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FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT

OF THE

Territorial Superintendent of Public Health

TO THE

Governor and Sixth Legislative Assembly

OF THE

Territory of Oklahoma.

For the Years 1899 and 1900.

FIFTH BIENNIAL REPORT

OF THE

Territorial Superintendent of Public Health

TO THE

Governor and Sixth Legislative Assembly

OF THE

Territory of Oklahoma.

For the Years 1899 and 1900. 1

Territorial Board of Health.

HON. S. N. HOPKINS. President, .... Guthrie. B. F. HAMILTON, M. D., Vice-President, - - - Shawnee. L. HAYNES BUXTON, M. D., Oklahoma City. Secretary and Superintendent of Public Health. Office of the Superintendent of Public Health and Secretary of the Terri­ torial Board of Health.

OKLAHOMA CITY, December 1, 1900. To His Excellency, Governor C. M. Barnes, and the Honorable LcgisUttive Assembly of Oklahoma:

GENTLEMEN: In accordance with Chapter 8, Statutes of Okla­ homa Territory, I have the honoT to submit herewith my biennial report for the period ending November 30, 1900. Respectfully, L. HAYNES BUXTON, M. D., Superintendent of Public Health.

Introductory.

During the past biennial period the Territorial Board of Health has been called upon to perform a larger amount of work and incur greater responsibilities than has been the case in all its combined previous history. This increased work has been due to numerous causes, among which we notice, the rapid development and increase of population of towns and cities, demanding better and more systematic protection from violation of sanitary laws; many towns have become cities and the conditions that have here­ tofore been tolerated cannot longer exist under the changed con­ ditions. Again, greatly increased immigration has constantly brought in its train contagious and infectious diseases, many heretofore unknown in some sections of the Territory; new points of infec­ tion having constantly been started from this increase of travel. To keep control of these new conditions has taken time and money. Under existing laws the Board has been inadequately prepared and equipped to administer the sanitary affairs of the Territory to the greatest safety of our people. In order to keep this report within a volume that shall be of the greatest utility,we have only recorded here the more import­ ant proceeding of the Superintendent of Public Health and the Territorial Board of Health. As required by Statute, under a seperate head will be found advice as to medical legislation, to meet the large increase in population and changed conditions that have occurred since our present Medical and Sanitary law was enacted in 1890. The correspondence of the Secretary of the Board has re­ quired the constant employment of a stenographer during the past eighteen months. This correspondence covers a wide field. In­ quiry comes from all parts of the world—from invalids asking for information as to climate and its effect in specific diseases; from 6 Territorial Board of Health. homeseekers desiring to know of the healthfulness of the country, its sanitary condition, prevailing diseases, etc., etc.; from manu­ facturing firms inquiring as to food products; from physicians ask­ ing for medical information and a knowledge of our medical laws; from health boards seeking information as to prevelance of con- tageous diseases and from every town and postoffice of our own Territory comes inquiries concerning all departments of public health-—a demand for the abatement of nuisances, for the quaran­ tine and protection from contagious diseases, for the enforcement of the Medical Law and for the most advisable methods of pro­ cedure in handling sanitary questions. All these letters have in the past been carefully answered in most instances on the day of arrival. The correspondence of the Board today will alone cost in postage and service of typewriter at least five hundred dollars per annum. Official Proceedings of the Superintendent of Public Health.

INFORMATION AS TO THE GENERAL SANITARY CONDI TIONS OF THE TERRITORY, TOGETHER WITH CHANGES IN THE PRESENT LAWS RECOMMENDED FOR THE BET TER PROTECTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE PRE VENTION AND CURE OF CONTAGIOUS AND INFECT 10US DISEASES.

It cannot but be with some misgivings that I comply with the requirements of our laws, to suggest for your consideration enactments to meet the needs of the Territory along public health lines. Since the enactment of our first medical law in 1890, no legislature has changed or added to that law. Every Superin­ tendent of Public Health has set forth in his biennial report, sug­ gestions of sanitary reform measures based' on long experience such as he has believed to be the duty of the legislature to enact, to better protect and preserve the health of the people of this Ter ritory. Notwithstanding all this, no legislature has rendered any aid in this direction by any additions or changes in our health laws. The various health boards and the Territorial Board of Health certainly look with hope to the Sixth Legislature to bring into effect some of the laws we have waited for so patiently. We anticipate that the sanitary needs of the hour will occupy the attention of this body. Adequate Appropriation for the Territorial Board of Health: Although the work of the Territorial Board of Health is ten times greater than it was in 1890, yet for the past ten years the appro­ priation has been approximately the same per year. If $1,800 for the biennial period ten years ago was deemed a wise amount to be expended by the Territorial Board of Health, then certainly three times that amount at the present time would be relatively 8 Territorial Board of Health. smaller. The amount of work demanded now is ten times greater than that demanded ten years ago. The Bulletin of Health: The means of communication between the many boards of health—The Health Bulletin—was discon­ tinued in 1899 owing to the want of sufficient appropriation to continue the same. This was a severe blow to all branches of public health service in the Territory as this means of communica­ tion had been found very valuable. It was with great reluctance that the Board could not grant the petitions that came from nearly all the counties for the continuance of the Bulletin. The preparation of the Bulletin involved a large amount of work by the Superintend­ ent yet we were only too glad to do a work which had proven so valuable to the health officers and the health boards. The Board's Exhibit at Paris: In 1899 we prepared at our own expense and forwarded to the Paris International Exposition, an exhibit consisting of reports, blanks, certificates of information, Bulletins of Health issued by our Board, together with an outline of our method of work in Sanitation. In November, 1900, we were notified that we had been awarded a silver medal upon our very creditable display. I have recently been requested to furnish a similar exhibit at Buffalo next year for the Pan-American Exposition, and in compliance with the request, have ordered the exhibit at Paris sent to Buffalo. Amendments to Medical Practice Act: Two important changes should be made in Section 14, Chapter 8, of the Statutes of 1893. The first that I would suggest would be to repeal that part of the act allowing the registration of non-graduates of medicine.. After more than ten years have passed away, all persons in the Territory have had ample time to qualify themselves and those who are qualified have received certificates upon examination. I would also recommend that no person be allowed a certificate who has not taken a regular course in some one of the many medi­ cal colleges of the country, such colleges should not be "diploma mills" but reputable colleges of medicine. Hundreds of excellent physicians who have taken a thorough course are looking to Okla­ homa for a field of work and every illy prepared charletan who locates here only blocks up the way for some better man who would work at a much lower price and with far greater safety to the peo­ ple. A certificate to practice medicine in Oklahoma should be evidence that the person holding the same is qualified to prescribe for the sick. The eyes of the world have turned toward Okla­ homa and the class of "fakes" whose stock in trade consists of their own conceit and whose diplomas are either purchased outright or who have no diploma at all, should certainly find that Oklahoma has no room for them. Recently there have located in this Territory parties who claim to issue diplomas, who are not prepared to teach Territorial Board of Health. 9 a school physiology, to say nothing of higher branches. Schools of Electro-Magnetic healing have sprung up in many of the towns of the Territory. A second amendment should be of such a nature as to prevent the traveling physician from doing business in Oklahoma. Any person who is not willing to locate in the Territory should at least pay a license of considerable amount for the privilege of traveling from town to town and fleecing his victims. The fact is, the diseased class of humanity should be protected from these traveling "hyenas" who prey upon their weaknesses. It is not the doctors of the Territory that need protection, they can take care of themselves*, but it is the weak, diseased class of humanity that should be protected, and such protection should be of as ade­ quate a nature as the protection extended to human life in other directions. A number of instances have come under my notice in which the work of this disreputable class, has resulted not only in untold misery to their victims but in death itself. Adulteration of Food Products: Another law that should re­ ceive your serious consideration, is the prevention of the adulter­ ation of food products. In a number of states adequate laws have been enacted1 to prevent the adulteration of food products. This has only caused the manufacturers of these adulterated products to look for other places in which to extend their trade, and Okla­ homa has become the dumping ground for this class of goods. It is true that in most instances death does not result immediately from these adulterations but many of these products are very dis­ astrous to health. Among some of the most serious of these adulterations is the preservation of canned food products by chemicals; mineral acid vinegars; poisonous baking powders and coloring used in food products. An act making it possible to punish all persons placing on the markets adulterated food prod­ ucts is not in itself sufficient; some special person should be ap­ pointed as inspector of food products in even- large town and in every county. Territorial Board of Health Library: During the past ten years the Superintendents of Public Health of Oklahoma have gathered together a library of considerable value. The same contains at least one thousand volumes and consists of reports of nearly all state boards of health of the United States and many of foreign countries; it also contains some of the best and most advanced writings of Sanitary Science. Provision should be made for the care of this library. If the Superintendent of Public Health were in­ structed to secure a proper room and take care of the library, the same could be done at an expense not to exceed $125. per year. The library properly arranged would occupy the large part of the 10 Territorial Board of Health. space of one small room: Cases should be purchased in which to keep these books free from' damage. The library serves the best purpose when in the hands of the Territorial Board of Health. If no provision can be made for the care of this library, then I be lieve the same should be turned over into the hands of the Terri­ torial Librarian to become a part of the Territorial library. As the library is used largely by the Territorial Board of Health this would not be so convenient and I believe it would serve a greater usefulness if provision were made for the renting of a room for its care, by the Secretary of the Board. Vital Statistics: No provision in the laws of this Territory exists requiring that records be kept of births and deaths. This is a serious omission and former legislatures have been frequently informed in regard to the same. In order to obtain an accurate idea of the healthfulness of our Territory, an accurate record of deaths, the cause of same, etc., should be kept. The fact that the body of any person can be buried at any time in Oklahoma and no questions asked is />nly a means of making crime more easy to hide. No person should be buried in Oklahoma until a certificate of burial had been issued by some persons appointed for that purpose. I shall present at the proper time, for your consideration, an act for the registration of deaths in Oklahoma Territory, requiring certificates of death before burial. Although it would be a wise provision to have the record of births also, yet the registration of deaths is far more important.

THE APPOINTMENT OF A TERRITORIAL CHEMIST AND MICROSCOPIST.

The Territorial Board of Health is often called upon for an opinion as to the purity of water, and for an anyalsis of the same. Again, al­ though we may be almost morally certain that certain foods are adul­ terated and deleterious to health, nevertheless we have not at our command the necessary means for making an anyalsis that would stand in prosecuting violation of our pure food act. Again, in the diagnosis of contagious disease it is often necessary to make a micro­ scopical examination of germ life. In many other ways it is essen tial to the proper execution of our health law that the expert ser­ vices of a chemist and microscopist is demanded. No provision is made for the employment by the Board of a skilled chemist or micro­ scopist as should be the case. I believe that it would be advisable to appoint some person as Territorial Chemist and microscopist whose services should be at all times at the command of the Territor­ ial Board of Health. Such a person should receive a stipulated sal ary. Territorial Hoard of Health. 11

Smallpox Epidemic of 1899 and 1900: A large portion of the United States has recently been visited by an unusual epidemic of smallpox. The same has created a widespread interest owing to its mild form. Its first appearance caused a large amount of dis­ cussion, many refusing to treat the disease as Variola. The dis­ ease appeared in Oklahoma during the session of the last legisla­ ture. The height of the epidemic occurred in the winter of 1900. It yet exists in certain towns and localities in many parts of the Territory. It was months after the first appearance of the dis­ ease before the true nature of the epidemic was understood; the laity and even the medical profession in some instances admitting with reluctance that the disease was smallpox. The very mildness of the disease made it most difficult to handle. In many instances the Health Boards of the Territory were subjected to ridicule and abuse (by persons who should have had more respect for them­ selves) because of the stand taken by them in demanding that the cases be properly quarantined and treated according to well estab­ lished rules of sanitary science. Not less than six thousand cases have been reported in the Territory with a death list of more than seventy persons. Although the average death rate is small, nevertheless the number is large to be charged up to the account of a preventable disease, as is smallpox. For months the disease received my own personal attention. I visited nearly every sec­ tion of the Territory and personally saw hundreds of cases. Some of the conclusions we have reached are, first; that the most effi­ cient method that we have and the one involving the least expend­ iture of money is the universal vaccination of the people whenever smallpox is epidemic. In many sections of the country only when this method has been thoroughly carried out have the health boards been able to stamp out the disease. In hundreds of in­ stances it has been undoubtedly proven that vaccination does pro­ tect from smallpox and that wherever the disease does occur it is in all cases greatly modified, in fact scarcely perceptable in those who have been protected by vaccination. Prompt disinfection and isolation with the above will soon stamp ont the disease. In numerous instances contagion from the modified form of smallpox —very mild cases—has caused maligant and confluent smallpox, resulting in death; j>ersoiis have contracted this virulent form of the disease even from mild cases of varioloid. On the other hand, some of the more severe forms of the disease have given rise to very mild attacks. Many are the diseases encountered by the physicians that are not preventable but contagions diseases come under the head of preventable diseases and the people of the Territory have a right to demand that such diseases be promptly eradicated. Yet we regret to report that in too many instances parsimonious meth­ ods have been employed by our county commissioners: In some 12 Territorial Board of Health.

instances the people themselves have with reluctance submitted to quarantine regulations. The bigotry and unreasonableness of those who have set their faces against the regulations prescribed for the protection of public health cannot be too strongly de­ nounced. The health officer, who in many instances has devoted years of time to a thorough understanding of contagious diseases, is far better to judge of the best methods to be employed in abat­ ing the disease, than are those without practical experience who have their attention called to the disease as it appears in their community. Yet too often the latter are the last in admitting that the health officer's methods deserve recognition. A health officer having been selected for a county, acting under advice and in constant communication with the Territorial Board, should re­ ceive the hearty support of such a county. If this had been the case during the last epidemic of smallpox, the people would have been more thoroughly protected and much money would have re mained in the treasuries of the counties that was expended in stamping out the disease after it had secured a foothold. This epidemic has received the careful consideration of all health bodies of the United States, the disease which has presented itself in so mild a form and sailed under the name of "Cuban Chicken- pox," "Cuban Itch," "Ohickenpox," etc., etc., is recognized by all as genuine smallpox. We would refer in this connection to the many valuable facts recorded in the various reports of the County Superintendents of Public Health found elsewhere in this report, which corroborates in every particular the statements above given. County Boards of Health.

Reports from the County Boards of Health. The following reports from the county health officers of the various counties of the Territory is worthy of special consider­ ation and I hope may receive your close attention. During the past biennial period these men, in order to faith­ fully discharge the duties required of them by the Statutes of this Territory have often times, in fact in nearly all instances, sacrificed much time for which they have been poorly paid. If it was alone time spent, these men could have gone forward and performed their work, but many times public opposition and bigotry combined to­ gether to ruin the private business of the health officers. In no state or territory has a body of men been found who more fear­ lessly i>erformed their work than has been the case with the Superintendents of Health of the various counties and great credit is due them for the splendid results obtained. The work of the various county boards has been more thoroughly done than at any period in the history of the Territory. The monthly reports, re­ quired by the Statutes of the Territory, have come in with general regularity. In many instances the health officers have com­ plained that physicians have failed to report contagious diseases to them as required by our laws, this has been a matter greatly to be regretted by all who have the interest of the health of the Territory at heart. Nearly every county board of the Territory have asked that the present legislature clearly define what the compensation of the County Health Board shall be. One thing is absolutely nec­ essary in order that county boards of health shall be able to do their work with dispatch and that is, the prompt payment of bills incurred by health officers. The county board of health is en­ tirely competent to judge of the necessary expenses to be incurred in order to protect the health of their county, in fact, they are the only persons who are properly qualified to judge. Emergencies are constantly arising when the county board of health must act 14 Territorial Board of Health. with celerity. As it is absolutely necessary that expense be in­ curred in order to put down contagious disease, abate nuisances and do other sanitary work, it follows that the power to pay such expenses should be in the hands of the men who order the work performed. In some instances County Commissioners have re­ fused to issue warrants for money wisely expended by County Boards of Health. This has caused great hardship and unnecessary expenses, seriously crippling the work of the Board. Not alone this but more disastrous results to the public health service of the Ter­ ritory in many counties occurred. Some of the best men that were employed in public health work refused longer to donate their time to public service and stand the abuse that was heaped upon them. During the year many of the oldest and most experienced members of County Boards of Health have resigned. Owing to the prevailing conditions in Some instances proper men could not be found to take their places. In fact, in nearly all instances it was with reluctance that men could be found to fill the positions. From this time on, County Boards of Health will have much work to do in our more populous counties, as they are in many instances the only health officers residing in the county; hence compensation adequate for the work required of these Boards should be pro vided. The following is a roster of the County Boards of the Terri­ tory: COUNTY BOARDS OF HEALTH.

COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS PRESIDENTS VICE-PREMDENTS

Mr. T L Floyd s I)r. Phas; F MeRli-ath. FH TLc.nn Mr H W Kellne-e Dr. L. T. Smith « Dr. E H Cooke © Dr. C. J. K. Moore, Butte Dr. Granville Speer. Dr. S. E. Knight, Enid Mr. J D McGlll Dr. R. E. Moss Dr. Robt. F. O'Rear © Mr. C. W. Edwards Dr. G.'F. Border. a Dr W D Ezell Newkirk Dr. H W Shaffer Mr. G. W. Moss a, l>r. W A Hedrick Mr. Henry H. Dodd Dr. W. M. Hatfield. Noble Dr. E. E. Doggett, Perry Oklahoma Dr. R. A. Perisho. Dr. G. H. Phillips, Pawnee Dr. E. G. Newell. Hattie R. Darnell Dr. S. M. Barnes. Dr. L. P. Dean, Shawnee Mr John H Allen Dr. H. H. Wilson. Dr. J. P. Miller, Cheyenne Mr W B Stovall Dr. T. E. Sandifer. Dr. F. D. Robinson, Cloud Chief Dr. J. E. Farber. Dr. Ira B. Bartle. Dr. J. M. Workman, Woodward Dr. J. C. Whitacker.

w

Report of the County Superintendents of Health.

BEAVER COUNTY. Mr. T. L. Floyd, Beaver, President; Dr. Charles Judkins, Kenton, Vice-President; Dr. Ivevi S. Munsell, Heaver. Superintendent and Secretary. L. Ilaynes Buxton, M. D., Territorial Superintendent of Health: Dear Doctor:—In answer to your request for my official re­ port as Superintendent of Health for Beaver County, I beg leave to submit the following: The population of the county |l!K)0j is 3,0 ">1. Since our county is l(i(i miles long, extending from Woodward County on the east to New Mexico on the west, and about 40 miles north and south, it will be seen that the county is sparsely settled. We have an industrious, thrifty people, with scarcely a pauper in the county. The altitude is. at this place, about 2,600 feet, with a gradual increase in elevation westward1. We are practically out of the reach of malaria and have very little typhoid fever; with a resi­ dence in the county of three and one-half years, I have only heard of two or three cases, and have only seen one well-marked case. That case had its source, I think, from a stream near the dwelling house, from which the family used water for all purposes, hauling the water in an open barrel. Since we know typhoid fever to be propagated by a specific germ, the cause of this case was somewhat obscure, as the oldest citizens declared that they had never heard of a case of the dis­ ease on that stream, and the patient had been almost constantly at home for a long time. The county is well watered by streams, and good water can be had almost anywhere by digging. Sanitary condition of county is good. Consumption, asthma and chronic bronchial diseases are seldom seen and what few cases we see come from sections farther east. Dipthoria is rare; I have not met a case. 18 Territorial Board of Health.

Owing to the constant south winds and our distance from traveled thoroughfares, contagious diseases have seldom visited us. I have, however, to report three cases of smallpox in a mild form, as having occurred in Benton township in June last. A quaran­ tine was placed around them, together with a small tract of coun­ try taking in all persons known to have been exposed. This was attended by some friction with the people most directly interested. No new cases occurred, and no deaths resulted. The disease was brought in by a young man coining directly from the Cherokee Nation. In November, when the late Dr. Lindsey was Superintendent of Health, a complaint was made to the Board that there was a case of smallpox in School District No. 1, iii the west end of the county, and that the whole district was exposed to the disease. We ac­ cordingly quarantined the district. No more cases developed and no deaths. In December, 18!)!), then again in March, 1900, (Dr. John Coburn Superintendent), complaints came to the Board that smallpox existed just west of our county line in New Mexico. Three deaths were reported as having occurred there. In each instance quarantine was established to prevent the disease from spreading over into this county. In April, May and June, 1900, scarlet fever and measles ex­ isted in this part of the county, two deaths from scarlet fever and one from measles came to our knowledge. During the desquim- ative stage of measles a child was attacked by scarlet fever with fatal results. Many of the cases in the remote parts of the county were not reported to me. All cases occurring within my knowl­ edge were lawfully quarantined, disinfected and buildings fumi­ gated, with the result that we have had no cases of either disease since July 2, 1900. Our County Commissioners are competent, careful men and allow all lawful bills audited by the Board of Health. The ex­ penditures of the Board for the last year have been as follows: For members Board of Health.$55.00 For telegrams 9.58 For guards 94.50

Total $159.08 Since the first of July the health of the county has been ex- eremely good, with the exception of the past three weeks, in which time wTe have had some diarrhea and dysentery, caused, I think, Territorial Board of Health. 19

by the sudden change to cold weather in September, accompanied with cold rains. Two fatal cases of dysentc.y have come to my knowledge. I know something of Eastern Oklahoma and am quite sure that Beaver County is the most healthy county in the Territory. We have very little pneumonia, despite the sharp, cold winds »ve sometimes have during the winter months. Yours very truly, LEVI S. MUNSELL, M. D. Superintendent of Public Health.

BLAINE COUNTY. Mr. T.J. Ballow, Watonga, President; Dr. Paul Nesbitt, Watonga, Vice President; Dr. E. W. Van Brunt, Watonga, Secretary and Superintendent. Dr. L. Haynes Buxton: Dear Sir and Doctor:—The health of Blaine County for the past year has been exceedingly good. Cases of typhoid frver have not been as prevalent as heretofore. We have had about twenty- four cases of smallpox, mostly of a mild form, although soint cases have assumed a malignant type. Out of I he twenty-four casas There were two deaths. The disease was prevented from spread­ ing by vigorous efforts of the Board of Health, strict .iiiarantine, vaccination and disinfection. Res{>eetful]y yours. E. W. VAN BRUNT, M D. Superintendent of Health. The population of the county is 10,058.

CANADIAN COUNTY'. Mr. H. H. Kellogg, El Reno, President; Dr. H. Greenland, Okarche, Vice-President; Dr. Charles McElrath, El Reno, Superintendent and Secretary. 20 Territorial Board of Health.

Report of Dr. William J. Muzzy, Ex Superintendent of Public Health of Canadian County. (Dr. Muzzv fo" almost three years was Secretary of the Canadian County Hoard and made a very efficient officer, resigning only a few months ago.) Di\ L. Huynes Buxton, Territorial Superintendent of Public Health, Oklahoma City, O. T. Dear Doctor:—Health conditions in this county had continued practically the same as in previous years until October 27, 1899, when a case of smallpox was reported in Y'ukon. I saw the case on the date mentioned and in consultation with Dr. E. L. Shirley, of Yukon, a man of great experience with this disease, made a diagnosis of smallpox. Dr. L. Haynes Buxton, Territorial Superintendent of Public Health, came that evening, and after visiting the case, confirmed the diagnosis. There had been many exposures to this patient and prompt measures were at once adopted to prevent the spread of the infection. Not more than eight or nine persons acquired' the disease from this person. In a reasonable length of time all the patients were dischargei and all quarantine removed. The disease soon reappeared, however, in various widely separated parts of the county. The character of the disease was as a rule mild, and in some instances it was scarcely necessary for the patient to be in bed. Discussion then arose as to the true character of the disease. Physicians who were in the habit of thinking carefully and who wer^ accustomed to viewing matters from every possible standpoint, and also those physicians whose experience with variola covered hundreds of cases, declared it smallpox. Dentists, editors, blacksmiths, mer­ chants, lawyers, farmers and clerks, however avowed it was not smallpox, but "Cuban itch," and much sport was made of "our smallpox scare." In every instance every possible precaution was taken to prevent the spread of the disease and such provisions as were possible were made for the comfort of the persons quar­ antined. In December it appeared necessary to have some phy­ sician attend those cases exclusively. Accordingly, an immune physician was employed by the Hoard of Health. He served faith­ fully until the worst was over, when he was discharged at his own request. In December, also, the Board of Health, after due thought and consideration, ordered that all pupils of the El Reno city schools should be vaccinated or cease their attendance. This order was enforced. A wail went up from the evening press be cause of the suffering caused by the practice of such a relic of barbarism and references were made to the "rich harvest the vac- cine-quill-manipulators were reaping." On January 4, the first death from smallpox occurred—the wife of a prominent farmer. Territorial Hoard of Health. 21

A leading paper explained her death as due to other causes and as "having been expected by her friends months before she was supposed to have had smallpox and before she was vaccinated." Unfortunately she firmly refused vaccination. New cases came in from time to time; some dropi>ed off freight trains at night' some were discovered in hotels; some were found in wagors moving to other parts of the Territory; one generous town outside of this county sent a case in a box car. All were cared for as well as possible. It became, however, a very thankless task. The Board of Health had almost no help except from members of the medical pro­ fession and the profession had very little, indeed, except from a iew men of noble character and generous impu'-os who are found in every community, who are always on the siil'1 of wisdom and prudence. The newsapers of the county look a hostile attitude to the Board of Health and also to the physicians. Vaccination was decried by them and cases of deaths occurring were in some instances publicly attributed to the result of vaccination, when there was no foundation in fact for such statements. The public, which it is so well known, can scarcely tolerate restraint, espec­ ially the ignorant part of it, needed very little of this sort of lit­ erature to convert them into very hostile persons; hence the work of the Health Board was rendered very difficult. The Board of the County Commissioners, instead of giving its supi>ort to the Board of Health, placed obstacles in its way, until it finally be­ came practically impossible to enforce any order, or to obtain such things as were indispensable for the carrying on of the work. Only for the sheriff, who always rendered every service within his ability, our work would have been still more impeded. The bills occurring as a result of the epidemic, after having been audited by the Health Board, as the statutes direct, were in many instances either greatly reduced or disallowed entirely. Many persons who rendered faithful service, in many instances incurring considerable personal risk, are still without payment. The immune physician before referred to, has not yet received payment; neither has the County Superintendent of Health. The exact number of cases is not known, as it was impossible in some instances to get the pa­ tient's names. I think, however, there were sixty or seventy cases in Canadian county, and twenty-two in the Kiowa and Comanche country, annexed to this county for judicial purposes. Of the whole number there were about four deaths. The expense of the epidemic is not known, as many appeals were made from the de­ cision of the Board of County Commissioners and are now on file in the District Court awaiting adjudication.

Sporadic cases of scarlet fever were reported during the winter of 1899-1900, a few deaths being due to that disease. No fatalities 22 Territorial Board of Health. from diphtheria have been reported. Typhoid fever and malaria are not reported. I believe there has been an unusual number of cases of malaria this year. Yours fraternally, WILLIAM J. MUZZY, M. D., Ex-Superintendent of Public Health.

CLEVELAND COUNTY. Mr. E. L. Cralle, Norman, President; Dr. L. T. Smith, Lexington, Vice-President; Dr. S. J. Elmore, Norman, Superintendent of Public Health and Secretary. Dr. L. Haynes Buxton, Territorial Superintendent of Public Health, Oklahoma City. O. T. Dear Doctor:—In response to your request, I herewith send you my biennial report of Cleveland County. I can give but a meager report up to last February, as that was the time at which I took charge of the superintendency and I find no records up to that time. At the time of my assuming the position of County Superintend­ ent, our county was being swept by smallpox and in my endeavors to quarantine I met with all kinds of opposition, including even that of the President of the Board of Health, as well as the press of the county; the business men of Norman and the county offi­ cials, especially the County Attorney. I did the best possible under the circumstances and finally succeeded in getting control of the disease. There are at this time a few cases in Norman, but they are under quarantine. We have also a few cases of scarlatina in Norman, which are also under quarantine. I had one case of diphtheria near Moore, but by the free use of Formaldehyde, used by generation, I succeeded in confining the disease to the one child, although there were several other children in the family. I think I can confidently recommend the use of Formaldehyde in all such cases. The estimated expense of the County Board of Health for the past two years is $784.95. The actual expense for the past epi- 'Territorial Board of Health. 23

deinic was $740.95. I estimate the number of cases of smallpox in Cleveland County at 400, from February 1st. 1899, to the pres­ ent time, with 8 or 10 deaths directly due to the disease. The census of 1900 shows the population of Cleveland County to be 16,388. The sanitary conditions of this county are bad, due to the excessive growth of vegetation along the highways and small streams, and imperfect drainage. Malaria has been unusually prevalent this Autumn. I found, during my efforts to establish and carry out quar­ antine measures, that a mistake had been made by our legislature, in making the Count; Superintendent of Schools the President of the Board of Health. If a contagious disease occurs during the time of year that schools are in session, the most effective blows must be struck at it through the schools, for they are the greatest source of infection. Thus the duties of School Superin­ tendent and the President of the Board of Health become antag­ onistic, for as Sujierintendent of Schools he is desirous of a good showing for his schools in the way of attendance. Again he op­ poses anything like compulsory vaccination as he wishes to become a candidate for the office again and does not wish to offend the parents. The President of the Board of Health should be a phy­ sician as well as the Vice-President and Superintendent, as only physicians are competent to act on a Board of Health. The law defining who are practitioners of medicine should be amended so as to cut off "Weltmerisni and Faith Curists," and all other like charlatans. I thing, also, that all physicians should be compelled to re­ port all births, deaths and contagious diseases. In my opinion, after accounts have been made by the County Board of Health, and audited and allowed' by them, they should not be subject to revision by the County Commissioners and dis­ allowed. The Board of Health, being composed of three conscien­ tious, honest men, are capable of making contracts and are better calculated to pass on and allow or disallow bills made by their Board, than the County Commissioners, who know but little about it. We now have a case in point where the Board hired Dr. L. T. Smith, who is Vice-President of our Board, to establish and super­ intend quarantine at Lexington, at $3.00 per day. He presented his account to the County Commissioners, as required by law, after it had been audited and allowed by the Board of Health, and they disallowed it on the grounds that no one could draw pay for quarantine work, but the Superintendent of the Board of Health. Of course he can collect by a suit at law. but the laws zi Territorial Hoard of Health. should be amended so that no question of proper compensation for these very unpleasant duties could arise. No one wants to undertake a piece of work where he knows it will take an action at law to collect his pay. Respectfully submitted, S. J. ELMORE, M. D. County Suj>erintendeiit of Health.

CUSTER COUNTY'. Population, 12,264.

Mr. T. C. Bynuni, Arapahoe, President; Dr. E. H. Cooke, Weather ford, Y'ice-President; Dr. Robert McCullough, Arapahoe, Secre­ tary and Superintendent. Dr. L. Haynes Buxton. Dear Doctor:—With the filling up of our country so rapidly with settlers from all parts of the land, diseases we did not have in former years have been introduced. Among these are dip- theria, smallpox and scarlet fever. Of diptheria but five or six cases have been known—all directly tract able to importation of germs from abroad. Of scarlet fever.—The first epidemic has come to us within the present month. Before this isolated cases only were known. The present epidemic has broken out in two places in the county, viz.: At Weatherford and "Valley View" School District, thirty or forty cases in all. The disease is of the mildest form. The throat trouble alone furnishing any difficulty. . Of Smallpox.—Two separate epidemics have visited us. The first in January, 1900. of the hemorrhagic type; the second in April and May, of a very mild type. No deaths occurred in this county from this disease. The County Commissioners very kindly aided the Health Officer and encouraged him to start early and work thoroughly to eradicate the disease. And though nearly $2,000 were spent in looking after the quarantine, only words of praise and encouragement came from our county officers. Epidemics of measles, of remittent and typho-malaria fevers have visited us, but these we look for occasionally; the first three diseases {mentioned we consider as foreigners, the less we see of them the better. Each of these diseases has been prevalent to a considrable extent and of great severity. Each has claimed its quota of deaths. However, the death ratio has been smaller from these diseases than is the case in any state in which I have resided. Territorial Board of Health. 25

Were it not for the dugouts in which so many are compelled to live when first coming to this new country our death rate would be close to nothing from either. We have many cases of quinsy, la grippe, pneumonia and kidney troubles; the first two of these have not caused many deaths but the last two have worked fearful havoc. Our people do not as a rule know how to dress and take care of themselves during the winter months so as to avoid pneumonia, and our hard gyp-water ruins weak kidneys. Deaths from summer complaints have been very few. I attribute this to the coolness of our summer nights that differ so from the summer nights back in the states. On the whole our country has been exceedingly healthy. "Dis tressingly healthy," our doctors say, as their last dime is thrown on the counter for a cigar. Asthmatics and consumptives are coming to our county in hope of finding relief and help. While we believe that our county will help many, we believe most of them would do better to go farther west and higher above the sea level. This has been a great county for cattle raising and one of the most frequent complaints coming to the Health Officer has been to look after dead animals left near the public roads or in some stream of water. But this is about over now, as the "man with the hoe" has homesteaded all the grass. Custer boasts of three towns now. Weatherford, population, 1,500; Arapahoe, 500; Independence, 200. During the last two years the county has paid its Health Officer about $250, and spent about $2,500 on Board of Health business. Sincerely yours, ROBERT M. M'CULLOUGH, M. D. County Superintendent of Health.

DAY COUNTY. Mr. J. L. Mercer, Grand, President; Mr. Cosmo Falconer, Red- moon, Vice-President; Dr. O. C. Newman, Grand, Superin­ tendent of Public Health and Secretary. L. Haynes Buxton, M. D., Oklahoma City, O. T. 1 hereby present my biennial report of Day County as follows: Day County has a population of 2,173. At present there are no contagious diseases in our county and the sanitary condition is perfect. The first Board of Health was organized in Day 26 Territorial Board of Health.

County, January 30, 1900, and since organization during the smallpox epidemic, the total expense has been $2,350.71. The first case of smallpox occurred January 19, 1900, near the center of the county. At this quarantine cam]) two variola and five vara- loid cases occurred, with one death. In the eastern portion of the county there were fifteen other cases, semi-confluent; very light, no1 deaths. All cases were very carefully quarantined, and by so doing the disease was confined to the first cases. All health officers were very faithful in performing their duties. There were three deaths in April from membraneous croup. Dr. Lee, of Shirley, had charge of two of them and one was in my practice. I am the only physician within thirty miles of the county seat. I have the honor to submit this report for your approval. Fraternally, O. C. NEWMAN, M. D. Superintendent of Public Health.

DEWEY COUNTY. Mr. C. K. Gary, Taloga, President, Dr. Granville Speere, Taloga, Vice- President, Dr. C. J. K. Moore, Butte, Superintendent and Sec'y. To Dr. L. Haynes Buxton, Superintendent of Public Health. Dear Doctor: Owing to the difficulties that have beset the path way of the Superintendent of Public Health of this County, I have a )nuniber of times been on the point of resigning and giving up the work. My reasons for discouragement and willingness to relinquish so thankless a job is: 1st. That during the summer we had in this county, sixteen cases of modified Smallpox, all of which recovered without any bad results or the spread of the disease, in a single instance, beyond the (families where it originated; source of contagion supposed to be Kingfisher. The total cost to the county for this epidemic as audited by County Board of Health was about $700.00 (Seven hundred dollars.) Our generous Board of County Commissioners allowed the enormous sum of $300.00 (Three hundred dollars), consequently the Superintendent of Health in Dewey County has incurred the abuse of nurses, guards, etc. who were employed for not receiving the amount allowed and agreed upon, as well as from the public in general for robbing the county treasury. Territorial Board of Health. 27

2nd. One of the county commissioners assured me that the Vice-President of Dewey County Board of Health told him that there had not been a case of Smallpox in the county notwithstanding the fact that he had not seen any of the cases in question, and also that Dr. Van Brunt of Watonga, Superintendent of Board of Health of Blaine County visited these cases at my request and confirmed my diagnosis of Smallpox 3rd. Dewey County has no less than nine 19) quacks who ply their trade to the injury of legal medical practice and the public health in general. Men high in official positions employ as their family physicians most notorious quacks and violators of our laws, notwithstanding the fact that two regular, qualified physicians reside- within a near distance. 4th. There now exists a few cases of Smallpox in the east side of Dewey County. I informed the President, of the Board of Health of this ten days ago, and through him the County Commissioners ask ing for aid, none has been granted. The health of Dewey county has been much better for the past year that previous to that time, our population has increased rapidly, being 8,819. The board of Health has been considerably handicapped by the 'poor support given by the county officers, especially county com­ missioners who invariably disallow the bills of parties doing work for said board or only allowed a small part of the same. During the past year we have had twenty cases of typhoid, fever, no fatalities. Six cases of Diphtheria, one death, sixteen cases Smallpox, no deaths or bad results. The superintendent of the Board of Health had nearly all the work to do in the Smallpox epidemic. The Board of County Com­ missioners By Voice indorsed the action of the Superintendent of Health, but failed to give any other assistance, and when the bills for nurses, guards and general expense came in they only allowed such part as seemed best to them, consequently they were compelled to accept the amount allowed, or resort to the courts, to collect the full amount. The sheriff of Dewey County, W. F. Hotton, Esq., gave us vai uable assistance and we are indebted to Dr. E. W. Van Brunt, Sup jerintendent of the Board of Health of Blaine County, O. T., for aid in diagnosis and treatment. Respectfully, C. J. K. MOORE, M. D. Superintendent of Public Health. 28 Territorial Board of Health.

