Curriculum Vitae
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Autophagic Pathways in Health and Disease: Mitophagy and Neurodegeneration Nektarios Tavernarakis Institute of Molecular Biology
Autophagic pathways in health and disease: Mitophagy and neurodegeneration Nektarios Tavernarakis Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece Mitochondria, the main energy hub of the cell, are highly dynamic organelles, playing essential roles in fundamental cellular processes. Mitochondrial function impinges on several signalling pathways modulating cellular metabolism, cell survival and healthspan. Maintenance of mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis requires both generation of newly synthesized and elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria. Impaired mitochondrial function and excessive mitochondrial content are major characteristics of ageing and several human pathophysiological conditions, highlighting the pivotal role of the coordination between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. However, the cellular and molecular underpinnings of mitochondrial mass homeostasis remain obscure. We found that DCT-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of mammalian BNIP3 and BNIP3L/NIX, is a key mediator of mitophagy promoting longevity under stress. DCT-1 acts downstream of the PINK-1-PDR-1/Parkin pathway and is ubiquitinated upon mitophagy-inducing conditions to mediate the removal of damaged mitochondria. Accumulation of damaged mitochondria triggers SKN-1 activation, which initiates a bipartite retrograde signaling pathway stimulating the coordinated induction of both mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy genes. Taken together, our results unravel a homeostatic feedback loop that allows cells to adjust their mitochondrial population in response to environmental and intracellular cues. Age-dependent decline of mitophagy both inhibits removal of dysfunctional or superfluous mitochondria and impairs mitochondrial biogenesis resulting in progressive mitochondrial accretion and consequently, deterioration of cell function. . -
Nucleophagy: from Homeostasis to Disease
Cell Death & Differentiation (2019) 26:630–639 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-018-0266-5 REVIEW ARTICLE Nucleophagy: from homeostasis to disease 1,2 1,2 Margarita-Elena Papandreou ● Nektarios Tavernarakis Received: 7 November 2018 / Revised: 9 December 2018 / Accepted: 17 December 2018 / Published online: 15 January 2019 © The Author(s) 2019. This article is published with open access Abstract Nuclear abnormalities are prominent in degenerative disease and progeria syndromes. Selective autophagy of organelles is instrumental in maintaining cell homeostasis and prevention of premature ageing. Although the nucleus is the control centre of the cell by safeguarding our genetic material and controlling gene expression, little is known in relation to nuclear autophagy. Here we present recent discoveries in nuclear recycling, namely nucleophagy in physiology in yeast and nucleophagic events that occur in pathological conditions in mammals. The selective nature of degrading nuclear envelope components, DNA, RNA and nucleoli is highlighted. Potential effects of perturbed nucleophagy in senescence and longevity are examined. Moreover, the open questions that remain to be explored are discussed concerning the conditions, receptors and substrates in homeostatic nucleophagy. 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: Facts: ● Are there different types of macronucleophagy depend- ing on the underlying triggering conditions and different ● Selective autophagy of nuclear components is termed mechanisms that would selectively degrade different nucleophagy nuclear -
Protein Metabolism and Homeostasis in Aging Series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
springer.com Nektarios Tavernarakis (Ed.) Protein Metabolism and Homeostasis in Aging Series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Illustrates that aging cells are characterized by alterations in the rate, level and accuracy of protein synthesis compared to young ones, and that mRNA translation is controlled at multiple levels Discusses paradoxical situation of autophagy up-regulation in models of premature aging Role of mitochondria in protein quality control and the influence of reactive oxygen species Aging is loosely defined as the accumulation of changes in an organism over time. At the cellular level such changes are distinct and multidimensional: DNA replication ceases, cells stop