couch-bed without a headboard. zines, and sent for and devoured in- Place the head close up to a window with numerable catalogues, and also read south or east exposure. Hang a single everything on the subject that came our all-wool blanket to the molding at the way or could be procured. top of the window by two loops sewed We found many excellent arrange- to the selvage edge the width of the win- ments if one could buy the outfit and dow apart, leaving the same length to have it at* once installed, and also many hang down on each side. Two small seemingly simple devices which one screw-hooks may be driven into the ends could manage at home if time could be of the molding from above for the loops. found to construct them ; but for one Then, with a nice warm nightcap and reason or another we never seemed to plenty of bedclothes, you are ready to find the money to send for an outfit, or sleep " out-of-doors in the house " all the time to make something for our- winter. 597 598 LIFE AND HEALTH

The folds of the blanket which hang cares and duties, seems shut away for a down can be tucked in around the shoul- season. ders to keep the cold air from creeping For years I have been troubled with in under the bedclothes. This leaves catarrh, seldom being able to breathe only the head in the fresh air, while the freely through my nose, and at first I feared that so much cold air might have a bad effect, but my fears have proved groundless, for the catarrhal con litions have so greatly improved that I believe it is only a question of time wh n they will entirely disappear. The only cold I had last winter was the result of sleeping without sufficient air while away from home, but it disappeared at once on my return home. I am very susceptible to infection from those who are suffering with colds, and several times it seemed as if I BLANKET IN POSITION was coming down with a cold induced in this way, but the symptoms always body is in the room, which is practically disappeared after one night's sleep in as warm as if the window were closed, the fresh air. so closely does the blanket shut out the air. An awning over the outside of the window is an improvement, and we planned to have one, Lut did not get at it. This would keep the storm from beating in should the wind blow from the east or south, but we slept delight- fully all last winter, having no trouble of this kind, with the exception of a part of one night. When the moon shines, we draw down the curtain enough to shade the eyes without excluding the air. CUT AWAY (IN PHOTOGRAPH) TO SHOW The ideal sleeping-place is out-of- • FACE OF SLEEPER doors, with only the heavens for a canopy, but in effect this arrangement Fresh air is not only a curative agent is almost identical with that of sleeping but a preventive agent as well, and we out-of-doors. The twinkling of the stars. are working on the basis that " an ounce the murmuring of the wind, and the of prevention is worth a pound of cure." rustling of the trees, together with the May others find a blessing even as we pure, fresh air, are wonderfully condu- have in this simple device for " sleeping cive to healthful sleep. Some way God out-of-doors in the house." seems nearer, and the house, with its Portland, Maine. 4.0:kroFeraltaa117V47,1070.-

Neurasthenia : Cause, Prevention, and Treatment'

Jean A. Vernier, M. D.

HIS name—literally nerve weak- and non-essentials. Trifles cause annoy- ness — is being used less by ance. If such a condition is taken early, nerve specialists than it was a and the patient is given rest, the bal- few years ago, except as a convenient ance is quickly restored. This class in- term. cludes a large proportion of the busi- Causes ness men, teachers, and journalists seen This disorder is caused, first, by her- in our large cities. editary nerve sensitiveness ; second, by The brain is an organ which, under overwork and worry, severe shocks, proper training, is capable of perform- stimulants or narcotics, abuse of the ing an immense amount of work, pro- digestive function, etc. ; in other words, vided the work is of a varied character, by bad heredity and foolish living. and does not produce a corresponding We do not all start in life with the amount of mental disquietude. The im- same amount of capital in nerve force. portance of the emotions, especially the Parents who have lived irrational lives depressing emotions, such as grief, anx- and indulged in various excesses, or iety, and worry, as factors in brain ex- who have themselves been subject to haustion, can not easily be overesti- nervous complaints, bring children into mated. The constitutional worrier is the world who are handicapped from likely to break down under an amount birth, and who furnish a large propor- of work which produces no such effect tion of neurasthenic patients. upon the average normal individual. It is not uncommon to find neurotic Misdirected energy, rather than weak- manifestations in the babe or in the boy ness, is the difficulty with one who is of six or ten years of age, and the fre- ready to walk miles to satisfy a doubt. quency increases in both boys and girls or to avoid crossing an open square, and after the age of puberty. These per- who will climb a dozen flights of stairs sons with defective nerve organization rather than be shut in an elevator. succumb more readily to the cares of Even the exhaustion that follows long life. The strain becomes excessive, and attention to business is quite as often is manifested as worry. The individual due to worry and other faulty mental loses the distinction between essentials habits as to the work itself. In most cases the worries and doubts, instead of I Read at the medical convention, Sev- enth-day Adventist General Conference, being the result of breakdown, must be Takoma Park, D. C., 19o9. counted among its principal causes. 599 600 LIFE AND HEALTH

This is why simple rest from work so tendency to the sensation of pain, head- often fails to cure. Rest often only aches, or pressure in the head, and spinal redoubles the worries, doubts, and anx- irritation with one or more " phobias," ieties. The overwrought business or pro- or unreasonable fears, are common fessional man or woman, in order to characteristic symptoms of nearly all maintain a healthy nervous organism, neurasthenic patients. must realize the importance of under- The symptoms of the neurasthenic taking no more than can be accom- may be general or localized; if general, plished without fret or worry, of taking the physician can prepare himself for proper vacations in time to avoid ex- a new class of symptoms at each visit; haustion, of learning to direct the mind if localized, for the same repetition of the into channels other than those connected same condition each day, month in and with the routine of business, and above month out. To the hypochondriac who all, of cultivating the faculty of relaxing concentrates his attention upon the di- and of dismissing doubts, indecisions, gestive tract, this part of his body occu- and fears. One must cultivate what Dr. pies the foreground of all his thoughts. Paul terms " the art of living with your- He exaggerates its structure, and the self as you are." If he " would last serious consequences of disturbing it out," he must proceed with single-mind- even by an attack of indigestion. A edness upon whatever work or recrea- patient to whom a certain fruit was sug- tion he undertakes. Communion with gested, said she could not eat it ; when nature and nature's God has a peculiar asked what the effect would be, she re- soothing effect upon tired and jangled plied she did not know, she had not nerves. eaten any for twenty years, and dared Bad methods of education and excess- not risk the experiment. ive study predispose to nervous ex- Preventive Measures haustion ; this is usually seen in am- bitious college students, or in young The automatic processes of the body men who are forcing their way under are in general performed best when the great disadvantages through profes- attention is directed elsewhere. After sional schools and into professional ordinary care is taken, too much atten- practise. Young women who are excess- tion to the digestive apparatus, for ex- ively devoted to study, and yet can not ample, may retard rather than aid it. refrain from social indulgences, some- Watching the digestion too closely is times break down with nervous exhaus- like pulling up seeds to see if they are tion. growing. Neurasthenia is frequently brought on It is quite possible that the pressure by excessive child-bearing, the strain of of part upon part in the body, even the lactation, and domestic worry. Pro- ordinary activity of its organs, would longed dyspeptic disturbance is an ex- give rise to sensations if we encouraged citing cause. them. If a person living near a water- The symptoms of neurasthenia are as fall ignores the sound, he soon ceases . varied as are the causes. to notice it; but if he listens for it, it increases, and becomes finally unbear- Symptoms able. Common sense teaches him to The appearance of the patient is sug- concentrate his attention elsewhere, to gestive, sometimes characteristic, but disregard his various sensations, and difficult to describe. Hyperesthesia, devote his attention to outside affairs, RATIONAL TREATMENT IN THE HOME 601 unless the sensations are accompanied be handled upon its own merits, no two, by obvious physical signs. Let him de- as a rule, requiring exactly the same vote himself to exercise, and thus sub- methods. The character of the individ- stitute the healthy sensations of fatigue ual, and his physical and social status, and hunger for the exaggerated pain must be taken into consideration in that is fostered by self-study. planning the course of treatment. If the patient is unable to go to a sanitarium, Treatment much can be done at home. The measure of leading importance in the treatment of neurasthenia is rest. Sleeplessness In young women the application of The cold-sponge bath in the morning, " rest cure " is undoubtedly the best and the wet-sheet pack or the neutral treatment. I do not find that men sub- bath at night, are excellent for sleepless- mit themselves readily to this treat- ness. Treatment by drugs should be ment ; however, they may submit to a avoided in these cases. A placebo modified rest cure. This can be ob- (" make believe " remedy, such as bread tained by keeping the patient in bed pills, etc.) is sometimes necessary for its until midday, then allowing him a few effect on the mind. Morphin, chloral, hours at business, returning to retire cocain, should never be given. The early. I do not believe, however, that family physician is often responsible half-way measures are desirable. It is for the development of the drug habit in better to impress the patient at once these cases. When sedative drugs, such with the importance of getting well, that as the bromides, antipyrin, phenacetin, he may again take his place in•the world. sulphonal, and trional, would seem to be Many patients come under our care a necessary, sedative water treatments, generation too late for satisfactory such as fomentations to the spine, hot treatment. But the greatest care should foot-baths, neutral galvanic baths, neu- be taken in rearing the children of nerv- tral sheet packs, and heating compresses ous parents. A restless, complaining to spine or abdomen, can be most effec- mother will wreck the nervous system tually used. Many patients respond to of a delicate child. In infancy the child static treatment or to a sedative massage should not be pampered, and due care without percussion, given at night. should be exercised as to food, sleep, and school work. Complaints of children Tonic Treatment should not be too seriously considered. Tonic cold applications have to be Change of scene is very beneficial to carefully graduated, as the neurasthenic the neurasthenic patient, but the usual patient is especially sensitive to cold, trip abroad has proved detrimental. The and with the poor, unequalized circula- proper environment for a neurasthenic tion, does not react well. The wet-hand patient is in a sanitarium properly rub is the lightest of all water treat- equipped for the administration of ra- ments, and the weakest patient should tional treatment, such as hydrotherapy, react ; then follow, as condition indicates, massage, and electricity, with a properly cold-mitten friction, wet-towel rub, wet- regulated diet and exercise,— a rural in- sheet rub, dripping-sheet rub, shallow stitution with a strong, wholesome bath, pail douche, cold douche with Christian influence, which will help to H. C. percussion to the spine. These restore confidence to a doubtful, wor- tonic treatments should always be rying, fearing patient. Every case must given in the morning. 602 LIFE AND HEALTH

Eliminative Treatment through the mind, or by wrong thinking, The elimination is assisted by sweat- therefore, in addition to all that has ing procedure, such as the electric-light been mentioned as to the proper physical bath, of short duration; twice a week, environment, a training in proper think- and by copious water drinking and high ing, which can come only through a flushing. close communion with the divine, is es- Diet sential. Let the Christian physician and nurse point these patients to him who The diet of neurasthenic patients, ac- has made the lofty trees, the grass, and cording to American physicians, should the flowers, helping them to realize that be largely a nitrogenous one. My di- he who cares for the birds and flowers rections are milk, eggs, nuts, and will care for beings formed in his own cereals. Milk is not tolerated by many image. This restored confidence in an of these patients, while koumiss or all-wise, all-powerful, and loving Father lactic-acid milk is readily digested by who rules the universe, will soothe the the majority. As a rule, meats of all nerves and cast out all fear. The leaves sorts, oysters, fowl, game, meat juice, of the Bible are as a medicine. Psyco- and beef tea are rigidly excluded be- therapy belongs to the Christian physi- cause of the presence of uric acid and cian and nurse, and should be prescribed other tissue wastes. and administered conjointly with other Mental remedies to all neurasthenic patients. Nine tenths of all disease is produced Detroit, Mich.

Manufacture of cane-sugar in the West Indies. Unloading cane at the mill. DM Ss Cunducted by Ewa K. Cogshall Takoma Park, Washington, D. C.

Mrs. Cogshall will answer questions pertaining to the subject of healthful dress if accompanied by return postage.