GARFIELD COUNTY. Population, 22,076.

Mr. J. I). McGill, Enid, President; Dr. R. E. Moss, Waukomis, Vice- President; Dr. S E. Knight, Enid, Secretary and Superin­ tendent. L. Haynes Buxton, M. D., Secretary Territorial Board of Health. Dear Doctor:—As Superintendent of the County Board of Health for Garfield County, I have the honor to submit to you the following report: On account of the death of Dr. G. W. Fairgrieve, which oc­ curred August 21, 1900, many of the papers belonging to the office of the Board of Health are lost, having been destroyed by persons who considered them worthless. During the past two years, from October 1, 1399, to September I, 1900, cases reported to this office sum up as follows: Measles. 26; scarlet fever, 16; typhoid fever, 1; deaths, 113; tm.-illpoA. 127. The first case of smallpox reported to this office occurred in the family of W. E. Moody, on December 13, 1899, the disease having been brought in by a lady from Blackwell, who was visit­ ing at his house and who was suffering from a mild attack of varioloid, at the time. Mr. Moody contracted a severe case of the confluent type. In December, 1899, there were four cases of smallpox re­ ported in different parts of the county; in January, 1900, there were 14 cases; in February, 12 cases; in'March, 60 cases; in April, 7 cases; in May, 23 cases; in June, 7 cases. In January, 1900, a suitable pest house was erected outside of the city of Enid, and the Boards of Health of the City of Enid and Garfield County com­ bined their efforts to fight the malady. Only one death occurred from smallpox, and that was a man 78 years of age, who was sick and very feeble before con­ tracting the disease. Since June, 1900, no cases of smallpox have been reported to this office. The number of deaths reported each month varied greatly, and are not a full report of all that have occurred, due to the negligence of undertakers and physicians in reporting the same to this office; and I would earnestly solicit legislation on this jKiint to compel them to report the same to the Superintendent of the County Board of Health, on the first of each month. Territorial Board of Health. 29

Our late Superintendent of the County Board, Dr. George W. Fairgrieve, has so thoroughly done his work, that Garfield County is today one of the healthiest counties of Oklahoma, and sanitation is as near perfect as is possible under the existing laws. The laws governing the practice of medicine have been rigidly enforced, and there is not an illegal practitioner in this county. Since the first of October of this present year, 14 cases of diphtheria have been reported to this office from one section of the county, with one death from same. Public nuisances have been suppressed in every instance, a strict quarantine maintained over every case of contagious diseases, and as the people are becoming better enlightened on the subject of infection and contagion, and the laws protecting the health of communities and individuals, they have very obediently assisted the various Boards of Health and lightened the unpleasant burden of duty from the shoulders of the officers of this Board. Bills for the necessary expenses of the office have as a matter of necessity been large, on account of the epidemic of smallpox, and there has been considerable difficulty with the County Com- mssioners to enforce them to allow the same. The paltry fees allowed the Superintendent of the County Board of Health, in the performance of his duty are a poor remun­ eration for the manifold good he bestows upon the community in protecting themselves and their children from the ravages of disease. Trusting that this report, incomplete though it may be, with its various comments will merit' your approval, I remain, Fraternally yours, V E. KNIGHT. M. I)., Superintendent of Public Health.

GRANT COUNTY. Population, 17,273.

Mr. J. II. Ledgerwood, Pond Creek, President; Dr. Robert F. O'Rear, Jefferson, Vice-President; Dr. J. S. Wallace. Ilawley, Superintendent of Public Health and Secretary. Dr. L. Haynes Buxton. Secretary and Superintendent of Public Health, Oklahoma City, O. T. My Dear Doctor:—The past year has been one to try the patience of the County Hoard of Health, and especially the Sec­ retary, on account of the epidemic of smallpox that has invaded 30 Territorial Board of Health. our Territory. It has been a question with many of our physicians whether the epidemic we have just passed through was a modified form of smallpox, or some other eruptive disease, many taking the latter view, and so stating to the public. This condition is what made it so hard for the health officers to enforce quarantine and sanitary rules, violation of quarantine and opposition to en­ forcement has caused the counties nearly double the expense than would otherwise have been the case. I report about 85 cases of smallpox during the past year without a single death. I observed that adults had the disease much harder and the eruption was much more marked than in children. The Board experienced very much difficulty in enforcing quarantine, esj>ecially along the Kansas line. There has been no epidemic of contagious diseases in this county the past year with the exception of smallpox. A few scattered cases of measles have been reported, but we always had a few cases in the county during every month in the year. With two or three exceptions diphtheria is unknown in this county, as is also membraneous croup. Our cities and villages are in good sanitary condition. Our epidemic and expenses of our Board for the last year will cost our county about $500. Fraternally yours, J. S. WALLACE, M. D. Superintendent of Public Health.

KAY COUNTY. Mr. R. M. Burch, Newkirk, President; Dr. H. W. Schafer, Ponca City, Vice-President, Dr. W. D. Ezell, Newkirk, Superintendent of Public Health and Secretary. Dr. L. Haynes Buxton, Superintendent of Public Health, Oklahoma City, O. T. Dear Doctor:—As by your request, I forward to you my bi­ ennial report as to the health and welfare of Kay County. I take pleasure in submitting my record as kept through my term of office. The amount expended by the Kay County Board of Health since my last report is about $1,000. At the present time the population of our county is 22,530, an increase of about 6,000 since my last biennial report. Territorial Board of Health. 31

The past winter our county was visited by an epidemic of smallpox in a mild form. During the epidemic about 1,600 cases of smallpox occurred in various portions of the county. The total number of deaths from smallpox was twelve (12.) A large ma­ jority of the cases were of a very mild form. On account of late diagnosis, the spread of the disease was very great, but by vaccina­ tion and rigid enforcement of quarantine rules, the disease was stamped out. There have been about twenty-five cases of scarlet fever in the county, with three or four deaths. Also a number of cases of measles, no deaths. Our county is in reasonably good sani­ tary condition, there being very few violations of sanitary laws. We have some malarial and typhoid fevers along the larger streams, but the health in general is very good. Parties coming from the east with tubercular troubles, improve very rapidly. I think this a more healthful country than the north and east. Our water supply is good; we have an abundance of good water in the Arkansas river; a number of our streams are fed by pure springs. Our county is prosperous, the people happy, our soil wonderfully rich, and our climate delightful. Thanking you for past favors, I am, W. D. EZELL, M. D., Superintendent of Public Health.

KINGFISHER COUNTY. (Population 18,501.)

Mr. G. D. Moss, Kingfisher, President, Dr. N. Rector, Hennessey, Superintendent and Secretary. L. Haynes Buxton, M. D. Dear Doctor: As Superintendent of Kingfisher County Board of Health, I can only make an incomplete report of the amount of work done by the Board, as Dr. Fisk resigned something like one year ago. and the Board has not had a meeting since. I have quarantined and looked after all cases of smallpox and Diphtheria that have been reported to me, or come under my ob­ servation. We have one family in Hennessey with Smallpox now, but they have been kept under a rigid quarantine, and no spread of the disease will occur in the City. The health of the county is ex­ ceptionally good. 32 Territorial Board of Health.

The expense of the County Board has not been over four hundred dollars, ($400.00), for the past year. This includes the handling of Smallpox cases that were not able to take care of themselves during their quarantine. Fraternally yours, N. RECTOR, M. D., Superintendent of Public Health for Kingfisher County.

LINCOLN COUNTY. Mr. W. L. Johnson, Chandler, President; Dr. W. A. Hedrick, Chand­ ler, Vice-President; Dr. J. J. Evans, Stroud, Secretary and Superintendent. Dr. L. Haynes Buxton, Superintendent of Public Health, Oklahoma Territory. Dear Doctor:—I have the honor to submit the following re­ port as Superintendent of Health of Lincoln County: In reply to your special questions will say that the population of Lincoln County is 26,538. The population is increasing rapidly and the people are generally in a prosperous condition. The per cent of sickenss is less this year than for the last two years. In the years of 1898 and 1899 we had a great amount of c^i—<-w, pearlv every case being malaria in some form. Several deaths occurred later in the summer and autumn but the mor­ tality was low considering the number of cases. Dr. Stiles, of Rossville, reported four cases of scarlet fever recently; no deaths. Dr. Harriman, of Chandler, reported a case of diphtheria, and I saw the case and quarantined same. Anti- toxine was used and two days after case was seen, was reported to be convalescing. Other than these cases there are no cases of contagious disease in the county. At the time I took charge of the office, there was an epidemic of smallpox three miles southwest of Chandler, most of the cases assuming a malignant form. Out of 23 cases there were 9 deaths. No one died who had been vaccinated and only two who had been vaccinated had the confluent form. One case which died had the hemorrhage form. After the epidemic was put down and all houses were thoroughly disinfected we had no further trouble until this year in January there appeared in Chandler a mild case which was properly quarantined and recovered, no one being in- Territorial Board of Health. 33 fected from the case. The man came from Southwestern Ar­ kansas. In February some cases occurred in South Kickapoo Township, reported as having come from Cleveland County. There was in this locality several cases and one death, the only death which occurred in the county during the year. In February and March a great many negroes contracted the disease. These we were compelled, in every instance where we quarantined to feed and in a great number of cases to provide tents and bedding for same. There were few localities in the county where smallpox did not appear and a great many cases were never reported for fear of being quarantined, as no matter how light the case might be, we invariably quarantined and used every effort to put down the epidemic. On account of the mildness of the epidemic it made it very difficult for the Hoard to obtain the best results. Here I wish to thank the Hoard of County Commissioners for their val­ uable assistance in allowing the Hoard of Health to buy every­ thing to control the epidemic. They never refused to allow a single bill for tents, bedding, clothing, fuel, medical aid. nurses or guards. Lincoln County is surely to be congratulated as having men on the Board of County Commissioners who have the interest of the public health at heart, as well as the finances of the county. In 1898 and 1899 there were 60 cases of smallpox and 20 deaths. In 1900 it is impossible to say how many cases we had but it is safe to say that 200 would be putting it low enough and only one death. The expense of the Hoard during my term has been $3,197.90, all of which has been allowed. The expense of handling smallpox would be greatly diminished if physicians and the laity would assist health officers instead of continually finding fault and talk­ ing and doing absolutely nothing to help put down the epidemic and in cases trying to allay the excitement of the people, which I am sure has caused a great amount of unnecessary expense. The sanitary condition of the county is good. The physicians do not reports births and deaths, so it is impossible to make any re­ port in this regard. As far as I am advised there is no one prac­ ticing medicine in violation of the law. Respectfully. J.J. EVANS. M. I).. Superintendent.

LOGAN COUNTY REPORT OF SMALLPOX CONDITION. By Ex-County Superintendent of Health, Dr. J. L. Melvine. Guthrie. £4 Territorial Board of Health.

Since November 13, 1899, one hundred and twenty-eight (128) cases of smallpox have been reported to the health officer of Logan County, all of which have received proper attention at my hands. Of these cases, fifty-eight (58) have been cared for at the smallpox hospital in Guthrie; twenty-five (25) at their homes in Guthrie, and forty-five (45) at their homes in the country. Since January 4th, 1900, the time the first patient was sent to the hospital, the average time patients have remained in the hospital was twenty-three days. Average time of detention— whites, twenty-six days, negroes eighteen days. None were dis­ charged until they were entirely free from scales and in no way liable to convey the infection to others. Since January 4th we have had an average of eight and one-half persons in the hospital. Of the fifty-eight patients in the hospital, twenty-seven were white, and thirtyone colored. Among the whites the disease was more severe +han among the negroes. The cases ranged from very light to the worst confluent forms. There were seven confluent cases, divided as follows: Whites, seven; negroes, four. The initial fever lasted on an average of three days; papular stage, two days; vesicular, two days; pustular, five days, scaling, eleven days. The treatment consisted of baths and phenacetine in the febril conditions, carbolic acid sol, 1 to 60 and Per Ox Hyd. applied to eruption in the pustular stage, carbonated vaseline and warm baths during the scaling period. I also gave Belladonna and Carbolic Acid in small doses internally when indicated. In attending these cases I have traveled over twelve hundred miles, and made in hospital alone what would amount to eleven hundred calls. The average per patient in hospital has been about two dollars per week for food, and for nursing, medical attendance, etc., six dollars and fifty cents per week, making a total of eight dollars and fifty cents for each patient. The last patient was discharged July 8th, 1900. Before leaving the hospital each patient and their clothing was thoroughly disinfected. Since July 8th, and during my absence from the Territory there was one light case reported; the patient lived in the country and was cared for by Dr. R. V. Smith, and the Doctor did his work so well that the patient soon recovered, and was no further infection from that source. In the management of quarantine work, disinfecting and vac­ cinating of eases, I have had with but one exception the hearty support of the medical profession of the county, for which I shall always be deeply grateful. Territorial Board of Health. 35

LOGAN COUNTY. (Population 26,538.)

Mr. Henry H. Dodd, President, Guthrie, Dr. W. M. Hatfield, Mulhall, Vice-President, Dr. E. O. Barker, Secretary and Superintendent, (Dr. Barker has only held this office of Superintendent for about two months. Hence the short report.) Dr. L. Haynes Buxton, Oklahoma City, Okla. Dear Doctor: I enclose a meager report since assuming the du­ ties of Superintendent of Health of this county. There have been u number of cases of contagious diseases reported to me. Have had eighteen cases of smallpox at Langston, sixteen in the Girls' Dormi lory and two outside of town. They are all quite mild with two or three exceptions. There have been six cases in Guthrie, one white man, two colored men and three colored girls. Two of these were severe cases, the others mild. We are going to make another effort to get every person vaccinated, the physicians propose to do the vaccinating free, the county to furnish the Virus.. There have been several cases of Scarlet Fever and Diphtheria this month, three deaths from the latter disease. One that of an adult, also one death from Scarlet Fever. The County board have not met yet since my appointment, but will meet the latter part of the month. Fraternally, E. O. Barker, M. D. Superintendent and Secretary.

NOBLE COUNTY. -Mrs. L. A. M. Boyes, Perry, President; Dr. E. E. Doggett, Perry, County Su]«'iintendent of Public Health. Dr. L. Haynes Buxton, Superintendent of Health, (Mvlahoma City, O. T. My Dear Doctor—I beg to submit for your biennial report, the condition of the county, now and for the past two years, as it pertains to the public health. Noble County has a population of 14,015, of all nationalities and a few colored people. 36 Territorial Board of Health.

Our soil is deep, rich and wonderfully productive, consisting of b^oad prairies and fertile valleys, watered by an abundance of rainfall and drained by numerous creeks and one large river. Kings, wheat and cotton, the pride of our land, have by their great yield per acre and superior quality, excited all quarters till an exodus to Oklahoma has been the result. Today, not a quarter of land or a school section is uninhabited, in many instances two or more families are found on one quarter. Good, and in many places beautiful homes, and large barns have been erected, tine orchards and abundant shrubbery (till one would think he was in an old country) have been planted. Well it be said of Noble County, "A thing of beauty and a joy forever." By reason of our varied and rich crops, our bright, sparkling water, with the favored kiss of the sunshine the year around, with timely and refreshing rains, a climate beyond the sweet spectre of a dream, we stand a peer to any place, not even bowing to Col­ orado, or fabulous California. We are not the home of epidemics, the past seven years bear­ ing evidence, that even epidemic diseases, imported as they con­ stantly are, do not thrive and cannot flourish in this land. Consumption is rarely ever seen here, and when it is, it is from abroad and is greatly benefitted by the climate. Catarrh is seen now and then, but not of home origin. With the improvement of homes and drainage, pneumonia, typhoid fever, etc., are rare. Diphtheria (imported) has been re­ ported a time or two. Scarlet fever (imported) has been found. During the last winter, from December 15, 1899, to June, 1900, with an occasional case during the present summer, we had some 370 cases of smallpox ranging from two to ten weeks in duration, and from light to confluent in form, with two deaths. We built a two-rnoni i>est house, bought one tent for Perry and vicinity, and rented one; we secured a one-room house and a tent for Hillings and vicinity. Excepting for visitors constantly dropping in from the north, and taking down after reaching here, our number would have been very meagre. We have very little syphilis or scrofula in any of its phases, little or no bone necrosis. Insanity, inebriety, cocaine, and opium habits are very scarce, due in a great measure to the better health regulations, lack of rheumatisms and other painful diseases. Midwives have become conspicuous for their scarcity and with their demise have fled the ravages of many diseases of women to which credit is also due to the Hoard of Health. Territorial Hoard of Health. 37

We note with pride (the layman's views to the contrary not­ withstanding), the wonderful improvement in health, as a result of the enforcement of laws by the various health boards, all brought about by the untiring, unabating effort and zeal of the Territorial Board. 'Communities have been taught, like older countries, that "Cleanliness is next to Godliness;" no sooner does some one commit a nuisance than it. is reported to a local health officer and its speedy abatement has been the means of keeping water, vegetation and the air free from death-dealing germs. What once was construed as jealousy on the part of the pro­ fession, when venders, charlatans, and fakirs were called down and driven out. is now looked upon generally as the Board of Health's duty in protecting the people. It has always been my purpose to inform the public that this work is for public good. In the past two years, it is pleasant to report, an exceed­ ingly small mortality among horses and cattle has been noticed, and what have died have been cremated or safely buried. Rabid animals have been exceedingly scarce and yet the canine family have multiplied ten-fold. We have, as yet, one mammoth nuisance, which we have not yet subdued—the aristocrats have found it convenient to have vaults sunk to sand which in our judgment does not contribute to health, endangering the wells of water in the vicinity thereof. I congratulate myself for having the kindly co-operation of Judge Hainer who so generously raised the load from my shoulders last winter by explaining in open court, the reasons and necessities for a Board of Health, and instructing the grand jury to bring in Indictments against anyone violating or interfering with the Super­ intendents' work, which had the most salutory effect. For building one pest house, buying one tent, renting another house and tent, keeping nurses, a few guards, maintaining them all the two years' expenses to the county was about (3250, with 370 cases of smallpox and much other work. The County Attorney holding up all bills and settling for half. I earnestly hope tin' coming legislature will enact laws that will give the Board of Health jMiwer to attend to its own duties, audit its own accounts and force the Commissioners to pay them. Also pay the Territorial Superintendent a salary commensurate with his duties and work and not expect the public health to be looked after with no compensation. I also recommend, and do it for the interest of suffering hu­ manity, a law that will forever abolish street venders, drug clerks and vaunted oculists from misfitting and ruining the eyes and 38 Territorial Board of Health. health of our people. I believe, too, that a law should be enacted to prohibit any traveling doctors from doing business. They do the people no good, and disgrace and put in a ridiculous light the local profession. I beg to remain, Yours very truly, E. E. DOGGETT, M. D., County Superintendent of Health.

OKLAHOMA COUNTY'. Alice V. Beitman, Oklahoma City, president. Dr. R. Allen Perisha, Luther, vice president. Dr. G. 1). Munger, Oklahoma City, secre­ tary and superintendent. Dr. L. Haynes Buxton, Territorial Supt. of Health. Dear Doctor: The following report embraces the time from November 14, 1899, to the present date, November 14, 1900. It has been quite difficult to get a full report and in fact I could not as the physicians of this county have many of them failed to report in cases where there were contagious diseases. For the past year the health of the county has been good. Five cases of diphtheria with two deaths have been reported. I under­ stand there have been a few cases of scarlet fever but no report. Smallpox has made its appearance here several times but has been stamped out each time. During the past year we have found and treated two hundred and niuty-six cases with only two deaths. During last winter we had the largest number of cases; from Jan­ uary 1 to April 1 we had thirty cases in the city among the whites and one hundred and fourteen cases, colored. Finding that it was on the increase among the colored people, and the little help they gave us in stamping it out, I issued an order for the vacci­ nation of all colored people who had not had the smallpox or been successfully vaccinated. Physicians were at once sent through the city, with the result of a thorough vaccination of the colored people. Since that time to this date there has only been eighteen cases colored, and seventy-four cases white. Very soon after vaccination the colored cases began to decrease, and of the eighteen reported above, eleven of them occurred soon after vacci­ nation during the month of April, so it will be noticed that since April to the present time there has only been seven colored cases Territorial Board of Health. 39 where there has been sixty cases among the whites. This still more fully convinces me that the quickest, safest and best way to .stamp out this dread disease is by thorough vaccination and strict enforcement of quarantine. Our legislature should be in­ duced to pass a compulsatory vaccination law. When that is done and is properly enforced smallpox will be almost a thing of the past. Population of the county is 25,854. G. D. MUNGER, M. D., Supt. of Public Health.

PAWNEE COUNTY. Population 12,366.

Mr. F. D. Harnden, Pawnee president Dr. E. G. Newell, Jennings, vice president. Dr. G. H. Phillips, Pawnee, secretary and superintendent. Dr. L. Haynes Buxton, Oklahoma City, O. T. Sir: The following report covers the two yeans past. Our county and cities are and have been in a fine sanitary condition. During this period we have had a few cases of scarlet fever—sporadic—no fatalities. As usual malarial troubles have formed the bulk of our sickness. One year ago last winter we had more pneumonia—three to one—than we have had all told since the opening. Then, too, we have had our annual visitation of the "Grippe." With the rest of Oklahoma we have been afflicted with small­ pox, but in the prevalent benign form. We have had but one death from it out of about 400 cases. Our first smallpox appeared in December 1899 and came from tin' Indian Territory. It was confined to the one family. Ever since we have had it break out at intervals. It is hard to control on account of its mildness, a majority of cases not being sick enough to employ a physician and not wanting to be quarantined, keep the fact hidden; then those who have been exposed say nothing so as to avoid quarantine. At present I know of but one case and that is ouarantined. 40 Territorial Board of Health.

We have a few cases of typhoid fever. No other contagious diseases are or have been in our county. The health of our county has been above the average during the last two years, with the exception of smallpox. Allow me to thank you for the kindness and courtesy always extended to me in our official relations. Respectfully submitted, G. II. PHILLIPS, M. I). Superintendent of Health.

PAYNE COUNTY. Miss Hattie R. Darnell, Stillwater, President, Dr. S. M. Barnes, Still­ water, Vice President, Dr. N. W. Mayginnes, M. D., Stillwater Superintendent and Secretary. To Dr. L. II. Buxton, Territorial Superintendent of Public Health of Oklahoma. Sir: The time to submit a report is at hand and I herewith make my report to you for the year of 1900. The general health of the county has been the best. No epidemic except the scourge we have had of small pox. The winter of 18!)!) brought us a few cases of Pneumonia of quite a severe type, some few deaths. Slight bronchial troubles are quite frequent. Severe cases of Malarial fever and chills have been quite abundant. There have been no cases of Diphtheria. reported during the year 1900. During the hot summer months we have had severe cases of Dysentery in children. The Sanitary condi­ tion of our towns and villages is good as could be expected without sewerage systems. Beginning about the 20th, of January we was struck with Smallpox. Our first case coining from Newkirk by a college student, F. L. Preston. A rigid quarantine was ordered and a Pest house estab­ lished where we treated and cared for fifty patients. Quarantined in their private homes one hundred fifty cases more, making a total of (200) two hundred cases. We did not have a single death. One death occurred from a complication of Malarial fever. We ordered vaccination of the A. and M. College students only stopping the col­ lege for two weeks, also ordered vaccination of Public school child ren which is the only successful way to combat Smallpox. Vaccina­ tion has proven its value to me, immuning

The type of Variola was a mild one in a great many cases. Though we had some confluent cases with a good recovery. '1 wo persons lost each an eye from ulceration of the cornea. To the best of my knowledge we vaccinated the entire population of the county with a few exceptions. The population of Payne County is 20,909. Payne County has by [reason of her fertile soil, her business inducements, and her enter­ prising citizens occupied every quarter section of land in the County. We have the best of citizens and an industrious population. The pursuits of the county are stock raising, and agricultural, icorn, wheat and cotton, in fact anything that will grow, grows in this county. There has been no reports in this county of Texas fever the past year. There are several fine herds of Thoroughbred cattle,— llerefords are taking the lead. There has been no hog cholera re­ ported this year. Our county has some of the finest herds of (thoroughbred hogs. This is proving to be a fine stock county with but little danger of any of the usual contagious diseases among ani­ mals, which is due no doubt, to its having a sandy subsoil and good drainage, with a mild climate. The expense of conducting the pest house for Smallpox and ex­ pense of the Secretary of the board in round numbers was $1,800.00 (Eighteen hundred dollars,) which was paid by our Board of County Commissioners. Our Commissioners were always ready to defray any necessary expense. All bills were filed and O. K. by the Hoard of Health and submitted to the commissioners for payment. Respectfully, N. W. MAYGINNES. M. I). Secretary and Superintendent

POTTAWATOMIE COUNTY. Population 26,412.

Mr. John H. Allen, president, Tecumseh. Dr. II. II. Wilson. Avoca, vice president. Dr. L. P. Dean. Shawnee, secretary and superintendent. Dr. L. Haynes Buxton. Supt. Public Health, Oklahoma City. O. T. Dear Doctor: In reply to your request I will give you the fol­ lowing report: At the time of my appointment of Superintendent of Health of this county (Doe. 28, 1899) we were having an epidemic of small­ pox over the entire county and I soon learned that I had under- 42 Territorial Board of Health. taken no small task, I toured the entire county and quarantined every house where the disease existed, there being about 1,000 cases in the county that came to my notice, not to say anything about those who kept themselves quiet or secreted themselves to keep from being flagged. I treated! all the cases of smallpox in the city of Shawnee (about 300 cases) and we had the disease stamped out until about six weeks ago when the epidemic was rekindled by some Indians that had been on a visit to Mexico. Seven out of eight of them dying the only one escaping, was due to the fact that he had had the disease during our epidemic last winter. (Pretty good proof that our "Cuban Itch" was smallpox.) Of diphtheria we have not had more than a dozen cases, two deaths resulting therefrom. Of scarlet fever we have had some twenty cases and four deaths reported. This disease now exists in the neighborhood of Earlsboro and Moral and one case in Shawnee. All have been quarantined and I think it will soon be a thing of the past. Theie have been two deaths from alcoholism that came to my notice and three cases by suicide (two by morphine, the other severed the radial artery.) A number of men have begun the unlawful practice of medi­ cine in this county but have been ordered to move on and have seemed only too glad to comply with the request when they learned that we were after them. We have had some trouble with mid-wives but to the best of my knowledge all hr.ve stopped the practice since I gave them notice (until the grand jury adjourns). The majority of the complaints received have been regarding dead animals, filthy hog pens and noxious weeds. The amount of sickness for the year has been about the same as last j'ear, taking all things into consideration our county towns and city are in excellent sanitary condition. Some of our physicians do not report contagious diseases as they should and I think the law should be enforced in this direc­ tion. I have learned of a number of cases of diphtheria and scarlet fever several weeks after parties had recovered from the disease. The expenses of the County Board of Health for 1899 amounted to $1,072.82, and for the year 1900, $4,162.11. The greater part of this was expended in stamping out our epidemic of smallpox. I said this was exjiended, probably I had better have said that it is the amount asked for and will be expended if the court sees fit to decide on our suit against the county for these expenses, in our favor. The action of our County Commissioners in refsuing to Territorial Board of Health. 43 draw warrants for these claims has been condemned by the entire better element of our county. Not only have they greatly incon­ venienced those to whom this money was due but have lowered the credit of the county. No merchant will allow his goods to go out to those who are under quarantine restrictions. No persons can be hired as guards or nurses for fear that they may have to undergo the same ordeal as we have undergone. Who can blame them? A board of health should have power unlimited and unrestrained at any and all times in order to meet and take charge of all emergencies and there should be some way to defray these expenses without considering the feeling or the judgment of the county commissi oners. In no other way can we be able to control and stamp out these epidemics and I sincerely hope that the rulings of our courts will soon place us in the proper attitude. Respectfully submitted, L. P. DEAN, M. D., Superintendent of Public Health.

ROGER MILLS COUNTY'. Mr. W. B. Stovall, Cheyenne, President Dr. T. E. Sandifer, Cheyenne, vice president. Dr. J. P. Miller, Cheyenne, county superintend­ ent of health. Dr. L. Haynes Buxton, Territorial Superintendent of Public Health, Oklahoma City, O. T. Dear Sir: In obedience to your call I beg to submit the following report: The health of our county has been exceptionally good for the past eighteen months. Prior to that, during the winter of 1898 and early spring of 1899, we had considerable sickness, pneumonia, lagrippe, measles, and meningitis (cerebro spinal) quite a number of cases. Beginning in January of 1900 we had some smallpox, seven cases in the county, six of which were in one family, one at another place. All recovered. There was nothing peculiar about the cases except the period of incubation. There was one case that the period of incubation was 35 days after last possible exposure, another 22 days, from that down to 8 days. There is at this1 time and has been for the past month, an epidemic of scarlet fever; it is of a rather mild form and as a rule patients are convalescent in from 12 to 15 days. The Board of Health are using all means 44 Territorial Board of Health. to prevent a spread of the disease but it seems hard to stamp out. There have been no suicide, murderers or criminal cases re­ ported to me during the past two years. There are no practioners in our county violating the law regulating the practice of medicine. We as a Board of Health are under renewed obligations to the Territorial Superintendent of Health for the interest he has mani­ fested in directing and advising us in the management of our smallpox cases during the early part of the year. The population of our county is 6,190 and you will observe that the population has doubled since our last biennial report. I believe that the law should require all physicians or other persons attending births as well as parents where there is no attendant, to report births to the County Board of Health with a penalty for non-compliance with law. The expenses of the County Board of Health for the past two years has been $831.45. Total number of deaths reported, 51. Total number of births reported, 170. Respectfully submitted, J. P. MILLER, M. D., County Superintendent of Health.

WASHITA COUNTY. Mr. S. J. Jordan, president, Cloud Chief, O. T. J. E. Farber, M. D., vice president, Cordell, O. T. F. B. Robinson, M. D., superin­ tendent, Cloud Chief, O. T. To L. Haynes Buxton, Supt. Public Health, Oklahoma Territory. Sir: In submitting my report for the last two years, it is im­ possible to give a complete history of the many epidemics we have had in this county, owing to the fact that the physicians of the county do not report cases as they should, to the County Super­ intendent of Health. We have had more contagious diseases to invade our county in the past two years than I have ever seen before in my eight years practice. First; we have had an epidemic of measles that swept over the county from east to west. As far as I remember there were very few fatal cases. It ran its course in due time, and we have not had a case in the last twelve months. Next came the epidemic of smallpox, which first made its ap pearance at Maharg, in the extreme northwest part of the county. The first case developed in one Fayette Wagoner, a cattleman, who Territorial Board of Health. 45

had been to Chickasha and Miuco. From all accounts he received the contagion at Minco. Owing to the remote location of this case it was not known to the authorities until about fifteen or twenty people had been exposed. As soon as the fact was known to the Board, vaccine was sent and quarantine established, which absolutely prevented the spread of the disease from that imme­ diate locality. We first quarantined the premises of Wagoner, and then used his place as a pest house. The disease from its in- cipiency seemed to assume the confluent and malignant forms and excitement ran very high. It was but a short time until Mr. Wagoner died, and several other cases had developed. We soon were satisfied that something else would have to be done to quiet the excitement; so we quarantined four townships in the northwest corner of the county. All parties who had been exposed were gath­ ered up and vaccinated, and put in detention until twenty days had expired. There was in all, about twenty cases of genuine smallpox and varioloid, with five deaths, four adults and one baby. This epidemic was terminated about the first of March. Everything in the way of bedding was burned; all furniture was thoroughly disinfected; the premises in every particular, were given a thorough fumigating and disinfecting; the house was freshly painted inside and out, afterwards. Our next outbreak occurred at -Mountain View, the latter part of February and continued until about the first of June. It was first developed by one Brown, who, I understand got his case at Shaw­ nee; he had a mild form of the disease, and owing to this fact the matter was kept smuggled until several other cases develpoed of like nature. There were new cases drifting in from various points, especially from Chickasha, over the Rock Island road which was building at that time from Chickasha west. This fact among others helped to perpetuate the trouble, and it was hard to control the epidemic for various reasons; the general mildness of the disease; a spirit of lawlessness among some of the people, and a tendency to ignore the actions of the Health officers; the unsettled state of affairs in regard to a townsite, and new cases straggling in from time to time, made it extremely difficult to handle. There were about fifty cases in all. and none that were fatal. <>ur third and last epidemic took place on Elk Creek in the southwest part of the county. The disease was brought into that locality by parties from the Chickasaw country. There were about twenty cases at this place, but all recovered. There were no interesting features in regard to this epidemic; only we had three miscarriages by pregnant women who had the disease. We have had whooping cough in the county for the past twelve months, though it seems to be gradually dying out now. 46 Territorial Board of Health.

Next, we have had an epidemic of scarlet fever which appeared about two months ago. We had quite a number of cases, but only one fatal, that I have heard of. The disease seems to be on the decline, at present. We have also had a number of cases of diphtheria and mem­ braneous croup, this summer and fall. Four cases of croup, all of which were fatal, and two deaths from diphtheria. We had but little typhoid fever in the last two years; a few sporadic cases; none of very severe form. There have been four parties sent to the insane asylum since I have been a member of the Board of Insanity; this dates back about thirteen months. The death rate has been small compared with the birth rate. I have no way of approximating the birth rate of this county, but am confident that it will come up to a good average. There has been a considerable increase in the population of the county which will, I am satisfied', amount to as much as fifty oer cent for the last two years. Population 15,001. The sanitary condition of our county is fairly good, with the exception of Mountain View, which, on account of its being located in the low, swampy bottom of the Washita, has no natural drainage, and having no municipal government, makes it almost impossible to induce or enforce sanitation. The expenses of the Board of Health for the past two years, will approximate $4,000, of which the larger portion was used in handling the smallpox epidemic. We had to erect or buy build­ ings, and tents for pest houses. (These we still have on hand.) The physicians, nurses, guards, and all the expenses of the patients and suspects were paid out of this fund. In regard to health legislation, will say, that in my opinion there should be an appropriation by the Territorial Legislature of not less than $10,000.00, as an emergency fund, to be used by the Territorial Board of Health in suppressing any epidemic, or for any other purpose that, should become necessary for the advancement and protection of the public. I would suggest that the Territorial Superintendent of Health be paid at least twice the amount that he now draws, and that the County Superintendent be paid a stipulated amount of not less than $500 annually. The mere pittance paid the health officers of this Territory will not justify any competent man to give the proper attention to Territorial Board of Health. 47 the duties of the office. He cannot maintain the dignity of the position unless he is paid a sufficient amount so that he can show some independence in discharging his duties,. I have the honor to submit the above report. I am yours respectfully, F. D. ROBINSON, M. D., Supt. Public Health.

REPORT OF WOODS COUNTY, 1899 AND 1900. Population 34,975.