dividing, they become senescent and eventually die. DNA metabolism and chromosomal 2010, XXI, 249 p. maintenance, together with protein metabolism are critical in the aging process. The focus of this book is on the role of protein metabolism and homeostasis in aging. An overview is Printed book provided of the current knowledge in the area, including protein synthesis, accuracy and repair, Hardcover post-translational modifications, degradation and turnover, and how they define and influence 199,99 € | £179.99 | $249.99 aging. The chapters mainly focus on well-characterised factors and pathways, but new areas [1]213,99 € (D) | 219,99 € (A) | CHF are also presented, where associations with aging are just being elucidated by current 236,00 experimental data. Protein turnover, the balance between protein synthesis and protein Softcover degradation are carefully maintained in healthy cells. Chapters 1 and 2 illustrate that aging 186,90 € | £139.99 | $219.99 cells are characterised by alterations in the rate, level and accuracy of protein synthesis [1]199,98 € (D) | 205,59 € (A) | CHF compared to young ones, and that mRNA translation, essential for cell growth and survival, is 220,50 controlled at multiple levels. -
Celebrating 40 Years of Rita Allen Foundation Scholars 1 PEOPLE Rita Allen Foundation Scholars: 1976–2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS ORIGINS From the President . 4 Exploration and Discovery: 40 Years of the Rita Allen Foundation Scholars Program . .5 Unexpected Connections: A Conversation with Arnold Levine . .6 SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE Pioneering Pain Researcher Invests in Next Generation of Scholars: A Conversation with Kathleen Foley (1978) . .10 Douglas Fearon: Attacking Disease with Insights . .12 Jeffrey Macklis (1991): Making and Mending the Brain’s Machinery . .15 Gregory Hannon (2000): Tools for Tough Questions . .18 Joan Steitz, Carl Nathan (1984) and Charles Gilbert (1986) . 21 KEYNOTE SPEAKERS Robert Weinberg (1976): The Genesis of Cancer Genetics . .26 Thomas Jessell (1984): Linking Molecules to Perception and Motion . 29 Titia de Lange (1995): The Complex Puzzle of Chromosome Ends . .32 Andrew Fire (1989): The Resonance of Gene Silencing . 35 Yigong Shi (1999): Illuminating the Cell’s Critical Systems . .37 SCHOLAR PROFILES Tom Maniatis (1978): Mastering Methods and Exploring Molecular Mechanisms . 40 Bruce Stillman (1983): The Foundations of DNA Replication . .43 Luis Villarreal (1983): A Life in Viruses . .46 Gilbert Chu (1988): DNA Dreamer . .49 Jon Levine (1988): A Passion for Deciphering Pain . 52 Susan Dymecki (1999): Serotonin Circuit Master . 55 Hao Wu (2002): The Cellular Dimensions of Immunity . .58 Ajay Chawla (2003): Beyond Immunity . 61 Christopher Lima (2003): Structure Meets Function . 64 Laura Johnston (2004): How Life Shapes Up . .67 Senthil Muthuswamy (2004): Tackling Cancer in Three Dimensions . .70 David Sabatini (2004): Fueling Cell Growth . .73 David Tuveson (2004): Decoding a Cryptic Cancer . 76 Hilary Coller (2005): When Cells Sleep . .79 Diana Bautista (2010): An Itch for Knowledge . .82 David Prober (2010): Sleeping Like the Fishes . -
Assessment of De Novo Protein Synthesis Rates in Caenorhabditis Elegans
Materials List for Assessment of de novo Protein Synthesis Rates in Caenorhabditis elegans Margarita Elena Papandreou*1,2, Konstantinos Palikaras*1,2, Nektarios Tavernarakis1,2 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Greece 2Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013, Crete, Greece * These authors contributed equally Corresponding Author Citation Nektarios Tavernarakis Papandreou, M.E., Palikaras, K., Tavernarakis, N. Assessment of de novo Protein [email protected] Synthesis Rates in Caenorhabditis elegans. J. Vis. Exp. (), e61170, doi:10.3791/61170 (2020). Date Published DOI URL September 12, 2020 10.3791/61170 jove.com/video/61170 Materials Name Company Catalog Number Comments Agar Sigma-Aldrich 5040 Agarose Biozym 8,40,004 Agarose pads 2% Calcium chloride dehydrate (CaCl2? Sigma-Aldrich C5080 2H2O) Cholesterol SERVA Electrophoresis 17101.01 cycloheximide Sigma-Aldrich C-7698 Dissecting stereomicroscope Nikon Corporation SMZ645 edc-3(ok1427);Ex[punc-119GFP, Tavernarakis lab Maintain animals at 20 °C pRF4] Epifluorescence microscope Zeiss Axio Imager Z2 Escherichia coli OP50 strain Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC) Fluorescence dissecting Zeiss SteREO Lumar V12 stereomicroscope Greiner Petri dishes (60 x 15 mm) Sigma-Aldrich P5237 ife-2(ok306);Ex[pife-2GFP, pRF4] Tavernarakis lab Maintain animals at 20 °C image analysis software Fiji https://fiji.sc KH2PO4 EMD Millipore 1,37,010 K2HPO4 EMD Millipore 1,04,873 LB liquid medium -