Can Women Dress Healthfully ? Mrs. Eba K. Cogshall NY women are in the habit of est in golf, summer outings, gymnasium looking upon health reform — exercises, and the like, have done won- and dress reform in particular — ders •in the work of reforming in dress w\ ith indifference ; and when nervous and health. The coming woman will be prostration, chronic dyspepsia, or some as free to act as her brothers. Why other retribution lays them low, they should she not ? She has just as good a blame Providence. This is not just; for right to the full control and use of her disease has a definite •cause, in wrong lungs and limbs. " Nerves " and the habits of life. But there are women, smelling-bottle will, erelong, by this awa- anxious to save their sisters from suffer- kened civilization, be relegated to the ing and untimely graves, who go forth past, as things of ignorance and blind t4 herald the gospel of health. Teachers folly. of physical cultpre have sought to bring Reform takes very positive and prac- about a reformation in dress in order tical turns sometimes ; as, for instance, that their exercises might be taken to a few years ago, when, in the public advantage. Then the next step was to square of an Illinois town, the corsets of show the blessing of a comfortable dress the women were burned en masse. By outside, as well as inside, the gymnasium. such incidents women are everywhere Madame Jenness-Miller, that apostle of saying, " Whereas I was blind, now I healthful dress, taught many excellent see ! " And, as expressed by medical principles. Dr. Mary Wood-Allen has men, if a generation of women could be added a rich contribution to health ideas raised up naturally, without corsets, and and practical principles. For years Dr. with the same freedom as men, the doc- Lauretta Kress has exemplified in her tors would soon be without practise. own wardrobe and that of her children This statement is based upon investiga- the reasonableness of reform, and by tion among the women of uncivilized and word of mouth and pen she has also ably savage tribes. The strength, endurance, protrayed the evil effects of conven- and perfect physique of these — the Carib tional dress. women for instance — are astonishing. The thinking public is giving much at- Their waists are like men's — firm and tention to the religion of the body, and powerful. Wherever civilization has not new converts are being daily added to affected savage women, they remain as this forward movement. Popular inter- they were created — with natural waists 6o3 604 LIFE AND HEALTH and perfect health. Contrast a straight, serve the natural lines of the human lithe, strong-limbed, muscle-free woman figure. Appropriateness, honesty, sim- of the Caribbean Islands, or the east plicity, and modesty were the noble qual- coast of Central America, with a pale, ities of the Greek garment. The dress weak, wasp-waisted, gasping-for-breath, must express a beautiful body in per- civilized American woman. The com- fect health, and a beautiful mind, and be parison will speak for itself. so comfortable that stiffness will be re- We need to educate ourselves to ap- placed by ease and grace. No corseted preciate the real truth of this question, woman was ever graceful for the un- and then, by precept and example, help dulating sway of the curved back-bone our sisters to freedom and health. Now is simply impossible to " the modern ram- that the question of the new dress is be- rod." No Greek woman ever wore fore us, and reform is agreed upon,— " stays," and large busts were supported How Shall We Proceed? by other means than that of the corset. In answer to this query, it will be nec- But to return to our model. She must essary, in the first place, to discard the be clothed so that the vital organs in the corset, tight belts, heavy skirts, high central part of the body shall have free, heels, pointed toes, pads, and tight unimpeded action; and so that a uniform collars. temperature of the body shall be pre- Let us dress an imaginary woman. served ; and this is impossible in ordi- Remove all her garments. Have her nary modern dressing; for the heaviest stand erect, chest up, weight forward on covering of the body is over the vital the balls of the feet, that the form may organs, producing heat that is injurious. be noticed as to characteristics of phy- To be really healthful and sensible, the sique. If she be a fair sample of clothing should be uniform all over the womanhood, you will see that from the body. If any part needs warmth more breast-bone to the pubic bone the line is than another, it is the extremities, for convex. The curve of the spine, or they are exposed to dampness and cold double beauty curve," as Hogarth de- more than any other part of the body. scribes it, is, at the waist concave. This If they are thinly clad, the cold chills curve of beauty in the spine is destroyed back the blood from the surface into the by the corset, as its effect is to straighten large arteries and veins, thus producing the spine, and grace is sacrificed for a tendency to congestion. The blood stiffness, and freedom for physical should circulate freely at the surface, bondage. hence warm clothing in cool weather is The height of our model is five feet essential to health. The weight of cloth- six inches; bust, thirty-six inches; hips, ing should be reduced to a minimum. forty-two inches ; upper arm, twelve The shoulders, and not the hips, should inches; calf, fifteen inches; neck, four- form the base of support. teen inches. This beautiful work of art In cool weather a union suit of soft in flesh and blood should not be disfig- wool is advised ; in summer a garment ured. We sigh for the Greek style of of linen or silk is comfortable ; next to dress, with its classical drapery and op- this an adjustable waist with elastic just portunity for freedom of movement. But back of the bust for expansion in breath- as it is not suitable for a climate where ing should be worn. With this waist our the wind blows and weather is severe, model can breathe, can expand her waist we can only plan for our lady an attire from four to six inches, and bend for- on Greek principles, which are to pre- ward or backward without restriction, HEALTHFUL DRESS 605 while a corseted woman can expand only against customs that outrage the laws about one quarter of an inch when taking of physical beauty and health. The ques- a deep inspiration. This waist should be tions for us to consider, do not stop with made to fit the figure, not the waist artistic taste respecting the harmonious' made, and then the figure made to fit it ! combinations of fabric, color, and dra- There should be elastic in the shoulder pery, but deal with those elements of strap to allow the hands to be raised dress which are vital to beauty, vital to above the head easily. This waist should health, and therefore vital to the race. be so constructed that there will be The leaders of fashion have overlooked support for the bust ; this does not des- the two primary considerations of wom- troy the outlines of the figure, but gives an's dress — the preservation of the nat- grace and ease. ural outlines of the body, and the pro- The stockings are held up by elastics motion of health. These errors must fastened in front and at the side of the have grown out of ignorance of phy- waist, removing to a great degree danger siology, and the wilful or thoughtless of varicose veins or restriction in cir- sacrifice of bodily comfort to external culation. appearance." This " appearance " the Over the waist is worn princess or fashionable demi-monde have decided is circular drawers; if the latter, the gar- the " proper thing." ment should be attached to a neat muslin The dress of women is not constructed waist, or corset cover. The drawers fit in view of the needs of the body, but smoothly around the hips, but are full rather in view of the needs of speculative at the knee, taking the place of a short manufacturers, who think, and rightly, skirt. There are buttons on the muslin that women will wear anything, if only waist, to which is fastened the long " fashionable," no matter what she sacri- petticoat. This outer skirt may be of fices. Alas ! too many women have sacri- muslin, sateen, or silk, and it should fit ficed home, loved ones, honor, health, smoothly over the hips. and soul for the vanities of fashion. God If a princess petticoat is worn, no other help every true woman to rise above such is needed. slavery, and glory in her independence Clothing worn next the skin during and God-given rights ! But, being taught the day should be changed not less than that raiment is more than the body, as a once a week, for it becomes saturated matter of course, they fit their bodies into with waste matter thrown off by the skin. their raiment, however much it cramps The clothing worn at night should ex- them, until after a while the physical clude every article worn during the day, sensibilities are so deadened that they are the latter being allowed a thorough air- insensible to the outrage committed on ing before wearing them again. the temple of the Lord. See I Cor. 6: Now our lady is ready for her dress, 19, 20. which may be what her taste suggests, So then we find (to return to our and complexion indicates. To be always model) that the three requisites for au fait, and allow the body to be ex- proper dress are : first, health; second, pressive, the gown should be in harmony comfort (the physical and mental con- with the character of the wearer, and con- sciousness of it, with perfect freedom form to her figure. Dr. Oscar Moss of movement) ; third, beauty, or sym- says on this subject : " I have no war to metry of outline and harmony of color. wage against the true, the good, and the Liberated from bondage, freedom beautiful, but I would defend woman (Continued on page 608) SALT H FU KERY, vixp

Methods of Cookery

George E. Corn forth

ROPER cookery should change Steaming is cooking in steam over boiling all the food elements with the water or in any way in which the heat is exception of fat, in much the applied to the food by means of steam. same manner that the process of diges- Cooking in a double boiler is sometimes tion changes them, thus rendering them called steaming. Frying is cooking in more digestible. Poor cookery, while deep fat. The objection to this method it may make food please our perverted of cooking is that it coats the food over tastes (and that is practically all that with fat, thus sealing it from the action most cookery aims at), often renders of the digestive juices. food less digestible, and sometimes By cooking, six changes in food may wholly unfit to enter the stomach, and be brought about ; namely, chemical results in digestive and other ills. changes, as the changes which starch Cookery is the art of preparing food undergoes ; the breaking up of the or- for the table by the application of heat ganic structure of food ; the destruction and by dressing. The ways in which heat of parasites ; the production of temper- is applied to food are roasting, baking, ature changes, and changes in the appear- broiling, boiling, simmering, stewing, ance of the food ; and the development steaming, and frying. Roasting is cook- of food flavors. ing by radiant heat before an open Water boils at 212°F., and no matter fire. Baking is cooking in an oven. how hot the fire, or how rapidly the Broiling is the same in principle as roast- water boils, the temperature never goes ing, but is a term applied to the cooking, higher, so it is a waste of fuel to build a over glowing coals, of a small piece or still hotter fire after food is boiling, in the slice of the food. What is called " pan- hope of hastening the cooking process. broiling " is cooking on a hot griddle' Too rapid boiling may break up the food which has been oiled just enough to by the vigorous action of the water, thus prevent the food from sticking to it. rendering it unsightly; also some of the Boiling is cooking in water at 212°F. delicate flavor of the food may be driven Simmering is slow, steady boiling. Stew- off, and it should be our aim not to lose ing is prolonged cooking in a small this. quantity of liquid slightly below the When it is desired to draw the nour- boiling-point. A double boiler is con- ishment, or flavor, out of food, as in venient to use in stewing, because the making soups, the food should be put to temperature of the food in the inner cup cook in cold water, but when it is desired never quite reaches the boiling-point. to retain the nourishment and flavor in 6o6 HEALTHFUL COOKERY 607 the food, it should be put to cook in what the flavor is. In fact, it seems to boiling water. Hard water hardens the us to be vulgar (if we may use that word food. It may be used when it is desirable in this connection) to give food a to retain the nourishment in the food ; strong flavor of any seasoning, in just but if one desires to draw out the flavor the same way that refined people consider and nourishment, soft water should be it vulgar to use large quantities of per- used. Beans and peas can not be prop- fume. erly cooked in hard water, because the Weights and Measures lime in the water hardens vegetable 2 teaspoonfuls ' = i dessert-spoonful 3 teaspoonfuls = i tablespoonful casein. 2 tablespoonfuls = i ounce It will be well to observe the following 16 tablespoonfuls (8 ounces) = i cup points in measuring : — 2 cups (16 ounces) =i pint 4 cups (2 pints) = t quart When a recipe calls for a tablespoon- x pint = i pound of sugar, water, and ful, use a tablespoon, not a dessert-spoon, most liquids in measuring. Always sift flour before 2 pints (4 cups) = i pound sifted flour I ounce =2 round tablespoonfuls sifted measuring it, and either sift it into the flour cup with which it is to be measured or x ounce = r round tablespoonful sugar carefully dip it into the cup With a spoon With the common methods of com- after it has been sifted. Use a tin bining ingredients — stirring, beating, measuring cup to measure cups or and kneading—all are familiar. Cutting fractions of a cup. In measuring dry and folding are used in putting beaten material fill the measure level full, do not whites of eggs into a batter for the pur- round the measure or pack down the pose of making it light, cutting down material. through the whites with a spoon or wire A level spoonful is obtained by filling folder into the batter and lifting some the spoon, then scraping off with a knife of it onto the whites ; or in carefully all that is above the level of the edge of putting flour into a light batter by folding the spoon. A round spoonful is twice a down at the sides and up through the level spoonful, that is, there is as much center of the batter, putting the batter above the level of the rim as there is be- which is lifted onto another part of the low it. A heaping spoonful is all the batter. spoon will hold. Utensils In measuring liquid fill the measure Really the kitchen, or what is produced full. The measure may be set in a saucer there, is the foundation, or at least a very to prevent spilling the liquid. important part of the foundation, of the Do not use more of any ingredient health, happiness, and success of the than a recipe calls for. Do not think that family, and the equipment of the kitchen because a little is good, more is better ; should not be sacrificed for the sake of for while a little of some things is good, display in some other part of the house. more would spoil the result. For in- It has been said that " a well-appointed. stance, do not use too much shortening hotel is judged not so much by the el- in bread, or too much sugar in desserts. egance of the entrance or the style of the or make foods unduly rich " in any way. clerk as by the presence or absence of A good cook shows his ability not by grit in the strawberries," which means using good things freely, but rather by that a house is judged very much by using them sparingly ; not by seasoning highly, but rather by giving foods such 1 A level teaspoonful or tablespoonful is meant; when rounded, they hold twice as delicate flavors that it is difficult to tell much. 608 LIFE AND HEALTH

what comes out of the kitchen. " A ever is to be done. And remember workman is known by his tools," and this always to keep the draft closed when a is true of cooks as well as of other work- hot fire is not needed. Attention to this men ; and besides the convenience of will result in great saving of fuel and of having the proper utensils to work with, unnecessary heat in the kitchen. better work can be done, and time can Aluminum cooking utensils are best, be saved, especially if one has a place for being light and practically indestructible. every utensil, and every utensil in its They have no coating to chip off, they place. are not acted upon by acids, and when There is little use in trying to make properly cared for, remain bright and gems and cakes without baking-powder clean. Next to aluminum in desirability unless one has batter-whips and wire is graniteware. Iron, copper, and tin folders, and though weighing ingredients are not so universally suitable for cooking may seem unnecessary bother, yet it is utensils. more accurate than measuring, and better It is better to have the work-table results will be obtained by weighing in made to suit the size of the person who is using some recipes. Moreover, weigh- to use it than to work at a table that is ing seems to the writer to be handier too high or too low simply because it is than measuring in some cases, and a pair the conventional height. of scales in the kitchen will be found It will be found convenient to have a useful in many ways. thick piece of glass, with the edges Double boilers are not merely a con- bound, to lay over the cook-book to hold venience, but are necessary for the proper it open at the proper place, and also to cooking of cereals, and also for the keep it clean. A small brush, to use in making of some kinds of desserts. brushing lemon rind from the grater, is Earthenware mixing bowls are needed a convenience; and other brushes are for making gems and cakes which re- needed to scrub vegetables and to use quire beating. in cleaning utensils. The stove or range must be thoroughly A white enameled sink, with no en- understood. The amount of heat given closure under it, is much more sanitary and the temperature of the oven under than an iron or wooden sink, with a different conditions of fuel and draft damp, ill-smelling cupboard underneath, must be known so that the proper to be a storage place for various kitchen temperature can be obtained for what- utensils, and a breeding-place for germs.

Can Women Dress Healthfully ? (Continued from page 6o5) brings joyousness, and life becomes a of beauty to be found anywhere in "pleasure, health a blessing to each lib- nature. Then as lovers of the beautiful erated soul; and the effects of this be- in nature, as artists, as students of flower come so far-reaching as to benefit others, growth, needlework, and all that is loved ones, friends, and society at large. lovely, let tis remember that the human Then let us remember this maxim : form is the highest work of art in nature, " Artistic dress will always be true to and should be as true to nature as the nature," for ancient and modern artists flower we strive to reproduce so accu- agree that the outlines of the perfect rately on our china, or linen art work. female form constitute the highest type Takoma Park, D. C. Importance of Sound Teeth BOSTON physician has ad- the top caves in, and then we hear the A mirably expressed the proposi- cry, " Our teeth have gone to pieces all tion in the following words : at once ! " Teeth never go to pieces in hood health is dependent upon good that way. nutrition, good nutrition is dependent Then comes the critical stage and the upon good mastication, good mastica- most dangerous condition. The ragged tion is dependent upon good teeth." hole in the tooth becomes a hotbed for " The teeth are the keys which unlock the growth of all kinds of disease germs. the nutriment of the food." It is not We have warmth, darkness, moisture, popularly known that the loss of a molar and filthiness,— conditions dear to the tooth in either jaw partly disables the heart of the microbe. We can not clean two opposing teeth. One of the trag- the microbes out, and so they are wait- edies of the day is the promiscuous ex- ing for a time when the system is in a traction of teeth which, by a - little time lowered state of resistance to set up tu- and patience, could be restored to their berculosis, typhoid, or one of a host of original value. Ask the miller how his diseases known to us all. meal would look if there were breaks in The one thing which all of us must his millstones. He must repair these de- do is to teach our children, our families, ficiencies immediately, or his product everybody, to allow particles of food to would be unmarketable. He will tell remain only the shortest possible time you that the larger the stone, the finer between the teeth. This is the key to the meal. The same is true of our the whole situation ; it should be our mouths. If we expect to provide food slogan. Our mouths are the portals of for the stomach in the proper form for our digestive tract ; therefore it is of digestion, we must have no gaps in our greater importance that they should be millstone, and we should retain the healthy and clean than that our faces abused third molar in order to make should be. Some people think no that stone as large as possible. dirt exists where it can not be seen. A word about how teeth decay : it is Clean the teeth often. If we have con- a fact that in places where food can find stantly in mind that the food must be a lodging, disintegration is most likely removed from between the teeth, we to set in. If food is allowed to remain shall bring about a good result. Use in the mouth for any length of time, silk floss so as to " take hold." Use a putrefaction sets in, and an acid known good, pure, finely powdered dentifrice. as lactic acid attacks the hard enamel A little cooking soda, used several times and causes it to soften. The door is a week, will destroy any acid condition. then open to invade the softer tissue, Wm. W. Marvel, D. M. D., Extract undermining slowly but surely the whole from Paper Read before R. I. Dental tooth. When this has gone far enough, Hygienic Conference, April, 1909. 609 610 LIFE AND HEALTII

Importance of Dental Hygiene

T N order to make clearer than ever be- tist, until within very recent years, has A fore the fact that a clean mouth is not been summoned. But now a clear closely related to efficient living, and to summons comes for him. He knows bring an illuminating and close-range better than any one else the havoc that vision of its importance, the recent Bos- neglect and decay of the teeth is ton Conference of Oral and Dental Hy- working, and the alarming prevalence giene was planned and accomplished. of disease and inefficiency resulting from This conference was noteworthy in that it — a waste that can be greatly checked. it was the first series of meetings to go Every other organ of the body is safe- on record as giving serious and exclusive guarded with the minutest care, and consideration to the care and use of the helped to perform its particular function, mouth and teeth. The dentist, the phy- and is thus saved. The teeth alone are sician, the nurse, the social worker, the neglected, and oftentimes knowingly educator, the teacher, the sanitarian, the sacrificed. And yet the fact is, decayed, layman, each and all gave the public at diseased, and inefficient teeth are impor- these meetings first-hand and convincing tant factors in the origin of many dis- testimony that much preventable and eases, besides being themselves the cause wasteful damage to health, efficiency, of much ill health, with the resulting and happiness now comes from neglect loss of time and money. — Wm. R. of the gateway to the body, the mouth Woodbury, M. D., in Boston Medical and teeth. In the call to health the den- and Surgical Journal.