Mrs. W. P. Meyers, Alva, President; Dr. Ira Bartle, Augusta, Vice- President; Dr. R. Allen Gamble, Alva, Superintendent and Sec­ retary. Alva, O. T., October 30, 1900. L. Haynes Buxton, M. D., Supt. Public Health, Okla. Ter. Dear Doctor: Woods county has been enjoying two very prosperous years since my last report, along financial as well as health lines. The healthy condition of our people is something at which to wonder, considering the large population of this county. It is true that we have had a great deal of sickness, but it has been of a minor nature, and our mortality has been very much lower since 1898, then for the two preceding years. We have had fewer cases of cholera infantum, and summer diarrhoea among our children this year than ever before, and the death rate has been much smaller. The increase in our birth rate is at least 30 j>er cent over 1897 and 1898; the number of twins reported seems to show a desire on the part of the mothers of this county to keep pace With our other prosperous conditions, audi is to be commended. We have had a great number of cases of diphtheria, but in every instance where I have been notified, we have used the Anti-toxine treatment, or caused it to be used, and the success has far exceeded our wildest hopes, and we are beginning to lose our fear of a widespread epidemic. We now have in Alva a few cases of scarletina, but it is of a very mild type, and causes no uneasiness, and is well under con­ trol. Have heard of but few cases of scarlet fever during the last two y^ars. Have had considerable typhoid fever over Woods county, but with light mortality. The disease does not seem to be well 48 Territorial Board of Health.

marked in this climate, and nearly all cases recovered. 1 think some of our physicians are prone to jump at a diagnosis too sud­ denly, and I am assured that a number of cases of so-called typhoid were nothing more than a low grade of malarial fever. I have spent a great deal of time and care looking after the water supply of Alva, and a® a result we have had only six or seven cases of typhoid fever in our city this year and three cases out of that number were contracted in Kansas. As I stated in my last report, this is a splendid climate for persons affected with tuberculosis, as the altitude is high, the air fresh and bracing and loaded with ozone, and nearly every case is benefitted, even in the advanced stages; and I am sure that cases of incipient tuberculosis have been cured after six months' resi­ dence in our county. That invsterious something with which the air of Oklahoma seems to be filled and which causes its people to be known the world over for their snap and vigor, has a very deleterious effect on the tubercle bacillae and causes it to suffer with ennui, and finally fold its arms across its breast and hie away to the haven of baccilladom where it is known no more. We had a serious epidemic of smallpox during April and May of this year but it was kept well under control by the rigid en- forecement of the quarantine laws, and out of fifty cases we had but one death. However, I am looking for a general outbreak of the same disease this winter and can only hope that we will be again as successful in our mortality rate. I met with some trouble in enforcing quarantine as some of our physicians scoffed at the idea of its being smallpox and told the people so, but I noticed in every instance that they failed to respond to calls of that kind, and were the first to complain to the health officer when it broke out in their section of the county. The ex­ penses of the board have been in the neighborhood of $475.00 ow­ ing to the county being so large and so much health matter hav­ ing to be attended to. There is hardly a day but what some com­ plaint is made to me about alleys, streets or dead animals, and it means a great deal of work. Still I have managed to keep every­ thing in a good sanitary condition without antagonizing many of our people. Alva and Woods county seem to be the mecca of the patent medicine vender; the Magnetic healer (?) and the Specialist who will cure a disease that you havn't got, and Which is even unknown to our text books, if you will but cross his palm with a few pieces of silver. We have suffered greatly from this class of people dur- 'Territorial Board of Health. 49 ing the past year, and I am praying for a medical law that will reach these quacks and make Oklahoma too hot to hold them. Our Territorial Health Board is all that could be asked for, and the efficient handling of the smallpox question in Oklahoma last winter by our Secretary and Superintendent proved that he is the right man for the place. The question of mid-wives and illegal practioners is not so great as formerly, as a great number of reputable physicians located all over Woods county during the past two years, and have put a stop to their practicing. We had five physicians in Alva in 1898 and now we have twelve, and the rate of increase is very near as great all over the county. I have missed the Bulletin very much during this last year and hope to see it take a new start soon. Thanking you for the assistance you have given me, I remain, Yours fraternally, R, ALLEN GAMBLE, M. D., Supt. of Public Health.

WOODWARD COUNTY". Mr. T. D. Ballard, Woodward, president, Dr. John C. Whitacre, Per­ simmons, vice-president; Dr. J. M. Workman, Woodward, super intendent and secretary. Dr L. Haynes Buxton, Territorial Superintendent of Health. Dear Doctor:—During the months of January, February and March we had an epidemic of smallpox in two families in Wood­ ward and three families in the northwest part of the county near LaVerue. Prompt measures were taken as to isolation, quarantine and vaccination. In all there were just seven cases; no deaths. Vaccination was recommended for all and was enforced in most of the public schools. About 1,000 vaccinations were reported. The cost to the county did not exceed $225.00. In this matter we were given valuable assistance and encouragment from our county commissioners. In October we had three cases of diphtheria in Woodward. One death; cases were promptly quarantined and isolated; as consequence no other cases have been reported. Dur- 50 Territorial Board of Health. ing the year there has been but three cases of Typhoid Fever re­ ported in the coounty; no deaths. There has been less sickness this year than any previous year since the opening of the country for settlement. In my report two years ago I stated that all pulmonary dis­ eases were greatly benefited by residence in this part of the terri­ tory. Our altitude is 2360 feet above the sea level. My experience since then bears me out in this statemnt. We have an increased number of Asthmatics residing here and without a single exception have been benefited, as have those who have pulmonary and bronch­ ial affections. Our rainfall has been bountiful and the result is abundant crops of all kinds. The population of our county two years ago was 5,500. We now have 7,469. Two years ago there were 1,200 school children with thirty five school houses. We now have 3,000 school children with seventy school houses. The population of Wood-ward is 1,500. Very truly yours, J. M. WORKMAN, M. D., Superintendent and Secretary. Territorial Medical Examining Board.

Members of the Board: Dr. B. F. Hamilton, Shawnee, Presi­ dent; Dr. U. L. Russell, Oklahoma City, Treasurer; Dr. L. Haynes Buxton, Oklahoma City, Ex-officio, Secretary. The work of the Territorial Medical Examining Board has become year by year more and more unsatisfactory. This board was created for the purpose of examining applicants who desired to practice medicine in Oklahoma who were not graduates of medical colleges and hence could not secure a certificate upon a medical diploma. In the early days of the board many applicants, ad­ vanced in life, presented themselves for examination and were granted certificates but more recently the class of applicants have largely become young men who have not completed their medical education in regular medical schools and who hope either by the weakness of the board or their own sharpness to secure a legal right to practice medicine without having devoted the regular tinu. necessary to secure a recognized medical diploma. This class of applicants have nearly always been found defective and certificates have been refused in a large percentage of cases. The larger num­ ber of jiersons who have so poorly prepared themselves for their life work as to have failed to secure a regular medical education, are as a rule unable to pass the Oklahoma Examining Board. This has been the history during the last two year®. The board has met as often as quarterly and has granted but few certificates in comparison with the number of applicants that have presented themselves. We believe that this board should be abolished as there is little demand in this Territory for men who have not taken a regular course in medicine.

Records of the Territorial Board of Health and Official Acts of the Superintendent of Public Health.

November 4, 1898 to November 4, 1900. Guthrie, November 4th, 1898. Dr. R. D. Reynolds, of Cloud Chief, was appointed this day Superintendent of Public Health for Washita County, vice Dr. J. D. Ballard, resigned. Guthrie, November 29th, 1898. Territorial Board of Health met in President Hopkins' office; present, President Hopkins, and Secretary Buxton. Bill of Secre­ tary Buxton, for mileage, postage, and printing of notices, for fifty- three dollars and forty cents ($53.40), was allowed. After discus­ sion of Superintendents' report the Board adjourned. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary.

Guthrie, December 9th, 1898. Telephone received from Dr. B. F. Harriman, Superintendent of Public Health, Lincoln County, to the effect that he had just returned from a case of smallpox at Stroud, at Mr. Webbers, and asking for advice. Guthrie, December 10th, 1898. Territorial Board of Health met in Presidents' office, all mem­ bers present. After consideration of situation at Stroud, the Board ordered the Secretary to proceed to Stroud, and make such orders and take such action as he might consider best to properly pro­ tect the people from the extension of the disease. The Secretary was also empowered to make all quarantine orders necessary, also orders for vaccination, as he should consider necessary. The Board adjourned. L.HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary. In conformity with the above order I proceeded to Stroud at once; reaching there, in company with Dr. B. F. Harriman, Super­ intendent of Public Health for Lincoln County, on noon, December 54 Territorial Board of Health.

11th, 1898, found the following situation: A single man, recently returned from Chicago, Illinois, was taken sick at his brother's— Jack Darrs—about December 1st. He was attended by Dr. Bilby, who pronounced the case smallpox, and caused a flag to be placed at the house and notified Dr. Harriman, of Chandler; Dr. Bilby was later discharged and Dr. R. H. Carskadden, of Sax and Fox Agency, was called. He pronounced the case not smallpox, and no danger from the same; thus many were exposed to the disease. Dr. Harri­ man visited the case December 9th—the day before the man died— and found a case of confluent smallpox, with all its attending symp­ toms.

When I arrived, the man had been dead twenty-four hours, and *the body prepared for burial, according to the rules of the Board of Health. I issued an order for the immediate burial of the body by relatives, there being able-bodied men in the house where the man died. After some delay in securing a place for burial the body was properly buried. The town trustees were called together and the situation was explained to them; they were asked to appoint a Board of Health to take charge of the local needs. They were directed to at once proceed to have all the persons in town vaccinated, who had reached the age of one year; to establish a house of detention; to maintain a strict quarantine of all exposed persons, to all of which they agreed. In consideration of the number of persons exposed the following order was issued:

Guthrie, Oklahoma, December 12th, 1898. To the County Board of Health, Lincoln County, Oklahoma: Gentlemen:—By order of the Territorial Board of Health of Oklahoma Territory, and by virtue of authority vested in me by Chapter eight (8) Statutes of 1893, I hereby order and direct that you admit no pupal or pupils to the public schools of Lincoln county, or to any private school thereof, on or after December 19th, 1898, who do not present satisfactory evidence of having been vaccinated during the year 1898, or having had smallpox; teachers of all schools must themselves be vaccinated before said date. You will forthwith give notice of this order to all principals of schools, school teachers and school boards in your county; you will also order that every person residing in the town of Stroud or within one mile thereof, above the age of one year, be forthwith vaccinated. All virus used to be fresh bovine virus and approved by your Board. Territorial Board of Health. 55

On January 16 you will report to me names of persons vaccin­ ated number not effective, number re-vaccinated with result, together with the age of all persons vaccinated. Respectfully, L. HAYNES BUXTON. Secretary Territorial Board of Health, Superintendent of Public Health of Oklahoma. Upon my return from Stroud I at once called upon the Presi dent of the board and he advised immediate action to quarantine the town of Stroud; hence, upon organization as a Board, an order was issued to quarantine the town; also advised the Boards of Health of Logan, Pottawatomie and Oklahoma counties to at once issued orders to vaccinate all school children, which was done at a later date. The Board ordered its vice President to visit Lincoln County and inspect the situation and report at a meeting called for Decem­ ber 24th, 1898. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary.

December 16th, 1898. During the week three cases, members of the same household, where first case died, were reported and before the week closed the entire household of five were sick with the disease. December 24th, 1898, Guthrie. ' Territorial Board of Health met in Secretary's office to listen to the report of the Vice President who had just returned from Stroud, having had charge of Smallpox cases, and quarantine dis­ trict under direction of Dr. B. F. Harriman of Chandler. A peti­ tion from Board of County Commissioners of Lincoln County, asking that certain schools be excused from the general vaccination order, was presented, the petition was also signed by County Super­ intendent of Schools, Johnson. After discussion the Board re­ fused to grant the petition and requested the Secretary to answer the same, giving reasons for the Board's refusal. The Board directed that an order be issued by the Secretary to all Territorial Institutions of learning, demanding an immediate vaccination of all students attending such institutions. Bill of W. S. Hamilton for fifty-four dollars and fifty cents, i$54.50), was allowed, and also bill of L. H. Buxton for nineteen dollars and forty-one cents ($19.41), for incidental expenses, mile­ age, etc., was allowed. Board adjourned. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretarv. 56 Territorial Board of Health.

Guthrie, January 20th, 1898. Full Board met in President's office acting upon information and advice from Stroud, and upon recommendation of County Superintendent of Health, Dr. Harriman of Chandler, an order was issued to continue passenger service at Stroud on the Frisco Rail­ road, also to relieve all quarantine except in the infected district at Stroud; to instruct Health Officers to use greatest care in dis­ charging patients from quarantine districts. Bill of Perkins Telephone Company for use of telephone by Superintendent, thirteen dollars and fifty-five cents, ($13.55), was allowed. Board also allowed bill of B. F. Hamilton, balance due him for quarantine services. Board1 adjourned. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary.

Guthrie, March 21, 1898. The Territorial Board of Health met in regular quarterly meet­ ing in the President's office, all members being present. The first business considered was the appointment of a medical examining board for next biennial period, unless removed for cause. Honor­ able S. N. Hopkins moved that Dr. Wilbur S. Hamilton of Norman be elected to take the place of Dr. J. A. Overstreet of Kingfisher, the motion was carried. Dr. Hamilton moved that Dr. U. L. Russell of Oklahoma City be elected to take the place of Dr. Harry Walker of Oklahoma City; the motion was carried, all voting aye. The following bills were allowed: Mulhall Enterprise, for printing papers for the Board, thirteen dollars, and thirty-eight cents, ($13.38); The Perkins Telephone, for use of instrument, one dollar and ninety-five cents, ($1.95); bill of L. Haynes Buxton, Su­ perintendent, for mileage, postage, vaccine distributed to smallpox towns and disinfectants used by Board, one hundred and nineteen dol­ lars and eighty-one cents, ($119.81); bill of E. A. Axtell, for six dollars, ($6.00), printing for Board; bill of W. S. Hamilton, mileage attending meeting of Board and other work and expenses, fifty four dollars and fifty cents, ($54.50); salary of Superintendent of Public Health, for quarter, one hundred and twentv-five dollars, ($125.00). The following appointments to take effect April 16th, 1899, for next two years, unless sooner removed, were made: Beaver County—Dr. J. R. Lindley. of Beaver, Superintendent. Blaine County—Dr. W. R. Kelley, of Geary, Superintendent; Dr. E. W Van Brunt, of Watonga, Vice President. Canadian County—Dr. W. J. Muzzy, of El Reno, Superintend­ ent; Dr. H. Greenland, of Okarche, Vice President. Territorial Board of Health. 57

Cleveland County—Dr. C. W. Newman, of Norman, Superin­ tendent; Dr. Robert Thacker, of Lexington, Vice President. Custer County—Dr. Robert McCullough, of Arapahoe, Super­ intendent; Dr. H. B. Hendrix, Weatherford, Vice President. Dewey County—Dr. C. J. K. Moore, of Butte, Superintendent; Dr. Granville Speere, of Taloga, Vice President. Garfield County—Dr. G. W. Fairgrieve, of Enid, Superinten­ dent- Dr. G. B. Armstrong, of North Enid, Vice President. Grant County—Dr. J. S. Wallace, of Pond Creek, Superin­ tendent; Dr. R. F. O'Rear, of Jefferson,Vice President. Greer County—Dr. H. M. Ferguson, of Mangum, Superinten­ dent; Dr. G. 1'. Cherry, of Mangum, Vice President Kay County—Dr. William D. Ezell, of Newkirk, Superinten­ dent; Dr. H. AY. Shaffer, of Ponca City, Vice President. Kingfisher County—Dr. N. Rector, of Hennessey, Superinten­ dent; Dr. C. W. Fisk, of Downs, Vice President. Lincoln County—Dr. J. J. Evans, of Stroud, Superintendent; Dr. A. M. Marshall, of Chandler, Vice President. Logan County—Dr. J. L. Melvin, of Guthrie, Sueprintendent; Dr. W. M. Hatfield, of Mulhall, Vice President. Noble County—Dr. E. E. Doggett, of Perry, Superintendent; Dr. W. AY. Spiers, of Morrison, Vice President. Oklahoma County—Dr. C. .D. Munger, of Oklahoma City, Superintendent; Dr. R. Allen Perisho, of Luther, Vice President. Pawnee County—Dr. G. H. Phillips, of Pawnee, Superintend­ ent; Dr. E. G. Newell, of Jennings, Vice President. Pottawatomie County—Dr. B. F. Hamilton, of Shawnee, Su­ perintendent; Dr. Jesse Mooney, of Dale, Vice President Roger Mills County—Dr. J. P. Miller, of Cheyenne, Superin­ tendent; Dr. T. E. Standifer, of Cheyenne, Vice President. Washita County—Dr. R. D. Reynolds, of Cloud Chief, Super­ intendent; Dr. J. E. Farber, of Cordell, Vice President. Woods County—Dr. R. Allen Gamble, of Alva, Superintend­ ent; Dr. I. B. Bartell, of Augusta, Vice President. Woodward County—Dr. J. M. Workman, of Woodward, Super- tendent; Dr. S. Munger, of Woodward, Vice President. Payne County—Dr. N. W. Mayginnis, of Stillwater, Superin­ tendent; Dr. S. M. Barnes, of Stillwater, Vice President. Board adjourned to call of Secretary. L. HAYNES BITXTON, Secretary. 58 Territorial Board of Health.

Guthrie, May 9, 1899. The Board met in Auditor Hopkins' office, all members being present. Bills as follows were allowed, and audited:Wilbur S. Hamilton, mileage and expense as Vice President of Board, thirty- five dollars and sixty cents ($35.60); James N. Hughes, for type­ writing notices, and work for Board, forty dollars ($40); Perkins Telephone Co., for use of instruments during smallpox epidemic, eleven dollars and sixty cents ($11.60); L. H. Buxton, expense of Superintendent's office, thirty-four dollars and thirty-nine cents (34.39); Levi S. Munsell, M. D., of Hardesty, was appointed Vice President of Beaver County Board of Health. Board adjourned. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary.

Guthrie, July 3, 1899. Board met in Auditor's office, Vice President Hamilton not being present. Bill of Superintendent Buxton for quarterly sal­ ary, postage and expense for one hundred and fifty-eight dollars and five cents, was audited and allowed. Resignation of Dr. W. R. Kelley and Dr. E. W. Van Brunt, as Superintendent, and Vice President of the Blaine County Board of Health, was received and accepted. Dr. E. W. Van Brunt was appointed Superintendent of Public Health for Blaine county. Board adjourned. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary.

Guthrie, August 10, 1899. Territorial Board of Health met in Auditor's office; all mem­ bers being present, but President S. N. Hopkins. The resignation of Robert Thacker, of Lexington, as Vice President of Board of Health of Cleveland county, was accepted, and Dr. Wesley Murphy, of Noble, was appointed to fill the vacancy. Bill of Secretary Buxton for rent on room to store the Board of Health library, postage and stationery was audited and allowed, for fifty-three dollars and one cent ($53.01.) Board adjourned. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary.

Guthrie, September 30, 1899. Territorial Boardof Health met in the President's office, all members being present. The resignation of Dr. R. D. Reynolds as Superintendent of Public Health, Washita county, was received, Territorial Board of Health. 59

and the same accepted; Dr. F. D. Robinson, of Cloud Chief, was appointed Superintendent of Public Health of Washita county in his place. Certificate of said appointment was issued October 2, 1899. Bill of Superintendent and Secretary Buxton for salary for past quarter, for one hundred and twenty-five dollars ($125.00) for incidental expenses of his office of forty-two dollars and seventy- four cents ($42.74) was approved. Board adjourned subject to call of Secretary. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary.

Guthrie, October 27, 1S99. Board met in President Hopkins' office, all members being present except Vice President Hamilton. Bill of Vice President Hamilton for mileage and expenses attending meeting of the Terri­ torial Board of Health, for ten dollars ($10) was audited and ap­ proved, also bill of James N. Hughes for tyewriting notices and communication for Territorial Board of Health, was approved and audited to the amount of thirty-two dollars and fifty cents ($32.50). The resignation of Dr. A. M. Marshall, Vice President of Lin­ coln County Board of Health, was received, and the same accepted. Dr. Oorwin Steele was elected Vice President of Lincoln County Board of Health to fill the above vacancy. His commission was dated November 27, 1899. Board adjourned subject to the call of the President. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary. On October 28, 1899, a request came that the Superintendent visit Y'ukon. Upon a visit we found a party near the town quarantined in a tent with smallpox. Many exposures occurred, and after developments showed as a result, ten or twelve cases of smallpox in and near Y'ukon. In consideration of the above condition the following order was issued: Oklahoma City, O. T, October 28, 1899. To the Citizens of Yukon, O. T. AN hereas there exists a case of smallpox to which a number of your people have been exposed. Therefore by virtue of author­ ity vested in this Board by Chapter eight (8) Statutes of Oklahoma 1893, it is hereby ordered that every i>erson in Yukon above the age of one year be immediately vaccinated, only such persons to be exempted who present evidence of successful vaccination during the past five years. After the morning of October 30, 1899, any person found in Yukon unprotected by vaccination will be placed 60 Territorial Board of Health. under detention. After the above date no pupil will be permitted to enter the public schools without presenting to the teacher a cer-j tificate of vaccination from some physician. Any person leaving Y'ukon should procure a certificate of health stating that they have] not been exposed to smallpox as any person found outside of the] town, after this date without such certificate will be subject to] arrest and detention. We anticipate an early stamping out of this trouble by the! hearty cooperation of the citizens of Yukon. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Superintendent of Public Health of Oklahoma. To Wm. J. Muzzy, M. D., of El Reno, Oklahoma, Superintendent j Public Health, Canadian County. Sir: I enclose the above order for the people of Yukon. You] will see to its immediate execution. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary.

October 29, 1899, James W. Bucher, of Blackwell, made applica- tion as a graduate of the Wisconsin Electric Medical College, of Milwaukee. Certificate refused on the ground that in the opin­ ion of the Superintendent, said socalled Medical College, was not in fact a Medical College. November 15, 1899, J. T. Davidson made application for registration but owing to irregularities in his papers, certificate was refused. On November 23, 1899, W. E. McKelbrry, of Guthrie, made; application for registration to practice Magnetic Healing; no rights I under the Statutes appearing to issue such certificate, the same was refused. November 23d, George C. Emmons, of Wichita, •Kansas, made application for registration upon the ground of be­ ing a graduate of the Metropolitan Medical and Surgical College ] of Chicago. The above school (in the opinion of the Superintend-} ent of the Board) not being a Medical College in fact, refused to issue certificate. November 15th; having received official notice of the death of Dr. J. H. Linley, Superintendent of Health of Beaver county, I this day appoint Dr. John Coburn, of Beaver, to fill the vacancy as Superintendent of Public Health of Beaver county. November 17th; smallpox having appeared in a public boarding house in Oklahoma City, the following order was issued: To Dr. George D. Munger, Superintendent of Public Health of Okla­ homa County, Oklahoma City. By authority of power vested in me by Chapter eight (8) Statutes of Oklahoma 1893, the Choctaw Hotel on First street, Territorial Board of Health. 61

Oklahoma City, and all persons who have resided in the same, dur­ ing the past week, are placed under quarantine. All persons who room or lodge, or have roomed or lodged in said house during the past week are ordered detained, under observation, for ten (10) days from this date. The duty we owe to the people of Oklahoma Territory at large, make the immediate enforcement of this order imperative. As Health Officer of Oklahoma county, you will attend to the full and immediate enforcement of this order. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Superintendent of Public Health Oklahoma Territory. November 17th, having visited Shawnee, Pottawatomie county, and discovered that smallpox appeared in said town, and further upon information that the Superintendent of Health of said county, was absent from said county. Dr. A. Wiley at once took charge of the health affairs of the said county, and acted until the 28th day of November, 1899, when Dr. Hamilton resumed his duties as Suj>eriiitendent of Public Health. November 18th, Mr. T. J. Green, of Isabelle, Oklahoma, asked for registration upon the ground of being a graduate of the Inde- I>endent Medical College of Chicago. Registration was refused owing to the fact that in the opinion of the Superintendent, said Institution was not a Medical College. November 20, 1899, Mr. Mark Bradshaw, of Ardmore, I. T., asked for registration as a graduate of the Metropolitan Medical College, of Chicago; said College in the opinion of the Sperintend- ent, not being a Medical College, in fact, said party was advised that he could not be registered upon the basis of a diploma from said Institution.

Guthrie, November 23, 1899. Board met in the President's office, all members being present but Vice President W. S. Hamilton. The resignation of Dr. H. B. Hendrix, of Weatherford, Vice President of Custer County Board of Health, was received, and the same accepted. Dr. E. H. Cooke, of Weatherford, was appointed Vice President of Custer County Board of Health. His commission was issued January 16, 1900. Bill of Harry Maxey for typewriting notices for Board of Hcpi+ii fo,. tVee dollars and sixty cents ($3.60) was allowed. Board adjourned subject to call of Secretary. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary. November 30, 1899, George C. Emmons, of Medicine Lodge, Kansas, asked for registration as holding a diploma from the 62 Territorial Board of Health.

Metropolitan Medical College of Chicago; for reasons above given! certificate was refused. December 18, 1899. Upon a visit to the city of Enid, small­ pox having appeared in said town, among various orders made for! controlling said disease, the following was issued: To. Dr. G. W. Fairgrieve, Secretary Garfield County Board of Health. By authority of Chapter eight (8), Statutes of Oklahoma 1893, you are directed to order your Superintendent of Schools, and teachers of the public schools of Enid, to refuse to admit to the public schools of Enid, any scholar who has not first presented a certificate of vaccination, which has been effective, during the past three years. This order to go into effect this date. L HAYNES BUXTON, Superintendent of Public Ftalth, and Secretary of the Terri­ torial Board, of Oklahoma. December 26, 1899. Notice of smallpox having appeared in Blaine county, Dr. E. W. Van Brunt, Superintendent of Public Health of said county, being temporarily absent, upon recommen­ dation of citizens of Watonga, Dr. Samuel G. Wisard was tempor­ arily appointed to act for a few days a® Superintendent of Health of Blaine county. December 28, 1899. Whereas notification has been received that Dr. B. F. Hamilton has been apiKiiuted Vice President of the Territorial Board of Health, Vice President Dr. W. S. Hamilton re­ signed, a vacancy occurring in the Superintendency of the Potta­ watomie County Board of Health, thereby Dr. L. B. Dean was this day appointed Sui>orintendent of Public Health of Pottawatomie County, and commission was issued.

Guthrie, December 30,1899. Territorial Board of Health met in President Hopkin's office, all members being present but Y'ice President. Means and meth­ ods of preventing the spread of smallpox, which today appears in various parts of the Territory, were discussed. A meeting was appointed for January 2, 1900, to make more complete arrangements for handling the disease. Bill of Secre­ tary and Superintendent for salary for the past quarter and inci­ dental expenses for one hundred and thirty-four dollars and eighty- two cents ($134.82) was audited and allowed. Board adjourned to meet on above date. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary. Territorial Board of Health. 63

Guthrie, January 2, 1900. .Meeting of the Territorial Board of Health met in President Hopkiu's office. President Honorable S. N. Hopkins, Dr. L. Havnes Button, Secretary, and the newly appointed Vice President (Vice Wilbur S. Hamilton, resigned). Dr. B. F. Hamilton of Shawnee was present, this was Dr. B. F. Hamilton's first meeting with the Board. The appointment of Health Officers that had been made by the Superintendent previous to meeting, of the Board was taken up and all appointments were confirmed. The resignation of Dr. W. S. Hamilton, of Norman, as mem­ ber of the Territorial Medical Examining Board was received and accepted. The Board then appointed to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation, Dr. B. F. Hamilton, of Shawnee. Bill of State Capital Printing Company for one hundred and forty-one dollars ($141) for stationery, printing supplies furnished the Terri­ torial Board in 1899, was approved, but no funds on hand, the bill was ordered placed on the deficiency list. Bill of Secretary Buxton for incidental expenses paid out by him for said Board of Health for mileage in attendance upon his duties for ninety dollars and three cents ($90.03) Bill of Vice President Hamilton for mileage and expense for attending the meetings of the Board and services as exi>ert, ordered by said Board, in investigating smallpox in Kay county, thirty six dollars and fifty cents was allowed. The above ••wo bills were approved and orders made to have warrants drawn for the same. A communication was received from Dr. R. Allen Gamble, Superintendent of Public Health of Woods county, stating that he would be out of said county for a few months, and asking for a leave of absence. The same was granted, and Dr. D. C. Gamble was appointed Superintendent of Public Health of Woods county, in his place until he should return. The Secretary was directed to prepare a resolution upon the death of Dr. J. R. Lindley, Superintendent of Beaver, who for a long time has been Health Officer of that county. Secretary was directed to prepare a circular upon the modified form which smallpox was presenting in the Territory, with direc­ tions as to care and disinfection and distribute the same widely throughout the Territory. w liereas, it appearing that cases of smallpox that were oc­ curring in Kay county, had not been reported by the Health Officer as should have been the case, and whereas, proper precautions were not being taken, the Secretary was instructed to issue the following order and a letter of information to the Board of Health of Kay countv: 64 Territorial Board of Health.

To Dr. Wm. D. Ezell, Superintendent of Public Health of Kay County, Newkirk, Oklahoma Territory. Dear Sir: By order of the Territorial Board of Health, made this 2nd day of January, 1900, you are hereby directed to enforce the laws and regulations concerning contagious diseases in Kay county. All cases of contagious diseases found in your county after this date, you are directed to promptly quarantine, detain a projier length of time, and disinfect before discharging same. In case of smallpox, or any form of disease assuming the form of smallpox, that may be questionable, you are advised to have the community in which the cases occur vaccinated. Within the past three months smallpox has occurred in the following counties: Pottawatomie, Oklahoma, Canadian, Blaine, Beaver, Garfield, Logan, Pawnee, Noble and Kay. In all instances except in the last named county, rigid quarantine, isolation, vaccintion, and disinfection has been ordered enforced and carried out. Y'ou will please inform your county board of this order, and we' desire that prompt action be taken. Respectfully, L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary. Board adjourned subject to the call of the Secretary. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary.

January 10, 1900. Application of William B. Lee, of Perry, was received. The same not being in regular form the certificate was not issued and fee returned which has been the case in every instance where the same has been paid and the certificate refused. January 18, 1900. Application of B. B. Brown for registra­ tion upon the ground of holding a diploma from the Metropolitan Medical College of Chicago. The certificate was not issued for reasons before given, by applicants from said Institution. January 10, 1900. Numerous cases of smallpox having occurred in Kay county, I gave an order to all the Territorial In­ stitutions of Public Instruction, and the Insane Asylum at Nor­ man, to receive no person into the various Institutions from Kay county for thirty days from January 10, I also directed that care should be exercised in receiving into these institutions persons from any infected districts. January 12, 1900. The following order was issued ui>on recommendation of the Physician of Blackwell, and the County Board of Health of Kay County: By authority of Chapter eight (8), Statutes of 1893, you are hereby ordered to vaccinate every person in the city of Blackwell Territorial Board of Health. 65

who has not had smallpox, or been successfully vaccinated during the past two years. Dated Oklahoma City, January 12, 1900. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary. In the month of January smallpox became epidemic over many portions of Oklahoma. The disease assumed a mild type in most instances but great difficulties existed and inconveniences, not only to the people, but to the physicians, where they had the dread disease. An excellent circular of information which had been issued bv the Ohio State Board of Health, was secured, also a circular was issiKHl by the Territorial Board of Health, about four thousand copies were distributed to the people of the Territory. In reply to a letter addressed to the State Board of Health of Kansas, the following communication was received, whereby I was lii-st notified that a quarantine had been issued by the state of Kansas against Kay county, Oklahoma Territory: State of Kansas, Board of Health Topeka, Kansas, January 19, 1900. L. Haynes Buxton, M. D., Oklahoma City, O. T. Dear Doctor: A quarantine has been established by this Hoard not against Oklahoma but against Kay county, O. T. The press was mistaken in reporting the quarantine, as it was not ordered until 9 p. m. last night. I had intended to notify you this morning. A copy of the proclamation' will be sent you later in the day. Fraternally yours, W. B. SWAN, Secretary. Owing to the decided action taken by the Territorial Board of Health the situation in Kay county had become very much im­ proved, and the contaminated houses disinfected, and quarantined. On January 20, 1900, a communication was sent to the Board of Health of Kay county, and to the County Commissioners, and prominent citizens of Kay county, to meet the Territorial Board of Health, for a consultation and conference, on January 21). 1900, at 9 o'clock at the court house at Newkirk. A very profitable meeting was held, orders were made directed to the Kay County Board of Health, as a result of the meeting, which resulted in much good to the county. On January 20, 1900, President Scott of the Territorial Agricultural College, and Dr. N. W. Mayginnis, SuiM'rintendent of Public Health of Payne county, notified the territorial Board of Health of the presence a case of smallpox among the students of the A. and M. College at Stillwater. It was also stated that many exposures had occurred. The follow­ ing order was at once issued: 66 Territorial Board of Health.

Oklahoma City, O. T., January 20, 1900. Dr. N. W. Mayginnis, Superintendent of Public Health of Payne County, Stillwater, O. T. Dear Doctor: By authority vested in me by Chapter eight (8), Statutes of Oklahoma 1893, you are hereby directed to enforce through your County Board the following order: The president of the A. and M. College of Oklahoma, is hereby directed to permit no student to attend any classes of said College after this date, unless such student has been recently vaccinated, or has been successfully vaccinated during the past three years. The Superintendent of the public schools of Stillwater, and the teachers of said schools are directed to admit no scholar into their respective schools after January 19, 1900, unless such scholar presents evidence of recent vaccination, or Successful vaccination within three years past. The small i>ox situation throughout the country has become alarming with no immediate prospect of any improvement, it makes the aboA-e order necessary to the best interests of your city. Respectfully, L. HAYNES BUXTON, Superintendent of Public Health of Oklahoma Territory. On January 23, 1900, the Superintendent of Public Health visited Stillwater and made various orders in reference to the con­ ditions there existing. On January 19, 1900, a notification of a severe form of epidemic smallpox was received from Maharg, proper precautions were at once taken, but not until many exposures had taken place, and a number of deaths occurred before the disease was stamped out. Constant reports were being received of cases of smallpox where the contagion had originated from points in the state of Kansas. In view of the large number of cases reported, in Arkansas City, by the Secretary of the State Board of Health, of Kansas, (as many as forty cases with three deaths being reported on January 19) the following proclamation was ordered by the Territorial Board of Health:

QUARANTINE PROCLAMATION, JAN. 24, 1900. To the Kay County Board of Health. Dr. Wm. D. Ezell, Superin­ tendent and the Grant County Board of Health, Dr. J. S. Wallace, Superintendent and to whomsoever it may concern: Whereas, Representation has been made to the Territorial Board of Health of Oklahoma, that smallpox, a contagious disease, is now prevailing to an alarming extent, in the counties of Cow­ ley, Sumner, Harper, Sedgwick, and Shawnee, in the state of Kan- Territorial Hoard of Health 67

•as- and whereas, there exists great danger to the citizens of this Territory from the same; and whereas; already contagion, from the counties'named has been communicated to numerous persons in Oklahoma Territory, a great loss to the health of our citizens, and to the commercial interest of said Territory by coming in contact with persons from said infected counties, has resulted. Now therefore, The Territorial Board of Health of the Terri­ tory of Oklahoma by virtue of authority vested in them, by Chapter eight (8), Statutes of Oklahoma Territory, do hereby declare and proclaim that the Territory of Oklahoma is hereby quarantined against the aforesaid counties of the state of Kansas, and is hereby after this date declared to be quarantined against said infected counties for a period of thirty days from this date. The Statutes of Oklahoma and the regulations of this Board and the various County Boards must be strictly observed and obeyed under penalty of law, so long as the quarantine shall be in force. The proclamation shall especially apply to any person or persons coming from any of the aforesaid counties into any portion of the Territory or of any person or persons who shall pass through said infected counties by carriages, wagon, horseback, or otherwise, and all persons to whom this proclamation shall apply, are hereby pro­ hibited under penalty of the law, from entering said Territory of Oklahoma, from any of the aforesaid counties of Kansas, and it is hereby ordered and directed that no person from this Territory shall go through or to said infected counties and return therefrom into the said Territory of Oklahoma, until this quarantine shall have been raised. All person, or persons, or corporations using, occupying or controlling any public conveyance of any kind whatsoever, are hereby prohibited from transferring, carrying or selling tickets to any person or persons, from the aforesaid infected counties of the state of Kansas, to or into the Territory of Oklahoma. The various County Boards of Health of Oklahoma Territory, and the sheriffs of the various counties of this Territory are hereby commanded to enforce this proclamation made by this Board, this 24th day of January, A. D., 1900. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Superintendent of Health and Secretary of the Board of Health of Oklahoma Territory. On January 25, 1900, advice having been received that smallpox had made its appearance in Woodward the following order was issued: To the County Board of Health of Woodward County, Dr. J. M. Workman. Superintendent and Secretary. 68 Territorial Board of Health.