Fotis C. Kafatos 1940–2017
Fotis C. Kafatos 1940–2017 A Biographical Memoir by Christos (Kitsos) Louis and Marian R. Goldsmith ©2019 National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. FOTIS C. KAFATOS April 16, 1940–November 18, 2017 Elected to the NAS, 1982 Beginnings Fotis Kafatos was born in Heraklion, Crete, Greece, on April 16, 1940. His father Constantine had been born to a family of subsistence farmers in the village of Monasti- raki, in the beautiful valley of Amari in central Crete. Constantine, or “Costas”, emigrated to the United States at the age of fourteen, and there managed not only to support himself but to earn a BA from Lafayette College and a graduate degree in agronomy from Cornell. At age thirty he returned to Crete, where he met and married an elementary school teacher, Eleni Ksiroudaki. He and she were distant cousins, both being related to the intellectu- ally distinguished Prevelakis family. Costas first led an agri- By Christos (Kitsos) Louis cultural school in the Amari district, then accepted a post and Marian R. Goldsmith with the Government Agricultural Service with an office in Heraklion. In 1950 the book Crete, detailing the results of a socio-economic survey sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation, was published; the book’s subtitle was “A case study of an underdeveloped area.” Costas Kafatos provided assistance to the survey and was acknowledged in the book. Fotis was the second of Costas’ and Eleni’s three sons. Both he and his younger brother Menas, now a Professor and Institute Director at Chapman University, grew up to be scientists; their older brother, Antonis, became an insurance executive in Greece. -
The European Research Council: Prime
The European Research Council: Prime funder of Frontier Research in Europe Partners / Partners Montois David Krása Brison Head of Sector Physical Sciences & Mathematics credits: S. credits: © Art & Build Architect / Architect Build & Art © ERC Scientific Management Department│ 1 58th Plenary Meeting of the European Space Sciences Committee, Brussels, 1-3 October 2019 ERC has a unique mission "The ERC's mission is to encourage the highest quality research in Europe through competitive funding and to support investigator-driven frontier research across all fields, on the basis of scientific excellence." │ 2 "Let scientists follow their dreams" "You never know if and how a discovery will be used in the future… When al-Khwarizmi invented the algorithms, he did not know they would be used to create IT encryption systems. So let scientists follow their dreams, without boundaries" ERC Grantee, Israel, PoC 2014 │ 3 ERC is…. 1. funding: it is part of H2020 ERC Budget € 13 billion For 2020, the budget is more than 2.25 billion euros, the highest ever since the beginning of the ERC. │ 4 │ 4 ERC Structure The European Commission • Provides financing through the EU framework programmes • Guarantees autonomy of the ERC • Assures the integrity and accountability of the ERC • Adopts annual work programmes as established by the Scientific Council The ERC Scientific Council • 21 prominent researchers proposed by an independent identification committee • President appointed following recommendation of an independent committee • Appointed by the Commission -
Jean Pierre BOURGUIGNON ERC President
Established by the European Commission Jean Pierre BOURGUIGNON ERC President © Art & Build Architect / Montois Partners / credits: S. Brison June 2019 The European Research Council Established by the European Commission ERC: Achievements and Perspectives Jean Pierre BOURGUIGNON ERC President © Art & Build Architect / Montois Partners / credits: S. Brison June 2019 What is the ERC? Established by the European Commission The ERC supports excellence in Frontier Research through a bottom-up, individual-based, pan-European competition Support for the individual scientists – no networks! Global peer-review No predetermined subjects (bottom-up) Strategy Support of frontier research in all fields of science and humanities Scientific governance: independent Scientific Council with 22 members including the ERC President; full authority over funding strategy and evaluation Support by the ERC Executive Agency (autonomous) Legislation Scientific quality as the only criterion aiming for excellence │ 3 ERC Scientific Council in the Lead Established by the European Commission • Prof. Manuel ARELLANO (Economics) • Prof. Jean-Pierre BOURGUIGNON (Mathematics), ERC President • Prof. Paola BOVOLENTA (Neurobiology) • Prof. Margaret BUCKINGHAM (Biology) • Prof. Eveline CRONE (Psychology) • Prof. Ben L. FERINGA (Organic Chemistry) • Prof. Andrzej JAJSZCZYK (Electronics and Communication Engineering) • Prof. Tomas JUNGWIRTH (Condensed Matter Physics) • Prof. Michael KRAMER (Astrophysics) • Prof. Kurt MEHLHORN (Computer Science) • Prof. Barbara ROMANOWICZ -