Dental Condition of Children in the Public Schools

N no part of the human body is the a ch, which retard physiological develop- I practise of hygiene more important ment and produce faulty metabolism : than in the mouth. It is hardly credible the result being that the child becomes what a great number of diseases find anemic. Conditions will arise, such as their origin there, but let me enumerate peculiar sensations in the head, vertigo, a few of the most common sequences of dyspepsia, chorea, insomnia, epilepsy, an unhealthy oral condition : indiges- hysteria, nervous prostration, and not tion, heart-disease, tuberculosis, typhoid infrequently insanity. fever, scarlet fever, diphtheria, many Time will not permit me to enter into diseases of the eye, ear, nose, and throat, detail in the morbid, far-reaching influ- and many so-called nervous diseases. ences of an unhygienic condition of the I believe that the chief causes of nerv- mouth and teeth. . . . ous diseases in schoolchildren are defect- It is most surprising to meet children ive teeth and abnormal oral conditions. who are the very quintessence of cleanli- No one can properly masticate with bad ness as far as dress and pink hair rib- teeth ; and a child who can not properly bons are concerned, but whose mouths prepare his food in the mouth is indu- are veritable culture tubes for disease cing abnormal conditions of the stom- germs ; the parents of the children neve* CURRENT COMMENT 611 give the matter a thought, and not until lief, but`if the parents are poor, the child the pangs of toothache disturb the peace is in many instances allowed to suffer of the child do they realize that this con- without even sympathy.— Dr. Jas. C. dition exists. If the parents can afford Colton, before Rhode Island Dental Hy- dental treatment, the child is given re- giene Conference, in Dental Cosmos.

How to Brush the Teeth CCORDING to Dr. Albert M. Wil- corrupt the morals of ten thousand A bor, this is not so simple a matter, teeth? It is plain to see that the space if one wishes to keep his teeth in perfect between the teeth can not be reached by order, as it is generally supposed. In the brush. Here the floss silk plays its an address in New York a few days ago important part. These operations should he made the statement that very few be follQwed with a good mouth wash of persons understand the proper use of a alkaline reaction. Then with the thumb tooth-brush. He said, among other and finger treat the gums to some good things:— rotary massage. The mouth may now "Do not get a stiff tooth-brush and be considered clean; and if this treatment, file away at your teeth with some gritty is kept up regularly, the gums will pre- powder. Choose one of medium serve their natural pink color and hard- strength, and after sifting on it some soft ness. This thorough cleaning is most powder, which should not be used oft- necessary just before retiring, for it is in ener than once a day, move the brush the sleeping hours that decay is most from the root to the crown and never active." from the crown to the gums. After the Dr. Wilbor adds that the common idea walls of the teeth have been brushed in that polishing the teeth injures the en- this manner on both tongue and cheek amel is erroneous. On the contrary, he surfaces, give the brush a rotary motion says a highly polished surface is less across the grinding surfaces, and then likely to decay. He thinks that it is brush thoroughly the gums, palate, and the business of the dentist to instruct tongue. What good does it do to cleanse patients in the care of their teeth, but he the teeth and leave enough material has found that they commonly neglect lodged in the surrounding soft tissues to the duty.— Examiner, New York City.

The Evil Influences of School Conditions Upon the Health of Schoolchildren HE trouble with our schools is not a flower by massaging its petals instead T that they teach the child too much, of tending its roots. but that they teach him so little in pro- The next defect of our school system portion to the outrageous amount of his is that, it confines the child too exclusively time that they waste. Two thirds of to talking about things, reading about our purely mental drill and disciplinary things, and writing about things instead training in the schoolroom is as effect- of doing things. Considered purely as ive and as rational as trying to develop a system of mental 'training, few things 612 LIFE AND HEALTH could be more absurd and ineffectual. Its primitive prototype was a Pharaoh We speak frequently of the written word, of Egypt, when he demanded bricks the printed word, the spoken word, as without straw. From a physical point " the tools of the mind." Suppose we of view, lessons and formal instruc- were to deal with the tools of the body tion in reading, in writing, in spelling, after the same fashion, say in a class in and in arithmetic, are not only unneces- carpentry. " See, children, here is a sary but absurd. The rational method saw — s-a-w. Let us write it on the of teaching them is to put the children blackboard. It is derived from the Latin, at work at something which they are in- serratus — notched or toothed; here are terested in, and can understand ; then the notches. It is, as you see, of an ob- urge them to talk, write, and figure about long shape, and presents an oval-shaped it, correct their mistakes, and set them a aperture at the wooden end, into which good example. This is nature's royal I can thrust my hand, hence this is road to real learning. known as the handle — h-a-n-d-l-e. Let In short, the ideal school of the future us write that upon the board. Already should be about one fourth book work familiar to you is the phrase, ' Touch or schoolroom, one fourth workshop, one not, taste not, handle not the unclean fourth garden, and three fourths play. thing.' " But," objects some one, " this would Can you give me a sentence in which deprive education of all disciplinary the word ' saw ' occurs ? " " See-saw, value." President Eliot spitted that Marjory Daw ! " " Very good ! Re- heresy, and pinned it to the wall for all member that you must distinguish this time, the other day, in the statement : from the past tense of the verb `to see' " You can not train a child for life by — frequently, but most incorrectly given teaching it to do what it hates." The as 'seen.' I hope none of you will ever best preparation for success in life is be guilty of his vulgarism." And so on, not to teach a child to work, whether it ad infinitum, instead of, " Here's a saw likes it or not, but to teach it to love its and a hammer and some nails. Set to work, to take a joy and a pride in learn- work and make a box ! " ing and doing. This the unspoiled young We should develop the tools of our of the human species is ready and eager minds, not by reading about them and to do, if he is only given a chalice to talking around them and writing all over grow into it naturally. Our present and around and across them, but by using method of forcing things down his them on something we are interested in throat, months and years in advance of and can understand. Our present sys- his appetite for them, indeed of his abil- tem of culture is chiefly occupied with ity to digest them, serves simply to dis- teaching children to express their ideas gust him with the whole process.— — without giving them any ideas to ex- Woods Hutchison, A. M., M. D., in Hy- press. giene and Physical Education. stir/cis

In this department, articles written for the profession, which contain matter of interest to LIFE AND HEALTH readers, are given in abbreviated form. Where practicable, the words of the author are given, but often the passage is abbreviated, or else paraphrased in popular language. Technical matters and portions of articles having no popular interest are omitted.

Importance of Mouth Hygiene

HE fact that decayed teeth are importance of a healthy stomach. In T more common in civilized man order that the stomach may be healthy, than in uncivilized man or ani- and the germs be reached by the gastric mals is strong evidence that something juice, the food must be finely ground be- is wrong with what or how man eats, fore entering the stomach. or with both. The average man does If by reason of diseased teeth or in- not chew enough. Instead he takes his digestion, the lining membrane of the food in a pulverized, liquified, or pappi- mouth and digestive passages becomes fied form, using liquids to wash down unhealthy, it permits the entrance of his nourishment. He eats too fast, as is germs and their poisons into the blood proved by the fact that those who eat current. • slowly generally have better teeth, and Disease germs found in filthy mouths reduces his general health and efficiency. or mouths containing decayed or broken- The working power of the so-called down teeth have a much greater disease- well man is but a small fraction of what producing power than germs found, in it might be if all the factors which in- a clean mouth. A clean mouth and sound crease efficiency could be fully utilized. teeth furnish one of the best protections Mastication is important among these against disease. Among the results of influences. bad teeth are diseased ears and eyes, The great health reform wave, partic- disease of the bony cavities of the face, ularly in the matter of diet and thor- and swelling of the neck glands. ough mastication, gives an excellent op- Between the sixth and twelfth years portunity for dentists to co-operate, not the teeth need special care, because dur- to make larger fees, but, as with medical ing this period there is a tendency to men, to do work tending to dispense with rapid decay. The discharges from the their services. Many dentists are turn- decayed teeth lower the vitality, and ing from the work of mere tooth-mend- make the child more susceptible to infec- ing to prevention. The most important tious diseases. One reason why poor message the dentists have to bear is children succumb to disease more read- thorough mastication. ily than children of the well-to-do is the Nearly all forms of germ life, good lack of proper dental care.— Wm. R. and bad, get into the mouth. Healthy Woodbury, M. D., in Boston Medical gastric juice destroys germs, hence the and Surgical Journal.

613 614 LIFE AND HEALTH

Epilepsy HE three great essentials in the lactic-acid cultures may be tried, and T management of epilepsy are diet, radical changes in diet, such as a veg- general hygiene, and occupation. etarian diet [I would recommend this To ascertain the proper diet, it is nec- as an excellent diet for all epileptics.— essary to make complete examination of ED.], a milk diet, or a temporary butter- the secretions. Such examinations will, milk diet, may aid in eradicating the in- if carefully prepared, reveal disordered testinal disturbance. metabolism [including digestion, assim- Constipation must be prevented at all ilation, tissue changes, etc.], which may hazards, if possible by diet, exercise, he remedied by proper diet and treat- and liberal water drinking. For per- ment. With proper digestion, the for- sistent constipation, remember the use mation of poisons causing the attacks of sweet oil by mouth, and the high in- will be prevented. jection of warmed sweet oil. All epileptics should avoid alcohol, The use of bromids is far more effec- and should receive nothing but fresh, tive when salt is removed from the diet. properly cooked food; and often [the As measures of prevention, adenoids " often " might have well been omitted] and enlarged tonsils, and hemorrhoids, tea and coffee, rich, greasy, highly sea- if present, should be removed ; decayed soned foods, or a too liberal allowance teeth cared for, and eyes fitted with of good foods, must be avoided. glasses when necessary.— Dr. Wm. T. If, in spite of corrections in the diet, Slanhan in Dietetic and Hygienic Ga- intestinal putrefaction continues, the zette.

Some Danger Signals in Life Insurance Examinations ECENTLY a prominent company One of the most recent studies is that R paid a large amount of money on of three British life insurance companies, the policies of two men just insured. covering a period of nearly twenty years. The examiner had failed to recognize the Those who were insured as moderate or character of the risk, and to forecast the occasional drinkers had fifty per cent early and almost certain death of the higher death-rates than those insured as policy-holders. total abstainers. The applicant for life insurance often The experience of these companies in- presents no general symptom from which dicates that ninety per cent of the gen- to anticipate anything unusual, when a eral mortality expectation occurred in closer study would bring out facts having moderate drinkers, and only sixty-six a marked bearing on the health of the per cent occurred among those insured as applicant. total abstainers. These studies call new Within the last few years, as a result attention to the fact that one of the of statistical studies, the use of alcohol greatest perils to life insurance com- in moderation or excess has been recog- panies is losses due to the habit of using nized as a source of danger, and a most alcohol or some other drug. active agent in the production of fatal A very active business man carrying diseases. great responsibilities, but careless of the ABSTRACTS 615 ordinary rules of hygienic living, is a gerous, they are known to be working up bad risk, no matter how negative all the to the fullest limit of their vitality. Many symptoms may be. Business men whose of them claim to be moderate drinkers, diet is irregular, and who fail to exercise and some go off to the mountains or sea, properly, and neglect rest, wear out rap- ostensibly for a recreation, but really for idly. a drinking bout. Such persons may be abstainers from As a rule, active brain workers holding spirits, but they consume irregular quan- positions of responsibility who are so- tities of food, drink tea and coffee ex- called moderate drinkers, have periods cessively, and use tobacco freely. These when spirits or drugs are taken to excess. are the men who die suddenly and unex- While caring for their trusts with the pectedly. They continually draw on the greatest faithfulness, they manifest the vital resources, with no time for resto- strangest neglect of themselves. ration and repair. These turn to some The meat eater who believes that no proprietary medicine, or find relief in other diet can give strength to the body, wine and beer at meals, and are deceived and the vegetarian who reasons that with the hope that they are rested. In starch and sugar are the only natural fact, they are simply narcotizing them- foods, should both be studied, particu- selves, the drug covering up the fatigue larly if they are engaged in the active symptoms. They are on the border of affairs of life. physical and mental bankruptcy, with the If to this history is added evidence of certainty of early disease and death. the use of coffee, tea, or tobacco and Many of the men doing the world's chemical drugs, the expectancy of life is work in whom the physical examination diminished, and the possibility of dis- and family history are good, use wine ease increased. — T. D. Crothers, M. D., at the table, or beer or spirits at intervals, Supt. Walnut Hospital, Hartford, Conn., drink coffee, use tobacco, and are prehaps read before the Association of Life In- heavy and irregular eaters. While their surance Examiners, Atlantic City, Tune, habits of life are not particularly dan- 1900. THE MEDIC F R,VM :4.

v u

Is the Kindergarten an Unmixed Good ?