Whereas, There is only one county in Oklahoma that is today free from smallpox, and whereas the danger from contagion is very great, and the epidemic is assuming alarming proportions, and whereas rigid enforcement of health rules and regulations is imperative, and whereas a case of smallpox is reported in the town of Woodward and many persons have been exposed, you are hereby directed to enforce the following order: To the School Board, School Director, Superintendent of Schools and Teachers of the town of Woodward, Oklahoma. You are hereby directed to make an order to permit no pupil to enter any school building located in your school district, or in the town of Woodward, over which you have jurisdiction, on or after the 30th day of January, 1900, without such pupil shall have first presented to said Superintendent or Teacher, evidence of hav­ ing had smallpox or evidence of having been vaccinated within the past two years. A strict enforcement of the above order will be necessary as has been the case in all the larger towns of this Territory. Done under authority of Chapter eight (8), Statutes of 1893, Oklahoma Territory, this 25th day of January, 1900. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Superintendent of Public Health of Oklahoma Territory. On January 26, 1900, the following telegram was received: Topeka, Kansas, January 26, 1900. L. Haynes Buxton, M. D., Oklahoma City, O. T. Aie Kay county officials maintaining strict quarantine? Answer by wire. (Signed.) W. B. SWAN, M. D. I at once answered that everything in Kay county was being properly cared for, and by mail received the following letter: Office of the State Board of Health of Kansas, Topeka, Kansas, January 26, 1900. L. Haynes Buxton, M. D., Supt. Territorial Board of Health, Oklahoma City, O. T. Dear Doctor: As Kay county is now maintaining, and I have been assured will continue to maintain a rigid quarantine about all cases of smallpox, the necessity which called for such a vigorous measure as an interestate quarantine having passed, it is hereby ordered that the quarantine established by this Board against Kay county be raised on Saturday the 27th, at 12 o'clock noon. Respectfully ordered, W. B. SWAN, M. D. Secretary and Executive Officer Kansas State Board of Health. Territorial Board of Health. 69

It appearing that the smallpox situation in southern Kansas was under better control than had heretofore been the case, the line nature of the disease having been recognized, therefore on linuaiv 27. 1900, the following notification was sent to the Secre­ tary of the State Board of Health of Kansas:

Oklahoma City, O. T., January 29, 1900. lion. William I!. Swan, M. D., Sec. State Hoard of Health of Kansas, Topeka, Kan. Dear Doctor: Your esteemed favor of January 26, is at hand, and will say, that all quarantine between Oklahoma and Kansas will be dissolved, and all guards removed thisk Monday morning, January 29, 1900, at 6 o'clock. If the smallpox epidemic of Kansas has given you as much work as that of Oklahoma has given me, you certainly have had your time fully occupied for some time past. Reports that have come in today show that everything is in better shape than for a long time. I am, fraternally yours, L. HAYNES BUXTON, Supt. of Public Health of Oklahoma Territory. The Kay County Board of Health was ordered to withdraw the quarantine along the Kansas line, at six o'clock, a. in., January 29, 1900. The public in general were notified of these orders. On January 26. 1900. Dr. Oscar Newman, of Grand, was appointed Superintedent of Public Health, of Day county. On January 26. 1900. Cosmo Falconer, of Kedmoon, was ap­ pointed Vice President of Day County Board of Health. (Hi February 6, owing to the continued danger that existed from smallpox, the following circular was sent to all County Com­ missioners and County Boards of Health in the Territory:

Office of the Territorial Board of Health. Oklahoma City. < >. T., February 26, 1900. To the County Board of Health and the County Commissioners <>f county. Gentlemen: Owing to the immense amount of work that has necessarily had to be performed by the Territorial Board of Health in connection with the smallpox epidemic in Oklahoma, circulars of information have not been issued as often as we have desired, that is also in part due to the inadequate appropriation by the last legislature (in fact no appropriation was made, having in view the suppression of the smallpox epidemic that was in existence at the time of the meeting of the legislature.) 70 Territorial Board of Health.

The Territorial Hoard have been unable to render the aid that necessity demanded, and which would have been their pleasure if the case had been otherwise. We desire to call your attention at this time to the serious condition that exists in this Territory in reference to smallpox. This disease has been present during the past month, in every county of this Territory, but that of Greer and Dewey. This dangerous condition of affairs owing to the numerous cases that have recently made their appearance, in the northern part of Noble county, parts of Cleveland county, Pottawatomie county, the northern part of Roger Mills county, and the southern part of Day county, make this letter of interest to you. We desire most emphatically to warn you that it will only be with the most vigorous watchfulness and care that your county will escape, owing to the existence of smallpox, not only in Oklahoma but of that in surrounding states and territories. We hope that every suspicious case appearing in your county will be thoroughly quarantined, and will not be discharged until convalescent, and that you will see that proper quarantine and disinfection receive attention. Not only should cases of sick be quarantined, but all parties exposed be detained, and kept under observation for twenty-one days until all possible danger of their contracting the disease is passed. We especially recommend that you will make such orders in reference to general vaccination as shall insure the protection of the school children of your county; whenever smallpox appears with many exposures, vaccination of all persons in the surround­ ing districts should be ordered and enforced. We should ever keep in mind that in vaccination we have the very best method of stamping out this disease, which is causing the Territory so much expense at the present time. The United States government in January, 1899. reported three thousand (3,000) cases of smallpox on the Island of Puerto Rico. That same month the Governor General issued Order No. 7, "that every resident who had not had the smallpox will be vac­ cinated and that hereafter all infants, must be vaccinated before reaching the age of six months." By June 30, a vaccine farm had been established and 790,000 pei-sons vac­ cinated. The report goes on to state, "not a single death resulted from this vaccination, not a single riot or disturbance occurred owing to the compulsory order." In the fiscal report of Major Gruffs he says, "at this date, October 20, not a single case of small­ pox is known either to military or civil authorities, and the dis­ ease is stamped out of Puerto Rico." Notwithstanding such an illustration as this, seven hundred and ninety thousand (790,000)) Territorial Board of Health. 71

vaccinations in in id-summer in a tropical island, there are other- ; st. sensible people who denounce vaccination as if it were useless or dangerous. In dosing let me remind you that the price that you will pay for the stamping out of this disease in your couutry and keeping the same under control, will be the most rigid enforcement of quaran­ tine of all suspicious cases, through disinfection and vaccination, I am, very respectfully, L. HAY'NES BUXTON, Superintendent of Public Health of Oklahoma. February 6, 1900. On January 6, 1900, the resignation of Dr. George B. Armstrong, of North Enid, as Vice President of the Garfield County Board of Health, was received, ,and on the same date Dr. J. K. Julian, of Shaner, O. T., was appointed Vice Presi­ dent of the Garfield County Board of Health. On February 8, 1900, the resignations of Dr. C. W. Newman, Sujierintendent of Public Health of Cleveland county, and Dr. W. Murphy, Vice President of the County Board of Health, of the same county, were received and accepted, and Dr. S. J. Elmore, of Norman, was appointed Superintendent of Public Health of said county. The parties were respectively notified of the changes made. On February 6, 1900, a conintuncation was received from the town of Cross, Oklahoma, asking for one thousand dollars ($1,000) to aid in stamping out the smallpox in their town. They were informed that no appropriation was made for such purposes much to the regret of the Territorial Board of Health.

Guthrie, February 8, 1900. Territorial Board of Health met for conference as to smallpox condition and to allow bills. Present, the Secretary, Dr. Buxton, and President Hon. S. N. Hopkins. It was ordered that a circular better be published and sent to all Boards of Health; also a circular on chicken-pox be prepared by the Secretary and issued. The following is the letter as ordered, at a previous meeting of the Board, together with a bulletin of information issued by the Board on chicken-pox: 72 Territorial Board of Health.

BULLETIN OF INFORMATION ISSUED BY TERRITORIAL BOARD OF HEALTH. CHICKEN POX (VARICELLA) IN THE ADULT. To the Physicians of Oklahoma: Notwithstanding the well demonstrated incontestible fact that chicken-pox, is preeminently a disease of childhood, it is known that during the present widespread epidemic of modified smallpox in this Territory and elsewhere, many cases of this disease, occur­ ring in both early and late adult life, have been pronounced chicken-pox. This diagnosis in the majority of instances, seemed to have been occasioned by the mild nature of the present outbreak, which tended to confuse physicians who were conversant only —in many cases, through the medium of their text books alone— with the typical form of smallpox, which has usually prevailed heretofore. The occurrence of chicken-pox in adults is so rare as to have escaped the observation of many of those who have devoted years to the study of exanthematous diseases. That it does occasionally exist during adult life is not denied, but its appearance at this period is so uncommon as to excite comment. All cases of so- called chicken-pox in adults, seen by this Board during the present epidemic presented a well-defined variolous eruption. In support of the assertion that chicken-pox rarely attacks other than children, and that an epidemic eruptive disease affect­ ing adults and children alike is not chicken-pox, the following quotations on the subject, from well recognized text books of un­ questioned authority, are hereby submitted: "Varicella is essentially a disease of early life, occurring almost exclusively in infants and young children."—Pepper's System of Medicine. "Chicken-pox is a disease of childhood and rarely attacks any above ten years of age."—Practice of Medicine, Bartholow. "Varicella is a disease of childhood and attacks by preference young children and even sucklings. In children over ten years of age, attacks are infrequent, and I never saw an adult suffering from varicella. Eruptions resembling varicella in adults always indi­ cate variola."—Ziemessen's Cyclopaedia of Medicine. "An acute contagious disease of children. It is rarely seen in adults."—Practice of Medicine, Osier. "Varicella affects children of all ages, and occurs almost always in children."—Practice of Medicine. Anders. "Varicella is confined exclusively to childhood up to the age of ten and is rare after twelve."—American Text Book of Theory and Practice of Medicine. Territorial Board of Health. 73

"A disease affecting children."—Diseases of Children, Eustace Smith. "The variolous diseases whether smallpox or varioloid often occurs in the adult; varicella on the other hand is a disease of infancy and childhood. I have seen one case in adults, but its ap­ pearance at this period of life is rare."—Diseases of Children, J. Lewis Smith. "Varicella is an acute epidemic contagious disease, occurring generally in children."—Practice of Medicine, Hale. "A disease which chiefly affects children."—Practice of Medi­ cine, Looinis. "A disease of childhood."—Reynolds' System of Medicine. "An acute specific infectious disease peculiar to infancy and childhood. In children over ten years of age the disease is rare, while in adult life it is so infrequent that many observers of large experience have never met with it. Varicella is particularly a disease of infancy and early childhood. Any varicella-like eruption in an adult should be looked upon with the greatest suspicion and the patients strictly isolated, until by the history of the case, its source and the course of the disease, all doubt as to the diagnosis is dispelled."—Keaton's Cyclopedia of the diseases of Children. "A disease of childhood."—American Text Book of Medicine. "Varicella affects children."—Diseases of Infancy and Chil­ dren, Holt. "In chicken-pox the eruption appears on the first or second day. * * * * the child remaining but little indisposed * * * Neither do the vesicles become pustules unless * * * or the child is in a condition of debility or suffers from struma. Varciella is separated from variola by * * * * * and finally by the fact that it attacks children, who have been well vaccinated, whereas smallpox does not."—Practical Diagnosis, Hare. "After nineteen years of age the disease may be said to dis- appear as it is only occasionally seen in adults."—Dictionary of Medicine, Quain. 'Chicken-pox is a disease of children mostly, the age of max­ imum incidence is from three to four years."—Allbut's System of Medicine. "Ohicken-pox is a disease of early childhood * * * * If, however, smallpox is prevalent in the neighborhood, any case presenting symptoms assumed to be those of chicken-pox should be regarded as suspicious, especially if the patient be an adult."— Handbook of Hygiene, Wilson. 74 Territorial Board of Health.

"As a rule very young children are attacked by chicken-pox." —Twentieth Century Practice of Medicine. "Chicken-pox is almost purely a disease of childhood, occur­ ring between the second and sixth year."—Practice of Medicine, Tyson. "Varicella continues to be a common disease all through the early and middle years of childhood. The susceptibility to the contagion of varicella lessens after ten years of age and almost disappears at puberty."—Pediatrics: The Hygiene and Medical Treatment of Children, Botch. In conclusion the Territorial Board of Health desires to em­ phasize the necessity for the observation of the most stringent precautions in every case of eruptive disease, particularly one re­ sembling chicken-pox or smallpox. The failure of a physician to readily recognize smallpox, or a neglect to recommend the adoption of extraordinary care in all cases of a suspicious nature, may at any time cause the beginning of an outbreak in a community, entailing much sickness and loss of life, panic, interruption to travel and depression of business, and a financial loss impossible to estimate. The most rigid quarantine and isolation is recom­ mended in every case concerning which there is the slightest un­ certainty, and the maintenance of such until all doubts are set aside.* Especially should a varicella-like eruption in an adult be regarded with great suspicion. It may not be smallpox; it is extremely unlikely to be chicken-pox. Of "Cuban chicken-pox," or "Cuban itch," so many cases of which have been reported in Oklahoma and other states recently, little need be said. No sanitary authority has knowledge of any type of varicella which is peculiar to the Island of Cuba. Every case of "Cuban chicken-pox," "Cuban itch,"** "elephant itch,"**» and "elephant chicken-pox" seen by the officials of this Board during the past three months was found to be smallpox. Published by order of the Board. S. N. HOPKINS, President. B. F. HAMILTON, M. D., L. HAYNES BUXTON, M. D., Vice-President. Superintendent and Secretary.

* "The observation of the Marine Hospital Bureau has been that in the majority of mistaken diagnosis with regard to smallpox the disease has been called chicken-pox. This is more strictly a disease of children affecting especially those under six years of age, Chicken-pox is a contagious disease, and many local health author­ ities require its isolation. Particularly when smallpox is preval­ ent, any case of supposed chicken-pox should be isolated and Territorial Hoard of Health. 75

guarded as if it were smallpox at least, until the diagnosis is proved beyond doubt."—Precis upon the Diagnosis and Prevention of Smallpox, U. S. Marine Hospital Service, 1899. ** -I am aware of no disease called Cuban itch which could be mistaken for smallpox. There are several erythematous eruptions in Cuba called Cuban itch, but they are prickly heat or ring- vvoiin." Surgeon General U. S. Marine Hospital Service to Illi- noise State Board of Health, December 7, 1899. *** "If an eruptive disease appears in a district, it is the duty of the authorities to learn the nature of that disease, and if it seems contagious, it should be isolated. If a doubt exists, an expert sl id be called to settle the diagnosis. All cases of so-called "chicken-pox," "Cuban itch," "elephant itch," "nigger itch," and the like, should be at once isolated; in nine out of ten cases these prove to be smallpox."—Public Health Reports, U. S. Marine Hospital Service.

NOTICE TO HEALTH BOARDS IN REFERENCE TO SMALL­ POX. The Oklahoma Territorial Board of Health. Executive Office. Oklahoma City, March 1, 1900. To the Local Health Authorities of Oklahoma Territory: Smallpox, of the existence of which, in Oklahoma this Board has issued repeated warnings, continues to exist in many counties throughout the Territory, and at the present time prevails to a somewhat alarming extent. It is believed that during the past four months over 1,000 cases of this disease have occurred in the Territory, causing much sickness and suffering, some deaths, inter­ ruption to travel, interference with business, the closing of schools, churches and other places of assemblage, and an inestimable fin­ ancial loss. The disease prevalent is happily of a modified type, causing but few fatalities. It may, however, assume the most virulent form within a short time, and through the influence of the wide dissemination of the germs of smallpox create an epidemic involv­ ing the loss of thousands of lives. There is no excuse for the spread of smallpox. It is a pre­ ventable disease, and one easily subject to control. Vaccination properly jierformed and duly repeated is a safe and positive protection against smallpox. This disease will not and cannot spread in a well vaccinated community. Vaccinal 76 Territorial Board of Health. protection lasts often for years, but revaccination, whenever small­ pox is prevalent in a community, will continue this protection in­ definitely. No danger can result from vaccination properly performed under aseptic conditions with pure virus. This Board advises the exclusive use of glycerinated lymph. All available statistics on the subject prove beyond contro versy or doubt the efficacy of proper vaccination. Through its beneficient influence, smallpox has been almost entirely eradicated in countries in which vaccination is compulsory. In localities in which vaccination is generally Observed, the disease, although ap­ pearing at intervals, rarely gains headway. A municipality in­ fected with smallpox can limit the spread of the disease to the patients affected and to persons already exposed. The contagion will necessarily become extinct if the remainder of the inhabitants are vaccinated. This fact has been demonstrated in towns of this Territory the disease dying out for want of unvaccinated individ­ uals upon whom to prey. There is no smallpox in the island of Puerto Rico. In January, 1899, there were several thousand cases. As a result of an order of the Governor-General promulgated on January 21, 1899, 790,000 persons have since been vaccinated, with no accidents or loss of arm or life, and the disease has been entirely stamped out. Physicians, nurses and attendants in smallpox hospitals rarely contract the disease. Their sole protection is vaccination. The Oklahoma Territorial Board of Health desires to secure this protection for the Territory now, before the disease becomes epidemic in every county, and, therefore enjoins upon you the adoption of methods best calculated to this end. In addition to warning those over whom you exercise jurisdiction, of the danger existing, and pointing out the measures whereby the occurrence of the disease may be obviated, every effort should be made to induce owners or managers of factories and business establishments, and all employers of labor to demand of those in their service, as a condition of further employment, an evidence of proper and suc­ cessful vaccination. Especially should efforts be made to procure the vaccination of children who are particularly susceptible to the contagion of smallpox. This is necessary, not only for the protection of the lives and health of your people, but also of your business interests. One case of smallpox may cost your county thousands of dollars. S. N. HOPKINS, President. B. F. HAMILTON, M. D. L. HAYNES BUXTON, M. D., Vice President. Superintendent and Secretary. Territorial Board of Health. 77

After auditing bill for expenses of Secretary for one hundred and forty dollars and thirteen cents ($140.13), the board adjourned. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary.

Oklahoma City, February 8th, 1900. Dr. Robert E. Thacker of Lexington, was this day apointcd Vice- President of Board of Health of Cleveland County, Vice Dr. W. M. Murphy, resigned. Mr. Cosmo Falconer of Redmoon, was also con­ firmed Vice-President of Day County Board of Health. At this time great difficulty was experienced by the Cleveland County Superintendent of Health, in enforcing proper quarantine regulations in his county, owing to the attitude of the President of the County Board of Health, and County Commissioners, and owing to the inability to properly handle the disease in that County it spread to an alarming extent, causing the disease to be carried to adjoining Counties. Under these circumstances the Superintendent of Public Health issued specific orders and instructions to the Cleveland County Board of Health, and to the County Commissioners of Cleveland County and directed that they carry out the rules and regulations prescribed by the Territorial Board of Health, in controlling epidemic diseases, also warning them if this course was not taken, that it would become nec­ essary to quarantine the County against surrounding Counties. Board adjourned. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary.

Guthrie, April 3, 1900. Territorial Board of Health met in President's office; reports were listened to from various Counties touching the condition of contagious diseases in the Counties; the report showed that the small-pox was gradually being eliminated from the Territory. Board allowed the bill of Vice-President Hamilton, for milage expenses, and work ordered done by the Board to the amount of Seventy-four dollars ($74.) Bill of Secretary Buxton was allowed for salary as Superintendent of Public Health, postage, mileage and office ex­ penses, to the amount of oue hundred and fifty-three dollars and two cents ($153.02.) Board adjourned. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary.

Oklahoma City, April 10th, 1900. Territorial Board of Health met in the Secretary's office for the transaction of business; the resignation of Dr. J. Coburn, Superin- 78 Territorial Board of Health. tendent of Public Health of Beaver County, was received and ac­ cepted. Dr. Levi S. Munsell was appointed to fill the vacancy. Dr. S. S. Munger, Vice President County Board of Health of Woodward County, having removed from the Territory, Dr. John C. W'hitacker of Persimmons, was appointed in his place; certificates were issued for the first two named appointments. Bill of State Capital Printing Co., from July 1898 to February 14, 1900 for printing supplies for the Board was allowed for one hundred and seventy three dollars, ($173.00,) also bill of March 7th, for printing for the Board for Twenty dollars, ($20.00) was allowed. Board adjourned. L. HAYNES BUXTON, Secretary.

Oklahoma City, May 2, 1900. Dr. H. H. Wilson of Avoca, was appointed this day, Vice-Presi­ dent of the County Board of Health of Pottawatomie County, Vice- President Dr. Jesse Mooney, resigned. Dr. L. T. Smith of Lex­ ington was appointed Vice-President of Board of Health of Cleveland County Vice Dr. Robert Thaoker, resigned. Guthrie, June 7th, 1900. Territorial Board of Health met in the President's office; the ap­ pointment of Dr. H. H. Wilson as Vice-President of the County Board of Health of Pottawatomie County was confirmed. Bill of Secretary for mileage, office expenses, for Thirty two dollars and seventy cents, ($32.70) was allowed. Board adjourned. L. HAYNES BUXTON.Secretary.

Oklahoma City, June 29, 1900. Territorial Board of Health met in the Secretary's office; al­ lowed bill of Superintendent of Public Health for salary, postage, for the last quarter for One Hundred and thirty five dollars and ninety cents, ($135.90.) Board adjourned. L. HAY'NES BUXTON Secretary.

Oklahoma City, Aug. 27th. 1900. Dr. Samuel E. Knight of Enid, was appointed Superintendent of Public Health of Garfield County. Vice Dr. George W. Fairgrieve, de­ ceased. Territorial Board of Health. 79

September 3, Dr. Charles F. McElrath of El Reno, appointed Superintendent, of Public Health of Canadian County, Vice Dr. Wm. J. Muzzy resigned. September 2G, 1900, Dr. E. O. Barker, of Guth­ rie, was appointed Superintendent of Public Health of Logan County, Vice Dr. J. L. Melvine resigned, also Dr. Charles J. Judkius, of Ken­ ton who was appointed V ice-President of the County Board of Health of Beaver County on June 18, 1900, was confirmed. Board adjourned. L. HAYNES BUXTON,Secretary.

Oklahoma City, Sept., 27th, 1900. Territorial Board of Health met in the Secretary's office, for the transaction of business, all members being present. The Secretary was instructed to spread on the minutes appropriate resolutions refer­ ring to the death of the Superintendent of Public Health of Garfield County, Dr. George Fairgrieve, deceased. The appointments made by the Superintendent since the last meeting were confirmed; reso­ lutions thanking Dr. Muzzy of El Reno, for the able and efficient manner in which he had conducted the Health affairs of Cauadian County, were ordered sent to the Doctor. Dr. G. Fowler Border of Mangum, was appointed Vice-President of the County Board of Health of Greer County, Vice Dr. Cherry resigned. Dr. L. T. Smith of Lexington was confirmed as Y'ice-President of the County Board of Health of Cleveland County, Vice Dr. Robert Thacker, resigned. Bill for Superintendent's salary, for last quarter; and for Ten dollars, ($10.00) Postage expended for the Board; was allowed for One hund­ red and thirty five dollars, ($135.00); bill of the State Capital Print ing Co., for printing Certificates was allowed for Seven dollars and fifty cents ($7.50) also for stationery for the board, letter heads, aim envelopes was allowed for seventeen dollars and fifty cents, ($17.50.) Board adjourned. L. HAYNES BUXTON,Secretary.

Revised Rules and Regulations as Adopt­ ed by the Oklahoma Territorial Board of Health.

As Authorized by Chapter 8, Statutes 1893, for the Government of County, City and Town Board of Health, together with the Re­ quirements of Physicians and Citizens of the Territory, now in Force on and After December I, 1898.

Statutory requirements as set forth by the legislature of Okla­ homa covering sanitary regulations will not be included in these rules, but will be classified by themselves, following these rules and regulations. When a town or city Board of Health fails to perform its duty as a Board of Health, by reason of negligence or a lack of proper city ordinances, the County Board of Health of the county wherein such dereliction or failure of duty occurs, shall immediately proceed to do the work such local Board of Health .has failed to perform. Local Boards of Health are the wards of the County Boards of Health and their work is subject to inspection, and when found not consistent with the sanitary rules and regulations of the County and Territorial Boards of Health, must be corrected.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND SCHOOL HOUSES. Rule 1. County, City and Town Boards of Health shall exer- dise supervision over the location; drainage, water supply, venti­ lation, heating, supply of light and plumbing, if any, and the dis­ posal of the execrete of the schools and school houses within their respective jurisdictions, and when any sanitary defect is found to ex­ ist shall at once report the same to the proper authority with the de­ mand that the fault or faults be immediately remedied, and if they be neglected by such persons then they shall proceed to remedy the same themselves and compel obedience to these orders by persons in charge of such schools or school house. 82 Territorial Board of Health.

Rule 2. County, city and town health officers shall inspect all public or private institutions, buildings and residences of whatever kind in their respective jurisdiction at any and all times whenever any unsanitary condition or any contagious or infectious disease is reported or suspected to exist therein, and if any such conditions are found to exist the same shall be corrected by them at once and the proper precautions taken. Rule 3. No public or private funeral shall be held in any build­ ing or room used for school purposes at any time during the year or in any church, hall or other place where public gatherings are held of any person that has died from sore throat, diphtheria, membran­ eous croup, or any other contagious or infectious disease.

CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.

SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL TEACHERS AND HOtPE- HOLDERS. Rule 4. School teachers and superintendents of school shall closely observe the pupils in their schools at all times, and no pupil shall be admitted into any public or private school in this Territory with any eruptive disease, sore throat or contagious sore eyes. If any person or pupil in any of the public or private schools of this Territory is found to be unwell with any eruptive disease, sore throat or contagious sore eyes he shall be dismissed from school with writ­ ten reasons therefor until pronounced to be non-innoculable to other children by a reputable physician or the local health officer having jurisdiction. Rule 5. No person shall be admitted into any public or private school in this Territory from any house infected with a contagious or infectious disease or who may have recently been sick with small­ pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, membraneous croup or other contagious or infectious disease until a certificate is first presented from a repu­ table physician stating that all danger of communicating such disease to others is passed, and such certificate be indorsed by the local health officer having jurisdiction over the district wherein the disease occurs. Rule 6. No parent, guardian or other person having control of any child or children in the Territory of Oklahoma shall allow or admit such child or children to go from any house infected with small-pox, diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles or any other cotagious or infectious disease to attend any public or private school or any public meeting or gathering of any kind or to ride in any public con­ veyance or go upon any public street or highway or elsewhere where such child or children may endanger the health of other children or persons. Whenever any hotel, boarding house or lodging house keeper or householder, proprietor or manager or owner of any public Territorial Board of Health. 83 or private institution of any kind belonging to the Territory, county, city, township or indvidual shall know or suspect that any person within his or her family, building, place of business or residence be either permanently or temporarily sick with small pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles or any other disease dangerous to public health, he or she shall immediately give due notice to the nearest officer or Board of Health within whose jurisdiction such disease occurs.

DUTY OF PHYSICIANS.

Rule 7. In any and all cases of contagious or infectious disease or suspicious cases of the same wherein the attending physician is in doubt as to the correct diagnosis, he must at once notify the health officer having jurisdiction, who must see the case and examine the sick person with the suspected disease, and if it is found to be con­ tagious or infectious, must act in accordance with the rules governing such cases. Rule 8. Whenever any physician shall know or have reason to suspect that any person whom he is called to see is sick with small­ pox, diphtheria, membraneous croup, measles, whooping cough or other diseases of a contagious nature he shall immediately report the same, giving the exact location, with a description of the case to the health officer or Board of Health having jurisdiction over the place where such disease exists.

INSTRUCTIONS TO LOCAL HEALTH OFFICERS. Rule 9. No person who is or has recently been afflicted with or exposed to any contagious or infectious disease dangerous to our public health shall be permitted to appear upon any public street or highway, or in any public place or conveyance until a certificate is made by the attendant physician and endorsed by the local health officer having jurisdiction, setting forth the fact that such person is non-inoculable to others. Rule 10. No person shall be allowed to leave any house, build­ ing or premises infected with small-pox unless he or she has here­ tofore had the disease, then such leaving must be after first taking a disinfecting bath, making a complete change of clothing and hav­ ing a permit with instructions from the health officer having jurisdic­ tion. Rule 11. In all cases where there has been an exposure to, or suspected exposure to Small-pox, it shall be the duty of the Board of Health having jurisdiction to compel vaccination, or re-vaccina­ tion, of all exposed persons or suspects, and if danger of an epi­ demic of Small-pox is iminent, compel all persons in the city, town or communitv to be vaccinated. 84 Territorial Board of Health.

Rule 12. On the appearance of Smallpox, Yellow fever, Diph­ theria, Membraneous croup, Scarlet fever, Measles, or any other con­ tagious or infectious disease, the County Superintendent of Health shall cause the attending physician, when such cases are outside the corporate limits of any town or city, to place the proper flag of warn­ ing on the front door or any other place more conspicious about the house where the disease prevails. Whenever any of the foregoing diseases exist in any town or city where there is an organized Board of Health, such flag of warning shall be placed by the local Health Officer1 having jurisdiction, such County Superintendent of Health or Health officer shall hold all persons who have been exposed to such contagion under observation and apart from the public for the number of days named in "Length of Quarantine," or length of time as such officer may decide to be safe. Rule 13. The flag for Small-pox, Scarlet fever, Diphtheria and Measles shall bo bright yellow and not less than fifteen inches square, with the name of the disease plainly marked thereon. The flag for cholera or yellow fever shall be black and not less than fif­ teen inches square with "Cholera" or "Yellow Fever" plainly printed thereon with white or red letters. Rule 14. No person shall be permitted to remove any such flag of warning until a certificate is made by the attending physician to the County Superintendent of Health or the local Board of Health having jurisdiction, that the disease has passed and the proper dis­ infection accomplished, and the endorsement of such local Board of Health is obtained. Rule 15. Persons who have been exposed to the contagion or infection of any of the following diseases, may safely be liberated if tjliey have remained in good health and been properly disinfected, after the following periods of quarantine: Diphtheria, twelve days; Scarlet fever, fourteen days; Small-pox, eighteen days; Measles, eigh­ teen days; Chicken pox, eighteen days; Mumps, twenty-four days; Whooping cough, twenty-one days. Rule. 16. Any and every person having charge of any one who has died of Small-pox, Cholera, Yellow fever or Diphtheria shall cause the 'corpse of such person to be interred immediately after death, and in cases of deaths from the above named diseases no pub­ lic funeral shall be held. Rule 17. No person shall make, or cause to be made, or per­ mit to be made on his or her premises any vault for the sewerage of any building, either public or private, without making the same water tight by lining the base, walls and top with brick or stone and cement, and then substantially cementing the whole inside and so constructing the opening into it that no obnoxious odors from its contents will contaminate the air without. The contents of such Territorial Board of Health. 85 sewerage vault shall be pumped into a container and removed to a place designated by the local health officer at such hours as will not disturb the public. Rule 18. In case of any act on the part of any local health of­ ficer not authorized by or in harmony with the Rules and Regu­ lations governing the Territorial Board of Health, appeal may be taken to said Board in session, pending such appeal the action of said local health officer shall remain in force.

QUARANTINE FLAGS. It is often far from a pleasant duty to flag houses and quarantine families and places, especially so when the family physician says the "case is of a very mild nature," and does not give you his moral support. The honest, faithful officer must shut his eyes to blind pre­ judice and unreasonable pleading of the family and do his duty as is indicated by Board of Health rules and his own knowledge of the case. He can of course explain the value of the flag, that it is used by all well regulated Boards of Health, and that although it may be of no value in some cases, yet no variations from the rule is toler­ ated by the Territorial Board of Health, and it must be done. He can say further "that the practice is highly approved by him, and believed to be a very useful and effective aid in protecting the public health. It doubtless saves many persons from catching these dis­ eases, by giving them timely warning cf a danger to which no one should be let to expose themselves without knowing it. It is not claimed to be a sufficient and infallible preventive of an epidemic, but it helps. It imputes no odium to the occupants of the house. It does no injustice to non-occupants. It is perfectly harmless. And it is educational in its effects upon the public. It teaches them that those diseases are much more communicable in a house than they are in the open air. It is (he prevalent practice throughout the Territory and in many other States and ought to be universal." If the officer always flags every cnse he will, in a short time, familiarize the public to the flag and will overcome much of the feel­ ing in opposition to its use.

TRANSPORTATION OF CORPSES. 1. It shall be the duty of every Funeral Director, Undertaker, or Embalmer within this Territory who may desire recognition by transportation companies and common carriers, for the transporta­ tion of the bodies of human beings dead from Diptheria, Scarlet Fever, Glanders, Anthrax or Leprosy, to conform to regulations made therefor by the Territorial Board of Health, to-wit: 2. He may make application to the Territorial Board of Health for a permit to prepare such bodies for transportation. Said ap- SO Territorial Board of Health. plication shall contain his full name, age and place of residence, and the certification of two legal physicians of good repute in the place where he resides. He shall pass an examination before the Territorial Board of Health at such time and in such manner as the Board may deter­ mine. Said examination shall comprise the following subjects: (a) The visceral anatomy and vascular system of the human body. (b) The comparative value and action of disinfectants and ger­ micides. (c) The proper method, after embalming, for further safely pre­ paring bodies for transportation. (d) The meaning of "contagion,"and "infection;" the dangers they beget, and the best methods of their restriction and arrest. '(e) The signs of death, and the best methods of their deter­ mination. And such other topics, general and special, as the Board may from time to time determine. Seventy-five per cent of satisfactory answers in a scale of 100 shall be required to entitle the applicant to a permit. 3. Upon satisfactory evidence of the competency of the appli­ cant as an embalmer, he may be granted a permit to prepare corpses herein designated for transportation upon the payment of the sum of five dollars, to pay the expenses of such examination. Said permit shall be limited to the term of one year, and shall be signed by the Territorial Board of Health. Permits may be renewed upon the payment of one dollar within thirty days after the expiration of the term of a permit. 4. The failure of the holder of a permit to comply with the regulations of the Territorial Board of Health shall be deemed suf­ ficient cause for the revocation of his permit. 5. The Secretary of the Board shall keep a record in which shall be registered the name and residence of all persons to whom a permit is granted, and the number and date of the permit, which record shall be for the information of the profession, the public and for transportation companies. He shall also keep a record of all money received, expenses in­ curred and paid under these regulations, and make report thereof at each meeting of the Board. 6. Bodies of those who have died of Diphtheria (Membraneous Croup,) Scarlet Fever (Scarlatina, Scarlet Rash,) Glanders, Anthrax, or Leprosy, may be transported by common carriers upon the affi­ davit of a funeral director undertaker or embalmer, mnde under oath, that he is the holder of a permit from the Territorial Board of Health, giving the number of the permit, his name and residence, and certify- Territorial Board of Health. 87 ing that the body has been prepared for shipment in accordance with the regulations of the State Board of Health, to-wit: In the case of Diphtheria.—The body shall be thoroughly in­ jected with a proven disinfectant embalming fluid, and all orifices of the body, such as the nose, mouth, rectum, and vagina in the female subject, then plugged with absorbent cotton. The body shall then be washed in the disinfecting fluid and wrapped in absorbent cotton, layers one inch thick, then bandaged and placed in an air tight zinc or metalic case. In Case of Scarlet Fever.—All clothing must be removed from the body, and the whole arterial system and cavities, including the cerebro-spinal, injected with a disinfectant of the highest germic'dal powers. The body must then be thoroughly washed with the disin­ fecting fluid; all orifices plugged with absorbent cotton, then covered with absorbent cotton one inch thick, then bandaged and placed in an air-tight zinc or metallic case. In Case of Glanders, Anthrax or Leprosy.—After protecting the hands by either vaseline or gloves, all clothing which has been around the bodj- shall be removed and burned. The body shall then be thoroughly washed with a disinfectant of the highest proven germi­ cidal powers, and sufficient of the disinfectant and embalming fluid injected into the circulatory system to thoroughly saturate all the tissues of the body. All the main cavities of the body shall be filled with the disinfectant, and all orifices plugged with absorbent cotton. The body shall then be washed with the disinfectant, wrapped in ab­ sorbent cotton not less than one inch thick, then bandagi d and placed in an air-tight zinc or metallic case. When the condition of the body demands the removal of the blood, it may be removed by us­ ing a bottle which contains not less than four ounces of the disin­ fecting fluid. The vein selected for the operation must be opened carefully and the tube introduced to the right auricle of the heart, and the blood aspirated into the bottle without exposing it to the air of the room, or without coming in contact with the hands of the operator. |7. Disinfectants referred to herein must be approved by the Territorial Board of Health.