R. ISAAC A. ABT, of Chicago, improperly heated and ventilated, or un- D has made a careful inquiry into tidy. These facts enforce the opinion the status of the kindergarten, of some of the correspondents that the int< rogating, for this purpose, physi- children should be outdoors as much as cians, educators, kindergarten teachers, possible. first-grade teachers, and mothers. From Dr. Abt finds that there are good and each of these classes replies were re- bad kindergartens, and some had better ceived, some favorable, some indifferent, be abolished. In general, he expresses some unfavorable. the belief that — " It is impossible from the answers re- "the kindergarten has its place. It is not ceived to decide whether kindergarten chil- necessary to all children; it is unsuitable to dren make better progress and are more some." amenable to discipline in the first grades. After a mature consideration I have come to the conclusion that the usefulness of Is Leprosy Infectious? the kindergarten instruction does not lie in the fact that it increases mental activ- T will be remembered that somebody ity, and I am satisfied that a child gains I blundered. A man with a harmless no intellectual advantage in later life because it has attended kindergarten—for skin disease was held a prisoner for one the same reason it suffers no disadvantage year on the supposition that he had lep- because it has not attended kindergarten." rosy. Finally the New York skin spe- While the report makes the statement cialist, Dr. Bulkley, examined the man, " that the kindergarten offers oppor- pronounced him free from leprosy, and tunity for social contact with children of he was given his liberty. like age and gives the child occupation," Now Dr. Bulkley, realizing that not it admits, nevertheless, that "many moth- only the laity, but also medical men need ers comment on the fact that their chil- enlightening on this subject, has pub- dren became more restless and were lished a paper on leprosy, in the Medical more difficult to entertain at home after Record of July to. For some reason kindergarten attendance. The little one leprosy is generally considered to be a desired frequent change of amusement dangerous, communicable disease. As and lacked initiative." Dr. Bulkley says : — As to hygiene, the kindergarten is a " It may safely be said that the word distributing point for infectious dis- ' leprosy ' strikes more terrbr in the eases, especially children's diseases. heart of its victim or suspected victim, and also in the mind of the average lay- Many of the rooms are overcrowded and man or even physician, than does the ill adapted to their purpose. Some are name of almost any other disease known." 616 THE MEDICAL FORUM 617

Some will remember that two or three An old theory that the disease is trans- years ago a man with leprosy, or sup- tnitted through fish seems to have much posed leprosy, was bandied around from in its favor, especially since we now one State to another in a box car, no know that many diseases are transmitted official caring to risk having such a dan- to man through the lower animals used gerous creature within his jurisdiction. as food. Dr. Bulkley says : — Leprosy, in fact, is considered by physi- " I know that Mr. Hutchinson's continued cians, as well as laymen, to be a horrible and warm advocacy of the fish theory has and most intensely infectious disease. been subjected to much ridicule, and it is not generally accepted; but to my mind, Now there are some who believe that this it offers the most satisfactory solution of is all superstition. As Dr. Bulkley says, the problem." speaking of this disease : — Some of the reasons given by Mr. " To those who are really well informed, Hutchinson for believing leprosy to be it bears no comparison to either cancer or transmitted from fish to man are : — tuberculosis in the mental distress which it causes in those affected, while syphilis " No other article of food can be men- and many other diseases should inspire tioned which is in use in all leprosy dis- far more dread of contagion." tricts. Most of the places where leprosy is largely prevalent are on the seacoast, But more positive even than this is his and it is especially prevalent on the islands. statement that — Wherever a community is found that sub- sists largely on fish, there leprosy is pres- " in this climate at least, leprosy is really ent. Almost all the large fish-curing sta- a harmless infection to those wh6 may tions are the homes of leprosy, and it is come in contact with it." often met with, also, in the countries to But this is only a confirmation of the which their products are most freely ex- ported. It is not necessary, of course, that statement made years ago by the Leprosy a large quantity of fish be eaten, for the Commission of the Royal College of smallest portion, if it contained the germ, can introduce the disease. Thorough cook- Physicians, London : — ing of fresh fish probably destroys its " All the unanimous convictions of the power of communicating leprosy if it most experienced observers in different chanced to be infected; but it is known parts of the world is quite opposed to the that fish are often eaten raw or improp- belief that leprosy is contagious or com- erly cooked, and also that very large quan- municable by proximity or contact with tities of dried fish are consumed through- the disease." out the world, often as a condiment with vegetable food, and even by those belong- Prehaps the popular belief that lep- ing to religious castes who will not take rosy is a highly contagious disease comes animal life." from the Biblical accounts; but as Dr. Not long ago Mr. Hutchinson made a Bulkley and others show, the disease or careful study of the subject in the diseases there called leprosy are evi- leprosy district, and was more than ever dently not the same as the disease we confirmed in his belief that fish is the call leprosy. The manifestations and means of leprosy transmission. Dr. symptoms of the Bible leprosy are en- Bulkley concludes : — tirely different from the modern leprosy. " There is certainly enough reasonable- Remarkable is the testimony of nurses ness in the theory to warrant careful scien- and workers in leper hospitals. In the tific inquiry along modern lines of bac- Trinidad leper asylums nuns have had terial research." charge of the patients since 1868. A New Packing-House Scandal "These sisters are in daily contact with the patients, washing their sores, apply- GOVERNMENT inspector sta- ing poultices, and bandaging their crippled A tioned at East St. Louis has re- limbs; yet no sister or any other of the attendants has yet developed the disease." signed his position, it is said, because 618 LIFE AND HEALTH

of the disgusting conditions, beyond his ess is materially hastened or retarded by control, that came under his observation the manner of life and the habits. One in the packing-houses. The Medical cause of the early advent of " old age " is Fortnightly, commenting editorially on the attempt to force the development of this episode, says : " The cause of veg- children. etarianism has been given a new im- In natural life, whether in the savage petus." We quote further : — or in the peasant, there are three periods " Aside from the menace to health, there of about equal duration, and in the coun- is something so distressingly disgusting try and in natural life maturity comes in facts which could lead to such revela- later and lasts longer. tions; the facts, if established, seem so nearly on a par with the fiendishly crim- " The tendency of the present day is to inal, and if not established, still leave shorten the period of development and in- such doubt in the general mind that it is crease the mental and physical capacities, doubtful if any degree of investigation and pass over the period of maturity with indif- exoneration will be accepted as more than ferenc.e, and endeavor to lengthen the official whitewash." period of decline. We ignore the mode of " The agitation against the . . . addition living of those who lead a natural life ter- of preservatives . . . pales in significance minating in a natural death. We all want when compared with the thought of hav- to live long, yet we adopt the mode of life ing sick cattle slaughtered and their flesh which shortens the periods of life and ma- approved by government officials for hu- turity, and then try to retard the last, or man food." declining, period." " Even the thought of meat food other- " In other words, forced development wise fit for ingestion spilled on dirty floors shortens life. In our schools children are and into sewers, but rescued and put on urged to learn more and faster, the cur- the market, is enough to convince almost riculum is constantly enlarged, necessita- any one who has a fair stomach that it is ting greater mental exertion. . . . If activity time to cut out our meat and animal prod- is forced beyond its capacity, the mental ucts entirely." faculties become weakened or perverted." This is especially significant, coming, Reconstruction and repair occur most as it does, from a magazine that does rapidly during sleep. Mental and phys- not stand as an advocate for vegeta- ical activities being most marked dur- rianism. The article concludes : — ing the period of development, a corre- " We do not know what will be the out- spondingly large portion of time should come of investigation. We have lately be devoted to recreation and rest; but — seen whitewash applied in the face of damning evidence in an entirely different " in the hurry and activity of present-day line, and that by people whose ideals are city life the rest is not commensurate with supposed to be as high as the highest, but the work which necessitates it, while the we believe that public apprehension will recreation itself is intensified until it be- be allayed in this case by the usual state- comes exhausting work. Instead of mild ment that all is well, and a little better physical exercise, like simple gymnastics, than we had reason to expect.'" as recreation for mental work, schoolchildren take up strenuous athletics, like It is not the diet reformers, but the running and football." food inspectors, who are just now pro- Cramming the mind to its full capacity, claiming most effectively the gospel of as required in the present school curricu- simple living. lum, and developing the boy into an ath- lete, do not conduce to. a sound mind and To Increase the Length of Life a sound body. N ASCHER, in the New York Med- Instead of trying to shorten the period ical Journal, gives the physical of development, we ought to do all in our phenomena which accompany, and are power to lengthen it. Fatigue, both the cause of, what we call " growing mental and physical, should be avoided. old." He believes that this aging proc- When tasks begin to cause strain, they THE MEDICAL FORUM 619 should be exchanged for recreation. The period of maturity, when one feels There should be more frequent recrea- well and strong, is passed over with in- tion periods in school. difference, without any attempt to provide " Too many subjects are taught at pres- for the future. 'Excesses, though seem- ent, and the child leaves the school with a ingly indulged with impunity, are surely smattering of many useless subjects." borrowing vitality from the declining pe- Subjects requiring the reasoning fac- riod of life. ulties should not be taken up till puberty. Sleep should be regulated by one's re- The age for admission to high schools quirements, and not by the clock. Diet and colleges should be raised. The men- should be regulated by one's demands, tal faculties should thus be developed and not by the palate. Recreation should more slowly until they are mature. The be an actual diversion. physical development should also be gen- " The city man lives too fast. He does eral. Especially should there be no vio- not sleep enough, he works too hard mentally and physically, he drinks and smokes lent exercise on the part of unseasoned to excess, he is irrational in his recreations, and untrained youngsters. and he does not believe in sexual conti- The amount of sleep should be gov- nence." "Alcohol, tobacco, and sexual excesses erned by the person's natural require as agents predisposing to early decline are ment, as shown by his inclination to too well known to need elaboration." sleep. As long as he does not actually feel " The child sleeps naturally as long as the effects of his indulgences, he can not the system finds it necessary. It awakes, realize that he is injuring himself. Only plays, learns, and when overcome by mental or physical fatigue, it falls asleep again." when his excesses have gone so far as to bring on some diseased condition involv- But man habituates himself to certain ing disability or pain, does he realize that hours of rising and retiring, in accord- his course may shorten his life. ance with what his other duties will al- It is during the period of vigor that low, rather than in accordance with his these processes begin,— actual degenera- needs. Pew are so situated that they tions, etc.,— which, imperceptible at can sleep whenever the system demands first, gradually change one from a vigor- it, or until the forces are completely re- ous man into an " old man." cuperated. Care of self and avoiding excesses "Insufficient sleep causes insufficient prolong the period of maturity and post- reconstruction, and the body does not de- pone the period of decline. Usually no velop to the full extent." effort is made to prevent the aging proc- Diet plays an important part in de- ess until it is well under way; and then velopment. While " a meat diet imparts it is a little too late to do efficient work. vigor, energy, activity, and irritability,". But we can do something, even then. " a vegetarian diet produces the best-built Those growing old are advised to take individuals and conduces to longevity." vacations that are really vacations, that The meat eater will manifest more en- involve changes in scene which bring a ergy, will stand up,under more hardships, sense of exhilaration. A long-continued but he will not live so long. Activity routine, even if it be a pleasant occupa- increases waste, and meat increases action, is monotonous, and finally causes tivity. mental and even physical fatigue. " Since mental rather than physical vigor The housewife changes the position of is necessary in the battle of life, meat should be used sparingly and cereals freely the furniture because she is tired of look- during the devVopmental period." ing at the same thing all the time. TE e 620 LIFE AND HEALTH workman, changing his position, works " The whole question of longevity hinges with more ambition. Moving into a new upon the mode of living. If we favor the unnatural precocious development of home after years has an exhilarating ef- youth, and maintain indifference during fect upon mind and body. the period of maturity, thus shortening Of the mental factors that cause quick both periods, we shall have an early and short period of decline." aging are fear, fright, and the like; but more important is the enforced serious- ness and dignity which become habitual, Is There a Cancer Parasite? and which restrain from recreations that would be beneficial. An elderly physi- T N the London Lancet of June 5, 1909, cian went to a masked ball disguised as a A Dr. Robinson brings additional evi- schoolboy, played marbles, spun tops, and dence that cancer is transmissible from in general was a boy again. man to the lower animals, and that it is " For weeks afterward he was in a joy- caused by a parasite. He believes that ous humor, more active and brighter than the failure to transmit the disease in the he had been for years." past has been due to improper methods. " A powerful mental stimulus without deleterious effects is association with the If Dr. Robinson's theory proves tenable, young." it will add weight to the theory that can- The condition of the digestive organs cer is caused largely by the consumption can not be much improved, but by a of meat from cancerous animals. If the proper dietary much can be done to re- disease is transmissible from man to tard the progress of degeneration of animals, there is good reason to believe these organs. Fresh air, proper diet, suf- it to be transmissible from animals to ficient sleep, rest periods, mild exercise, man. and methodical life will do much to in- Commenting on Dr. Robinson's work, crease the length and efficiency of the de- the Medical Record of July 10, 1909, clining period. The best exercise is says, editorially : — walking up a moderate incline with fre- " To unprejudiced observers, it seems as quent rests. Sleep is not needed as much if the supporters of the parasite theory as with younger persons, but there should were slowly gaining ground, but they have be frequent periods of rest. a great deal of hard work to do before they can definitely establish their position. One While intestinal autointoxication may can only wish that they may succeed, for be a contributing cause of old age, Dr. it is this theory that holds out the greatest Nascher believes that " fast " living is hope of the final triumph of therapy over this most formidable, because most mys- the principal cause. terious, foe of mankind." Illissionary A-00°dt,

Medical Work in Heathen Lands Percival f. Laira

1.RHAPS China stands second to oz. bird's claw ; oz. lotus leaves. none in her dire need of instruc- This is to be boiled down together in T6.12 tion in the principles of health. plenty of water until there is enough to It may be that this vast concourse of peo- fill a rice bowl. To be taken in one dose. ple fell an easy prey to the pernicious If our Chinese friends are antiforeign influence of the curse of opium because in some things, it does not apply to nos- of the almost inherent desire for med- trums. These find a very ready sale in icine which is evidenced on all sides. If most parts of the empire. If the Jap- the first step was to order the opium anese are late in the field, they are ma- shops to be closed after a certain period, king vigorous efforts to advertise their the second should have been for the patent medicines on every available and apothecaries' stores to be closed pending permissible spot. Their gorgeous plac- their owners' qualifying to operate the ards are hung outside almost every gate same. of this ctiy. Recently we received a cat- Three days ago, on one of the three alogue containing no less than twenty- great festal days in China, the Dragon two patent medicines specially prepared Boat Festival, we were taking lunch for the Chinese market by a German with our evangelist and family. Along firm at Shanghai. Many others are to came an attempted opium suicide. God be added, and a Chinese list sent out heard and answered prayer for blessing later. upon the treatment given, and from in- When we told a gentleman the per- quiries yesterday we rejoice that the vic- nicious effect these nostrums would have, tim, a slave girl, has recovered. But he replied : " But you surely can not im- the reader is left to judge of her chances agine what a boon they are. Think of for life had she first waited several hours their convenience only. People must while the following recipe was being take medicine. We are not too sure of prepared, and then swallowed the pre- cur own, but these foreign drugs are scription usually given in such cases. able to cure such a great variety of dis- Its composition would be about as fol- eases. One needs to keep but one bottle lows : — on hand for about one hundred com- Rx. IA oz. dried ginger ; i oz. walnuts ; plaints." I am not sure that the indi- 3 each, of male and female grasshoppers; vidual did not think me prejudiced when 2 each, of male and female salted liz- I tried to explain to him that these ards ; 2 oz. snake soaked in rice whisky ; things would only tend to an increase 2 oa. black dates ; 1/2 oz. rusty iron ; 72 of their complaints. oz. bark of elm tree ; y2 oz. hartshorn ; That instruction on health topics is 621 622 LIFE AND HEALTH not without good results, may be gath- smoking in their institutions, but at ered from the numerous testimonies re- Shanghai and Hongkong no objection is ceived telling of the good effects pro- raised to this pernicious habit. duced by the sale of about ten thousand Hence there is a large field for in- tracts on the evils of tobacco. There are struction in health reform principles in two general hospitals, and one for women China. But it will need to be done along and children, here. Visiting one of the the line of least resistance. With God's former, we were not a little surprised to blessing we hope to proclaim the whole see patients who were there to break truth to this people, that many may be with the opium habit, still permitted to cleansed and purified to meet Jesus at use tobacco in the wards. his coming. In Japan the Y. M. C. A. prohibit Chang-sha, Hunan, China.

Mussoorie, India Louise M. Scholz

T has been decided that I work difficulty in any case. A man who had PEI at the dispensary just opened taken medicine from the hospital came here. And as I brought along and told me he experienced pain from with me from Germany a good outfit of taking medicine, and had trouble with surgical supplies, and they did not have his ear. I gave him some vapor baths, many here, it seemed to be an opening and fomentations for a short time, and for me to work right among the natives. he felt much better. Brother and Sister Burgess sent a native One of the first patients I had was the man, who speaks a little English, to help wife of a native Methodist minister. me. So we started the work, trusting The poor woman was in dreadful pain God to make it a success ; and he has. with rheumatism. I gave her treatments, In the first three days we had each day and we prayed for her, and she felt re- two patients ; the next three, up to lieved. My heart is longing to help these twelve ; and the first eight days, twenty- poor native women. The other day a three patients altogether ; the second well-dressed native man came to the dis- week, sixty-two ; and the third week, one pensary, and said : " I would be thankful hundred fourteen; and in this fourth if you would come to see my wife. She week we had one day forty-eight pa- is ill." He spoke English. I went with tients ; and in the whole month of June, him, and as we reached the house, I had four hundred four. to go through a long, dark hall, only I am very thankful to the Lord for his wide enough for one person, and then help, and am praying that I may acquire down a long flight of steps. I did not the language quickly, so that I can talk know what place I might reach at the to the people. I expect to get a native foot of the stairs. There was a roomful girl to help me in the dispensary in treat- of all kinds of dirty-looking objects, and ing the women, and I hope that I can very dirty children played on the floor. teach these two native helpers to give From there the man took me to another treatments. Brother and Sister Burgess entirely dark room, where his wife was think it marvelous how these natives take lying on dirty, ragged quilts. There was the water treatments. I have not had no window, and no air. The woman THE MEDICAL MISSIONARY AT WORK 623 seemed frightened by my appearance, I love these native people, and want to and was very timid. How I would have live so close to the Lord, and be so hum- liked to talk to her ! But she did not un- ble, that he can use me in helping them. derstand English. Her husband would I long to have a good talk with them not let me bring Sister Burgess along. about Jesus. What we need most in this He stood not far behind me while I work is the fruits of the Spirit — kind- examined her, so that he might see and ness, sympathy, and love, and patience. hear everything I did and said. May God help me to develop such a char- I give treatments in the dispensary to acter that I may be a blessing to every two very nice women. A woman came one with whom I come in contact. Pray three miles yesterday with her sick baby. for me.

Among the Maoris in New Zealand Mr. and Mrs. (Read Smith VER since our arrival in Toko- fever abated, and soon he was convale,, maru from Tolago Bay we have cent. He at once became interested to been exceedingly busy. We had know who we were. On learning our been here only two days when the Maoris faith, he inquired more of us, and al- began to appeal to us to help their sick. though the Sabbath question is a hard We were not yet settled ; in fact, we had one to a Church of England minister, not even taken our household goods from it was good to see the Christian spirit he the sheds ; but we had to make a begin- maintained. We have reason to hope ning, and from that day to this we have that he will investigate further, and act been kept going. upon his convictions. In fact, he told us The patients are of all ages, from one that after studying the Scriptures on the or two weeks to, perhaps, one hundred subject he would do what he found to years old, and the complaints are as be right. varied as the ages. Some cases have Another case of pneumonia was of a been very serious. VETe have treated as more serious nature. The patient was a many as ten a day for some time. As Maori of about twenty years of age. He we had to visit them at their homes, and was about as ill as a man could be. He work with many inconveniences, we have had a temperature of 106°, a pulse of been busy from early morn until late at 125, and a respiration of 40. We prayed night. But we love the work. for divine help, and treated him con- After a fortnight, we had so many stantly for over a week. We are thank- callers that we found it necessary to par- ful to report that God blessed our labor; tition off the greater part of one room in the young native is well, and gladly knelt our little cottage as a treatment-room, with us in thanksgiving to the Healer and we find it facilitates the work. of all diseases for his recovery. Among the cases was a Church of We are gaining the confidence of the England minister. His doctor sent for natives, and long for the time when we us, having declared him to be seriously can tell redemption's story to them in ill with pneumonia. He was very ill, their native tongue. Now we commu- with a high temperature and great pain. nicate with them to some extent through But after a week's constant nursing, the a child interpreter. Missionary Notes Dr. Riley Russell, laboring at Seoul, to follow, and the arm is useless, the Korea, reports an abundance of work, but cleaver having severed tendons and nerves. hopes he may soon be able to have better These are common, every-day illustrations quarters. His one-room mud house is ill of the unlimited field of service offered to adapted to the giving of treatments, and a medical man in China to-day. affords him no seclusion from the natives. It may be added in this connection that one A unique movement has been inaugurated brother here in the United States has of- in the city of New York. Pastor George fered to help to the extent of raising six B. Starr, recently from Australia, a Bible thousand dollars to provide suitable quar- worker of long experience in city work, ters for the work in Korea. began services a few weeks ago for the up- town residents, in a neatly arranged and There is a hospital in Aintab, Turkey, comfortably seated pavilion of moderate which is famous throughout all northern size. Connected with these evening serv- Syria. It was established and is presided ices, Dr. D. H. Kress, of the Washington over by Dr. F. D. Shepard, a medical mis- (D. C.) Sanitarium, has united his services, sionary under the American Board. He giving practical health talks each evening. was once asked what he considered his Pastor Starr devotes about thirty minutes most successful surgical operation. He to the study of some live Biblical subject, replied: " An operation I once performed following which the doctor uses about an for strangulated hernia, in the night, in an equal length of time in giving instruction old hovel without floor or bed or window; on how to live and maintain the health. the patient a man lying upon a mass of These services have been greatly appre- filthy rags upon the ground that had been ciated by the public. Another helpful fea- trodden by the feet of ten generations at ture is a series of lessons by Dr. Mrs. least; my only assistant an old, ignorant Kress, on healthful cookery and healthful woman who held the native oil-lamp that dress, especially adapted for wives and gave off ninety per cent of smoke and smell mothers. In this feature of the work there to ten per cent of light. The operation had is also much interest being manifested by to be performed at once, or the patient the people. For a like work there is great must die. He made a good recovery, thus need in many other large cities, aside from proving the uncertainty of the microbe our populous metropolis of New York. theory as applied to those conditions." [Not the uncertainty of the microbe theory, Dr. H. N. Greaves, after having procured but the wonderful resisting power resident his British medical degree in England in the human body.— ED.] about a year ago, entered upon work among his own countrymen in British Bret Harte once characterized the ways Guiana, South America. The doctor is of the " heathen Chinee " as " peculiar." accomplishing a good work in his chosen In nothing are his peculiarities more mani- field, being able to exert an uplifting in- fest than in the treatment of bodily ills. fluence along the line of right living. We The only hospitals in the empire are those note from a clipping from a local paper connected with the foreign mission boards, that a temperance lecture, or a lecture upon or organized through their influence, and alcohol, which he delivered before the Brit- the physicians in charge have many ama- ish Guiana Union at Georgetown, was re- zing and amusing illustrations of Chinese ceived with deep interest. Sir T. Crossley, ideas and methods. For instance, a boy the attorney-general, Archdeacon Gwyther, bitten by a mad dog was lately brought to and other leading citizens were in attend- an American Board hospital by his parents, ance. Convincing arguments were brought who proudly informed the doctor, as proof forward by the doctor, showing that, that they knew precisely what to do, that viewed from every standpoint, alcohol is no they had caught the dog, pulled out some friend to the colony. A vote of thanks of its hair and steeped it in oil. This pleas- was given the lecturer, and the chairman ant brew was then rubbed into the wound. took occasion to enlarge upon the remarks Shades of Pasteur! Another patient was a of the doctor and urge all to profit by the man who became angry because the boil on arguments presented in favor of teetotal- his arm would not heal. He snatched up ism, and to help arrest this terrible evil a great cleaver and gave it a slash. Months that is gaining ground in their midst. Such later he came to the mission hospital, where efforts can not fail to accomplish much amputation was advised. He refused, and, good in every intelligent, progressive com- though the arm healed, skin grafting had munity. 624 Unsigned articles are by the editor

Pellagra, the New Disease of the South

I HS disease, supposed to be quite loss of appetite, gas on the stomach, and rare, has been making consider- perhaps diarrhea. The skin exposed to able headway recently in certain the light develops a marked redness sections, especially in the South ; so and puffiness, accompanied by an in- much so, that the authorities are very tolerable itching. much concerned. In Mississippi it is The symptoms ameliorate during the proposed, as a preventive measure, to summer, to become more severe the submit to rigid inspection all the corn following spring, the condition grad- imported into the State. ually becoming more chronic, and the It is possible that the disease has been patient more of an invalid. more common than was supposed, and Among the nervous symptoms accom- that it was mistaken for some other panying the disease are paralysis of the disease. Report comes from one section legs associated with stiffness, and ten- that doctors in that vicinity had been dency of the muscles to shorten. mistaking the disease for tuberculosis. • There is intense itching in spots, and a Once seen, the disease should be bandlike pain encircles the trunk ; often easily recognized, especially in its severe there are disorders of taste and sight ; form. Pellagra begins in an insid- and not infrequently insanity develops. ious, rather ill-defined manner, not read- The disease is supposed to be caused ily distinguishable from an ordinary fit by food prepared from musty corn. of indigestion. The patient feels out of It is therefore an intoxication or poison- sorts, and finds it an effort to do his ing rather than an infection. Corn ordinary work. The digestive system gathered in an immature condition is is out of order, and pain in the back and said to undergo fermentation, producing head are constant. The patient sleeps the poison which causes this disorder. poorly, and gives evidence of more or Pellagra ig quite common in parts of less mental disturbance; that is, the Southern Europe ; and it has been noted characteristic symptoms of this period in some quarters that the disease is are indigestion, pain in the back and spreading in the United States in local- head, sleeplessness, and disturbed mind. ities to which emigrants are coming As spring comes on, the disease from the pellagra districts. Whether assumes a more severe form. The this be so, or whether the disease has digestive disturbance is marked with not attracted more attention in the past 625 626 LIFE AND HEALTH because not recognized, remains to be is all the more necessary to avoid injured determined. corn food, and sufferers should avoid From what is now known of the dis- all use of alcohol in any form. ease, prevention would seem to be a Patients should, of course, be under matter of guarding the food supply, espe- care of a physician. Massage, baths, cially the corn products. Corn for hu- and electricity have been used to advan- man consumption should not be har- tage for the nervous symptoms. Oint- vested until it is mature, and should be ments containing carbolic acid, salicylic stored in dry, ventilated buildings. acid, and chloral are used to control the Where the disease has a foothold, it itching.

Tuberculosis Infection From Meat

HILE it is admitted that there is which contains the germs. Moreover Wmore danger of tuberculous infec, the same knife that cuts into some tuber- tion from milk than from meat, because culous focus, afterward cuts through the former is more apt to be eaten raw, meat that is to be eaten ; and often and that infection is not so probable in butchers include in the edible part adults as in children, yet there is a real portions of lung, mesentery, etc., which danger of tuberculous infection from are alive with tubercle bacilli. It has meat. been proved by experiment that when As a rule the lean meat contains few, meat is roasted in joints of three pounds if any, tubercle bacilli, but adjacent or over, the interior is not heated suffi- structures are often included in a cut ciently to destroy the tubercle bacilli

Abdominal TuberculosisTuberculosis in Children

OR a number of years it has been the two countries, which he has given F asserted that the proportion of in Archives of Pediatrics for the month primary intestinal tuberculosis is much of June. greater in England than in the United From this paper it appears that there States and on the Continent, so much is an average of 3 % of abdominal tuber- so that some have been led to believe the culosis in British hospitals, and .21 % discrepancy was due to a difference in in American hospitals. In other words, the method of making observations. abdominal tuberculosis, that is, tuber- When an American physician, Dr. culosis of the mesenteric glands and Bovaird ( David, Jr.) was visiting in peritoneum, is fifteen times as frequent Scotland, he was shown in one hospital, in Great Britain as it is in this country. one morning, more cases of unquestioned This being the case, there is no doubt abdominal tuberculosis than he had seen that the difference in primary intestinal in ten years in the dispensaries and hos- tubercutosis would also be marked. pitals of New York City. This led to Another comparison from the post- some comparison of hospital statistics in morten examination of children in the EDITORIAL 627 two countries shows twenty per cent of ican, German, or French physicians. primary intestinal tuberculosis in Eng- It, will be remembered that while bo- land as against three and one-half per vine tuberculosis is, with comparative cent in the United States. frequency, found in children, it is rarely The data being taken from some of found in others, and also that tubercu- the most representative hospitals in the losis of primary intestinal origin is very two countries, without selection, the fig- apt to be of the bovine variety, origina- ures probably show a fair average for ting from the milk. It would seem, then, the entire country. As the British aver- that either (1) there is much more tu- ages are higher than those of the United berculosis in English dairies, or (2) States, Germany, and France, it may be there is more care exercised by Amer- readily understood why British physi- ican mothers in the matter of Pasteur- cians and investigators are, as a rule, izing the milk, or (3) British children more insistent in their cry against the are especially susceptible to abdominal danger of bovine infection than Amer- t uberculosis.