THE DEAD. 1. A body dead from Smallpox must be immediately wrapped in a cloth saturated with the strongest disinfectant solution, with­ out previous washing, and buried six feet deep, and no body dead from this disease shall under any circumstances, or any lapse of time, be disinterred. 2. The body of a person who has died from Asiatic cholera, typhus^ fever, yellow fever, leprosy, diphtheria (membraneous croup), 88 Territorial Board of Health. scarlet fever, (scarlatina or scarlet rash,) or measles, must not be removed from the sick room until it has been wrapped in a cloth saturated with a solution of corrosive sublimate (one ounce to six gal­ lons of water,) and then tightly enclosed in a coffin. The body shall then be buried immediately, without the altendance of any person other than is necessary for the interment thereof. No public funeral shall be held of any person who has died from either of said diseases named above, and no public funeral shall be held in the house, nor on any premises where there is a case of, nor where a death has recently occurred from, either of said disease-;. 3. No person, company, corporation, or association having charge of, or control of, any schoolhouse or church, or of any build ing, room or place used for school or church purposes, or for any public assembly, shall permit the body of any person dead from any of the contagious or infectious diseases named in these regulations, or anjr other dangerous contagious disease, to be taken into such schoolhouse, church, building, room or place, for the purpose of ho'd- ing funeral services over such body; and no sexton, undertaker, or other persons having charge of or direction of the burial of any body dead from any of the said diseases, shall permit the coffin or casket containing such body to be opened in the presence of any child; nor shall any child be permitted to act as pall-bearer or carrier at any such funeral. 4. No hack, omnibus or other closed vehicle used for the con­ veyance of the living, shall be permitted to carry the body of any person dead from an infectious or contagious disease; nor with the knowledge of the owner, driver or person in charge thereof, to carry any person or article liable to communicate the infection or contagion of such disease. And any railroad car, omnibus, cab, hack or other vehicle, in which a person has been carried affected with any of the diseases named herein, shall be forthwith removed from service and be disinfected before being used again.

DISINTERMENT. 1. Whenever it is desired to disinter the body of a human be­ ing for removal or transportation, a separate application for per­ mission so to do must be made to the Territorial Board of Health for each body to be disinterred, on blanks furnished by the Terri­ torial Board. The application must state the full name of the deceased, also the age, cause of death, date of death, name of physician who made the certificate of death, place of burial, and where to be reinterred. The disinterment permit must be approved by the local Board of Health of the jurisdiction where the body lies buried, and said dis­ interment must be made under their immediate supervision. Territorial Board of Health. 89

2. No disinterred body must be received for transportation by any railroad unless accompanied by a special disinterment permit from the Territorial Board of Health, which is additional to the regu­ lar transportation permit. 3. Where the disinterment is for the removal of bodies to another part of the same cemetery, or to a contiguous cemetery, the removal must not be any public conveyance. In such cases it is not required that the bodies shall be prepared as for transportation by railroad or other public conveyance. But a disinterment permit, approved by the local Board, must be obtained for each body disin­ terred. 4. When the cause of death is given as "heart failure," and the age of deceased is under thirty years, it must be deemed as suspicious, and no railroad transit permit be issued thereon by a local Board un­ til investigation is made by the health officer, unless there is a posi­ tive statement in the physician's return that the "heart failure" was not the result of diphtheria. The following rules shall go into effect and be in force on and after September 1, 1898.

Medical Institutions.

MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS REPRESENTED IN THE OFFICIAL REGISTER OF PHYSICIANS OF OKLAHOMA WITH THE NUMBER FROM EACH INSTITUTION, OCTO BER 1900.

1 Alabama—Medical College of Alabama, Mobile, 5. 2 Arkansas—Arkansas University, Little Rock, 10. 3 Colorado—Gross Medical College, Denver, 2. 4 University of Denver, Denver, 1. 5 Connecticut—Yale University, New Haven, 1. 6 District Columbia—Columbian University, Washington, 5. 7 Howard University, Washington, 7. 8 University of Georgetown, 9 Georgia—Medical Department University of Georgia, Augusta, 10 Georgia College Eclectic Medicine and Surgery, Atlanta, 4. 11 Savannah Medical College, 2. 12 Southern Medical College Atlanta, 4. 13 Atlanta Medical College, Atlanta, 7. 14 College of Physicians and Surgeons, Atlanta. 15 Illinois—Rush Medical College, Chicago. 37, 16 Chicago Medical College, Chicago, 17. 17 American Medical Missionary College, Chicago, 1. 18 Bennett College, Eclectic Medicine and Surgery, Chicago, 8. 19 Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Chicago 15. 20 Chicago Homeopathic Medical College, 5. 21 Chicago Physio-Medical College, 2. 22 College Physicians and Surgeons of Chicago, 10. 23 Northwestern University, Womans College, Medical, Chicago 2. 24 Quincy College of Medicine, Quincy, 1. 25 German Medical College, Chicago, 2. 92 Territorial Board of Health.

26 Indiana—Fort Wayne College of Medicine, 5. 27 Medical College of Indiana, Indianapolis, 17. 28 Indiana Medical College, Indianapolis. 29 Indiana Medical College, La Porte, 2. 30 Ceutral College of Physicians and Surgeons, Indiana­ polis, 3. 30£ University of Medicine, Indianapolis. 31 Curtis Physio-Medical Institute, Marion, 1. 32 Physio-Medical College of Indiana, Indianapolis, 4. 33 University of Medicine, Indianapolis. 33£ Iowa—Drake University, DesMoines, 34 State University of Iowa, Iowa City, 35 Sioux City Medical College. 36 College of Physicians and Surgeons, Keokuk, 46. 37 Keokuk Medical College, 12. 37^ Kansas—Kansas Medical College, Kansas City, 38 Kansas Medical College, Topeka, 3. 39 Kansas Medical College, Independence, 1. 40 Kentucky—University of Louisville, 42. 41 Louisville Medical College, 32. 42 Kentucky School of Medicine, Louisville, 37. 43 Hospital College of Medicine, Louisville, 15. 44 Louisville National Medical College, 1. 45 Translyvania University, Lexington, 2. 46 Louisana—Tulane University of Louisana, 12. 47 Charity Hospital Medical College, New Orleans. 48 Maine—Medical College of Maine, Brunswick, 1. 49 Maryland—University of Maryland, Baltimore, 4. 50 College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, 18. 51 Baltimore University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 2. 52 Washington University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 2. 53 Baltimore Medical College, 3. 54 Massachusetts—Harvard University, Boston, 3. 55 Michigan—University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 10. 56 Detroit Medical College, Detroit, 3. 57 Detroit Homeopathic College, Detroit, 3. 58 Minnesota—Hospital Medical College, Minneapolis, 1. 59 Missouri—Missouri Medical College, St. Louis, 48. 60 College of Physicians and Surgeons, St. Louis, 31. 61 Barnes Medical College, St. Louis, 23. 62 Marion-Sims College of St. Louis, 19. 63 Beaumont Hospital Medical College, St. Louis, 12. 64 St. Louis Medical College, 22. 65 Homeopathic Medical College, St Louis, 6. 66. American Medical College, St Louis, 17. Territorial Board of Health. 93

67 Eclectic Medical College, St. Louis, 2. 68 University of Missouri, Columbia, 7. 69 St. Joseph Medical College, 3. 70 Northwestern Medical College, St. Joseph, 14. 71 St. Joseph Hospital Medical College, 3. 72 Ensworth Medical College, St. Joseph, 10. 73 Kansas City Medical College, Kansas City. 74 University Medical College, Kansas City, 32. 75 Kansas City Homeopathic Medical College, 9. 76 Central Medical College of St. Joseph, 2. . 77 Medico-Chirurgical College of Kansas City, 6. 77^ Union Medical College, Kansas City. 78 Ames Medical College St. Louis, Mo., 3. 79 Joplin College of Physicians, Joplin. 80 Kansas City Hospital College of Medicine, Kansas City, 2. 81 Occidental College of Physicians and Surgeons, Joplin, 1. 82 Nebraska—University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 2. 83 Medical Department Cotner University, Lincoln, 1. 84 Creighton Medical College, Omaha, 1. 85 New York—College of Physicians and Surgeons, City of New York, 5. 86 Bellevue Hospital College, New York City, 16. 87 Medical Department University, City of New York, 9. 88 New York Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital, New York City, 2. 88£ New York Medical College, New York City, 89 New York Medical College and Hospital for Women, New York City, 1. 90 Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, 4. 91 Syracuse University, College of Medicine, 1. 92 Geneva Medical College, (extinct) 2. 93 University of Buffalo, 6. 94 Albany Medical College, Albany, 4. 95 Eclectic Medical College of the City of New York, 1. 96 Ohio—Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati, 18. 97 Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, 7. 98 Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, 2. 99 Medical University of Ohio, Cincinnati, 2. 100 Cincinnati Medical College, 1. 101 Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, 22. 102 American Medical College, Cincinnati, 2. 103 Physico-Medical Institute, (Cincinnati, 4. 104 Pulte Medical College, Cincinnati, 4. 105 Starling Medical College, Columbus, 9. 94 Territorial Board of Health.

106 Columbus Medical College, 4. 107 Homeopathic Hospital Medical College, Cleveland, 2. 108 University of Wooster, Cleveland, 2. 109 Charity Hospital Medical College, Cleveland, 1. 110 Cleveland Medical College, 2. 111 Western Reserve University, Cleveland, 5. 112 Pennsylvania—Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 12. 113 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 11. 114 Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 8. 115. Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, 1. 116 Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1. 117 Philadelphia College of Medicine and Surgery, and Penn­ sylvania Medical College, Philadelphia, 2. 117£ North Carolina—North Carloina Medical College,Davidson. 118 South Carolina—Medical College of South Carolina, Char­ leston, 1. 119 Tennessee—Memphis Hospital Medical College, 18. 120 University of Nashville, 8. 121 University of Tennessee, Nashville, 25. 122 Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 20. 123 Maharry Medical Department Central Tennessee College, Nashville, 3. 124 University of the South, Sewanee, 4. 125 Tennessee Medical College, Knoxville, 2. 126 Chattanooga College of Medicine, Chattanooga, 4. 127 Hannibal Medical College, Memphis, 2. 128 Texas—Fort Worth University, 7. 129 Medical Department of University of Texas, Galveston, 4. 130 Texas Medical College and Hospital, Galveston, (extinct.) 131 Vermont—University of Vermont, Burlington, 9. 132 Caselton Medical College, Caselton, 1. 133 Virginia—University College of Medicine, Richmond, 2. 134 Medical College of Virginia, Richmond 1. 135 University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 2. 136 Wisconsin—Milwaukee Medical College, Milwaukee, 1. 137 Canada—Trinity University, Toronto, 1. 138 McGill University, Montreal, 1. 139 Victoria College of Medicine, Coborg, Ontario, 2. 139J Victoria Medical College, Toronto, 1. 140 University of Toronto, 1. 141 College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, Toronto, I. 142 Bishop's Medical College, Montreal, 1. 143 Medical Department Queen's University, Kingston, On­ tario, 1. 144 Miscellaneous Foreign—Bavaria.—Bavarian State Univer­ sity, 1. Territorial Board of Health. 95

145 Ireland—Queen's University, 1. 146 Germany—University of Wurtzburg, 1. 147 University of Griefwauld, 1. 148 Russia—Medical Institute Keltz, 1. 149 Saraotga Medical College, Russia, 1. 150 France—University City of Paris, 1. 151 England—South Devon and Cornwall Marine Hospital C lege, 1. 152 Royal College of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland. 153 Royal University, Pavice, Italy. 154 West Riding Leeds College of Medicine, England.

y

OFFICIAL REGISTER

OP PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS,

WHO HOLD CERTIFICATES FROM THE TERRITORIAL SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH.

o o£ s a S's-s g 5 •o s J» r Name Post Office Nativity e «~- t O = 2- U 3 5i| e Z >< a Si icoi" 4 Adams, J. H. B., El Reno Indiana 1872 103 Jury 8. Anderson, G. L., Newkirk Ohio 1868 106 June 26, 1894 407 Allen Eleazer D., Purcell Iowa 1889 36 Aug. 22, 1891 88 Arnold, C. D., El Reno Kentucky 1876 40 July 11, 1891 6 Ackley, Francis M.. Guthrie Ohio 105 Aug. 27, 1891 27 Alexander, M. A., Mulhall ...• Kentucky 1870 40 Nov. 10, 1891 114 Applewhite, B. L., Tecumseh 1880 40 July 2, 1892 175 Adair, Wm. A., Oklahoma City 1883 26 Aug. 29, 1892 189 Alsdorf, D. F., Guthrie New York 1855 »4 Oct. 3, 1892 171 Alston, Allen J., Langston N. Carolina 1889 7 Sept. 3, 1892 170 Anderson, J. E., Guthrie Indiana 1887 104 Aug. 16, 1893 261 Anderson, G. L., Newkirk Ohio 1868 105 June 26, 1894 407 Arthur, E. B Missouri 1874 59 Feb. 9, 1894 343 Amerman, Chas. E., Newkirk -.. Georgia 1888 66 Apr. 10, 1894 361 Adair, Jas. B., El Reno Missouri 1887 36 June 22, 1894 402 Ackor, T. D., Weatherford Ohio 1873 96 Feb. 28, 1895 458 Atkin, Edward Galatia Ireland 1872 152 Apr. 13, 1895 464 Abel, Wm. N., Norman Mississippi 1888 60 Nov. 9, 1896 547 Avery, Thos. Can, Guthris "Georgia" 1889 12 Dec. 2, 1897 628 Acker, Calvin S., Kildare Pennsylvania 1885 15 Feb. 24, 1898 653 Archer, David E., Osage City ....Pennsylvania 1890 65 Mar. 3, 1899 788 Allen, Gail D., Chandler Missouri 1898 63 May 8 1898 818 Arthur, Wm. Richard, Oakdale ..Kentucky 1897 50 May 2, 1899 812 Absher, John R., Oscola Tennessee 1892 121 Aug. 26, 1899 891 Abernathy, W., Oakdale Alabama 1899 41 May 29, 1899 834 Allen, D. H., Ceres Missouri 1872 122 Sept. 28, 1899 91) Allen, Thos. J., Oklahoma City....Arkansas 1899 17 Oct. 10, 1899 915 Alexander Samuel, Argentine Illinois 1869 16 Nov. 27, 1899 945 Asbee, Edward L., Guthrie Illinois 1896 60 Dec. 26, 1899 968 Ardery, J. Son. Hunnewel'l Indiana 1886 16 Feb. 15, 1900 995 Allen, Frank W.. Texmo Virginia 1900 128 Apr. 21, 1900 1039 Aud, J. H., Blackwell Kentucky 1900 42 Oct. 9, 1900 1131 Abbott, G. A., Oklahoma Ontario 1895 143 Dec. 10, 1900 1165 Adams, D. C. Lenora Missouri 1895 72 Dec. 21, 1900 1176 93 Territorial Board of Health.

• ="- .a o Name Post Office Nativity .§ -5*5 « S CD 5*— 0 i o -sfs o -g > 3t£ Q Z Barker, E. O., Guthrie Indiana 1882 70 June 7, 1891 2 Burch, Silas F., Norman 1874 120 Aug. 1, 1891 32 Beale, Andrew J., Oklahoma City. Kentucky 1854 45 Aug. 1, 1891 37 Bradford, C. B., Oklahoma City..Missouri 1882 73 Aug. 1, 1891 42 Black, Henry H., Oklahoma City.. Kentucky 1878 27 Aug. 1, 1891 51 Bulson, I. C, Oklahoma City 1884 65 Aug. 11. 1891 58 Belt, James, Edmond Virginia 1843 135 Aug. 24, 1891 78 Berry, J. T., Guthrie Missouri 1876 117 Aug. 31, 1891 74 Brown, Ralph A., Sheridan Ohio 1880 55 Sept. 28, 1891 101 Bailey, Carson, Dover Kentucky 1871 40 Oct. 21, 1891 113 Buxton, L. H., Oklahoma City ...Vermont 1884 131 Apr. 23, 1892 143 Brown. Jas. W„ Oklahoma City... Missouri 1892 77% June 27. 1892 162 Brown, Richard, Oklahoma City..S. Carolina 1888 123 Apr. 22, 1892 152 Bryant, Chas. T., Lexington Arkansas 1886 36 May 11, 1892 156 Barnes, S. M., Stillwater 1891 7 Aug. 27, 1892 179 Box, T. J., Noble Alabama 1891 46 Oct. 28, 1892 189 Blesh, A. L., Guthrie Pennsylvania .. ..1889 16 Mar. 13, 1893 201 Boyce, N. V., Hennessey 1888 96 Mar. 8, 1893 205 Barton, A. C, Kings Iowa 1887 101 Apr. 4, 1893 226 Burge, Thos. M., Yukon r0wa 1892 43 Apr. 10, 1893 228 Bryarat, Jno. W., Orlando Kentucky 1886 73 May 11, 1893 233 Briggs, Frank J., Ingalls Illinois 1875 18 June 12, 1893 23; Blood, John, Mulhall New York 1882 26 June 22, 1893 237 Bennett, Otho W., Okarche Indiana 1892 27 June 12, 1893 243 Breeding, S. H., Frisco Kentucky 1890 43 Oct. 24, 1893 293 Briggs, James Davis, Santa Fe ..Kentucky 1892 42 Dec. 18, 1893 307 Beckham, Henry, Arapahoe Tennessee 1892 10 Oct. 2, 1894 280 Bloomfield, R. G., Oklahoma City Illinois 1884 15 Apr. 20, 1894 363 Barkley, Alexander, Pond Creek...Missouri 1889 66 May 7, 1894 372 Bandy, George, Perry Wisconsin 1892 19 May 12, 1894 376 Barker, Hiram G., Sheridan Kansas 1893 64 June 5, 1894 395 Burdlck, J. D., Newkirk Illinois 1876 7 June 25, 1894 405 Bailey, S. E., Waukomis W. Virginia 18S0 49 June 28, 1894 40S Barr, Wm. H., Oklahoma City .New York 1876 107 June 27, 1894 31! Baker, Wm. P., Cleveland Arkansas 1891 2 June JJ 1894 319 Brown, Wylie, Brown's Store 1863 103 Jan- 27, 1894 333 Boyd, H. Y., Wichita Indiana 1886 96 Mar- 15- 1894 348 Barrett, C. L., Miller Ohio 1889 106 Mar. 15, 1894 377 Brengle, Wm. B., Perry Illinois 1879 15 May 8- 1894 374 July 24 1894 414 Bilby, G. M., Cushing Iowa 1894 fl ' Bridgeman, N. S., Hawley Illinois 1878 96 °ct- 19> 1894 431 Baird. A. B., Oklahoma City Kentucky 1880 112 Oct. 1, 1894 428 Brengle, D. D., Perry 1891 22 Jan. 25, 1895 454 Baugh, John H., Clifton Kentucky 1893 40 Jan. 24, 1895 452 Baker, Joel G, Wood Texas 1893 46 Mar. 15, 1895 461 Brinks, W. J.. Purcell Alabama . 1S94 66 APr- 15> 1895 4«5 Beenblossom, Z. E., Oklahoma CityIf)Wa lggl 3? June 12, 1895 473 Bush, P. E., Oklahoma City New York .... ^'!l885 93 °ct- 30' 1895 495 Jan Bennett, H. H., Perry New jersey' i8Ri s5 - 24, 1896 505 Bilby, J. F., Stroud Indiana .... '.'.'.'.'.'.1896 69 Aug. 8, 1896 534 Borden, J. D., Burnett Alabama 1894 121 Oct. 2, 1896 538 Brafford, S. F., Sibley Kentudky 1878 43 Jan- 5, 1897 555 Bradley, H„ Davenport Indiana 1882 31 Jan. 8, 1897 557 Brown, C. A., Oklahoma City Iowa 1891 34 Aug. 23, 1897 597 Bell, R. W., Pawnee New York 1S92 1)4 Sept. 16, 1897 603 Bezanson, C, Arkansas Nor. S 1895 77 Jan. 31, 1898 636 Baker, A. A., Rewfrow New York 1880 1C2 Feb. 4, 1898 642 Bray, G. T., Francis Georgia 1892 43 Feb. 8, 1898 645 Territorial Board of Health.

i2 Name Post Office Nativity s 2 »U o

= ss

Buxton, Eva J., Oklahoma City ..Indiana 1897 23 Mar. 29, 1898 659 Bartle, P. J., Augusta 1896 61 Mar. 30, 1898 661 Brantley, J. H., Wellston Tennessee 1893 125 Apr. 26, 1898 669 Bowles, C. A., Clay Illinois 1898 62 Apr. 30, 1898 673 Bauer, E. E., Guthrie ....?! New York 1898 93 May 29, 1898 680 Booner, E. A., Guthrie Iowa 1897 37 July 9, 1898 695' Brown, S. J., Oklahoma City Indiana 1896 75 Aug. 13, 1898 703 Burns, E. J., Sweeney Texas 1898 I29 Sept. 6, 1898 711 Buck, E. W., Chandler Indiana 1898 1& Sept. 6, 1898 712 Benedict, J. L., Chandler Kentucky 1883 W Nov. 5, 1898 733 Bowen, J. H., Lamont New York 1883 90 Nov. 23, 1898 740 Bonney, S. B., Weatherford Illinois 1884 64 Dec. 14 ,1898 747 Bobo, C. S., Norman Alabama 1881 •11 Dec. 31, 1898 755 Bowers, Wm. H., Kildare Indiana 1893 41 Jan. 23, 1899 769 Benepe, S. M., Oklahoma City....Ohio I866 86 Jan. 21, 1899 774 Barber, J. J., Highland Michigan 1895 37 Feb. 6, 1899 777 Bailey, G. M., Providence New Haven 1898 50 Mar. 28, 1899 799 Bailey, R. H., Blackwell Indiana I889 101 Apr. 10, 1899 806 Browning, J. W., Geary Tennessee 1899 61 May 15, 1899 823 Buck, D. C, Eldorado Mississippi 1893 40 May 23, 1899 824 Babcock, Henry C, Burling.on Iowa I896 41 May 23, 1899 825 Bradford, J. H., Oklahoma City..Ohio I860 64 June 2, 1899 831 Barnett, G C, Kiowa Arkansas 1892 60 June 2, 1899 838 Ballon, J. H., Jefferson Kentucky 1885 85 June 6, 1899 844 Bills, J. T., Munger Missouri 1884 66 July 29, 1899 871 Baker, E. O., Richmond Indiana 1899 73 Aug. 23, 1899 877 Buckner, F., Gage" Kentucky 1865 86 Aug. 29, 1899 892 Brownfleld, J., Blackwell Ohio 1857 15 Aug. 26, 1899 887 Bacon, J., Enid Wisconsin 1873 54 Aug. 10, 1899 881 Bilby, P, M., Stroud Indiana 1871 36 Oct. 23, 1899 924 Blake, Joel H., Avoca Missouri 1861 59 Oct. 23, 1899 92.* Bradley, E. D., Hennessey New York 1881 94 Oct. 30, 1899 929 Baird, W. D., Altus Illinois 1895 13 Nov. 10, 1899 933 Billings, J. S., Arapahoe Illinois 1896 64 Nov. 15, 1899 939 Burns, Clarence.Mountain View...Missouri 1895 46 Dec. 1, 1899 953 Burton, J. Z., Shawnee Georgie 1884 9 Dec. 12, 1899 960 Ballauri, C. W.. Cleveland Iowa 1897 74 Dec. 21, 1899 966 Ball, Wm. A.. Box Tennessee 1897 126 Dec. 26, 1899 969 Brown, W. G., Billings Missouri 1889 70 Jan. 31, 1900 988 Burnett, A. E., YUKOIU Tennessee 1899 121 Feb. 16, 1900 993 Boyce, Thos., Oklahoma City llinois 1900 63 Apr. 5, 1900 1028 Blackshear. R., Oklahoma City ....Alabama 1892 42 May 2, 1900 1065 Border, G. F., Mangum Texas 1890 60 June 13, 1900 1077 Bradley, C. E., OK.anoma City..Illinois 1895 74 June 20 1900 1084- Brewster, A. L,., Sacred Heart vrississippi 1881 122 June 28, 1900 1087 Broadfoot, J., Ponca City Canada 1891 70 June 28, 1900 10SS Baker, J. W., Enid Missouri 1893 70 July 17, 1900 1097 Bowers, H. C, Kildare Indiana 1894 42 Aug. 17, 1900 1101 Browne, S. F., Enid Illinois 1893 59 Sept. 10, 1900 1115 Barrett, J. E., Lawrence Pennsylvania .. .1886 34 Sept. 14, 1900 1119 Burson, H. C, Dayton Illinois 1896 51 Sept. 15, 1900 1120 Beach, C. H., Gainsville Wisconsin 1889 59 Oct. 3, 1900 1128 Baldwin, G, Ruthern Minnesota 1882 59 Oct. 6, 1900 "133 Bowling, J. A., Alva Missouri 1888 73 Dec. 27, 1900 1181

Carson, James M., El Reno .. .1887 59 1891. Carpenter, W, D., Lexington .1884 70 July 29, 1891. 100 Territorial Board of Health.

I Ai I i 1 -5s s s Name Post Offlco Nativity 114 1 I

"VS -si= Srt o «

Craig, J. M., Guthrie Indiana 1866 M July 31, 1891 12 Cotteral, C. F., Guthrie Indiana 1883 96 July 31, 1891 18 Cravens, Thos. A., Oklahoma City Indiana 1874 90 Aug. 1, 1891 30 Capshaw, T. J. M., Norman Tennessee 1884 119 59 Clutter, W. H., Oklahoma City ...Kentucky 1868 97 Aug. 1, 1891 36 Child, J. S., Purcell New York 1886 102 Sept. 21, 1891 96 Cagle, G. W., Chandler N. Carolina 1875 64 Oct. 15, 1891 102 Cox, J. H., Guthrie Pennsylvania .. ..1854 97 Apr. 23, 1892 128 Copeland,"*Wm. A., Edmond Missouri 1883 59 Feb. 22, 1892 137 Compton, G. D., Norman Georgia 1881 50 Sept. 23, 1892 182 Cooke, E. H., Hennessey New York 1881 91 Oct. 11, 1892 188 Craig, H. F., Norman W. Virginia 1888 51 Mar. 13, 1893 200 Childers, A. G. T., Mulhall Indiana 1890 72 Mar. 16, 1893 208 Carroll, A. H., Oklahoma City ....Missouri 1886 59 Apr. 10, 1893 217 Champion, C. F.. Enid Mississippi 1890 41 June 12, 1893 220 Comp, W. P., Tecumseh 1887 59 June 2, 1S93 235 Carpenter, J. D., Stillwater Indiana 1893 61 Aug. 4, 1893 240 Catilln, S. A., Tecumseh Kentucky 1882 42 Oct 2, 1893 283 Campbell, A. M., Watonga Texas 1891 121 Nov. 3, 1893 29i Cullimore, Thos. M., Perry Illinois 1877 87 Feb. 1, 1894 320 Creson, S. P., Stroud Indiana 1884 28 June 25, 1894 330 Chandler, H. S., Woodward Missouri 1887 59 Jan. 27, 1894 332 Cousin, J. B., Thurston 1S91 60 May 16, 1894 383 Cooley, Wm. M., Kingfisher New York 1868 19 July 7, 1894 409 Cooper, C. C, Oklahoma City ....Illinois 1882 36 Sept. 20, 1894 426 Curtis, G. D., Perry 1887 113 Feb. 8, 1895 456 Cristic, E. E., Cleo Missouri 1881 36 Apr. 20, 1895 466 Covert, G. M.,'Arkansas City Indiana 1873 40 Aug. 24, 1895 482 Collings, Oliver P., Cora Indiana 1874 28 Aug. 29, 1895 483 Chaney, J. C, Tecumseh Arkansas 1895 119 Nov. 7, 1895 498 Cox, Francis M., WMdwood Illinois 1887 66 Dec. 3, 1895 502 Colby, J. H.. Purcell Missouri 1890 59 Sept. 8, 1S96 536 Cole, R. A., Carney Tennessee 1874 40 Nov. 21, 1896 549 Craddock. C. H., McCloud Kentucky 1896 42 Dec. 7, 1896 552 Chattle, T. H., Alva New Jersey 1887 131 Mar. 16, 1897 563 Childs, Jos. S., Purcell 1897 371-2 May 7, 1897 577 Colrille, F., Kremlin Kansas 1897 76 Oct. 7, 1897 608 Cowden, W. R., McCloud Pennsylvania .. ..1894 42 Oct. 21, 1897 612 Cherry, G. P., Mangum 105 Nov. 19. 1897 620 Cunnungham, H. S., Alva [Pennsylvania 1865 142 Nov. 19, 1897 622 Cohen, S., El Reno Ohio 1893 42 Feb. 12, 1898 648 Cordell, U. S., Wannette Alabama 1895 126 Feb. 21, 1898 652 Campbell, S. T., Clarkson Missouri 1898 73 Apr. 11, 1898 664 CJark, J. A., Guthrie Illinois 1885 16 Oct. 5, 1898 620 Cannon, Ross S., Newkirk Missouri 1898 59 Apr. 29, 1898 671 Coe, C. M.. Stillwater Iowa 1898 22 Dec. 10, 1898 741 Cullom, Arthur B., Hennessey Iowa 1897 "65 Dec. 14, 1898 746 Oox. G. W., Oklahoma City Kentucky 1888 112 Jan. 6, 1899 75') Co*, Wm. C, Enid Maryland 1870 113 Feb. 18, 1899 781 Cotby, G. B., Norman Illinois 1880 16 Mar. 28, 1899 800 Cone, James, Morrisron Maine 1894 41 Apr. 5, 1899 801 Coberly, L. J., Pond Creek Missouri 1899 73 Apr. 10, 1899 804 Childers, R. A., Martin Texas 1899 122 Apr. 24, 1899 808 Chenoweth, W. A., Fouts Indiana 1883 70 Apr. 24, 1899 803 Cox, Wm. Walker. Yelldell Texas 1898 32 May 2, 1899... 813 Cleveland, O. B.. Anthony Vermont 1870 131 May 8! 1899!]]]! 815 Coburn, John, Beaver Scotland 1894 19 May 23, 1899]]]]] 828 Territorial Board of Health. 101

Jj 2 3 ill •O

<-J *J « a •a Name Post Office Nativity f U«*- o

IN £• Dawson, D., MiMguin N. Carolina 1887 81 May 2, 1899 811 Doon, E. W., Ponca Clt/ Canada 1883 36 May 15, 1899 822 Davis, S. J., Burns Georgia 1893 119 June 24, 1899 851 Doty, H. W., Homestead Illinois 1899 60 July 10, 1899 865 Downer, C. L., Tonkawa Illinois 1884 15 Sept. 18, 1899 902 Davis, W. B., Arlington Mississippi 1897 119 Nov. 18, 1899 ill Davis, F. J., Guthrie Kansas 1898 73 Nov. 27, 1899 945 DeLong, A. H., Billings Iowa 1899 15 Dec. 22, 1899 957 Di Collelmo, U. A., Norman Missouri 1890 153 Jan. 4, 1900 97o Dickerson, W. M., Oklahoma City.. Missouri 1897 60 Feb. 1, 1900 990 Dortch, A. W., Arkansas City ....N. Carolina 1898 33 Feb. 26, 1900 1007 Dean, L. E., Shawnee Missouri 1898 42 Mar 5 1900 1010 r Dickerson, W . T., West Liberty.. Illinois 1892 62 May 5 im m3 Durrett, D. W., Ralston Missouri 1900 74 june M i900 J079 wa 1891 Dabney, T., Gleenwood !° 36 june 21, 1900 1085 Dysail, J. C, Oklahoma City Texas 1894 40 july 6> 1900 ]

21 £%*-^5 3 • •• Name Post Office Nativity •a Si" i % 2 ° I 1113 o G 55 Feigenbaum, G. A., Oklahoma Ci y Illinois 1880 69 Dec. IS, 1891 123 Frasier, E. A., Hennessey Iowa 1883 65 Oct. 20, 1891 112 Fessenger, J. G., Shawnee 1874 84 Feb. 6, 1S92 133 Fee, Jno., Oklahoma Ci.y W. Virginio 1865 87 May 6, 1892 154 Ford, Mary, Guthrie Kansas i892 37 July 12, 1892 167 Ford, Oline, Guthrie New York 1892 37 July 12, 1892 168 Fancker, R. B., Oklahoma City.. Louisiana 1871 46 Aug. 6, 1892 176 Foyill, W. R., Tecumseh Alabama 1870 46 Dec. 26, 1892 191 Farrington, C, Guthrie Illinois 1885 19 Aug. 28, 1893 263 Fairgrieve, G. W., N. Enid Massachusetts 1892 "4 Nov. 6, 1893 299 86 Field, R. A., Enid 1880 Nov. 25, 1893 301 Fitzgerald, H. C. H., Britton Kentucky 1869 37 Feb. 19, 1894 314 Friedman, Paul, Guthrie Russia 1887 148 Apr. 9, 1894 358 Fisher, J. S., Mulhall 1883 73 May 24, 1894 387 Fenelon, Wm. J., Norman Wisconsin 1894 15 Nov. 14, 1894 438 Fleming, J. E., Purcell Missouri 1885 75 Mar. 2, 1895 459 Fisher, J. W., Oklahoma City Indiana 1879 20 Aug. 7, 1896 503 Fergunson, H. M., Mangum Indiana 1890 59 July 6, 1896 528 Fowler, J. E., Altus Texas 1887 119 July 3U, 1893 531 Foster, E., Okarche Kansas 1897 7 May 24. 1897 585 Taber, I. E., Cordell 1887 13 Sept. 10, 1897 Figaines, H. M., Chandler Minnesota 1880 108 Oct. 7, 1897 607 Finn, B. F., Guthrie Wyoming 1893 60 Oct. 12, 1897 610 Forden, W. B., El Reno Louisiana 1881 101 Nov. 20, 1897 626 Fisher, A. M. M., Guthrie New York 1873 57 Feb. 2, 1898 639 Fields, D. B., Oklahoma City Texas 1893 46 Dec. 17, 1898 748 Foster, Dean, Medford Michigan 1899 5 Oct. .12, 1899 920 Fuller, B. F., Perry W. Virginia 1879 101 Nov. 13, 1899 943 Felt, Roland A., Taloga Iowa 1899 61 Dec. 25, 1899 954 Furber, J. L., Blackwell New Hampshire ..1857 102 Dec. 12, 1899 959 Flsheo, E. E., Rodney Nebraska 1898 35 Apr. 18, 1900 1037 Fitzgerald, D. L.. Yewed Iowa 1900 73 Apr. 27, 1900 1041 Frizzell, J. T., Calumet Missouri 1900 73 Apr. 28, 1900 1015 Flemming, R., Blackburn ..... N. Carolina 1900 120 June 14, 1900 1079 Finney, J. M., Mangum Ohio 1900 128 Sept. 10, 1900 1114 Fletcher, C. L., Dover Vermont 1373 131 Sept. 19, 1900 1123 Finlaw, J. P., Oklahoma City New Jersey 1884 95 Oct. 3, 1900 1129 G. Granger, R. R., Guthrie W. Indies ... .1889 131 Oct. 18, 1891... 73 Galyen, R. H., Chandler Missouri 1883 66 Oct. 20, 1891... 03 Graham, S., Oklahoma City Ohio 1874 29 Nov. 25, 1891... 119 Gregory, Wm., Purcell England 1861 154 Feb. 1, 1893 .. 197 George, C. I., Enid Georgia 1892 12 Oct. 1893... 289 Garrett, S. S., Oklahoma City Nebraska 1893 34 J lly 1893... i."2l Gilky, C. M., Norman Pennsylvania .. ..1854 68 Nov. 1893... 295 Greenlan, H., Okarche Iowa 1889 34 Jan. 1894... 354 Gillett. W. F., Perry 1878 59 Feb. 1894... 337 Given, H. B., Guthrie Tennessee 1888 40 Aug. 1894... 420 Glenn, T. B.. Stroud Indiana 1866 6 Sept. 13, 1894... 422 Gambell, D. C, Alva Michigan 1875 36 Oct. 10, 1894... 430 Glenn, J. O., Perry Virginia 1882 69 Nov. 26, 1894... 442 Gorton, M. L., Ingalls New York im 18 Dec. 26, 1894... 449 Galbraith, Thos., Norman Indiana 1866 96 June 10, 1895... 472 Greene, W. B., Pawnee" N. Carolina 1859 120 Sept. 20 1895... 487 Germain, G. H., Ponca Ctty Kansas 1894 15 Oct. 17, 1895... 491 Gafford, I. A., Shawnee Iowa 1883 22 Nov. 26, 1895... 500 Geeslin, B. C, Ashton Ohio 1890 21 Feb. 27, 1896... 510 104 Territorial Board of Health.