The International Anti-Alcohol Congress

HIS congress was held in London and statesmen from all over the world. T the last of July, and was the larg- The British government gave three re- est gathering ever held for •the study ceptions welcoming the delegates. of the alcohol problem. This is the Forty-four papers were read and dis- twelfth congress held in Europe, and is cussed in three different languages. an assemblage of reformers, philanthro- Sermons were preached in the great pists, physicians, and clergymen, for the cathedrals in London. Six days were discussion of problems relating to alco- given, of two sessions a day, to the dis- hol and its use as a beverage. cussion of almost every phase of the It passes no resolutions, indorses no subject. dogmas or theories of any of its mem- It is needless to say that the danger bers, but is simply a great free parliament of alcohol to both the individual and the for the discussion of every phase of the race was the great central theme ; some subject. very startling papers were read, which This meeting was memorable because will appear in the printed transactions it was projected and held under the later. Undoubtedly the next issue of patronage of the British government. the Journal of Inebriety (Boston, 50 Formal invitations were issued to every cents a copy) will contain an extensive civilized country of the world, to send report of the congress. delegates to this Congress, and sixty Among the delegates from America delegates were appointed, and came, were four physicians, who took a very officially representing seventeen govern- active part. They were Drs. T. D. Cro- ments of Europe and America. thers, of Hartford, Conn.; Surgeon There were fourteen hundred mem- Pleadwell, of the U. S. Navy; Reid bers and delegates altogether, constitu- Hunt, M. D., of the Marine Hospital ting a most distinguished company of Service at Washington, D. C. ; and Dr. leading men,— physicians, clergymen, C. H. Hughes, of St. Louis, Mo. C. 628 LIFE AND HEALTH

Four Thousand Consumptives Starve Yearly RUEL and inhuman practises are not afford the proper traveling accom- C alleged in a statement given out modations are found dead on the trains by the National Association for the before reaching their destination. The Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis resources of almost every charitable or- against the Eastern doctors who persist ganization in the Southwest are drained in sending dying cases of consumption every year to care for cases which would to the Southwest. be self-supporting if they remained in Fully 7,180 persons hopelessly diseased their Eastern homes. with tuberculosis annually come to die It costs, on an average, at least fifty in the States of California, Arizona, New dollars a month for the support of a con- Mexico, Texas, and Colorado, most of sumptive in the Southwest, including them by order of their physicians. The some medical attention. The National statement, which is based upon the testi- Association strongly urges no one to go mony of well-known experts, and all to this section who has not sufficient available statistics, show that at least fifty funds to care for himself at least one per cent of those who go to the South- year, in addition to what his family might west every year for their health are so require of him during this time. It is far advanced in the disease that they also urged that no persons who are far can not hope for a cure in any climate, advanced with tuberculosis go to so dis- under any circumstances. More than tant a climate. this, at least sixty per cent of these ad- Consumption can be cured, or arrested, vanced cases are so poor that they have in any section of the United States, and not sufficient means to provide for the the percentage of cures in the East and proper necessities of life, which means the West is nearly the same. Any physi- that 4,315 consumptives are either cian, therefore, who sends a person to starved to death or forced to accept the Southwest without sufficient funds, charitable relief every year. or in an advanced or dying stage of the It is not an uncommon thing, the Na- disease, is guilty of cruelty to his patient. tional Association declares, for whole Renewed efforts are being made to stop families, who can hardly eke out a liv- this practise, and to encourage the building in the East, to migrate to the West ing of small local hospitals in every city in the hope of saving the life of some and town of the country. Attempts are , member of the family. In most in- also being made in Southern California stances, the abject poverty of such cases and in Texas to exclude indigent con- forces them to beg, or to live on a very sumptives or to send them back to the low level. Often consumptives who can East. EDITORIAL 629

The Advent of a More Nourishing Loaf

(Continued from page 592) dry-farming wheat, the proposition bids of one hundred thousand bushels raised fair to work out on the lines laid down eight years ago remained unsold, and by Secretary Wilson. was used by the farmers as hog feed. It is this durum wheat that is to fit the Too hard to grind, so the millers said. two hundred millions of acres of semi- But for the export trade, which helped arid lands, above irrigating influence, out the durum farmer, things would have now awaiting the coming of the farmers gone hard with him. Much of this wheat to the great southwest. goes to France, to make the best bread in Gluten in wheat needs nitrogen in the the world,— French bread, more easily soil to produce it. Sage-brush land is digested and more nutritious than any three and one-half times richer in nitro- other bread. Secretary Wilson was right gen than humid lands. If an acre of to protest against this flour going abroad sage-brush land is plowed deep, and the to make bread, etc., instead of being used rains allowed to soak in, and then har- in our American homes. rowed so as to produce a dry mulch of If ground into a granular form, a rich earth over the surface, the moisture can golden-colored grainy flour results, from be kept in the ground, if the mulch is which bread can be made to perfection, kept in good order by occasional tilling. and all else that can be made from a The dry farmer allows half of his land standard flour. tc lie idle through the summer, tilled as Durum flour in this grainy form can above, awaiting the next rainy season, be used as a breakfast food, and no when he plants. All during the summer, breakfast cereal equals durum in both because of the combination of water and nutritive and economic value, and in air introduced into the rich soil, in fur- flavor as well. When you pay fifteen ther combination with a warm sun, bac- cents to your grocer for ten ounces of terial growth goes on, and plant food in breakfast cereal, you are paying at the abundance is manufactured, reddy for rate of over forty dollars a barrel for the the 'planting to come. same, while durum flour, so used, richer An acre tilled in the ordinary way, and in nitrogen, sweeter in natural sugar, an acre scientifically dry-fa,rmed along- and finer flavored, costs less than one side, both planted With the same durum fifth the price. The use of durum flour wheat, the one yielded four bushels, in the preparation of desserts would give the dry-farmed acre yielded twenty them a nutritive value not usually bushels. present. But despite all of the above facts, Until of late, when the millers began durum flour is only now being brought grinding durum flour, it was passing into general use. Heretofore the millers away to Europe unnoticed and uncon- have refused to grind the flinty, gluten sidered by the American housewife, the wheat, because their machinery was not physician, and the sanitarian. It is this adapted to do so. The illustrations here- wheat that is to be grown on the desert with given show the gluten wheat berry, lands heretofore looked upon as soil des- grown on dry lands, and on moist lands, tined for all time to grow only cactus and the flint-like character is well and sage-brush and harbor coyotes, jack- marked. That explains why the first crop rabbits, and rattlesnakes. Korea Progressive.— The emperor of Whisky Allied to Tuberculosis.— Dr. Korea has been vaccinated, and has ordered Huber recently reported to State Health that the members of his cabinet follow his Commissioner Porter of New York that example. tuberculosis among Indians is greatly in- Abolish the Public Drinking Cup.— The creased by bad whisky, and the effort to Boston and Maine railway system has pro- live after the manner of the whites. Tu- vided individual paper drinking cups for berculosis causes half the deaths among its patrons, in place of the time-honored reservation Indians. cup with a chain. Venerable Medical Instruction.— It is said that a hand-book of medicine, pub- School Hygiene Congress.— The Third lished in the Hermit Kingdom a thousand International Congress for School Hygiene years ago, contains this information: " Ill- will meet in Paris, March 29, 19to. Dr. T. nesses are due to man's malice, ignorance, A. Storey, 611 W. 137th St., New York and inability to curb the passions, for these City, is the American secretary. things interfere with the proper nourish- Tuberculosis Instruction.— The New ment of the human organs." Couldn't be York Board of Health is making extensive much improved. preparation for a campaign of instruction A Crusade Against Spitting.—The Penn- regarding tuberculosis, including stereop- sylvania Society for the Prevention of Tu- ticon exhibitions in the public parks and berculosis has begun an active antispitting on the recreation piers. crusade. A law is in force subjecting those Journal on the Heart.— As an indication who spit on street-cars and in other public of the extent to which the medical sciences places to a fine of one hundred dollars. are specializing, it may be stated that a Constables have been sworn in for the pur- new magazine is published in England, en- pose of detecting offenders and bringing titled Heart, and devoted entirely to a con- them to punishment. sideration of the heart and the circulation. Fifteen Million Tuberculosis Stamps.— Sweet Valley Wine Confiscated.--=ncUncle From the sale of Christmas Red Cross tu- Sam has confiscated two hundred twenty berculosis stamps last winter a total of barrels of " wine " which was made in $138,244.51 was realized. The money raised Sandusky, Ohio, by fermenting commercial by this means is all used in the warfare glucose, artificially coloring it, and pre- against tuberculosis, Be prepared this serving it with benzoic acid! Truly this winter to aid your local antituberculosis wine was a mocker. campaign by the purchase of Red Cross stamps to attach to all your correspond- Tuberculosis in Schools.— It is said that ence. in Indiana tuberculosis is fifty-one per cent Twelfth International Congress on Alco- more prevalent among school-teachers than holism.— This important gathering, held in the average in general life. Dr. Hurty London in July, was attended by fourteen attributes this to poorly ventilated school hundred members, of whom four hundred buildings, and strongly urges a law to com- were from other countries. Norman Kerr, pel sanitary construction. in a paper based on blood examinations of Sanitary Drinking Cups.— The Pennsyl- two hundred twenty-three abstainers and vania Railroad has begun the installation, non-abstainers, asserted that alcohol weak- at its drinking fountains, of slot-machines ens the normal resisting power of the body delivering, for a penny apiece, sanitary par- against disease germs. The reports by Dr. affin drinking cups. This practise will prob- Doczi, that in Budapest no children are ab- ably soon become universal on railways, stainers, and that not infrequently a child and, it is to be hoped, will do away with goes to school intoxicated, created a sen- the public drinking cup. sation in the congress. • 630 NEWS NOTES 631

A Model Milk Company.— A company is quitoes on the vessel, which went ashore, being organized in New York in order to infected some of the natives, and not find- demonstrate that milk can be produced ing favorable conditions, failed to establish under satisfactory sanitary conditions, and themselves on the islands. sold at a moderate price. The plan is to Day Camps for Consumptives.— Among purchase a creamery, and utilize the milk the cities which have opened up day of neighboring farms. Undoubtedly the camps for tuberculous patients are Albany, plan will include the inspection and san- Buffalo, Poughkeepsie, Rochester, and itary control of all farms furnishing milk Schenectady, N. Y.; Boston, Lowell, Lynn, to the company. Salem, and Springfield, Mass.; Camden, Radioactive Charcoal.— It has been ob- Newark, Plainfield, and Providence, N. J.; served that charcoal will absorb radium Portland, Maine; and Brattleboro, Vt. emanative, and that, thus charged, it is Most of these camps are run on funds sup- radioaction, and presumably has some value plied by the sale of Red Cross stamps. as an internal remedy. What a field for exploration by the patent concerns! Char- Canadian Railways Must Be More San- coal, at a cent a pound, and printer's itary.— So says the Canada railway com- ink equal " radioactive " charcoal, salable mission, which has issued an order requir- at any price per grain, according to the gul- ing all Canadian roads to observe proper libility of the sucker! cleanliness and to give adequate ventilation in passenger stations and cars. Every train Insurance Company Sanatorium.— Re- must carry at least one employee whose cently we published an article descriptive duty it is to supervise the sanitary arrange- of the tuberculosis sanatorium conducted ments, cleanliness, ventilation, etc. Spit- by the Modern Woodmen of America. In- ting must be prohibited, except in recep- surance men have been intently studying tacles. Cuspidors must be provided. Cars the feasibility of opening sanatoria for must be fumigated monthly. policy-holders. One large company has planned to build such a sanatorium, but A dispensary was opened a few months there is some doubt whether the New York ago by Dr. Lester H. Beals, a missionary State law will permit it. of the American Board, in Wai, a city A Life Insurance Company in the Life- about one hundred miles south of Bombay. Saving Business.— One of the regular life Without any advertising, ninety patients insurance companies has begun a campaign came the first day, and since then the daily of education, issuing bulletins to its policy- attendance often exceeds two hundred. A holders, giving them the benefit of the considerable number need operations, es- latest researches in regard to the preven- pecially for removal of cataracts, and more tion of disease. In addition, it offers to careful and prolonged treatment than is give every policy-holder a free medical ex- possible at a dispensary. Dr. Beals writes: amination for the purpose of detecting in- " The medical destitution far exceeds any- cipient disease and advising as to the ap- thing that I supposed this part of India propriate preventive measures. could furnish." Malaria Without Anopheles.— From an Embalmed Tomato Catchup.— Notwith- archipelago in the Indian Ocean comes in- standing the vehement assertions of the formation that leads to the supposition that food preservative men that their goods are malaria may be transmitted without the first class, they sometimes get " caught in agency of the anopheles mosquito. The the act." Recently Uncle Sam grabbed a Picard Island was free from malaria until lot of tomato catchup preserved with ben- the disease was brought there by a vessel zoate, on which was the statement, " This from a malaria-infected port. There fol- catchup is superior on account of its fine lowed an epidemic of malaria in mild form, zest and true tomato flavor. Made from with no deaths. Careful examination was choice ripe tomatoes." The investigation made for the presence of anopheles on the showed the product to be made from the island for five months without revealing pulp screened from the peelings and cores any, although the culex (common mos- of tomatoes, and the waste material of can- quito) and the stegnomyia were present. ning factories. Uncle Sam ordered the It is possible there were anopheles mos- catchup destroyed. vestiorts AND ANSIVat

Worms.— What will cure worms in chil- the milk is usually so uncertain that it is dren? better to Pasteurize it. There are a num- Ans.— Pinworms are successfully treated ber of proprietary infant foods that some- by giving a dose of castor oil at night and times serve an excellent purpose, alone, or a turpentine enema in the morning, using in combination with milk. four drops of turpentine to half a phit of LAURETTA KRESS. water. This will bring the worms away if present. LAURETTA KRESS. Boiled Milk Disagrees.— Fearing tuberculosis, I have been boiling my milk, but it To Increase Lactation.— Is there any food does not seem to agree with me. What I can take to increase my flow of milk? would you suggest as a remedy? Ans.— The ability of the mother to give Ans.—You should, if possible, secure milk milk is increased by building up her general from a tuberculosis-free herd as determined health. Abundance of sleep, rest, and quiet, by tuberculin test. Immediately on receiv- with good, nourishing food, such as milk, ing your milk, place it on ice, or otherwise cereals, bread and cream, eggs, fresh veg- cool it to as near 50° F. as possible, and etables and fruits, will bring a good flow keep it there until used, always covered. of milk. Worry, weariness, and anxiety re- Milk kept cold and away from filth will duce the flow of milk. keep a long time, and cause but little bowel LAURETTA KRESS. trouble. Pasteurization is better than boiling. Any process that subjects milk to heat Beer for Mothers.— I understand that interferes with its food value. City folks beer is recommended for nursing mothers dependent on uncertain dairy conditions do as an excellent food to produce milk. well to Pasteurize their milk, though this What is your opinion of it? process is not wholly reliable. To Pasteur- Ans.— It may produce a larger amount of ize milk, place it in the inner container of fluid, but such milk is unfit for the babe. a double boiler, bring it to a temperature In the first place, it is inferior as a nutrient, of 170°, and keep it there for twenty min- and in the second place, it may foster in the utes; then cool it immediately, as above. child the alcohol appetite. Mothers and C. F. BALL. babes are far better without it. LAURETTA KRESS. Scalp Disease.— I have a scalp trouble. The itching is intolerable. Watery fluid Typhoid From the Cow.— Is typhoid fever runs very freely, and later a crust forms. It transmissible by means of a cow's drinking was at first confined to a small portion of infected water? the scalp, but has now spread badly. Wher- ever the fluid runs, it seems to start a new Ans.— Such a thing is possible, but not so spot, and the scalp is hard and dry. What likely to occur, however, as the infection ,treatment would you suggest? of the milk utensils by means of the water in which they are washed, or the infection Ans.—The above conditions are such that, of the milk by means of flies. There is a apparently, the disease will be a stubborn possibility that typhoid germs may pass one to cure. Nevertheless, the following through the intestines of the cow, and suggestions, if thoroughly carried out, ought reach the milk by means of the barnyard to give relief: First, clip the hair over the filth. C. F. BALL. diseased parts as closely as possible; give scalp, once only, a good thorough cleaning Substitutes for Mother's Milk.— I am un- with soap and water, and then apply daily able to furnish sufficient milk for my baby. unguentum aqua calcis, containing three per What should I feed it? cent zinc oxid. Keep all water from the Ans.— Cow's milk, properly modified, is scalp, except as above stated, and if neces- the best substitute for mother's milk; but it sary to wash same, use sweet oil. The un- should be modified under the direction of guentum aqua calcis is made in the same an experienced physician, for the baby's manner as unguentum aqua rosm, with the nutrition and health depend on the compo- exception that lime-water is used in 'the sition of its food. The milk should be clean place of rose-water. Any good druggist can and from a healthy cow. The condition of make this for you. W. W. WORSTER. 632 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 633