0 J-- S S 1 lil J I Nam* Post Office Nativity 1 I« J | Ort ~S=J!S| O35 OO >- 5t£ D Z Gillam, E. D„ Ponca City Michigan 1893 62 Mar. 25, 1896 515 Goodrich, C. W., Wakiia Ohio 1874 103 Apr. 18, 1896 519 Gilbert, M. C, Tohee New York 1883 93 Oct. 5. 1896 539 Gladu, Gaston, Lexington Louisiana 1893 46 Oct. 9, 1896 541 Green, E. M., Norman Georgia 1890 113 Oct. 16, 189S 543 Gamble, R. A., Alva Missouri 1896 60 May 7, 1897 576 Gray, E. J., Tecumseh Arkansas 1889 122 Jan. 31, 1893 634 Graham, A. C, Oklahoma City ....Ohio 1891 110 Feb. 3, 1898 641 Griffith, J. E., Mangum S. Carolina May 10, 1898 675 Grant, W. O., Concord Tennessee 1898 61 Aug. 2, 1898 700 Guinn, J. H., Arkansas City Missouri 1886 73 Oct. 26, 1898 726 Grubs, E. B., Blackwell Ohio 1897 96 Dec. 21, 1898 750 Gearheart, A. P., Bramam Missouri 1898 74 Jan. 9, 1899 761 Goldham, D. N., Newkirk Pennsylvania .. ..1897 75 Jan. 28, 1899 770 Grubbs, R. B., Washington Virginia 1899 6 July 22, 1899 871 Goff, J. V, Bl Paso Iowa I889 72 Oct. 12, 1899 919 Griffin, D. W., Norman N.Carolina 1S99 133 Nov. 10, 1899 934 Gooch, L. T., Hunnewell Missouri 1896 43 Feb. 15, 1900 994 Gilham, E. M., Calumet Missouri 1900 73 Mar. 20, 1900 1017 Gose, C. O., Hennessey Iowa 1894 37 May 14, 1900 1060 Gunn, O. D., Reed Mississippi 1867 46 July 6. 1900 1091 Gates L. C, Jerico Missouri 1888 36 July 17, 1900 1107 Goods'ell, A., Oklahoma City Michigan 1898 75 Sept. 10, 1900 1117 Gilbert, John, Tonkawa Pennsylvania 1890 15 May 25, 1900 1121 Gilbert, J. W., Corinth Alabama 1870 86 Dec. 13, 1900 1169 M. Harriman, F. B., Guthrie Indiana 1882 36 July 31, 1891 23 Hiatt, Levi I,, Gutnrle N.Carolina 1884 96 Aug. 7, 1891 26 Hatstead, D. D., Oklahoma City..Canada 1854 93 Aug. I, 1891 45 Howard, I. W., Edmond Kentucky 1876 42 Aug. 1, 1891 49 Hawley, F. M., Oklahoma City 1883 33% Aug. 11, 1891 60 Hastings, B. M., Mulhall Ohio 1891 116 Aug. 19. 1891 76 Hofloman, W. D., Oklahoma City..Kentucky 1880 122 Aug. 1, 1891 39 Hawley, M. "W., Oklahoma City 1SS3 33% Aug. 11, 1891 106 Hester, R. L., Stillwater N. Carolina 1879 50 Aug. 24, 1891 85 Holliday, S. N., Noble Iowa 1882 70 Oct. 19, 1891 109 Hatchett, J. A., El Reno Missouri 1884 59 Dec. 16, 1891 122 Hoffman, L. R., Edmond Indiana 1884 20 Jan. 16. 1892 126 Harrington, John, El Reno 1878 101 Jan. 4, 1892 125 Halstead, H. P., Guthrie New York 1877 55 Apr. 13, 1892 132 Harrison, R., Sac & Fox Tennessee 1854 113 May 11, 1892 165 Harmon, O. S., Oklahoma City ....Missouri 1892 60 June 11, 1892 160 Hagard, J. B., Clifton Tennessee 1892 121 June 15, 1892 161 Hugh, T. F.. Kingfisher Virgin!* 1859 134 Oct. 7, 1892 185 Hedgecock, T. D., Lexington Georgia 1891 120 Jan. 27, 1893 196 Hood, C. O., Guthrie Indiana 1879 27 Jan. 31, 1893 193 Hatfield. Wm. M., Mulhall Minnesota 1886 34 Mar. 16, 1893 207 Holland, G. V, Stillwater Virginia 1885 43 Apr. 29, 1893 231 Higby, B., Kings Indiana 1849 27 June 19, 1893 246 Hamilton,'B. F.. Tecumseh Ohio 1884 96 Aug. 28, 1893 267 Hine, Lucius, El Reno Ohio 1876 96 Dec. 9, 1893 287 Harsh, R. H. N., Edmond Texas 1872 120 Oct. 22, 1893 292 Hughes, R. W., Baker Ohio 1876 96 Jan. 20, 1894 328 Hitch, W. N., Perry Ohio 1893 15 Jan. 27, 1894 317 Hopkins, W. S., Newkirk Missouri 1886 59 Mar. 14, 1894 356 Horner, Levi, Kildare Indiana 1886 73 Mar. 17, 1894 349 Territorial Board of Health. 105

CI n B £ Name Post Office Nativity CI O

0> = M W O Z Hamlin, H. M., Newkirk 1875 78 Mar. 21, 1894 351 Hall, R. L., Medford Missouri 1894 59 May 28, 1894v 390 Hungtington, R. C, Blackwell ....Illinois 1889 21 May 30, 1894. 394 Hues, Chas. P., Oklahoma City ....Ohio 1894 Ul June 21, 1849. 401 Hedrick, W. A., Chandler Indiana 1893 61 Oct. 3, 1894. 419 Hudson, J. H., Norman Louisiana 1892 53 Oct. 25, 1894. 432 Henderson, E. L., Kansas City Indiana 1881 96 Nov. 26, 1894. 441 Hamilton, Wilbur S., Norman, ....Illinois 1895 22 Apr. 22, 1895. 468 Harms, J. H., Cordell Missouri 1892 74 May 9, 1895.. 470 Houseworth, A. Lt, Seward Russia 1895 40 Aug. 13, 1895.. 481 Holly, Wm. A., Guthrie Pennsylvania 1892 7 Sept. 4, 1895.. 485 Hatcher, I. E., Samsville Tennessee 1886 122 Oct. -'1, 1895.. 493 Hall, B. F., Perry ohl° 1889 73 Nov. 2, 1895.. 496 Hannah, A., Sardis 1895 50 Dec. 4, 1896.. 551 Hannah, I. H., Shawnee Kansas 1886 119 Apr. 7, 1896.. 517 Hardin, T. H., Olustee Tennessee 1892 568 Nov. 6, 1896.. 545 Hart, E. E., Dane Illinois 1896 w Apr. 6. 1897.. 565 Houseworth, J., Seward Missouri 1897 36 Apr. 21, 1897 568 Hunter, Chas., Newkirk Alabama 1896 61 July 14 1897 595 Hajileton, Wm. F., Jefferson Canada 1873 101 Sept. 14, 1897 602 Hunt, G. M., El Reno Pennsylvania .. ..1888 13 Feb. 8. 1898 644 Hedden, J. W., Shawnee New York 1875 97 Feb. 16, . 649 9 Harp, M. R., Sacred Heart Georgia 1858 Feb. 16, 1898. . 650 3 Harned, C. O., Carwiile Kentucky 1897 4 Apr. 13, 1898 . 665 Hayle, P. W. Purcell ...Tennessee 1888 13 June 21, 1898. . 686 Heddns, C. H., El Reno Illinois 1898 15 July 23, 1898. . 69S Halt, J. W., Hennessey Iowa 1894 22 Aug. 10, 1898. . 702 Harrod, R. T., Blackwell Arkansas 1891 121 Aug. 23, 1898. . 705 Hyde, R. H., Mangum ,.. Tennessee 1891 122 Oct. 3, 1898. . 718 Harris, Wm. H., Kiowa Illinois 1881 66 Oct. 4, 1898. . 719 Hulett, J. A., Oklahoma City England 1897 15 Oct. 31, 1898.. . 727 Harned, Ben,;)., Jett Kentucky 1869 40 Nov. 2, 1898.. . 72.1 Hall, J. E., Chandler Missouri 1893 41 Dec. 21, 1898.. . 751 8 Hackley, L. B., Perry Ohio 1 91 74 Jan. 16, 1899.. . 764 Hendryx, H. B., Weatherford Tennessee 1890 12i Feb. 23, 1899.. . 783 Hollaway, W. A., Kelly ton Alabama 1889 1 Mar. 8, 1899.. . 789 Hale. J. W., Burnett Missouri 1898 42 Mar. 28, 1899.. . 79S Holbrook, R. W., Perkins Kentucky i899 62 Apr. 19, 1899.. 817 Hlgdon, Ed., Cooper Missouri 1889 "4 May 15, 1899.. 821 Highfill, J. E., Hoover Arkansas 1899 61 June 15, 1899.. 842 Hyde, Frank, Kremlin Missouri 1895 62 June 19, 1899.. 847 Halen, C. J., Bouborn Pennsylvania 1877 66 June 28, 1899.. 853 Heartshouse, W. O., Ponca City. Iowa 1899 73 July 31, 1899.. 875 Hall, Jas. F., Dickson, Illinois 1896 41 Sept . 7, 1899.. 900 Haycroft, S. E., Fonca City Missouri 1886 24 Oct 10, 1899.. 917 Harris, H. D., Carnile Kentucky 1870 15 Oct. 30, 1899.. 930 Hubbell, H. W., Jones New York 1890 70 Nov. 18 ,1899.. 942 Humphrey, John. Enid Michigan 1898 73 Nov. 20. 1899.. 943 Hazen, Abe L., Newkirk Kansas 1899 73 Dec. 19, 1899.. 963 Hatchins, R. E., Moral Mississippi ...... 1876 41 Jan. 6, 1900.. 976 Hughes. E. J., Fountain Illinois 1876 36 Jan. 20, 1900.. 981 Hulen, F. P., Pond Creek Missouri 1885 59 Feb. 26, 1900.. lOOo Harrill, L. B., Caroleen N. Carolina 1897 126 Mar. 16, 1900.. 1014 Hamlll, J. R., Guthrie Illinois 1887 15 Mar. 1", 1900.. 1011 Hamill, E. B., Guthrie Iowa 1899 22 Mar. 7, 1900..^^^^^^. 1012^ Holmes, T. H., El Reno Ohio 1889 96 Mar. 19. 1900 1016 Harrison, C. W., Enid Arkansas 1885 40 Mar. 30, 1900 1024 LOG Territorial Board of Health.

Name Post Office Nativity u •3 d SB Hamilton, W. S., Norman p. Illinois 1900 22 May 1, 1900.. 1050 Holland, A. W., Oklahoma City ..N. Carolina 1900 40 May 17, 1900 1062 Helf, J., Oklahoma City Pennsylvania 1886 59 May 26, 1900 1038 Harris, W. F., Wood Georgia 1900 14 June 8, 1900 1071 Heaton, E. E., Oklahoma City ....Missouri 1896 36 June 21, 1900 1086 Hanison, H. M., Quincy Ohio 1877 36 Aug. 4, 1900 1095 Hood, Robt. J., Carrier Kentucky 1897 43 July 3, 1900 1093 Hammond, F. W., Ft Sill Illinois 1900 19 Aug. 24, 1900 1103 Haas, Karl, Blackburg S. Carolina 1898 12 Sept. 6, 1900 1092 Hill, Chas. B., Guthrie Illinois 1899 74 Sept. 24, 1900 1126 Huston, H. M., Ruthern Iowa 1872 34 Oct. 6, 1900 1134 Huddleson, M. M., Perry Kentucky 1882 66 Oct. 28, 1899 "Tl44 Hiller, R. B., Norman Illinois 1893 60 Oct. 29, 1900 1145 Hempstead, W. E., Independence ..Ohio 1891 122 Nov. 19, 1900 1154 Hall, E. A., Cordell Pennsylvania .. ..1874 36 Dec. 4, 1900 1162 Hagen, A. R., Oklahoma Germany 1897 46 Dec. 8 1900 1161 Hooper, O. K., Granite Kentucky 1896 105 Dec. 14, 1900 1170 Hopkins, C. N., Chicago Iowa 1892 ?? Dec. 28, 1901 1184 I. Innis, Robt, E., Norman 1886 101 Aug. 1, 1891 33 Ikerd, Chas. E., Blackwell Indiana 1892 40 Apr. 20, 1894 366 Ireland, Wm. W., Guthrie Missouri 1891 63 Nov. 6, 1894 436 Ingles, A. B., Augusta Illinois 1896 72 Oct. 13,' 1896 542 Ives, J. F., Lahoma Iowa 1893 70 Nov. 10, 1898 736 lies, T. J., Nashville Tennessee 1897 322 Mar. 31, 1897 1173 J. Jordon, F. M., Ok:ahoma City ....I.linois 1879 15 Aug. 1, 1891 23 Johnson, G. P., Lexington Ohio 1874 34 Aug. 1, 1891 46 Jackson, A. H., El Reno Indiana 1875 36 Aug. 11, 1891 67 Jordon, C. C, Guthrie Tennessee 1881 121 Nov. 6, 1891 104 Jeter, J. T., Guthrie Alabama 1891 127 Apr. 28, 1893 213 Jordon, W. A., Oklahoma City ....N. Carolina 1873 50 May 3, 1893 219 Johnson, G. L., Clarkson Ohio 1893 73 Jan. 2, 1893 216 Jones, F. F., Perry Ohio ".1893 6 Sept. 8, 1893 264 Johnson, S., Pond Creek Pennsylvania 1872 112 Jan. 2, 1894 324 Jester, J. A., Cloud Chief Tennessee 1895 122 Jan. 22, 1895 451 Jenkins, C. A., Tecumseh Missouri 1893 69 Jan. 25, 1895 453 Johnson, W. S., Seger Tennessee 1884 4

•a I ." • i 1 Name Post Office Nativity n a ? —

e fftl P- 3 si: o 55 Kelley, Benj. B., Carney Kentucky 1890 121 Sept. 1892 169 Kelso, M. A., El Reno Ohio 1888 82 Mar. 1893 193 Knowles, B. H., Norman Indiana 1892 41 Apr. 1893 229 Kelley, W. R., Watonga Wisconsin 1893 22 Nov. 1893 297 Knepper, J. I., Shawnee Prance 1899 ... Feb. 1894 352 Karr, I. D., Alva Illinois 1892 36 Apr. 1894 367 Kernodle, Jas. L., Clarkson Missouri 1894 73 May 1894 391 Karr, M., Alva Minnesota 1894 72 Apr. 1895 467 Keith, H. H., Shawnee Illinois 1892 86 Oct. 1895 491 Kerr, G. W., Co.dwater Illinois 1874 55 Mar. 1896 512 Kilburn, J. I., Earlsboro Missouri 1896 63 May 1896 623 Keith, J. B., Hutchinson Connecticut 1894 87 Mar. 1897 562 Kennedy, S. G., Tulsa Missouri 1898 73 Apr. 1898 668 King, Chas. L., Shawnee Mississippi 1883 40 Nov. 1898 738 Knight, S. E., Enid Maine 1892 48 Apr. 1899 810 Kendall, J., Marentian j Kentucky 1853 64 July 1899 860 King, Nat, Weatherford Texas 189* 41 Oct. 1899 922 Klckland, Richard, Tecumseh Mississippi 1896 119 Dec. 1899 961 Knowenstrot, W. B., Newkirk ....Kentucky 1899 25 Dec. 1899 964 Knowtnstrot, B. J., Newkirk Kentucky 1890 40 Dec. 1899 965 Karsner, A. E., Toledo Ohio 1880 55 Feb. 1900 £98 Kirkpatrick, C. D., Shawnee Missouri 1896 62 May 1900...." 1059 Kiiyg, Duncan F., Guthrie Barboos 1900 7 May 1900 1001 Keith, M. C, Lexington Maine 1861 103 May 1900 1037 Keith, J. J., Kingfisher Minnesota 1890 32 June 1900 1075 Knoefel, E. A., Leroy Kentucky 1893 40 June 1900 1076 Kerley, J. W., Burns 1900 120 July 1900 1101 Keir, J. W., Hammon Dom. Canada ....1900 42 Sept. 1900 1111 Kerley, Q. A., Honey Bend Illinois 1900 61 Aug. 1900 1108 Kaylor, R. C, McCloud Illinois 1M0 15 Nov. 1900 1152 L. Liggett, J. E., Guthrie Missouri 1890 36 July 31, 1891 21 Light, Geo. W., Britton Ohio 1869 115 Aug. 1, 1891 41 Littlefield, John J., El Reno New York 1870 114 Aug. 24, 1891 64 Little, Walter R., Clayton Illinois 1878 36 Aug. 24, 1891 82 Linville, D. G, Kingfisher Ohio 1849 111 Sept. 21, 1891 98 Love, F. S., Sheridan, Missouri 1887 112 Sept 30, 1891 105 Larkin, F. E., Noble Ohio 1889 63 Nov. 25, 1891 120 Lower, Chas. S., Hennessey I'.linois 1884 121 Jan. 16, 1892 137 Lumm, E. E., Mulhall Ohio 1891 70 Jan. 18, 1893 192 Lee, D. N., Moore Arkansas 1878 122 Mar. 9, 1893 206 Lee, G. W., Oneida Pennsylvania 1880 112 May 4, 1893 232 Lee, Frank A., Lacy Iowa 1893 72 June 28, 1893 249 Linengood, J. A., Guthrie Indiana 1883 27 Feb. 9, 1894 339 Littrell, A. R., Perry Kentucky 1891 121 Feb. 19, 1894 342 Linthicum, Otho M., Choctaw CityKentucky 1872 41 May 23, 1894 386 Lynde, L. W., Okarche New York 1880 36 SePl- 5- 1893 269 Love, R. D., Perry Texas 1892 41 Nov. 8, 1893 285 Lewis, M., Oklahoma City New York 1879 34 Dec- a- 1893 311 Lowther, Ed. Norman Arkansas 1893 42 Jan- 6' 1894 325 Lee, T. B., Enid Illinois 1879 120 Feb- 5> 1894 336 Long, O. M., Perry Missouri 1892 40 May 26, 1894 3"8 Lucas, L. H., Choctaw City Ohio 1884 30 Ma^ *• 1894 392 Lemon, W. W., South Haden Indiana 1873 28 Dec. 17, 1894 447 Lynes, J. W., Byron Missouri 1894 42 Jan. 15, 1896 504 T*dd, J. T., Omega Kentucky 1860 40 Jan. 30, 1896 525 Love, J. D., Newkirk Ohio 1878 96 Oct. 3, 1894 427 108 Territorial Board of Health.

a "•

3 £ *• ti Name Nativity Post Office O =£| O o o •sj=s o "g CI = • I i 5 Lucas, Wm. M., Cameron Pennsylvania .1880 96 C Q Z Loty, Geo., Blackwell Maryland .1892 50 Feb. 16, 1897 659 Oct. 21, 1897 614 Lowther, R. D., Norman Arkansas ..1893 42 Mar. 10, 1897 JU Long, L. L., Alva Kansas ..1898 47 Apr. 16, 1898 C-?7 Ligon, M. W„ Shawnee Mississippi .. ..1890 41 Jan. 21, 1S39 767 Lyon, J. J., McLoud Missouri ..1892 73 Apr. 17, 1899 fc(,7 Lambeth, Geo. B., Morantown Tennessee ..1889 73 June 19, 1899 S48 Lahew, J. L.. Pawnee Iowa ..1897 74 Aug. 18, 1899 884 Lowrey, Allen, Blackwell Kentucky ..1891 40 Aug. 26, 1S99 890 Lane, Thos., Oklahoma City Missouri ..1886 59 .1869 139% Aug. 31, 1899 893 Lee, Wm., Winfleld Canada Sept. 1, 1899 S96 Loving, J. H., Dot Missouri ..1881 121 ..1899 66 Jan. 20, 1900 98J Love, Thos. A., Ripley Missouri Feb. 5, 1900 992 London, Finn S. Union Kentucky ...... 1900 121 ..1888 131 May 22, 1900 106S Logan, Chas. J., Perry Maine Sept. 19, 1900 1124 League, Mary E., Guthrie Illinois ..1895 23 ..1883 96 Oct. 29, 1900 1143 Long, G. A., Perry Illinois Nov. 5, 1900 1U1 M. McConnehay, David, Mulhall Indiana 1858 117 July 31, 1891 9 Marion, F. E., Guthrie Missouri 1885 18 July 31, 1891 13 Mcllian, Jas. R., Oklahoma City... Kentucky 1882 73 Aug. 1, 1891 • Mahr, John C, Choctaw City Illinois 1889 73 Aug. 1, 1891 31 Moore, F. Marion, Edmond Iowa 1876 15 Aug. 1, 1891 50 McElrath, Chas. F., El Reno.. Pennsylvania 1867 113 Aug. 1, 1891 66 Meradeth, Chas. S., Hesnessey 1891 74 Aug. 1, 1891 70 McMustry, Milton, Purcell Missouri 1880 86 Aug. 22, 1891 89 Mayginnis, N. W., Stillwater Missouri 1884 74 Aug. 22, 1891 81 Murphy, I. B., Stillwater Indiana 1881 40 Aug. 24, 1891 80 McSherry, Richard, Oklahoma Civ W. Virginia 1880 49 July 11, 1891 7 McEmen, Thos., Tecumseh 1858 64 Feb. 4, 1892 135 McMustry, Robt. S., Ingalls Missouri 1876 65 Mar. 8, 1892 140 Mediaris, Chas. M., Crescent City.. Illinois 1892 70 Mar. 14, 1892 129 Murphy, W. W., EI Reno Canada 1884 86 Mar. 28, 1892 142 Mangan, John M., Lexington Ireland 1867 113 Mar. 24, 1892 142 McKesson, J. M., Hennessey Pennsylvania 1855 36 June 28, 1892 164 McCllntock, M. A., Kingfisher Iowa 1888 36 July 25, 1892 173 Mosteller, M. S., Thurston Illinois 1869 101 Oct. 7, 1892 186 Miller, John L., Cheyenne N. Carolina 1S92 122 Oct. 10, 1892 183 McCormick, S. H., Kingfisher Indiana 1892 40 Oct. 13, 1892 187 McGee, W. Nathan. Tecumseh Alabama 1890 1 Jan 21, 1893 193 Means, Jas. F., Keokuk 1892 49 Mar. 16, 1893 209 McDonald, A. L. M., Chandler Georgia 123 Mar. 25, 1893 211 Morgan, Will F., Guthrie Mississippi 1893 127 Apr. 26, 1893 212 Mamie, W. H., Norman Tennessee 1874 122 Mar. 23, 1893 224 McCollough, Robt., Arapahoe New York 1892 131 Jan. 5, 1893 242 Moore, Harris A., Arapahoe Kentucky 1893 41 Jan. 22, 1893 247 Moureyey, S. L., Oklahoma City Indiana 1879 63 Sept. 28, 1893 256 Miller, Jas. H., Newkirk Ohio 1892 73 Dec. 18, 1893 308 McFinzie, H. B., Enid Tennessee 1887 121 Sept. 19, 1893 271 Medaris, Jas. H., Enid Indiana 1891 74 Sept. 25, 1893 272 McClane, F. E., Enid Iowa 1891 36 Sept. 28, 1893 273 Moore, Sam A., Perry Ohio 1872 19 Jan. 10, 1893 279 Mathews, I. D., Keokuk 41 Dec. 25, 1893 322 Moffett, Edmond M., Keokuk Ohio 1882 87 Sept. 20, 1894 425 Magness, Benj. P., Moore Texas 1893 40 Oct. 29, 1894 434 Morse, M. V. B., NoDTe New Hampshire 1868 88 Nov. 15, 189* 441 Miles, T. I., Sac & Fox Kansas 1892 113 Nov. 29, 1894 445 Territorial Board of Health. 109

3J

3 1 -a f"*<3 c I Name Post Office Nativity CI Q MMM U o "* — «? o o l~ ^^-5 CI 1> a « = 5Si > £^ Qrt SS Michael, D. F., Ponca City 1888 50 Jan. 12, 1894 327 Morrow, L. B., Pawnee Ohio 1865 15 Feb. 18, 1894 340 McDonald, E. R., Jumper Tennessee 1881 11 Mar. 20, 1894 350 Mayberry, S. M., Waukomis Iowa 1893 60 Apr. 12, 1894 375 McMillon, John, Oklahoma City 1890 15 May 12, 1894 383 McFarland, John R., Okla^ City... Ohio 1878 36 May 15, 1894 382 Manchester, Wm. L., Blackwell... Ohio 1898 101 June 13, 1894 397 Masse, Edmond, Kingfisher Missouri 1880 59 June 8, 1894 399 McLean, James, Lamont Indiana 1877 26 Dec. 28, 1894 450 Munger, S. S., Woodward Texas 1891 121 June IS, 1895 474 Munsell, Levi S., Slusher Ohio 1870 105 Oct. 2, 1895 490 Munn, Robt. A., Edmond Tennessee 1890 122 Dec. 31, 1895 503 McClanahan, Jas. M., Pawnee Virginia 1899 72 Mar. 10, 1896 511 Martin, George, Kingfisher Michigan 1874 55 May 16, 1896 521 McGinnis, Robt. Wm., Kenton Missouri 1891 59 Oct. 2, 1896 537 Mooney, Jesse, Moral Arkansas 1896 128 Nov. 6, 1896 446 Morris, D. F., Dale Illinois 1886 83 Mar 15, 1897 561 Muzzy, Wm. I., El Reno Illinois 1897 59 Mar. 26, 1897 564 May, Wm. Henry, Falls Wisconsin 1897 136 Apr. 19, 1897 566 Mullins, W. C, Shawnee Texas 1899 86 Apr. 19, 1S97 567 Musgrove, R. C, Perkins Illinois 1874 39 Apr. 21, 1897 559 McCandless, R. E., Perry Iowa 1897 38 May 3, 1897 572 Mayginnis, P. H., Clayton Kansas 1897 60 May 3, 1897 574 Mason, Wm. H., Shawnee Missouri 1886 68 June 12, 1897 588 Montgomery, D. N., Franklin Indiana 1897 101 June 18. 1897 581 Marlow, John C, Blackburn Illinois 59 July 2, 1897 591 McKeeby, G. C, Guthrie Ohio 1868 86 July 3, 1897 593 McBride, J. B., Stella Texas 1889 42 Sept. 30, 1897 606 Murphy, D. L., Davenport Indiana 1890 31 Oct. 8, 1897 609 McGane, J. E., Lamont Illinois 1897 68 Oct. 28, 1897 613 McHugh, C. W., Sedan Indiana 1895 36 Nov. 19, 1897 624 McGee, D. B., Berlin 1889 40 Jan. 31. 1898 637 Murphy, Wesley, Noble Tennessee 1887 43 Feb. 10. 1898 647 Mackey, Jas. Lewis, Shawnee Ohio 1897 19 Feb. 30, 1898 660 Moss, Robt. Elgin, Waukomis Missouri 1897 62 Dec. 21, 1898 631 Moore, C. J. K., Butte Tennessee 1894 125 Apr. 14, 1898 166 Meyers, H. M., Yukon Tennessee 1891 121 May 16, 1898 677 Miller, Thos. D., Geary Missouri 1898 59 June 2, 1898 682 Marshman, A. G., Blackburn Iowa 1880 36 July 5, 1898 691 Murphy, Jas. M., Noble Tennessee 1881 43 July 9, 1898 695 Maxwell, S. A., Guthrie Iowa I895 34 Aug. 22, 1898 704 McCorkle,, H. B., Jefferson Kansas 1898 62 Aug. 25, 1898 706 McGaughy, Jas. W., Shawnee Mississippi 1898 43 Aug. 31, 1898 701 McPhee, Wm. Dio, Wakita Ohio 1898 38 Sept. 2, 1898 710 Morris. Geo. S., Arkansas City... Ohio 1874 96 Sept. 22, 1898 715 Marshall, Jas. W., Shawnee Pennsylvania 1898 61 Oct. 24. 1898 723 Miller, Louis A., Weatherfird Illinois 1895 60 Nov. 5. 1898 731 Mitchell, Thos. M., Clifton Arkansas 1892 121 Nov. 19, 1898 737 Munger, Geo. D., Oklahoma Michigan 1897 60 Nov. 28, 1898 742 Marshall, Archie M., Char.d'er Missouri 1898 68 Dec. 2, 1898 743 McLean, Jas., Blackwell Indiana 1877 26 Dec. 14, 1898 745 Mullins, Robt. B., Stillwater Kentucky 1882 41 Dec. 21, 1898 752 Mann, S. M., Guthrie Iowa 1896 34 Jan. 23. 1899 768 Martin, J. F.. Orie Germany 1898 65 Feb. 2, 1899 772 Mason, Mathew, Lexington Kentucky 1898 98 Feb. 6, 1899 776 Melvln. J. L., Guthrie Missouri 1896 84 Feb. 9. 1899 780 Murphy, Bennett, Tonkawa Illinois 1896 72 Mar. 14, 1S99 792 McKitrick, Elizabeth, Luther Ireland 1880 23 Mar. 14. 1899 793 110 Territorial Board of Health.

c fl "J 0 *— *$ • 0 I •3g = l ) 9 Name Post Office Nativity ,£ 3;" .°- ,'E* 0 B• £ * — 0

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McClane, Chas. T.. Okla. City Illinois 1878 101 Mar. 24, 1899 796 Mingus, Forest M., Waukomis Iowa 1890 34 Apr. 5, 1899 803 MudgeK, A. G., Enid New York 1869 114 May 15, 1899 820 Miller, Jas. L., Oklahoma City Texas 1899 CO May 23, 1899 831 McLean, Noah C, Owens Indiana 1899 61 June 22, 1899 839 Morris, A. B., Berlin Illinois 1876 36 June 6, 1899 843 Megee, Wm., Oklahoma City Missouri 1884 59 June 24, 1899 850 Mathis, Luther, Hoyle Tennessee 1899 61 July 7, 1899 861 Makle, Edward, Wakita Ohio 1897 59 July 22, 1899 863 Murphy, Garreth, Garden Iowa 1899 36 July 22, 1899 870 Matteller, E. C. Ingalls 1866 101 July 25, 1899 873 McClintock, Chas., Woods Indiana 1898 30 Aug. 26, 1899 883 Martin, Harry, Deer Creek Virginia 1898 75 Aug. 26, 1899 1-89 Murray, D. L., Edmond Missouri 1899 71 Sept. 21, 1899 909 McDonald, A. J., Box N. Carolina 1889 10 Sept. 28, 1899 911 Meador, Arch, Lahoma Missouri 1897 74 Sept. 28, 1899 912 Minor, Eli. Wm., Kansas City Missouri 1889 74 Sept. 28, 1899 914 Merwither, Charles, Stroiic". Missouri 1898 60 Dec. 1, 1899 951 Morton, Geo., Kansas City Missouri 1897 74 Dec. 8, 1899 968 Madison, R. T., Bryon Illinois 1876 36 Feb. 23, 1900 1001 Martin, Dan J., Perkins Missouri 1893 70 Mar. 28, 1900 1020 Messenbaugh, J. F., Okla. C'ty Missouri 1898 59 Apr. 3, 1900 1025 McNickers, W. D., Garber Iowa 1900 73 Apr. 18, 1900 1036 Markel, F. S., Independence Illinois 1892 62 May 5, 1900 1049 Mayfield, Thos., Oklahoma Indiana 1884 27 May 5, 1900 1051 Minor, Preston H., Pond Creek....Missouri 1900 74 May 8, 1900 1066 McCoy, J. W. Granite Tennessee 1900 128 June 8, 1900 1072 May, Jesse W.,Perry ohlo 1888 119 June 15, 1900 1080 Meadows, Ira E., Independence....Louisiana 1896 62 June 15, 1900 1081 Mayberry, Ed. A., Enid Iowa 1893 74 Aug. 29, 190 1109 Mcintosh, Jas. W., Shawnea Scotland 1893 75 Sept. 24, 190 1125 Meriwether, C. P., Norman Arkansas 1893 59 Oct. 5, 1900 1130 Moessuer, T. C, Alva Minnesota 1896 101% Oct. 25, 1900 1141 Miller, O. V.. Guthrie Germany 1876 88% Oct. 28, 1900 1142 Malster, J. C, Oklahoma Ohio 1896 112 Nov. 7, 1900 1150 Mabry, E. D., Mountain View .. .View Texas 1895 59 Dec. 17, 1900 1171 Maxwell, G., Watonga -Illinois 1899 15 Dec. 21, 1900 1177 Marshall, J. G., Standard N. Carolina 1899 119% Dec. 21, 1900 1179 N. Northup, John A., Dover New York 1866 92 Dec. 12, 1891 Ill Neal, Quinton B., Guthr'e Tennessee 1881 123 Apr. 2, 1892 131 Nail, Chas. C, Moore Arkansas 1889 2 Feb. 25, 1892 139 Northam, Henry M., Okla. C ty....Pennsylvania .. .1893 55 Jan. 29, 1893 253 Nolver, Wm. C, Perry Ohio 1886 86 Nov. 8, 1893 258 Nennam, Paul Germany 1878 147 Sept. 1, 1893 268 Nichols, Thos. Duty, Perry Mississippi 1878 40 Nov. 14, 1893 276 Nisbet, Benj. F., Tecumseh Tennessee 1892 122 Feb. 22, 1894 353 Nolver, Sam. M., Perry Ohio 1891 19 Apr. 20, 1894 362 Newman, C. W., Norman Missouri 1894 42 Apr. 31, 1894 421 Neeys, F. B. Van, Okla. City Indiana 1895 27 July 25, 1895 479 Newell, E. G, Jennings Missouri 1893 63 Sept 20 ,1895 486 Newell, John Quincy, Jennings Missouri U97 61 May 2, 1897 573 Norris, J. Alva, Okeene Illinois 1888 59 May 9 1897 579 Nlmmo, John Henry, Guthrie Canada 1886 143 May 20, 1897..7 581 Neel, Ney, Mangum Nov. 19, 1897 622 Nye, Luther A., Shawnee W. Virginia 1896 121 Oct. 19, 1898 723 Norwood, Wm. W., De'atur Kentucky 1888 59 Feb. 23, 1899 784 Territorial Board of Health. Ill

O o= S 9 uH 5 Name Post Office Nativity g |„5

Norwood, John B., Mary's Heme...Kentucky 1892 6) Feb. 23, 1899 783 Nichols, H. V, Liberal New, York 1898 73 July 7, 1899 8o9 Nisbitt, Paul, Watonga Iowa 1895 20 Aug. 31, 1899 894 Newbern, John M., Tecu;nsch N. Carolina 1S9S 7% Oct. 17, 1899 921 Newton, Wm. R., Pottsville Arkansas 1899 119 Nov. 15, 1899 940 Newman, Oscar C, Grand Ohio 1900 124 Jan. 25, 1900 982 Norwood, Frank H, Parkiind Missouri 1898 68 Jan. 30, 1900 987 Nash, W. G., Lawson Texas 1893 4 Feb. 5, 1900 991 Neal, Wesley, Mangum Georgia 1899 129 Mar 26, 1900 1021 ivasDoro, John P., Kiowa Virginia 1876 114 Apr. 21, 1900 103S O. O'Rear, R. F., Pond Creek Kentucky 1879 27 Dec. 25, 1893 323 O'Rear, Jas. H., Medford Kentucky 1873 15 Sept. 15, 1894 423 Overstreet, J. A., Kingfisher Texas 1883 86 Apr. 3, 1894 358 Orr, Ovid Butler, Shawnee Indiana 1894 42 July 2, 1897 592 Odell, Thos., Norman Indiana 1881 50 Sept. 1, 1898 709 O'B'lyng, Felix S., Elsenore Illinois 1882 3.'% Feb. 2, 1899 773 Owen, H. Dan, Keokuk Fulls Tennessee 1897 121 June 28, 1899 855 Owen, Andrew P., El Reno Scotland 1877 41 Feb. 22, 1900 1003 Ostander, E. H., Oklahoma City....Canada 1857 93 Mar. 20, 1900 101S Oyler, B. C, Aline Ohio 1899 66 Dec. 28, 1900 1183 P. Pinquard, Joseph, Guthrie Missouri 1883 41 July 7, 1891 5 Phelps, J. Hurhurt, Guthrie Connecticut 1880 15 July 31, 1891 22 Purcell, J. L., Norman 1865 97 Aug. 1, 1891 34 Peck, F. S., Edmond Ohio 1875 67 Aug. 1, 1891 68 Pierce, Clint W., Stillwater Illinois 1865 19 Aug. 24, 1891 79 Powley, Chas. P., Oklahoma City..Canada 1881 2 Aug. 24, 1891 87 Peyton, Chas. A., Oklahoma City..Illinois 1874 98 Dec. 5, 1891 121 Patton, Chas. B., Okarche Ohio 1878 106 June 7, 1892 159 Purdy, R. F., Norman .. Wisconsin 1874 15 Apr. 24, 1893 230 Pickring, J. H., Ingalls Illinois ....]] ]]]]]]l880 36 July 14, 1893 239 Phillips, E. E., Oklahoma 'Jity. ...Tennessee 1878 42 Sept. 26, 1893 255 Padon, Will H., Blackwell Kentucky .... ]]]]l893 42 Dec. 18, 1893 309 Poe, Lindrey G., Pawnee. Arkansas 1893 122 Jan- 10, 1894 278 Phipps, W. C, El Reno Illinois 1884 42 Jan- 26, 1894 331 Prengle, Wm. Burges, Peiry Illinois 1879 15 May 8- 1894 374 Patton, D. H., Woodward Kentucky ...... 1867 16 SePt- 20, 1894 424 Parsons, M. G., Oklahoma City Ohio 1868 59 Oct. 25, 1894 433 Phelps, Jas. R., Cross Illinois 1883 18 May 12, 1894 379 Pickens, A. C, Tecumseh Alabama 1880 43 May 25, 1894 388 Parr, Wm. P., Oklahoma Uty Indiana 1839 *12 May 30, 1894 393 Parten, W. K., Orlando Missouri 1S94 59 June 7, 1894 396 Phillips, G. H., Pawnee Kentucky S80 98 J«ne 25, 1894 401 Piatt, Alfred L., Stillwater England 1894 95 Aug. 10, 1894 417 Putman, Marshal S., Darlington....New York 1884 89 May 7, 1894 373 Payne, Thos. Jeff., Perry Missouri 1888 59 Feb. 24, 1894 347 Pierce, Wm., Perry Virginia 18S6 53 Apr. 1, 1895 462 Parker, Chas. W., Cloud Chief Missouri 1891 74 Jan. 31, 1896 506 Pettitt, B. B., Shawnee New York 1893 302 °ct- 6, 1896 540 Pile, Eugene, Portland Kentucky 1883 59 Jan- 14, 1897 558 Petty, Clarence L., Guthrie Alabama 1397 ?0 May 29, 1897 587 Perkins, W. F., Richmond Missouri 1867 34 May 20, 1897 582 Paterson, Thos. C. Lisbon Canada 18-3.1 W? Feb. 2. 1898 640 Perisho, T. Allen, Luther Illinois 1811 S8 Apr. 11, 1898 663 Pearson, W. F., Oakdale Alabama 1882 1 Apr. 29, 1898 672 112 Territorial Board of Health.

zl

s Name Post Office Nativity c ci o o.= ; U o Z Powers, Win. A., Calumet Missouri 1398 63 Sept 714 Pullen, Albert J., Brattl^boro Vermont 1898 124 Jan. 1899. 762 Potterf, Albert A., Blackwell Ohio .1899 65 Feb. 1899. 778 Peter, Franklin A., Oklahoma City.Missouri .189J 60 July Potter, J. S., Wright Missouri .1877 66 Aug. 7, 1899 879 Painter, Joseph M., Stillwater Iowa .18.99 60 Oct. 23, 1899 923 Pierce, Roscoe P., Okla. City Ruskin .1895 40 Nov. 27, 1899 947 Post, Chas., Ripley Missouri 1895 324 Feb. 23, 1900 109! Parker, F. L., Noble .Kentucky 1909 60 Apr. 25, 1900 1010 Pope, Sampson, Ponca City S. Carolina .... 18.3S 111 May 26, 1900 10 9 Proud, Wm. C, Enid Missouri 1396 35 June 28, 1900 1099 Pettitt, Marshal, Pratt Indiana W9 Aug. 24, 1900 1099 Postell, J. M., Oklahoma Indiana .1894 53 Oct. 25, 1900. ... 113. Phelan, J. R., Oklahoma Missouri .1898 61 Nov. 7, 1900. ... 1149 Pearson, R. B., Bonaparte Massachusetts .1876 36 Nov. 30, 1900 1153

Qumby, Fred, Stillwater Maine 1875 65 Feb. 23, 1893 202 Quinn, L. B., Burnet Mississippi 1S91 Jf-2 Aug. 11, 1893 260

Ryan, Jas. A., Oklahoma C!ty A'abama 3337 43 Aug. 1, 1891 33 Rolater, J. Brown, Okla. City Alabama 1--14 li2 Aug. 1, 1891 54 Roseberger, P. A., Okla. City Virginia 1859 65 Aug. 1,1891 57 Rector, N., Hennessey ^^^ '877 1?1, Rand, Warren H., Kingfisher Michigan ... ..1877 55 sept. 14, 1891 92 Ruhl, J. E., Downs Pennsylvania ..1854 101 Sept. 30, 1891 94 Roberts, John W., Stillwater Georgia ..1891 10 Feb. 28, 1893 203 Reynolds, R. D., Cloud Chief Tennessee ... 1891 119 Mar. 18, 1893 223 Read, J. W., Flynn 1892 73 Aug. 8, 1893 259 Raizon, Jas., Enid France 1891 15 Sept. 19 1893 270 Reed, Gilbert Michigan 1878 19 Nov. 17,' 1S93 286 Reneker, Geo. W., Enid Iowa 1893 70 Oct. 13,' 1893 2 0 Rogers, Robt. C, Homestead Indiana "... 40 Nov. 16, 1893...] 300 Rupp, W. H., Gu'.pk Illinois 1885 36 Nov. 26, 1894... 443 Rose, Jas. Nelson, Perry Kentucky 1886 119 Feb. 19. 1894 ] 31s Richardson, D. P., Union Missouri 1894 41 Apr. 20, 1894 ]]] 364 Reynolds, Jos. P., Cloud Chief Alabama 1891 119 July 10, 1894....]]]] 410 Robertson, J. F., Caldwell Ohio 1877 56 July 14, 1894 411 Robertson, R. L., Okla. City Virginia 1882 1J5 Sept. 27, 1895 4S8 Renfrow, I. Frank, Shawnee Missouri 1S93 59 July 1, 1S96 526 Reeding, Henry C, Navajoe Arkansas 1834 78 July 29, 1896..]]]]]]]] 527 Russell, U. L., Oklahoma City Missouri 1872 59 Feb. 25, 1897...... 560 Rawls, Sam P., Lock Mississippi 1872 47 May 5, 1897 ].]] 575 Ridley, Robt. C, Dale Tennessee 1885 122 Oct. 21, 1897.]]]]]]]]] 613 Robinson, Frank D., Cloud Chief... Arkansas 1892 ft Nov. 19, 1897.]]]]]] 623 Roe, Maurice P., Caney Illinois 1873 18 Fet>. 26 1898 654 Roberts, S. F., El Reno Iowa 1893 42 Dec. 15] I897]]]]]]]] 629 Reobert, Jos. H., Medford Virginia 1897 334 May is] 1898.].. ]]]]]] 678 Rentz, E. B., Lamont Pennsylvania 1870 113 July 23, 1898 697 Robertson, Wm. A., Ponca City Canada 1896 138 Nov. 1, 1898!!!!!!!! 723 Reiser, Geo. F., Langston Germany 1898 59 Nov. 25, 1898 !. 741 Robinson, O. T., Colony Georgia 1892 73 Dec. 31, 1898 753 Rathburn, E. D., Independence Missouri 1889 70 Jan. 16, 1898 7(3 Rumbley, Jas. C, Keokuk Arkansas 189'i 121 Feb. 14, 1899 779 Roby, Thos. A., Gage Kentucky 1834 3)2 Feb. 23, 1899 782 Roush, Azra J., Highland Towa 1899 76 Apr! 5, 1899 802 Rees, Harry A., Stillwater Kansas 1336 62 May 2! 1899 814 Territorial Board of Health. 113

4 "f . 3 «^^ 1 Nam* Post Office Nativity 2 -3*- u O O = — I o I ill Q o e Rutherford, W. S., Ponca City Missouri 1896 63 May s, 1899. Z Riley, Leander A., Okla. City Indiana 1898 40 June 2, 1899. 816 Reck, John A., Oklahoma City Missouri 1893 f2 June 14, 1899.. 841 Rungan, John R-, Johnson Tennessee 1897 59 July 7 ,1899.. 846 Roberts, Darwin H., El Reno Vermont 1867 131 July 10, 1899.. 862 Rucker, Chas. W., Kansas City....Missouri 1893 61 July 22, 1899. 866 Rutledge, C. F., Alva Iowa 1895 36 Aug. 19, 1899., 872 Rea, Delta D., Kansas City Indiana 1891 42 Sept. 7, 1899., 885 Romine, Jas. P., Calumet Nebraska 1897 82 Oct. 23, 1899., 899 Randall, Thos. J., Ok.ahom-> City..Illinois 1899 74 Oct. 23, 1899.. 825 Ralston, J. O., Oklahoma Cuy Ohio 1896 62 Nov. 15, 1899., 827 Raceu, Floyd H., Woodward Ohio 1891 105 Mar. 1900. 944 Ruhl, Arthur M., Edmond llinols 1900 75 Apr. 1900. 1022 Ruchan, V., Yukon./ Austria 1900 72 Apr. 1900.. 1029 Richards, C. H., Cleo Michigan 1897 22 Apr. 1900.. 1030 Reeder, Chas., Tulsa Iowa 1897 61 May 1900. 1035 Rogers, Patrick, Oklahoma City....W. Virginia 1894 42 Aug. 1900. 1070 Roland, C. L., Shawnee Missouri 1895 84 Oct. 1900. 1103 Richardson, G. M., Kiowa Kentucky 1884 43 Nov. 30, 1900., 1137 Ramaley, L. G., Wichita Pennsylvania 1882 79 Dec. 1900. 1159 Robillard, S. W., Oklahoma Canada 1889 55 Dec. 1900. 1172 Ruhl, N. B., Edmond Ohio 1896 75 Dec. 1900. 1174 1182 Shive, Joseph R., Kingfisher Kentucky 1880 121 June 7, 1891 3 Smith, Chas., Guthrie Missouri 1879 59 July 31, 1891. 10 Smith, Henry L., Guthrie Pennsylvania 1878 106 July 3, 189 16 Smart, Frances M., Guthrie Ohio 1884 18 July 3, 189 17 Smith, Hila W., Gulhne Pennsylvania 1886 116 July 3, 189: 19 Stevens, David, Guthrie... Iowa 1880 33 Sept 17, 189: 72 Sandercook, J. O., El Reno England 1870 151 Aug, 12, 189: 71 St. Clair, Joseph, Stillwater New Jersey 1868 103 Aug. 24, 189: 83 Sanders, Geo. W., S'illwater Keentucky 1854 45 Aug. 24, 189: S4 Stiles, Oscarem, Downs 1876 112 Sept. 16, 189: 93 Stead, J. Milton, Purcell '-."ansas 1887 102 Sept. 21, 189 95 Smith, Geo. S., W. Virginia 1891 73 Sept. 25, 189 100 Stahl, M. S., Guthrie Pennsylvania 1865 15 Dec. 16, 189: 115 Shaffer, Howard, Chandler Ohio 1891 .42 Dec. 31, 189! 117 Selph, Duncan H., Ingalls Tennessee 1891 121 Jan. 4, 1892. 124 Shirley, Edward L., Yukon Kentucky 1887 60 Jan. 28, 1892, 134 Snow, Wm. H., Norman Tennessee 1880 46 Mar 17, 1892, 141 Shuford, C. F., Tecumseh 1881 59 Apr. 1892, 144 Selway, Walter W., Guthrie Missouri 1891 59 July 27, 1892 150 Spitler, J. B., Thurston Ohio 1877 36 June 17, 1892 163 Share, A. L., Kingfisher New York 1892 56 June 29, 1892 165 Shepherd, S. M., El Reno Ohio 1883 96 July 25, 1892. 174 Smith, I. G., Oklahoma City New York ...1863 85 Aug. 11, 1892 177 Smith, A. B., Johnson Mississippi ..1884 41 Sept. 8, 1892 181 Still, J. M., Noble Texas ...1892 62 Oct. 28, 1892 190 Skeleton, C. N., Orlando New York . ..1882 66 Feb. 28, 1893 198 Shive, Wilson, Oklahoma City Kentucky . ...1892 64 Apr. 10, 1893 218 Shaul, M Indiana ...1883 42 Apr. 8, 227 Stevens, W. M. W., Cordell Pennsylvania 18S2 72 May 27, 1893. 234 Sherberne, Albert M., Sac & Fox..New Hampshire .1881 70 June 23, 1893. 233 Shiner, Chester S., El Reno New York 1883 88 June 16. 1883., 244 Singleton, L. H., Mathewson Tennessee .... !.!.1880 40 June 17, 1893. 245 Sharp, E. G., Orlando 1S91 l»l June 28, 250 Simouton, A. H., Oklahoma City..Maine ...... 1893 97 Sept. 21, 254 114 Territorial Board of Health.

S £% S

t: t Nam* Port Office Nativity CI S O U ts II 0 o s 111 CI 1 £ Southard, Robt. W., Perry., Tennessee 3878 19 Q Z Smith, C. E. E., Enid Kentucky 1893 41 Nov. 16, 1S93 2T4 Scott, Sam F., Hennessey Texas 1886 70 Oct. 4, 1893 288 Smith, J. H., Tecumseh 1883 107 Nov. 3, 1893 294 Settle, Jas. Albert, Yukon 1893 74 Nov. 2S, 1893 303 Simon, Emil, Oklahoma City Germany 1890 146 Dec. 18, 1893 310 Stones, H. Halleck, Perry Missouri 1885 69 Jan. 31, 1894 313 Shepherd, S. J., Guthrie Indiana 1879 27 Jan. 31, 1894 334 Schneider, Jacob, Shelby Russia 1864 149 Feb. 14. 1894 341 Skinner, Henry S., Tecumseh Illinois 1883 22 Mar. 6, 1894 355 Spiers, Wm. W., Stillwater Indiana 1867 55 Apr. 27, 1894 369 Smith, H. Watson, Oklahoma City.Pennsylvania 1870 15 May 3, 1894 370 Sayles, Marcus A., Ingram Ohio 1886 58 May 4, 1894 371 Sombart, Johannen, El Reno Missouri 1881 112 May 21, 1894 385 Sutton, G. W., Cleveland Indiana 1867 97 July 25, 1S94 413 Scott, John H., Norman Illinois 1894 42 Aug. 30, 1894 419 Smith, Malcolm, Cleo Ontario 1892 56 Aug. 10, 1894 418 Stack, Thos. Edward, Arlington — Ireland 1876 145 Feb. 8, 1895 457 Shurtleff, Fred C, Okla. City Massachusetts ....1891 90 July 30, 1895 475 Sexton, Chas. Virgil, Homestead—Illinois 1894 42 July 16, 1895 477 Simes, John F., Rock Falls Indiana 1882 42 July 19, 1895 478 Skeleton, P. D., Samsville Mississippi 1869 113 Aug. 29, 1895 484 Steinberger, Horace G, Pawnee Indiana 1882 78 Oct. 17, 1895 492 Nov. IS, 1895 499 Searles, Frank R., Guthrie ...... New Jersey\,Z[lm 90 Mar. 17, 1896 514 Skeleton, L. Sherman, Blackwell... [na,jana ls99 101 Apr. 3, 1896 616 Saffold, Benj. W., Manchester Mississippi'".'..!!!!l892 122 Apr. 16, 1896 617 Sutton, John C, Sac & Fox Lincoln 1878 87 Stith, Samuel, Shawnee Knteucky 1894 Apr. 30, 1896 521 42 Aug. 19, 1896 535 Staskweather, F. C, Okla. City.... Massachusetts ...1887 117 Sapero, K. C, Perry Russia 1894 Dec. 31, 1896 655 41 Dec. 22, 1897 632 Standiger, Thos. E., Cheyenne Texas 1889 41 Stillman, C. C, Morrison Kansas 1897 June 24, 1897 590 38 Aug. 27, 1897 598 Seiffert, John H., Oklahoma City..Pennsylvania 1895 15 Sept. 16, 1897 604 Smith, Andrew J., Ponca City Illinois 1897 38 Oct. 29, 1897 617 Steele, Corwin Jas., Chandler New York 1888 15 Sept. 18, 1897 605 Sabin, Aimer Lee, Newkirk Illinois 1891 22 Nov. 19, 1897 626 Smith, Wm. J., Cloud Chief Louisiana 1888 2 Feb. 7, 1898 643 Storral, John D., Quartz Mississippi Feb. 17, 1898 651 Schenck, Walter, Ponca City Ohio 1880 77 Mar. 4, 1898 656 Smith, Ralph V., Guthrie Pennsylvania 1898 59 Apr. 7, 1898 662 Sharpless, J. M., Perkins Ohio 1879 36 May 10, 1898 674 Schubert, Oscar F., Okla. City Virginia 1898 122 May 21, 1898 679 Sanders, John S., Geary Kansas 1891 119 June 8, 1898 684 Smith, S. J., Warren Arkansas 1890 June 21, 1898 6S7 Stafford, G. A., Ralston Indiana 1898 74 Sept. 1, 1898 70S Smith, John Wm., Reninis Kentucky 1889 40 Sept. 22, 1898 717 Smallwood, P. C, Edwardville I-Centucky 1873 41 Oct. 12, 1898 721 Sayler, Harley L., Guthrie Illinois 1898 33% Oct. 21, 1898 724 Sparrenberger, Frederick, Guthrie..iowa 1898 124 Nov. 7, 1898 735 Salmon, W. T., Oklahoma City Tennessee 1892 121 Nov. 19, 1898 739 Sherman, Geo. H., Guthrie Missouri 1891 112 Dec. 22, 1898 753 Stone, De Witt, Wood Texas 1897 46 Dec. 31, 1898 754 Spurgeon, Thos. F., Cinnamon Missouri . 1897 61 Jan. 3, 1899 767 Smith, L. T., Lexington Texas .... 1897 41 Jan. 21, 1899 766 Sornesw, A. A., Newkirk Minnesota 1894 37 Mar. 3, 1899 786 Severs, C. T., Pawnee Iowa 1886 36 Mar. 3, 1899 787 Sutton, Fred R., Pawnee Kansas .. 1898 74 Mar. 8, 1899 791 Stone, Ira G, Oklahoma City. .Iowa 1890 15 Apr. 10, 1899 805 Territorial Board of Health. 115

1 5i° '-g S -S"» S Name Post Office Nativity 0 = 23 O -*- Iz *«"J 11 o '••2'E o i- £•« V 8 sis * Story, Frank W., Moral Alabama 188;*9 at13* May Q29 , 1899 832 Sewell, N„ Orchard Georgia 1881 13 May 23, 1899 827 Shoemaker, F., Ft. Sill Columbia 1891 7% May 29, 1899 833 Smith, Leo. J., Harper New York 1886 74 June 23, 1899 849 Sager, C. F., Blackwell Ohio 1884 106 July 15, 1899 867 Sanger, Paul, Yukon Arkansas 1899 128 July 15, 1899 868 Sulzbacker, Carl, Kansas City Mexico 1899 74 Aug. 19, 1899 886 Sneed, Wm. D., Eldorado Tennessee 1883 120 Aug. 10, 1899 882 Stickley, Harry, Guthrie Brunswick 1868 114 Sept. 5, 1899 897 Sanger, Eugene W., Woodward Maine 1882 19 Oct. 10, 1899 918 Strong, Gudd A., Greer Indiana 1892 26 Oct. 23, 1899 923 Shirley, Jas. W., Hennessey Illinois 1881 19 Nov. 13, 1899 936 Sweet, A. B., Ponca City Wisconsin 1888 20 Nov. 15, 1899 937 Southard, Ben1. H., Perry Ontario 1886 104 Nov. 29, 1899 950 Snow, George \v\, Manchester Tennessee 1883 79 Dec. 1, 1899 952 Sippy, B. F., Ponca City Illinois 1884 60 Jan. 15, 1900 975 Swimley, Chas. L., Blackwell Ohio 1895 105 Jan. 4, 1900 977 Steward, C. A., Norman Texas 1896 61 Jan. 26, 1900 985 Skeleton, H. A., Page Indiana 1891 37 Jan. 27, 1900 986 Sturgis, Wylie E., Guthrie Missouri 1897 73 Feb. 1, 1900 989 Smith, Eugene, Seger England 1899 1 Feb. 22, 1900 999 Stanley, Wm., Tyro England 1894 99 Feb. 26, 1900 1005 Sager, Henry, Manon Ohio 1892 ... Mar. 22, 1900 1019 Stanfleld, Robeil, Norman N. Carolina 1898 119 Apr. 4, 1900 1026 Stiles, Nelson, Medford Pennsylvania 1882 50 Apr. 4, 1900 1027 SaMerfield, Rubun, Okla. City Kentucky 1900 120 May 1, 1900 1047 Stewart, Fred G, Britton Missouri 1900 61 May 5, 1900 1052 Spoon, Wm. S., Shawnee Ohio ...1890 119 May 8, 1900 1057 Spain, Thos., Stillwater Iowa 1900 22 May 18, 1900 1063 Skinner, Burry, Stillwater Kansas 1896 73 June 20, 1900 1083 Strickland, L. E., Indiana 1893 42 July 6, 1900 1093 Smith, Thos. W., Oklahoma City..Illinois .... 1900 43 Sept. 5, 1900 1110 Stradley, D. Pry, Independence Indiana 1899 3 Sept. 8, 1900 1113 Smith, S. A., Mangum Indiana 1884 42 Oct. 25, 1900 1140 Stewart, B. F., Bonaparte Iowa 1900 36 Nov. 20, 1900 1157 Slvan, E. U., Kingfisher Missouri 1896 59 Mar. 24, 1900 1166 Shimp, A. J., Kansas City New Jersey 1888 112 Dec. 21, 1900 1180 T. Tribble, E., Guthrie Kentucky 1883 121 July 31, 1891 24 Thompson, Wm. R., Okla. City Alabama 1887 50 Aug. 1, 1891 53 Tandy, T. B., Kingfisher Kentucky 1876 41 Sept. 24, 1891 99 Travis, Kelley W., Keokuk Falls... Missouri 1879 66 Apr. 22, 1892 157 Thneilkill, M. R., Kingfisher Missouri 1884 70 June 29, 1892 166 Turner, W. A., Guthrie New York 59 Feb. 2, 1893 191 Taft, O. Davis, Clarkson Ohio 1873 34 Mar. 17, 1893 215 Thomas, E. R., Clarkson Mississippi 1893 41 May 15, 1893 214 Townsend, Alfred M., Marshall Missouri 1893 72 June 23, 1893 248 Town, Herbert S.. Perry Dis. Columbia ...1893 6 Sept. 27, 1893 265 Tanner, Wm., Guthrie Kentucky 1883 60 Nov. 18, 1893 275 Thacker, Robt. E., Lexington 1893 40 Nov. 25, 1893 302 Taylor, C. B., Ponca City Missouri 1895 59 Jan. 11, 1894 326 Tackett, W. B., Johnson Alabama 1849 40 Jan. 25] 1894!!!!!!!!!! 329 Torrance, John M., McKin'.ey Indiana 1881 40 Feb. 9, 1894 338 Taylor, Chas. E. G., Perry Canada 1874 137 Feb. 13, 1894 344 Tiffany, Chas. Wm., Okla. City Pennsylvania 1881 87 July 19, 1894 412 Teller, Robt. R., Arkansas City....Canada 1881 139 Aug. 10, 1895 480 Toping, Mores H., Oklahoma City .Indiana 1896 41 May 28, 1896 522 116 Territorial Board of Health.

•a •s='-' Name Poet Office Nativity 5 u

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d "S o •= rf 3* •£• •o s^ 9 Name Post Office Nativity (5 !iS '5

Z Walker, Judd D., Perry Georgia 1886 12 Nov. 23, 1893.'. 237 Williams, C, Arapahoe Missouri 1873 59 Oct. 2, 1893 282 Williamson, John A., Tecumseh—Tennessee 1886 96 Nov. 8, 1893 284 Williams, Sam F., Enid Illinois 1893 27 Nov. 6, 1893 298 Williamson, Jas. A., Pond Creek..Kansas 1892 66 Dec. 21, 1893 321 Williamson, Thos. C, Brown Alabama 1850 40 Dec. 13, 1893 306 Williams, Chas. E., Norman Indiana 1891 101 Apr. 20, 1894 365 Widney, Geo. B., New Ponca Virginia 1894 59 May 12, 1894 381 Workeman, J. M., Woodward Missouri 1879 59 June 7, 1894 398 Wallace, J. S., Hawley Iowa 1889 70 June 25, 1894 403 Waters, G. A., Cleveland Kansas 1892 2 July 31, 1894 415 Willard, Jacob F., Lamont Indiana 1885 101 Aug. 6, 1894 416 Welch, W. C, Norman 1881 130 Mar. 30, 1894 316 Webber, Ambrose B., Pawnee Arkansas 1890 72 Jan. 27, 1894 318 Williams, D. S., Oklahoma City..N. Carolina 1858 121 Nov, 14, 1894 439 Warner, Chas. H., El Reno Iowa 1891 40 Dec. 16, 1894 446 Wilson, Dalton, Guthrie Indiana 1894 27 Nov. 26, 1895 501 30, Wofferman, A. G, Norman Wisconsin 1895 30 July 1896 530 8, Wilson, H. H.. Avoca Kentucky 1890 128 Aug. 27, 1896 532 Whitney, Walter, Guthrie Maine 1872 6 Nov. 12, 1896 55J Williams, Will T., Guthrie Tennessee 1892 122 May 20, 1897 580 Walker, J. A., Burnett Texas 1897 60 May 27, 1897 C83 Warner, John W., Newkirk Illinois 1897 77 May 2, 1897 T86 Wheat, Geo. W., Medford Ohio i 1897 65 July 27, 1897 F91 White, Geo. N., Wright Missouri 1884 101 Aug. 12, 1897 599 Wilson, D. E., Hess Arkansas • • • Nov. 31, 1897 619 Wiley, T. S., El Dorado Alabama 1894 ... Dec. 31, 1897 630 Weiel, Joseph N., Enid Barvaria 1871 144 Jan. 2, 1898 635 Willey, Albert N., Shawnee Tennessee 1881 122 Mar. 4, 1898 655 Wingfield, W. C, Shawnee Arkansas ... 1878 r 42 Mar. 16, 1898 657 W ebb, Elihu M., Chillicothe Tennessee .. 1881 122 Mar. 28, 1898 676 Wilson, Henry B., Shawnee Pennsylvania 1887 86 May 7, 1898 681 Watchel, J. Burton, Geary ..Kansas 1898 63 June 1898 683 Williams, J. J., Auxier Missouri 1893 22 June 27 1898 690 Watson, Chas. V, Guthrie New York 1850 132 July 5, 1898 693 Wilkins, R. D., Oklahoma City....Ohio 1871 60 July 7, 1898 694 Walsh, Edward J., Oklahoma City.Illinois 1891 15 Sept 23, 1898 716 Winn, Wm. Lee, Perry Missouri 1894 61 Oct. 18, 1898 722 Williams, Lucus R., Guthrie Illinois 1875 15 Nov. 5. 1898 732 Wilber, Newton H New York 1879 87 Dec. 31, 1898 757 West, Archa R., Oklahoma City... Mississippi 1894 119 Jan. 1899 760 Wycough, Wm. E., Sacred Heart..Arkansas 1892 2 Jan. 21, 1899 .... 765 Wayne, Henry H., El Reno Pennsylvania 1880 85 Mar. 1899 790 Williams, J. M., Piano Arkansas 1884 122 Mar. 14, 1899 794 Wilson, J. H., Cloud Chief Mississippi 1871 46 Mar. 21, 1899 795 Watson, Bruce, Perry Kentucky 1897 61 Mar, 21, 1899 797 Willard, Alfred J., Waynoka Michigan 1879 131 Mar. 23, 1899 826 Wilinath, Fred A., Helen, Massachusetts 1888 54 May 23, 1899 829 White, Plato M., Los Ange'es Iowa 1882 97 May 23, 1899 830 Workman, Ralph A., Wood ward... Indiana 1899 60 May 29, 1899 835 Wilson, William R., Sabetha Mississippi 1894 41 July 1. 1899... 3 858 Wolff, L. G., Waukomis Missouri 1899 59 July 10, 1899 863 Wolff, Eugene J., Enid Missouri 1894 59 July 10, 1899 864 Watson, J. B., Edmond Kentucky 1898 61 Aug. 3, 1899 876 Wood, Frank, Otoe Indiana 1897 15 Aug. 3, 1899 878 Whltacre, John, Persimmon...» Iowa 1897 34 Aug. 1, 1899 895 Williams, Noah, Williard Kentucky 1899 42 Aug. 7, 1899 880 Walter, Lyman P.; Oklahoma Ohio 1881 105 Sept. 13 1899 90J 118 Territorial Board of Health.

lit •51 S Name Post Offica Nativity B -»• ct U o

Weaver, Larkin W., Oklahoma Arkansas 1889 46 Sept. 18, 1899 905 Williams, Cornelius H., Ashland....Kentucky 1889 42 Sept. 19, 1599 904 Wilder, Henry L., Francis Texas 1899 129 Sept. 19, 1899 905 Williams, R. W., Howell Missouri 1899 74 Sept. 21, 1899 9o3 Wishard, Somuel G., Watonga Ohio 1874 111 Sept. 21, 1899 907 Wright, Geo. E., Alva Illinois 1886 73 Sept. 21, 1899 910 Walter, Lyman P., Chicago Ohio 1881 105 Nov. 10, 1899 932 Woods, John S., El Reno Pennsylvania .. ..1881 110 Nov. 13, 1899 935 Wann, J. B., Dixie Missouri 1883 73 Dec. 19, 189i> 962 Williams, Frank P. West Superior. Missouri 1885 69 Jan. 20, 1900 983 Webb, Abner L., Box Tennessee 1884 2 Feb. 17, 1900 997 Winn, Chester A., Oklahoma Illinois 1889 13 Mar. 10, 1900 1013 Weatherford, L. H., Shawnee Kentucky 1882 41 Apr. 16, 1900 1032 Wilklns, Archie, Ceres Kansas 1900 74 Apr. 16, 1900 1033 Webber, John C, Perth Iowa 1889 36 May 4, 1900 104S Wiley, Geo. W., Eldorado Alabama ...'. ....1900 128 May 7, 1900 1055 Willholte, W. F., Corbin Illinois 1883 32 May 18, 1900 1054 White, Earnest E., El Reno Missouri 1898 72 July 17, 1900 1096 Woods, I. M., Roscoe w. Virginia 1892 74 July 23, 1900 1102 Whitefield, Henry A., Shawnee Canada 1873 19 Sept. 6, 1900 1112 Williams, H. Marion, Cushing Kansas 1900 74 Sept. 12, 1900 1118 Wall, A. Gregory, Oklahoma City..Illinois 1886 64 Sept. 18, 1900 1122 Wilcox, H. R.. Enid New York 1858 55 Nov. 19, 1900 1153 Wanock, H. R., Brown Mississippi 1890 41 Dee. 4, 1900 1163 Y. Young, A. H., Okeene Ohio 1888 33% Aug. 24, 1900 1103 Toung, A. D., Downs Illinois 1895 61 Nov. 19, 1900 1155 Young, J. A., Bonaparte Illinois 1894 36 Nov. 30, 1900 1153 RECORD OF PHYSICIANS REGISTERED BY EXAMINATION.

PHYSICIAN AND POSTOFFICE Certificate Certificate Major, Olive A., Norman July 31, 1891 1 Hardin, S. I., Guthrie July 31, 1891 2 Cannon, J. S., Norman Aug:. 1, 1891 3 Wood, H. B., Oklahoma City Aug. 1, 1891 3 Stansbury, L., Oklahoma City Aug. 1, 1891 4 Bright, J. A., Kingfisher Aug. 3, 1891 6 Ballard, J. D., Segar Sept. 7, 1891 7 Munger, George D., Okla. City Aug. 22, 1891 8 Stone, Lewis J., El Reno Aug. 22, 1891 9 Chesney, S. O., Denver Aug. 22, 1891 10 Llnley, James R., Beaver Aug. 22, 1891 11 Crismond, John W., Guthrie Sept. 3, 1891 12 Lawhead, H. W., Crescent City .. Sept. 3, 1891 13 Partridge, George R., Guthrie Sept. 12, 1891 14 Smith, J. R., El Reno Aug. 24, 1891 15 Hendrichson, C. R., Yukon Aug. 11, 1891 16 McCathron, J. G., Guthrie Oct. 30, 1891 17 Dillard, J. W., O. D. F., Stillwater.. Nov. 14, 1891 18 Thurman, Jas. H., Chadick Dec. 16, 1891 22 Lawter, Robert D., Norman Dec. 29, 1891 23 Comp, J. W., Edmond Dec. 31, 1891 24 Dean, Charles A., Oklahoma City.. JuIy 25, 1892 19 Sprague, A. M., Snyder ju]y 25, 1892 Powell, Theodore, El Reno July 25 1892 20 Wolcott, A. J. T., Guthrie July ^ 1892!!!!!;!!;; 25 Ruhl, Noah B., Seward Mar. 17, 1S92 26 Bass, Calvin, Clayton Mar 16 1892

Satterfleld. T. B„ Okla City Mar.'16,' 1893.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. .'.'.'. M°N/tf' w°- ^!fumseh Mar. 16, 1893 Yondell, Wm., Kings NQy g_ 1893 ^ Wood, J. A Nov g lg93 Hickman, H. S., Lacy Noy 8_ lg93 36 Dean, H. R., Oklahoma City Nov g i893 33 Hooe, I. A.. Perry Noy ' g' m^'_'''[['[ 34 Armstrong, G. B., North Enid June 15, 1891 31 Martin, D. D. Newkirk May 10, 1894 37 Bacon, C. W., Pawnee May 10. 1894 38 Hanenklatt, P. J Aug. 16, 1894 40 Owsley, W. H., Lexington Nov. 16. 1894 41 Morphis, T. B., Blackburn May. 23, 1895 42 Butts, A. J.. Driftwood May 23, 1895 43 Hollingsworth, J. T., South Haden. May 23, 1895 44 Mills, J., Norman Sept. 13, 1895 45 Harris, Wm. R., McLoud April 17, 1896 46 Kirkpatrick, R. F., Harperville Nov. 5, 1896 47 lies, Harry C, Arlington Nov. 13, 1896 48 Weedn, L., Burnett Dec. 29, 1896 49 Ellis, Frank G., Perry 1896 51 Dunn, Joseph B.. Ralston Oct. 30, 1897 62 Carskadden, R. H., Sac & Fox May 18, 1897 50 Evans, William A., Oklahoma City. Nov. 4, 1897 53 Greene. Charles H., Okla. City Nov. 18. 1897 54 Stilwell, C. F., Edmund Nov. 18, 1897 55 120 Territorial Board of Health.