Wrinkles.— What causes wrinkles of the Have I Tuberculosis? — I have a cough forehead, and what can I do to remove which has persisted for some time, though them? I do not know that I am losing weight. I Ans.— Anger and other unpleasant mental live some distance from a physician. I am states cause contraction of the brow mus- rather anxious as to my condition, and wish cles, and if frequently repeated, will cause to know how I can be certain whether I have tuberculosis. the wrinkles to be habitual. Age causes the fatty tissue to depart, and the muscles to Ans.— The only way you can rightly de- lose tone, so the skin folds on itself. The termine your condition is to consult a phy- effort to see clearly when there is some sician, and you should do it at once. If it error of refraction may cause a permanent is impossible for you to see a physician, frown. There is no better treatment than you may gain some knowledge by saving facial massage, especially the kneading the early morning sputum in a wide- movements, stretching the skin and in- mouthed bottle, and sending the same im- creasing the flow of lymph. Some of the mediately to a laboratory for examination. vibratory machines are very good. In This, however, is not satisfactory; for a chronic cases one can smooth out the negative report does not prove that you are wrinkles and put adhesive plaster over in free from tuberculosis. In fact, after such order to hold the part smooth for a few days. Alternate hot and cold applied with a report, you will know no more than you a sponge is a great help in improving the do now; for frequently the disease is pres- circulation. It may be necessary to have ent when it can not be detected in this way. tie eyes properly fitted with glasses; and If, on the other hand, the report shows the if the cause is a wrong mental state, that presence of tubercle bacilli, you may be must be remedied. H. F. RAND. sure you have the disease. C. F. BALI..

An hygienic condition of the mouth can best be attained by the systematic use of LISTERINE Many persons who have regularly employed Listerine since it was first introduced, have satisfactorily demonstrated the truth of this statement. The success of Listerine in this special field of personal prophylaxis has caused it to be more generally substituted and imitated than any similar preparation; the usual argument of the substitutor is: "it's something like Listerine." Listerine is supplied in 14-ounce, 7-ounce, 3-ounce, and more recently, in 1-ounce bottles, that a knowledge of its desirable qualities may be obtained at the minimum of expense, 15 cents. Be assured of the genuine by purchasing an original package.

A brief treatise upon the care of the teeth, together with a booklet descriptive of Listerine, may be had upon application to the manufacturers, Lambert Pharmacal Company, St. Louis, Missouri, but the best advertisement of Listerine is— Listerine.

When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' ad.' In LIFE AND HEALTH." Enterprise Tent-Cot. YOU CAN AFFORD to use California Dried Fruits if you buy them direct For outdoor sleeping. from the ranch. No flies, no mosquitos no dew nor earth chilL SUN DRIED, SWEET, WHOLESOME Impervious to sun or Write for circular " L giving prices and full information. showers. Weight 301bs ST. HELENA HOME FRUIT CO., Sanitarium, Napa Co. ENTERPRISE BED CO.. Hammond, Indiana CALIFORNIA

WANTED WANTED! A gord man or woman in every town to sell our Five- " LIVE WIRE " SOLICITORS to sell new Slice Wire Cone Toasters, for gas and other vapor article, patented and protected. Dignified, profit- stoves. This upright Toaster is a perfect device, and able proposition. Sells to business men, profes- will sell at tight. W ill send one by express, prepaid, for sional Men, and homes. Everybody buys if 5o cents Sehd for sample and catalogue of other faat- shown. Exclusive rights, virgin territory. Drop selling artic CF. your dead line. Start right with live seller. HARKINS 4 WILLIS, 557 Elizabeth St., Ann Arbor, Mich SANITAX CO., 2339 Wabash Ave., Chicago. National Institute of Garment Cutting and Making. Every detail of this art personally taught by experts. We also teach by HYGIENIC COOKING OIL correspondence. Agents wanted. The Shortening Used By Our People HEALTHFUL GARMENT CO. .d Choice Salad Oil Takoma Park, - Washington, D. C. A perfect vegetable food fat, that keeps indefi- Eva K. Cogshall, Sec. nitely. Always sweet and wholesome, never rancid. Guaranteed under the Pure Food Laws. Shipped In crated cans direct from the refinery to your station. 5 gallon can, $3.50; two 5-gallon cans in one crate, 'WHY NOT BE AN ARTIST? $6.75. 8 one-gallon cans in one crate, $6.15. In 1.2 bar- Our graduates are filling High Salaried rel (about 32 gallons), „60 cents per gallon. Cash with Positions. Good artists order. Send- stamp for cook booklet and circulars. EARN $25 TO $100 PER WEEK Shipped from Louisville, Ky. Address, and upward.. in easy fascinating work. Our courses of Personal Home Instruction by correspondence, are complete, practical. Eleven years' successful teaching. Expert in. DR, 0. C. GODSPIARK, structure, Positions guaranteed competent workers. Write for Handsome Art Hook, Free. Chattanooga - Tennessee. SCHOOL OF APPLIED ART (Founded 1898.) T 406 Gallery Fine Arts, Battle Creek, Ditch. smsommnms, The Speaker's Manual of THE GUIDE TO NATURE Pronunciation Edited by - Edward F. Bigelow A Profusely Illustrated Monthly Magazine for Adults Devoted to Commonplace Nature By Mrs. Fannie D. Chase with Uncommon Interest public EDUCATION AND RECREATION &kit A manual for MI&ANUAI.to speakers, teachers, stu- For all students and lovers of nature. l'RfaVIATIGN dents, in fact, every one For people who see and think. who uses the English For those who enjoy life in the country or suburbs . language. For growers of plants and pets. Gives the correct pro-, For amateur astronomers and all who " look up to nunciation of over 2,000 the stars." words commonly mis- For users of the microscope peering into the won pronounced. ders of minute life. Contains a short list For portrayers of nature interests and beauties on of the most common the sensitive plate. foreign phrases. For members of The Agassiz Association Suggests " More than Half a Hundred For readers of the best nature literature Don't's " for those who are particular in their choice of words. Not Emotional and sentimental but Thoroughly in Includes twenty-four exercises in enun- formational and Practical, Definite Guid- ance for Those Who Wish ciation for either class or private study. to Know 128 pages, pocket size. Single Copies, 10 Cents Cloth, 25 cents. Leather, 50 cents. Subscription, $1.00 Per Year PUBLISHED BY

RevieW and Herald Publishing Assn. The Agassiz Association WASHINGTON, D. C. Arcadia, Sound Beach, Conn. New York City South Bend, Ind. When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." BE ALIVE Get Back to Nature ! All live people who are ruptured should lead this ad caretullv. There is only one 'Tab. scientific truss on the ma. ket. O.hei so-called " trusses " are mere clamps. Our Ilu iton Automat,. True applies slight pressure to the hernia .n1,7, allowing yeefort freedom of motion to the body. Farmers wear it successfully while working in the harvest-field: trapeze performers while giving exhibitions. Surely YOU also could wear it with comfort and satisfaction. You will do yourself an in- justice unless you give a fair trial to our Huston Automatic Truss

IgThe best physicians will tell you that The Natural Viet is the Only 'Dirt for mankind. Send for our booklet. It will tell you all about it. IfiVe will send you, postage prepaid, our Guide Book, also samples and price-list of Patented Sept. 7, 1897 our Nuts and Nut Preparations, upon FRONT VIEW receipt of 25 cents; or samples of all three . 1t course we can not convince you of the truthfulness of cur kinds of " Corona Health Food," 'for claims unless you are willing to test them. Are you willing to give 15 cents. us a chance? Will you write to us to-day? Easily adjusted. May be worn night and day. Weighs only a 'For $1.00 we will send you the follow- few ounces. Sold on a positive guarantee. Price, $5.50. ing combination: 1-4 lb. each Pecans, Wal- Send size around body in line with rupture. Once nuts, Filberts, and Pignolias; 1-2 lb. Nut Mar- adjusted. this truss can not be displaced' by any motion of rbs body. Correspondence solicited. malade, 1-2 lb. Nut Butter; express prepaid. A Few Good Agents Wanted The KOERBER NUT MEAT CO. HUSTON BROTHERS Dept. L. 169 Reade St., New York City Makers of Trusses, Abdominal Supporters. Deformity Apparatus, etc. 35 Randolph Street, CHICAGO, ILL.

Colds: Their Cause, Prevention, and Cure

By G. H. Heald, M. D. Editor of "Life and Health" Does Not Recommend the Use of Drugs— Simple Home Treatments which Any One Can Apply Causes: Overeating, impure air, lack of exei cise, exposure.

The Author Prevention: Proper clothing, exercise, fresh air. cool baths. Cure: Simple home treatments, fully described in " Colds : Their Cause, Prevention, and Cure." A Summer Cold is one of the most annoying maladies which afflict, mankind. If the treatment is not immediately begun, a cold contracted in the early summer may continue for months. In " Colds: Their Cause, Prevention, and Cure," the author briefly points out the principal causes of colds, and gives many valuable suggestions for their prevention and cure.

" Colds " is neatly bound in leatherette, post-paid $ .25 REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING ASSN. New York City WASHINGTON, D. C. South Bend, Ind.

When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' ad.' In LIFE AND HEALTH."

WANTED AGEN'IlAIN-ASGAELRESSMEN WANTED STARTLING OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE MONEY FAST. AT HOME OR TRAVELING---ALL OR SPARE TIME Experience not necessary. Honesty and willingness to work all we ask. We will give you an appointment worth $50 to $75 every week You can be independent. Always have money in abundance and pleasant position selling greatest labor saving household invention brought forth in fifty years. LISTEN:—One man's orders $2,650.00 one month, profit $1,650.00. Sylvester Baker, of' Pa., a boy of 14 made $9.00 in 2% hours. C. C.Tanner Ia., 80 years old, averages five sales to seven calls. See what a wonderful opportunity! Room for YOU, no matter what your age or experience, or where you are located—if you are square and will act quick. But don't delay—territory is going fast. Read what others are doing and be influenced by their success. WORK FOR US AND GET RICH. "I do not see how a better seller could be manufactured," writes Parker .1. Townsend, Minn. "Called at twenty homes, made nineteen sales,"—E. A. Martin, Mich. "Most simple, practical, necessary household article I have ever seen" says E. W. Melvin, San Francisco. "Took six dozen orders in four days,"—W. R. Hill, Ill. "Went out first morning, took sixteen orders,"—N. H. Torrence, New York "Started out 10 a. m., sold thirty-five by 4 o'clock,"—T. R. Thomas, Colo. "Sold 131 in two days,"—G W. Handy, New York. "I have sold goods for years, but frankly, I haw never had a seller like this,'.—W. P. Spangenberg, N. J. "Canvassed eleven families, took eleven orders,"— rr. Randall, Minn. "SOLD EIGHTEEN FIRST 4% HOURS. Will start one man working for me today, another Saturday, "—Elmer Menn, Wis. These words are real—they are honest. Every order was delivered, accepted and the money paid in cash. Every letter is right here in our office, and we will give the full postoffice address of any man or woman we have named if you doubt. This is a big, reliable, manufacturing company, incorporated under the laws of the State of Ohio, and every statement we make is absolutely sincere and true. YOU CAN MAKE THIS MONEY: You can make TURNCRANK THE NEW EASY $3000.00 in 3 Months TO WRING WRINGER MOP selling this great invention— The Easy-Wringer Mop-the biggest money maker of The above cut shows mop the ae. Think of it I and pictures the A Self- Wringing Mop. No wrung up dry, putting hands into the dirty good, strong, substantial material water. No aching backs. No used thruout. When mop is slopping against woodwork. raised from floor it auto- No soiled clothes. No con- New Low Priced Household Article. tracting deadly disease from matically straightens out touching hands to filth and germs that come from floor. Can use scalding water readyforwringing containing strong lye. Two turns of crank wrings out every drop of water. Makes house-keeping a pleasure—Makes the day happy. Simple, practical, reliable, it lasts for years. Every woman is interested—and buys. No talking necessary—it sells Itself. Simply show it and take the order. Could you imagine an easier, quicker, better way to make money than supplying this demand sire day created. We want more agents, salesmen, managers, to fill orders, appoint, supply control sub-agents, 160 per cent profit. No investment required. We own patents and give you exclusive territory, protection, co-operation, assistance. You can't fall, because you risk nothing, HUNDREDS ARE GETTING RICH. Act quick. Write for your county today. WE WANT A THOUSAND MEN AND WOMEN. This smaller picture shows • Only your name and address on a postal card mop on floor. Send no Money: for information, offer and valuable booklet It spreads out FREE Tomorrow belongs to the one behind--the opportunity is open and is he 1 d TODAY. Write your name and address clearly, giving name of county. down to floor cgats, :7— at all points. THE U. S. MOP COMPANY, 737 MAIN ST., LEIPSIC. OHIO.

TOBACCO KILLS ! LADIES' IDEAL PROTECTION SKIRTLET No more discomfort or fear. Neat and dainty. Absolutely Thousands die premature deaths as a result of safe with the thinnest clothing. Positively durable. Just as sanitary as any garment. Easily cleaned. Price. $1.50, Money re- the insidious habit of tobacco using. Read the tunded if not as represented. pamphlet, " Tobacco Using," by Dr. G. H. Heald, THE IDEAL COMPANY, Takoma Park, Washington. D. C . a clear, convincing treatise, which compels consideration from the most inveterate user. Single copy, post-paid to any address, for 4 cts. in stamps; i o for 15 cts. Review and Herald Pub. Assn. I Will Write Ads. Takoma Park, Washington. D. C. for any advertiser in LIFE T1Z—For Sore Feet AND HEALTH, for this or Cures Tired, Aching, Swollen, Smelling, Sweaty any other publication, free Feel, Corns, Callouses and Bunions, Ingrow- ing Nails, Frostbites and Chilblains. of charge. My ads. pay. At last! here is instant relief and a lasting, permanent remedy for sore feet. No matter what ails your feet or what under the sun you've tried without getting relief, I have seen them do it. lust use TM. Powders and other remedies merely clog up the pores. TIZ cleans them out and keeps them clean. It works right off. You will feel better the very first time it's used R. 0. Eastman, Adv. Mgr. Use it a week and you can forget you ever had sore feet. Smaller shoe. can be worn because TV/ Battle Creek, Washington, puts and keeps your feet in perfeetcondition. Send Or 25c in stamps for box or buy of your druggist. Money-back guarantee. Michigan D. C. W L DODGE & CO. 414 Dodge Bldg..CHICAGO

When you write to our advertisers, please say, ' I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH."