PHYSICIANS AND POSTOFFICE c^Xale Certificate Reeder, Philander, Slnnett Nov. 26, 1897 56 Higgins, Robert W., Okla. City Dec. 14, 1S97 57 Sanger, S. S., Yukon Feb. 15, 1898 58 Sampson, A. S., Earlboro Fbe. 15, 1898 59 Beam, R. F., Bellemont April 1, 1898 60 Akers, J. P., Lacy April 1, 1898 61 Hill, W. R., Mulhall : April 1, 1898 62 Ingram, Alex., Salem.. April 1, 1898 63 Bartle, Ira B.^Augusta^ May 5, 1898 64 Black, Walter"E., AltuiT May 5, 1898 65 Speere, Granville, Taloga May 5, 1898 66 O'Conner, Andrew, Arcadia May 27, 1898 67 McQuaid, J. M., Seger Aug. 25, 1898 68 McRee, P. W., Mangum Aug. 25, 1898 69 Hall, James, Tecumseh Aug. 25, 1898 70 Garde, Gerhardt, Glenella Sept 8 1898 71 Stutsman. Nicholas, Okla. City April 1, 1899 "" Meloy, J. C, Oklahoma City April 10,' 1899 73 McElhinney, Sam'l A., Chandler .. Mar. 31, 1899 74 Grove, B. E., Blackwell Mar. 31, 1899 75 Specht, Carl W. J., Rusk June 1, 1899 76 Jones, Paul J., Maharg June 1, 1899 77 Watson, J. A., Shawnee June 14, 1899 78 Seuft, Earnest L. Jennings June 13, 1899 79 Foyil, W. R., Remus June 15, 1899 80 Hendricks, N. B., Yukon June 15 ,1899 81 Royston, J. H., Wanette June 15, 1899 82 Laird, Henry C, Chandler June 29, 1899 83 Meredith, James S., Coralea Aug. 19, 1899 84 Hancock, William J., Cordell Oct. 2, 1899 87 Haynes, Charles S., Redford Oct. 12, 1899 85 Ransom, L. Stout, Wilcox Feb. 15, 1899 86 Rineheart, James H., Evansville... Mar. 21, 1900 87 Bryant, F. V., Hammon Mar. 21, 1900 88 Tharp, John W. A., Rocky Mar. 21, 1900 89 Standifer, John E., Cheyenne April 29, 1900 90 Kerfoot, Clitus, Dent May 21, 1900 91 Sternberg, W. A., Des Moines May 19, 1900 92 Whittenberg, Claten W., Morrison.. June 25, 1900 93 Dunn, George L., Pawhuska Sept. 18, 1900 94 Leatherock, R. E., Morehead Oct. 18, 1900 95 Short. P. A., Shawnee Oct. 18, 1900 96 Disinfectant and Disinfection.

The following valuable notes are token largeiy from tbe Tomb Prize Essay as revised by the author Doctor Geo M. Sternberg, L. L. D. Surgeon-General, United States Army. A disinfectant is an agent capable of destroying the infective power of infectious material. The object of disinfection is to prevent the extension of infec­ tious diseases by destroying the specific infectious material which gives rise to them. This is accomplished by the use of disinfectants. There can be no partial disinfection of such material; either its infecting power is destroyed, or it is not. The popular use of the term has led to much misapprehension, and the agents which have been found to destroy bad odors—deodori­ zers,—or to arrest puterefactive decomposition—antiseptics—have been confidently recommended and extensively used for the destruc­ tion of disease germs in the excreta of patients with cholera, typhoid fever, etc. The injurious consequences which are likely to result from such misapprehension and misuse of the word disinfectant will be ap­ preciated when it is known that recent researches have demonstrated that many of the agents which have been found useful as deodorizers, or as antiseptics are entirely without value for the destruction of dis­ ease ferms. This is true, for example, as regards the sulphate of iron or copperas, a salt which has been extensively used with the idea that it is a valuable disinfectant. As a matter of fact, sulphate of iron in saturated solution does not destroy the vitality of disease germs, or the infecting power of material containing them. This salt is, nevertheless, a very valuable antiseptic, and its low price makes it one of the most available agents for the arrest of putrefactive de­ composition in privy vaults, etc. While an antiseptic agent is not necessarily a disinfectant, all disinfectants are antiseptics. Disinfection:—It will be our aim in the present chapter to give reliable practical directions with reference to the use of disinfectants, and the best methods of disinfection; keeping this object in view, 122 Territorial Board of Health. we shall recommend for disinfecting purposes only those agents named in the following list: 1. Fire. 2. Boiling water. 3. Formaldehyd gas. 4. Chloride of lime (in solution.) 5. Mercuric chloride (in solution.) 6. Carbolic acid (5 per cent solution.) 7. Caustic lime (quicklime.) 8. Sulphur dioxid. 9. Copper sulphate (in solution.) All of these agents, properly used, are effective for the des­ truction of the "germs" of the following named diseases; Tubercu­ losis, diphtheria, typhoid fever, yellow fever, cholera, small-pox, measles, pneumonia, epidemic influenza, erysipelas, hog cholera, chicken cholera, swine plague, infectious pleuropneumonia of cat­ tle, (and, in general, of all infectious diseases in which the specific germ foes not form spores. 1. Fire: This method of disinfection is always to be recom- mended,when practicable or consistant with a due regard for economy and jthe rights of individuals. As a rule, articles of little value, which have been soiled with the infectious material, had beFter be burned; and this is especially true of old clothing and bedding. But we have other efficient methods of disinfection, which make it un necessary to sacrifice articles of value except under unusual circum­ stances. 2. Boiling: In the absence of spores, bacteria are quickly killed at a temperature considerably below the boiling point of water, and it is safe to say that boiling for half an hour will destroy all known disease germs, including the spores of anthrax, which have less re­ sisting power than the spores of certain harmless and widely distri­ buted bacilli, which have been found to resist boiling for several hours. 3. Formaldehyd Gas: This gas is now largely used for the disinfection of clothing, hospital wards, etc., as a substitute for steam or sulphur dioxid. But like these agents its action is superficial and it cannot be depended upon for the disinfection of mattresses, pil lows, rolls of clothing or bedding, etc. As is the case with chlorint and sulphur dioxid its germical power is increased by the presence of moisture, and by a high temperature. By means of a vacuum cham­ ber in which the articles to be disinfected can be placed and the air exhausted prior to the admission of the disinfectant, the necessary penetration can be secured for such articles when they are properly arranged. But the disinfection of clothing and bedding by these agents (steam, sulphur dioxid and formaldehyd,) calls for special Territorial Board of Health. 123

apparatus and the supervision of an expert in the practical use of such apparatus. Formaldehyd gas is irritating to the mucos mem brane of the eyes and nose, but it is not poisonous. In the absence of any apparatus satisfactory results have been obtained by the Department of Health of the city of Chicago, as fol­ lows: Ordinary bed sheets were employed to secure an adequate eva- poratory .surface, and these, suspended in the room, were simply sprayed with a 40 per cent solution of formalin through a common watering pot rose-head. A sheet of the usual size and quality will carry from 150 to 180 cc. of the solution without dripping, and this quantity has been found sufficient for the disinfection of 1,000 cubic feet of space. Of course, the sheets may be modified to any necessary number. Surface disinfection was thorough, while a much greater de­ gree of penetration was shown than that secured by any other method. We would remark, that in the absence of suitable applicances for disinfection, and in general when the disinfected articles are of little value, consumption by fire furnishes the readiest and safest method of disposing of such articles. 4. Chlodide of Lime (chlorinated lime, bleaching powder.) This is one of the cheapest and most efficient of disinfectants. It should be packed in air-tight and moist-proof receptacles,—glass preferable, —and should contain at least 25 per cent of available chlorine. It should be used in solution, which had better be made as required. An insoluble residue will be left, which may be removed by filtration or decantation. This however, is not at all necessary. Chlorinated lime owes its disinfecting power to the presence of the hypo-chlorite of lime, a salt which is freely soluble in water, and which is quickly decomposed by contact with organic matter. Germs of all kinds, including the most resistant spores, are des­ troyed by this solution, but it must be remembered that the dis infectant itself is quickly decomposed and destroyed by contact with organic matter, and that if this is present in excess, disinfection may not l>e accomplished, especially when the germs are embedded in masses of material which are left after the hypochlorite of lime has all been exhausted in the solution. 5. Mercuric Chloride (bichloride of mercury, corrosive subli­ mate.) This salt is well known as a deadly poison, which has long been used in domestic practice as a "bug poison." It has geimicide powers of the first order, and it is consequently a disinfectant which may be recommended for certain purposes, due regard being had to its poisonous nature, and to the fact that it is decomposed by contact ride. Its potency in dilute solutions (1:500 to 1:4000) makes it com­ paratively cheap, and the danger of accidental poisoning from such 124 Territorial Board of Health. with lead, tin, or copper and that lead pipes are soon rendered brittle and worthless by passing through them solutions of mercuric chlo­ ride. Its potency in dilute solutions (1:500 to 1:100) makes it com­ paratively cheap, and the danger of accidental poisoning from such dilute solutions is not very great. The concentrated solutions should be colored, as a precaution against accident for they have neither color nor ordor to reveal their deadly nature. It must be remembered, in using this and any other disinfecting solution, that the condition relating to the time of exposure to the action of the disinfecting agent is an important one. The experimen­ tal evidence relating to the germicide power of mecuric chloride shows that the time of exposure being two hours, this salt may be safely recommended for the destruction of pathogenic organisms in the absence of spores in the proportion of 1:2000, or even less, provid­ ed that the micro-organisms to be destroyed are fairly exposed to its action. 6. Carbolic Acid. The disinfecting power of carbolic acid has been fixed by experiments upon vaccine virus, and upon various path­ ogenic organisms. For excreta it is to be used in five per cent solution, and for clothing, etc., in two per cent solution. The experimental evidence upon record indicates that it may be relied upon in this proportion. 7. Caustic Lime (Quicklime) For the disinfection of excerta, in the sick room or in sinks, privy vaults, etc., freshly prepared "milk of lime" should be used, containing about one part, by weight, of hydrate of lime to eight parts of water. This should be used freely, —in quantity equal in amount to the material to be disinfected. The white-washing of exposed surfaces is a satisfactory method of dis- troying any disease germs which may have lodged upon such sur­ faces. 8. Sulphur Dioxid (sulphurous acid gas.) Fumigation with burning sulphur has long been a favorite method of disinfection. The experience of sanitarians is in favor of its use in yellow fever, smallpox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, and other diseases in which there is reason to believe that the infectious material does not contain spores. The material to be disinfected shall be freely exposed to its ac­ tion for a considerable time, in a receptable which does not permit the gas to escape. To secure any result of value, it will be neces­ sary to close the apartment to be disinfected as completely as possi­ ble, by stopping all apertures through which the gas might escape, and to burn at least three pounds of sulphur for each thousand cubic feet of air space in the room. To secure complete combustion of the sulphur, it should be placed, in powder or in small fragments, in a shallow iron pan, which should be set upon a couple of bricks in a tub Territorial Board of Health. 125 partly filled with water, to guard against fire. The sulphur should be thoroughly moistened with alcohol before igniting it. 9. Copper Sulphate. This salt has been largely used as a dis­ infectant in France, and experiments show that in the proportion of one per cent it is a reliable agent for the destruction of micro-or­ ganisms, in the absence of spores. It is much below mercuric chlo­ ride in germicide power but is a better deoderant—not a better anti­ septic—than the more poisonous salt. When we take in to account its efficiency, it is comparatively cheap, and is to be recommended for certain purposes.

GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR DISINFECTION. Disinfection of Excreta, etc. The dejections of patients suffer­ ing from an infectious disease should be disinfected before they are thrown into a water-closet or privy vault. This is especially impor taut in cholera, typhoid fever, yellow fever, and other diseases in which there is evidence that the infectious agent is capable of self- multiplication, in suitable pabulum, external to the human body. Vomited matters, and the sputa of patients, with these and other in­ fectious diseases, should also be promptly disinfected. This is es pecia'ly important in cholera, diphtheria, scarlet fever, whooping- cough, and tuberculosis. It is advisable, also, to treat the urine of patients sick with an infectious disease with a disinfecting solution. For the disinfection of excreta, etc., in the sick-room, a solution of chloride of lime is to be recommended. This is an excellent and prompt deodorant, as well as a disinfectant. As chloride of lime is quite cheap, it will be best to keep on the safe side, and to make the solution for the disinfection of excreta by dissolving eight ounces of-chloride of lime in a gallon of water. This solution should be placed in the vessel before it receives' the discharge. The material to be disinfected should be well mixed with the disin­ fecting solution by agitating the vessel, and from thirty minutes to an hour should be allowed for the action of the disinfectant, before the contents are thrown into a water-closet or privy vault. For the disinfection of liquid discharges in cholera, typhoid fever, dysentry, etc., a five per cent solution of carbolic acid may be used. The solution should be used in an amount at least equal to the material from the mouth and nostrils of patients with diphtheria sary to insure disinfection was fixed by the committee at four hours. Milk of lime, made by slacking fresh quicklime with water and mixing the resulting hydrate of lime with eight parts of water, is one of the best and cheapest agents for the disinfection of excreta in the sick room, on the surface of the ground, in open sinks, etc. 126 Territorial Board of Health.

This milk of lime should be used in an amount at least equal to the quantity of material requiring disinfection. It will be best to burn cloths used to wipe away discharges of the sick, and especially those used in wiping away the infectious material from the mouth and nostrils of patients with diptheria or scarlet fever: Bits of old muslin may be used for this purpose, and should at once be thrown upon an open fire or gas stove arranged in the fire place for this purpose. Infected sputum may be discharged directly into a cup half full of the solution of chloride of lime recommended for excreta, or of Labarraque's solution. Handkerchiefs, napkins, and towles used in wiping away infect­ ious discharges, if worth preserving, should at once be immersed in one of the following solutions: Chloride of lime, 2 per cent; carbo­ lic acid, 2 per cent; mercuric chloride, 0.1 per cent (1:1000.) Cloths used for washing the general surface of the body should also be disinfected with one of the above mentioned solutions; and attendants should invariably disinfect their hands by washing them in one of these solutions, when they have been soiled by the dis­ charges of the sick. Disinfection of Hie Person. Labarraque's solution, dilute with twenty parts of water, is a suitable disinfecting solution for bathing the entire surface of the body of the sick, of convalescents, or of those whose duties take them into the sick-room; or a 2 per cent so­ lution of carbolic acid, may be used, or a solution of mercuric chlo­ ride (corrosive sublimate) of 1:1000. The poisonous nature of this solution must be kept in mind. Disinfection of Clothing and Bedding. The cheapest and best way of disinfecting clothing and bedding, .which is not injured by the ordinary operations of the laundry, is to immerse it in boiling water for half an hour or longer. It should be placed in boiling water as soon as removed from the person or bed of the sick, and if it is neces­ sary to remove the articles from the room in order to accomplish this, they should be wrapped in a sheet or a towel thoroughly saturated with a disinfecting solution. If it is impracticable to disinfect such infected clothing and bedding immediately by boilding, it will be necessary to immerse it in one of the following disinfecting solutions, in which it should be left for four hours: Mercuric chloride, 1:2000: or the "blue solution" of this salt and sulphate of copper, dilute by adding two fluid ounces of the concentrated solution to a gallon of water; or a 2 per cent solution of carbolic acid. Finally, the valuable germicidal properties of direct sunlight have been demonstrated by numerous carefully conducted experi­ ments and the time-honored domestic practice of hanging infected Territorial Board of Health. 127 clothing and bedding in the open-air is to be recommended. This should supplement disinfection by formaldehyd or sulphur dioxid. Disinfection of the Sick Room. Every effort should be made to prevent a room occupied by patients sick with an infectious disease from .becoming infected. Carpets, stuffed furniture, curtains and other articles difficult to disinfect, should be removed at the outset. Indeed, nothing should be left in the room whch is not absolutely required, and all furniture and utensils should be of such character that they can be readily disinfected by washing with boiling water or with a disinfecting solution. Abundant ventilation and scru­ pulous cleanliness should be maintained, and a disinfecting solution should always be at hand for washing the floor, or articles in use, the moment they are soiled by infectious discharges. For this purpose a solution of chloride of lime may be used (4 per cent.) It is impracticable to destroy infectious material in an occupied apartment by means of gases or volatile disinfectants, for to be ef­ fective these must be used in a degree of concentration which would make the atmosphere of a room quite irrespirable. These agents are therefore useful only as deodorants. They are all more or less offen­ sive to the sick and will seldom be required, even as deodoiants, when proper attention is paid to cleanliness and ventilation. Daily wiping of all surfaces—floors, walls, and furniture—with a cloth wet with a disinfecting solution, is to be recommended. For this purpose a solution of chloride of lime (2 per cent), or of carbolic acid (2 per cent), or mercuric chloride (1:1000), may be used. Disinfection of the vacated room, then, consists in the destruc­ tion of all infectious particles which remain attached to surfaces, or lodged in crevices, in interstices of texitle fabrics, etc. The object in view may be accomplished by thorough washing with one of the disinfecting solutions heretofore recommended; but most sanitarians think it advisable to disinfect to room" with a gaseous disinfectant, such as formaldehyd or sulphur doxid. If the "fumigation" with sulphur dioxid is resorted to the directions given by the Committee on Disinfectants of the American Public Health Association should be followed, i. e., three pounds of sulphur should be burned for every 1,000 cubic feet of air-space. But, as already stated, disinfection with formaldehyd gas is to be preferred. At the end of from twelve to twenty-four hours doors and win­ dows should be opened, and the room freely ventilated. After this fumigation, all surfaces should be washed with a disinfecting solution (chloride of lime 2 per cent, carbolic acid 2 per cent, or mercuric chlo­ ride 1:1000) and afterwards thoroughly scrubbed with soap and hot water. Plastered walls should be whitewashed. Disinfection of Privy Vaults, Cesspools. The contents of privy vaults and cesspools should never be allowed to accumulate unduly, 128 Territorial Board of Health. or to become offensive. By frequent removal, and by the liberal use of antiseptics, such necessary receptacles of filth should be kept in a sanitary condition. The absorbent deodorants, such as dry earth or pounded charcoal,—or the chemical deodorants, and antiseptics, such as ch'oride of zinc, sulphate of iron, etc., will under ordinary circumstances, prevent such places from becoming offensive.

THE UNBRIDLED PRACTICE OF MEDICAL QUACKERY. * BY. H. KENWOOD, M. B., D. P. H.,

Medical Officer of Health of Stoke Newington and Finchley. In casting around for a subject for a brief address, it occurs to me that I may say a few words on a matter closely concerning the public health, and regarding which I think it; is our duty to draw public attention and to secure Parlimentary recognition of the neces­ sity for action. The subject further commends itself to me because I have no doubt that what I shall have to say upon it will meet with your unanimous approval, a matter which should weigh with me, since a discussion on a president's address is considered out of order. My subject, then, will be "The Unbridled Practice of Medical Quack­ ery in this Country." Wherever one looks—even remote country pastures are dis­ figured by them, and they contribute largely to the bulk of our perio­ dical publications—the eye is greeted with advertisements of so- called "patent" medical preparations. Despite the fact that the pro­ prietors advertise far more extensively than any other traders, they succeed in feathering their own nest to a prodigious extent. It may be truthfully said that in no trade is the value received by the public more out of proportion t6 the profits accruing to the vendor, and in no trade is a sufficient knowledge of the matter with which the trader has to deal so conspicuous by its absence. The manufacturers of quack medicines are silent concerning the actual ingredients of the stuff concocted by them, but they cannot be charged with similar reticence respecting the assumed virtues of their concoctions. Their "cures" are very fully recorded, but who shall say how many they have killed? And in this connection I may remind you that it is said that one quack inadvertently caused the following advertisement to appear: "Wanted, an agent to un-

•Presidential Address delievered before the Home Counties Branch of the In­ corporated Society of Medical Officers of Health, October, 1900. Territorial Board of Health. 129 dertake the sale of a patent medicine. The proprietor guarantees that it will be profitable to the undertaker." One can but sympa­ thize with the public when one pictures the mental confusion in which they must be thrown by the fact that to cure their complaints there appears to be but one remedy, and that every quack possesses it. The medical quack recommends his wares for use internally, ex­ ternally, and eternally, and many of them are vaunted to cure dis­ eases which every medical man knows require diametrically opposite courses of treatment. To give one instance of the diseases claimed to be cured by one remedy, a well-known preparation is advertised to cure: "Paralysis, locomotor ataxia, rheumatism, sciatia, all diseases of the blood, scrofula, rickets, chronic erysipelas, consumption of the bowels and lungs, anaemia, pale and sallow complexion, general muscular weakness, loss of appetite, palpitations, pains in the back, nervous headache, neuraliga, early decay, and all forms of female weakness and hysteria." Such advertisements would excite in us nothing but ridicule were it not for the circumstances that we know that they are the means by which a great amount of harm is wrought upon the general public. The only concern of the medical quack is to appeal to the widest possible clientele, quite regardless of the consequences to his dupes and victims. His aim is to set a net which will catch all the ignorant or foolish readers of his adver­ tisement. Patent medicines guaranteed to cure every known form of dis­ ease by the administration of one bottleful—especially the larger size at $1.00—are wondrous commodities with which we have all long beeni familiar, but the audacious lies which are published broadcast in the daily journals and periodicals of this country seem rather to increase as education, and presumably general intelligence, advances. Unfortunately, the lay portion of the public is not generally aware of the utter impossibility of any one of these nostrums being able to relieve a tithe of the diseases which they are advertised to cure, and as a natural consequence innocent sufferers put their trust in the statements which are made, with the result that they tinker with their constitutions, delay proper treatment, and sonfetimes pay the penalty in permanently injured constitutions or even death. I have recently interested myself in ascertaining the composi­ tion of one or two of the most popular patent medicines, and for that purpose have performed several analyses. In referring to a few of the facts I have collected, I do not propose to name the prepara­ tions. This I have decided upon mainly for two reasons: (1) it would not in any way further the object of my remarks, and (2) it is unfair to particularize when the others, equally offending, are as numerous as they are. 130 Territorial Board of Health.

Advertisements referring to certain almost universally known pills and ointment assert in the most unblushing manner that "cholera, lyphoid fever, diphtheria, asthma, pleurisy, influenza, dysen­ tery, gout, rheumatism, and all skin affections," are cured by them. The pills and ointments are pertinaciously recommended for all ages, all climates, all diseases, all seasons, and in all quantities. Is it not marvellous that in this year of grace 1900 large numbers of peo­ ple are found to believe this rodomontade! Among the benevolent institutions established by one of the most successful of these medi­ cal quacks, that which has always struck me as being peculiarly ap­ propriate to those who believe that his commodities can cure every­ thing is an asylum for lunatics. Again, certain extensively advertised pills are recommended for every class of disorder that afflicts both sexes from youth to old age. Yet aloes appears to be the only really active ingredient, as it is in quite a number of other quack medicines. I have, indeed, satisfied myself that it is practically the only active ingredient in six well- known preparations. Another article consists solely of lentils ground fine, and this is the only cure for "consumption, deafness, dihbetes, dropsy, paralysis, and many other serious disorders;" in fact, it would appear that nothing, from "asthma" through the whole alphabet down to "vertigo," is capable of resisting this marvellous remedy. The British Gold Cure for Alcholism, so extensively advertised a few years back both in this country and America, contained no gold whatever, but was in itself practically nothing but a very dilute mixture of alcohol and water. The price charged was $10.00 for two bottles, a price which led to the inference that the unfortunate dupe, though paying for a most expensive remedy, was transferring at least a ilttle of the large amount of gold which left his pocket into his system. Dr. Norman Kerr did much to expose the "gold cure" hum­ bugs. In a report of analysis of a liquid described as "a blood mixture or purifier," and which is to be seen advertised largely at the present day, the late Dr. Taylor, of Guy's Hospital, found in an 8-ounce bottle of the mixture*: iodide of postssium, 64 grains; chloric ether, 4 drachms; water coloured with burnt sugar to give the requisite tint, 1\ ounces. The dose directed to be administered was one tablespoon- ful {\ ounce) four times a day. "Why such a mixture as this," says Dr. Taylor, "should be designated a 'blood mixture' and a 'blood puri­ fier' is incomprehensible. It has no more claim to this title than nitre, common salt, sal ammoniac, or other saline medicines which operate on and through the blood by absorption. Its properties—i. e., those of iodide of potassium—are well known, and there is no novelty in its employment. The only novelty in this form of mixture Territorial Board of Health. 131 is that the iodide is dissolved in water colured with burnt sugar, and that it is described as a 'blood purifier.' The four doses directed to be taken daily represent 16 grains, and if the person taking it is not under medical observation, such a daily quantity as this may accumu­ late in the system and do mischief. In some constitutions the iodide of potassium frequently taken proves specially injurious. It pro­ duces iodism." My own recent analysis of the contents of an 8-ounce bottle gave a bare 50 grains of potassic iodide. I infer, therefore, that out of deference to Dr. Taylor's views, the manufacturers have so reduced the quantity of this drug that each dose now contains about 3 grains instead of the original 4. One coal-tar soap is extensively adverstised as protecting from "fevers, measles, small-pox,'' etc., and it is "recommended by the medical faculty." Another much advertised "antiseptic soap" con­ fers "immunity from infection;" and certain pills and ointment, the chief active igredient of which is aloes, are recommended extensively for infectious fevers. We know from actual daily experience the amount of ignorance often displayed by heads of families on the subject of disinfection, and we have no doubt that many hundreds of people purchase such preparations with a firm belief in what is implied in such advertise­ ments, viz., that by the use of such soaps for ordinary washing pur­ poses in the house, they are taking all the necessary preventive meas­ ures to guard the household against infection, and against its spread when there is infection in the home. Incredible as it may appear to many that such ignorance can exist, we know, and the advertisers know; that it does exist. Now, is it not in the interest of the public health that such advertisements as these should be suppressed? Tiie immorality of such trading must, I suppose, be left to the consciences of those who, by advertising a thing for what it is not, secure a big income by their fraud; but when the consequence of the deception is to imperil the health and even life of their dupes, then surely the Legislature should deal with the matter. The advertisements of the sexual quack tend to corrupt the sen. e of public decency and propriety. His other literature is invariably of the same type. Those who care to read this sort of stuff will find it in long columns of puffery, innuendo, and "dirt," in the files of many daily papers; but mainly in certain Sunday and weekly papers which are the most frequently read by those female members of the community who are most likely to be in need of the relief prom­ ised, and least likely to hesitate in accepting the specious offers made "to them. The printed matter sent out with these pills and potions leaves no doubt as to what the vendors wish to be under­ stood as selling. They deliberately advertise their wares as capable 132 Territorial Board of Health.

of producing abortion, although they avoid the actual word. They are mostly thinly-veiled invitations to purchase and employ the ad­ vertised agents for the purpose of procuring miscarriage. As to their actual power in this direction, it appears that some prepara­ tions contain well-recognized abortifacients (pennyroyal, aloes, etc.), and the vendors evidently aim at acting up to their professions; but others are designedly inert. The literature of the trade often contains a warning to the effect that the remedy must not be taken by those expecting to become mothers. This is, of course, a trans­ parent device for puffing the value of the remedy for the purpose for which it is invariably purchased; and that this is so I have satisfied myself in two instances by writing to the vendors under the guise of a domestic servant who had got into trouble. At the same time I enclosed postal orders for the cost of the medicine, and I need hardly say that they were forwarded in both of these instances. In some cases the tone of the pamphlets sent with these indecent advertisements is very pernicious, more especially that dealing with nervous ailments and debility; and if to this is added the effect of the counsel so freely distributed for the limitation of families, it is not hard to see how individual health and morals are impaired, or to realize the national importance of dealing with the matter. The amount of filth circulated by means of the Post Office is in calculable; and it is disgraceful that even high-class newspapers can be found willing to insert advertisements of this nature. Apart from the matter of decency, young persons should not have induce­ ments constantly placed before them to put themselves in the hands of mischievous quacks and to dose themselves with harmful drugs or costly rubbish, when these medicines are advertised as an easy means of ridding themselves from the consequences of an immoral act, quite apart from the injury and disease they are capable of effect­ ing. Is the Law unable to deal with this state of things? Cannot the advertisement and sale of these so-called remedies for "obstruction," etc., be prohibited, since they act as direct incentives to the commis­ sion of crime? It is much to be regretted (if such be the case) that the penal clauses of the Indecent Advertisements Act cannot be en­ forced against the authors and publishers of this revolving literature. In the trial at the Old Bailey Sessions of the defendants who traded under the name of "Madame Frain," for inciting divers persons to at­ tempt to commit the crime of abortion, it was shown that Madame Frain's liquid mixture was of the same strength (whatever degree of efficacy that might imply) at whatever price it was sold. In the course of his judgment Mr. Justice Darling said "this crime was rendered possible because newspapers accepted advertisements of this illegal business. It was desirable that it should be known that Territorial Board of Health. 133 anyone who incited, by whatever means, a person to commit crime himself committed a crime. The jury had found by their verdict that these advertisements were incitements which were used by the men on whom he had passed sentence to the crime of abortion. If any advertisements which incited to this or any other crime appeared again, the proprietors, editors, and printers of the newspapers which made them public would deserve to find themselves— and if any words of his had any influence with the Treasury, they would find themselves—in that dock; and although they pointed out no particu­ lar means for the commission of the crime, if the jury found that they did incite to crime, they would probably receive a more severe sentence than that passed in this case." The trial of the infamous Chrimes Brothers, before Mr. Justice Hawkins at the Old Bailey, is fresh in our memories; and we can recall how the case exemplified, in a strikingly complete manner, the evil effects resulting from such advertisements. The case proved beyond all doubt that nearly all those who purchase remedies adver­ tised to cure "irregularities" do so in the hope that by their aid they will be able to procure abortion. This was proved by the large num­ ber of women who allowed themselves, without any attempt at resis­ tance, to be blackmailed. "Chlorodyne" contains both morphia and choloform, and there aie many other anodyne and soporflce preparations advertised which contain either opium or chloroform, or both. The Government three- half penny stamp sanctions the unlimited sale of such drugs in pat­ ent medicines, whereas their sale as opium and chloroform by a chemst is hedged around by certain very necessary conditions under the Pharmacy Acts. Moreover, so long as the drug is not one of those included in a few very deadly poisons which are scheduled in the Pharmacy Act of 1868, the sale of other powerful drugs, which can do untold harm, but do it more slowly, in a patent preparation, is absolutely unrestricted. The home drugging fostered and maintained by medical quack­ ery is doubtless responsible fcr many deaths both directly and in­ directly, i. e., either the medicine experts a direct harmful effect upon the consumer because it is not the proper remedy, or indirectly by doing no good it delays the period when the sufferer consults the medical man, with the result that proper treatment is sometimes ap­ plied for too late. It is undoubtedly responsible for many deaths, especially of children, and a coroner of large experience once re­ marked that "it is impossible to say how many infants are killed an­ nually by soothing syrups." Certainly every preparation of this class that I have examined (four) contains opium in some form or other. 134 Territorial Board of Health.

Thus the consequences to the public health of the present Btate of unbridled quackery in this country are sufficiently serious to con­ stitute it a grave evil. How may the evils be reduced? I cannot understand why the quack, who is really a social anomaly, should be permitted to exist in any intelligent community, much less that he should be recognised by Government; and it is impossible to refer in too strong terms to the Legislature permitting the sale of dangerous drugs under the guise of patent medicines. If a man who is not a lawyer engages in legal practice, he is promptly dealt with by the law, and yet the harm which he may have done can be rectified. Why, as many have asked, should it be less easy to punish offenders against our lives than against our property? The old wandering mountebanks and peripatetic charlatans are now replaced by a set of ludiciously ignorant men, who obviously care nothing for the health of their dupes so long as they effect a brisk sale of their praparations; and a considerable amount of injury to the public health is permitted because an enlightened Government cannot be found to take some very simple and necessary measures. The term "patent," when applied to a medicine, is misleading, for the )only protection given by the Government stamp is to the manufacturer of the nostrum, and the nature of the medicine is not disclosed, nor is it necessary to prove novelty or utility; and the only payment required of the manufacturer is the payment for stamps. The Governments of other countries protect their ignorant citizens against the unrestricted use of potent drugs, which are often inimical to health and dangerous to life. In France, Germany, and Italy, the sale of secret remedies is prohibited under a heavy penalty, and even Japan is in advance of us, for there the proprietors art; bound to make known the names and proportions of the ingredients, the directions for use, and to explain satisfactorily the alleged ef­ ficacy of proprietary medical preparations. Strangely enough, in this country the public is protected against the sale of margarine without a label informing the purchaser of what he is buying, but no obligation attaches to the vendor of potent drugs in secret remedies to make known the nature of their contents. An Increased charge should be made for the patent medicine license, which ought to be restricted to chemists and druggists, so as to facilitate bringing the articles sold as patent medicines under the provisions of the Pharmacy Act, 1868. If a stamp duty is to be continued, it should be made clear that it is little else than a tax, and not, as is so commonly suppposed, an authoritative recognition or guarantee of the value of the preparation. "Protected by Her Majesty's Royal Letters Patent" is a legend which deludes thousands of purchasers of quack remedies. , Territorial Board of Health. 135

Patent medicines should not be allowed to be advertised and sold which are, from the nature of their composition, or from the dosage recommended, likely to prove injurious to the health of anyone; nor should those which are said to be able to cure certain diseases, and which! are demonstrably useless for the purposes for which they are sold; and, further, the public should be protected by the prohibition of the sale of those preparations concerning which any other false statement is made. I raise no objection to the harmless prepara­ tions; but surely the Legislature of this country would be doing a public service, in the eyes of all intelligent beings, if it prohibited, or at least regulated, the sale of harmful or useless preparations, or agents advertised to procure abortion. Let us hope that it will not be long before these wholly indefensible practices are disallowed.

Index.

INDEX. Boards of Health, city and town 81 Local, instructions to 83 Building Public, rules in reference to 81 Bulletin of Health, importance of 8 Certificates, of death 10 Chemist and Microscopist, recommendation for 10 Contagious Disease, small pox epidemic of 1899-1900 .... 11-18-20-23-29-34-41-43-71-73-75-78 Chicken pox 12-73 Cuban chicken pox, Cuban itch, etc 75 Duty of physicians to report 83 Flags of warning of 84 In public schools 82 Consumption 31-36-48-50 County Commissioners, 13-14 Refusal to co-operate 20-23-26-27-29-43 Co-operation of 24-33-41 County Boards of Health, report from 13 Beaver 17 Blaine 19 Canadian 19 Cleveland 22 Custer 24 Day 25 Dewey 25 Garfield 28 Grant 29 Kay 30 Kingfisher 31 Lincoln 32 Logan 33 Noble 35 Oklahoma 38 Pawnee 39 Payne 40 ii INDEX. PAGE Pottawatomie 41 Roger Mills 43 Washita 44 Woods 47 Woodward 49 Instructions to 83 Compensation of 13-23-29-46 List of members of 15 Disinfectants 121 Disinfection, general directions for ' 125 Flags, of warning in contagious disease 84 Who shall remove 84 Quarantine value of 85 Food Products, adulteration of 9 Funerals, public or private, when not to be held 82-84-88 Letter of Transmission 4 Medical Colleges, diplomas from 8-91 Medical Examining Board, territorial members of 51 Recommendation in reference to 50 Medical Practice 128 Recommended Legislation in reference to 8 Medical Institutions, graduates from 91 Paris International Exposition. Board's exhibit at 8 Patent Medicine, dangers from the use of 129 Indecent advertisements of 132 Pan-American Exposition, exhibit at 8 Parents or Guardians, duties of in contagious disease .... 82 Physicians and Surgeons, official register of 97 Physicians, itinerate 9 * Illegal 27-37-48-42 Failure to report contagion by 42 Duty of in contagious disease 42 Physicians Registered by Examination 119 Quarantine 40 Of contagious disease 83 Flags why placed 85 How made 84 Length of 84 Quackery, the unbridled practice of 128 School Houses, sanitary conditions of 81 Funerals not to held in 83 INDEX "i PAGE School Teachers and Superintendents, duty of 82 Schools, public Persons not to be admitted into 82 Statistics, vital 28-24 Of births and deaths 10 Superintendent Public Health, official actions of 7 Work of 49 Records of 53 Territorial Board of Health, members of 3 Work of 5 Inadequate appropriation for 5-7 Miscellaneous work of 5-6 Library of 9 Sanitary rules and regulations adopted by 81 Undertakers, rules affecting 85 Examination of 86 Vaccination 11-12-38-45-49-71-77 Rules for 83 Vaults for Sewerage, how constructed 84