S. Stop that Cold YOUR AD. HERE Would Cost You For it is the Forerunner of Consumption The Perfection Pock- et Inhaler is ever ready $9,50 for use. It is effective in the treatment of Asthma, Hay Fever, and acute at- If that is too little, use a tacks of Co1dg, Coughs, whole page at $35. If too much, Catarrh, both moist and take an inch at $2.75. dry, Bronchitis, soreness in the Chest, and affec- This issue of LIFE AND tions of Nose, Throat, HEALTH is being read by Lungs, and Ears. Special formulas of nearly 200,000 progressive, cul- medicine for treating the tured people who pay cash for above-named maladies, what they buy. 50 cts. per bottle, post-paid. Can be used in other inhalers, vaporizers, and nebulizers. That's the reason LIFE Enclose money-order for $1, and we will for- AND HEALTH brings results. ward to you by mail, post-paid, one inhaler, with medicine for six weeks' treatment. When ordering For further particulars address, medicine, specify the disease you want it for. (Mention Life and Health.) If you are not .,atisfied with the Inhaler after ten days' trial, return it in good condition, and we R. 0, Eastman, Adv, Mgr, will return your money. Washington, Battle Creek, „ BATTLE CREEK INHALER CO. Michigan D. C. R. F. D. No. 6 Bellevue, Mich.

THE YALE EXPERIMENTS , — Signs of the Timei Are concisely reviewed in Dr. J. R.-.Leads- worth's new booklet, ” Diet and Endurance... A 46-page book full of suggestions for effi- THIS is an illustrated, religious, pro- cient living. Send 10 cents for a single copy, phetic, educational, and temperance journal, or write for terms on quantities for use in edu- devoted to the exposition of the gospel as found in both the Old and New Testaments, cational work. and as preached by Christ and his apostles. REVIEW HERALD PUBLISHING ASSN., The fulfilment of the prophetic portion TAKOMA PARK, • WASHINGTON, D. C. of the Scriptures as shown by the important events constantly transpiring is made especially prominent. These trade-mark crisscross line on Each number contains a Bible reading on some important topic, and in its various Cresc departments will he found something of in- AND DESSERT terest to every member of the family. Crystals EAL FOODS The Signs of the Times FOR CASES OF STOMA NTES , KID AND LIVER TROUBLES is emphatically a Del fo ick or ell. family journal and worthy a place in every Unlike other ocers. book mpie.write household. FARWELL RHIN S, WATERT • WN, N.Y.. U.S. A. Subscription Price Weekly edition (52 numbers), $1.50 a Constipation is curable. year. Constipated? " Chronic constipation," a Monthly magazine, $1 a year. Combination offer: Weekly journal and 23-page booklet by D. H. Monthly magazine, $2 a year. Kress, M. D., tells how it may be cured without Send for sample copies. drugs. Causes, diet, and treatment all in a nutshell. Send two cents for a single copy by SIGNS OF TI TE TIMES 'nail. Special rates in larger quantities.

Mountain View. - Califomi* Review and Herald Pub. Assn., Takoma Park, Washington, D. C When you write to our advertisers, please say, " I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." GET THIS $1200.00 NEXT MONTH! WHAT A BLESSING TO ALWAYS HAVE MONEY IN ABUNDANCE. Saidt bvroarind'cl ;Vsuee.a.`p.Hundreds Getting Rich the "New Way." greatest surest money maker. One man actually made $1281.00 IN ONE MONTH, $51.50 IN 15 MINUTES, $800 IN 8 DAYS. Not a fairy tale, fake or humbug, but absolutely true—sworn statement. New, wonderful discovery. Causing great enthusiasm. Readers, listen, see, read how this invention has made, is making thousands of dollars for others: Does $1200 Monthly "My sales $1281.00 one month, $1118.00 another. Best thing SWORN STATEMENT BY INTEREST YOU ever sold. Not one complaint from 2000 customers." M. G. STONEMAN, MONT. "SOLD $2212.00 IN 2 WEEKS. Not one dissatisfied user," writes Korstad & Mercer, Minn. "My sales $1680.00 IN 73 DAYS," writes O. D. Rasp, Wis. "Canvassed 60 PEOPLE—GOT 55 ORDERS. Sold $320.00 in 16 days," writes W. H. Reese, Pa. 'Enclosed order for $115.00 FIRST DAY'S WORK. Best thing I ever worked," writes L. H. Langley, N. D. "Everybody thinks apparatus finest thing., Sold 15 one afternoon," writes Miss Eva Edwards, Nev., after ordering 73. "I averaged 1064.25 WE PHLY for three months, undoubtedly best line on market," writes J. W. Beem, Kas. "Finest seller I ever saw, catches the eye. Don't want anything better. SELL 8 OUT OF 10 HOUSES," writes Wm. Maroney, Okla. "A man that can't sell your outfit couldn't sell bread in a famine, send 48 more," writes J. B. Cashman, Minn. "I make $100 DAILY," writes J. Sevegne, N. Y. HUNDREDS, MEN AND WOMEN TELL OF WONDERFUL SUCCESS equip- ping town and farm homes with Allen's Portable Bath Apparatus. 50,000 already sold. Acknowledged best thing ever happened for humanity. Nothing like it. Gives every home a modern bath room for only $5.00. Think of it! Costs nothing to operate. Used wherever water in any form exists. So energizes water that 1 gallon does more than tub full old way. Gives cleansing, friction, massage, shower baths all together or separately. Cleanses almost auto- matically. Makes bathing 5 minute operation. Only clean, running water touches body—no immersion. No tubs, buckets, bowls, wash-rags or sponges—no plumbing. Insures cleanliness without drudgery—prolongs life— ase. Small but mighty—carried in grip. Endorsed by famous Battle Creek Sanitarium and other celebrated authorities. Most popular, easiest, quickest, surest selling household article going. Let us give you an appointment worth $40.00 to $60.00 weekly plus freedom from dru&ery, long hours, wage earning, bossism, job bunting. We want more AGENTS, SALESMEN, MANAGERS, either sex, at home or traveling, all or spar€ time to fill orders. appoint, supply, control sub-agents. Hustlers getting rich. EXPERIENCE UNNECESSARY. Simply supply enormous demand already made—that's all. Every customer anxious to boost your business. No easier, quicker, certain way to make money. Exciting business—big profits—popular goods, guaranteed by an old reliable $50,000.00 house—no competition—exclusive territory—co-operation and assistance. CREDIT GIVEN—SEND NO MONEY—only your name and address on a postal card today for world's greatest agency offer, valuable booklets, credit _plan, "SEE IT ENERGIZE... roofs of phenomenal success—ALL FREE. COSTS NOTHING TO 1NSTI- Sec. view Comb, Portable and gATE. MEET US THAT FAR ANYHOW. Bathroom Outfit. THE ALLEN MFG:- CO.,1804 ALLEN BLDG., TOLEDO, OHIO.

Hygiene and Physical Education

First JVumber, March, 1909 Subscription price. year, 8.2; 20 cents per copy. Published by The F. A. Bassette Com- pany, Springfield , Mass.

A monthly magazine devoted to facts. methods, and movements for national health, representing the following departments,— Personal Hygiene, Public Hygiene, School Hygiene, Athletics, Play- grounds, Physiology of Exercise, and Phys- ical Education. Kindly address all articles, news items, Midget Massage Vibrator and other contributions to Wm. W. Hast- ings, Managing Editor. All communica- Here is the most scientific manage machine ever placed before the American people, and the price is within the tions with reference to subscriptions, ad- reach of all. vertisements or other business details We guarantee every machne to last a life time, and we should be addressed directly to want every reader of this magazine to act as our agent. Now, as an inducement for you to do so, we will send you one regular $5.00 machine for just half price, or, we will send you three for $6.00. Don't let this opportunity pan. This is a straight business proposition to you. ORDER The F. A. BASSETTE CO. TO-DAY. biermona Building RADIODESCENT LAMP CO. 305 South, - KALAMAZOO, MICH. SPRINGFIELD, MASS.

When you write to our advertisers, please say, " saw your ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." The ALLEN Health Tent Ventilation EQUALS Out-of-Doors It takes away none of the comforts and privacy of the bed- room and receives ventilation from both the top and bot- tom of the window. It furnishes an improved method of sleep and rest throughout all seasons and all sorts of weather. Much proof is at hand, and a trial will convince any one of this "BETTER WAY of receiving all the benefits of FRESH AIR IN MOTION for sick or well. Our five-years' experience in indoor tent construction should count as a factor in the purchase of a tent. Pr- WRITE for FREE literature, giving fullest de- scriptions, prices, etc. IIVDOOTtWINDOW TENT COMPeAWY 1307 So. Adams St., Peoria, Sold also through the Sanitary Department of the Commit- tee of One Hundred on National Health, Title Guarantee & Trust Co., t76 Broadway. New York City.

AMONG THE MOUNTAINS Of Tennessee THE ORAYSVILLE SANITARIUM Healthful climate, delightful surroundings the year round, bracing mountain air and pure spring water. Unusual natural advantages are combined with a thorough health regime under the oversight of experienced physicians and attendants. Treatments include Electricity in all forms, Massage, Swedish Movements. Hydriatic treatments, and the general line of Sanitarium measures. Surgery when required. Regulated dietary. Send for catalogue. Graysville Sanitarium, • Graysville, Tenn.

\ASHVILLE S. D. A. SANITARIUM, Nashville Tenn Phone Main 1826

Most beautifully situated in the country, only three miles from the center of the "Athens of the uouth." The best-equipped sanitarium of its kind in the Southern States. All modern conveniences necessary for the care and treatment of medical, surgical, and obstet- qeal cases. Special attention given to the use of physiological therapeutics, including all forms of Hydro- ,cherapy, Electricity, Massage, Mechanical and Manual Swedish Movements, Physical Culture, and 2arefully regulated dietary. Patients are trained back to health by nature's simplest and most effectual measures, and then caught how to keep well- Wilts ter further ',formation

When you write to our advertisers, please say, " 1 saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH." MAIN BUILDING NEW ENGLAND SANITARIUM MELROSE (BOSTON), MASS.

Is the largest and best,equipped institution in the Eastern States, employ- ng a rational system of physiological therapeutics The Sanitarium is situated only six miles from Boston in the midst of a magnificent park of 3,500 acres of beautiful forest reserved by the State. The institution includes five large buildings well equipped with modern conveniences, and with every appliance for the successful treatment of disease, including the Hydro,,Electrie Bath, Electric.Light Bath, Russian Bath, Massage, Manual Swedish Movements, Electricity, and X/ray, Patients are attended by experienced physicians and well trained nurses of both sexes. A postal will bring a beautifully illustrated booklet which will tell you the rest. Address, NEW ENGLAND SANITARIUM - Melrose, Mass.

When you write to our advertisers, please sa3, " I saw your ' ad. ' in LIFE AND HEALTH." Washington S. D. A. Sanitarium

A most attractive health resort, beautiful for situation, located only seven miles from the nation's Capital at an elevation of over 300 feet. The climate is excellent the year round. No mosquitos or other pests. Open-air lif3 may be enjoyed without molesta- tion. The well-known sanitarium methods employed in restoring the sick to health. Baths, Massage, Electricity, Diets, etc.

Address WASHINGTON SANITARIUM Phone 127 1 alcorna Takoma Park, Washington, D. C.

A Friend in. the Kitchen MRS. ANNA L. COLCORD 400 Carefully Tested Recipes 20 General Departments

16th EDITION, 160th THOUSAND Marion Harland says : The foundation of a happy home is laid in the kitchen." The housewife's best friend is the one who can help in the kitchen. Such a friend is our new cook-book. In addition to the valuable recipes, and suggestive " Bill of Fare," the book contains much that is not found in the ordinary cook-book, such as, " Substitutes for Meat," " How to Become a Vegetarian," " How to Make Unfermented Bread and Wine for Sacramental Purposes," " The Pulse of Health," " Weights and Measures for the Kitchen," and many other important subjects. " How to Can Fruit," is a chapter which in itself is worth the price of the complete work to any housewife. Friend in the Kitchen is not an advertising medium. It recommends no branded rztieles. t is simple, thorough, practicable. A vegetarian cook-book for every-day use. Cloth, Stiff Boards, 50 cents. Waterproof Paper, 25 cents. REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING ASSN. Now York City WASHINGTON, D. C. South Bend, Ind.

When you write to our advertisers, please say. " I saw your ' ad.' In LIFE AND HEALTH." ,•11f11 tirrreP,-7 ;

;461,

The Boulder-Colorado Sanitarium is a well-equipped and well-regulated institution for the treatment of all chronic disorders. It Is the only Sanitarium in the Rocky Mountain region intelligently employing the same system of rational treatment and conducted on the same general health principles as the Battle Creek (Mich.) Sanitarium. The buildings are equipped with all modern conveniences, including Steam Heating, Electric Lights, Elevators, Gymnasium; Baths of every description, including the Electric- Light Bath, Massage, and Manual Swedish Movements; Electricity in every form. Classified Dietary, Laboratory of Hygiene for bacteriological, chemical, and microscopical investigations; experienced Physicians and well-trained Nurses of both sexes. No contagious or offensive diseases are received in the institution. Write for catalogue and card of rates. Address — Boulder-Colorado Sanitarium, Boulder, Colorado, TRI-CITY SANITARIUM, Moline, Ill.

N institution of physiological therapeutics equipped with every appliance that modern A science can provide for the treatment of the sick; including Galvanic, Static, Sinusoidal, and Faradic electricity, X-ray, Violet ray, and radiant heat of all kinds. A gymnasium and a Swedish mechanical movement and massage department are at the disposal of the patient. These are fully equipped, and include vibration of every kind beneficial to invalids. Besides the above, the splendidly equipped treatment-rooms provide for the use of all forms of hydrotherapy, such as electric-light baths, hydro-electric baths, Nauheim baths, sham- poos, salt glows, and packs of all kinds. Contagious and infectious diseases not received. A postal will bring a beautifully illustrated booklet free.

When you write to our advertisers, please say, "I saw your ' ad.' in LIFE AND HEALTH,"