Mitochondrial Maturation Drives Germline Stem Cell Differentiation in Caenorhabditis Elegans
Cell Death & Differentiation (2020) 27:601–617 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-019-0375-9 ARTICLE Mitochondrial maturation drives germline stem cell differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans 1,2 1,3 Nikolaos Charmpilas ● Nektarios Tavernarakis Received: 23 November 2018 / Revised: 27 May 2019 / Accepted: 3 June 2019 / Published online: 19 June 2019 © The Author(s) 2019. This article is published with open access Abstract The C. elegans germline recapitulates mammalian stem cell niches and provides an effective platform for investigating key aspects of stem cell biology. However, the molecular and physiological requirements for germline stem cell homeostasis remain largely elusive. Here, we report that mitochondrial biogenesis and function are crucial for germline stem cell identity. We show that general transcription activity in germline mitochondria is highly compartmentalized, and determines mitochondrial maturation. RPOM-1, the mitochondrial RNA polymerase, is differentially expressed as germ nuclei progress from the distal to the proximal gonad arm to form oocytes. Mitochondria undergo changes from globular to tubular morphology and become polarized, as they approach the proximal gonad arm. Notably, this mitochondrial maturation fi 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: trajectory is evolutionarily conserved. We nd that a similar transition and temporal mitochondrial RNA polymerase expression profile characterizes differentiation of mammalian stem cells. In C. elegans, ATP, and ROS production increases sharply during maturation. Impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics causes gonad syncytium tumor formation by disrupting the balance between mitosis and differentiation to oocytes, which results in a marked reduction of fecundity. Consequently, compensatory apoptosis is induced in the germline. Sperm-derived signals promote mitochondrial maturation and proper germ cell differentiation via the MEK/ERK kinase pathway. -
Interview Aristidis Economopou
Interview FFN#39 Aristidis P. Economopoulos Professor emeritus, Department of Biology, Elementary school at the village and University of Crete, Greece the city of Hania , high school in Athens, Biographical abstract, based on an interview ques- university at the Highest Agricultural tionnaire issued by the editors of FFN School of Athens ( now Agricultural Uni- versity), then 26 months in the army, and finally a PhD from the University of Califor- nia at Berkeley, 1967-1970. Research at “Demokritos” National Research Center in Athens, 1965-1967 and 1970-1985, at IAEA Seibersdorf Laboratory ,Vienna, Aus- tria, 1985-1990, and at the University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, 1991- 2006 . Since then emeritus professor of the same uni- Aris (Fall 2019) versity. Most of my research was with the Fruit Flies of Economic Importance and in particular with the olive fruit fly and the Mediterranean fruit fly. During my Berke- orn just before the Second World War in B ley days : Vietnam War, Mario Savio Free Northern Greece. With the outbreak of the war my Speech Movement, Ernesto Che Guevara, father, an army officer, was transferred to the fron- Black Panthers, and The Children of Pirae- tiers while my mother with my older brother and us by Manos Hatzidakis, a concert by Mikis myself moved to a village of Western Crete , 30 km Theodorakis, Joan Baez and Neil Am- southeast of Hania, capital city of Crete at that time. strong’s Moon Walk as well. It was the native village of my mother where my My first contact with insects was in my grandfather was the village orthodox priest and Cretan village mentioned above, named possessed a house and fields with olive trees and Fres, where I was annoyed by mosqui- vineyards. -
Fotis C. Kafatos Head of European Research Council Prof
M.I.T. Hellenic Students’ Association presents A talk by Fotis C. Kafatos Head of European Research Council Prof. Imperial College, London, UK The European Research Council (ERC): Excellence at the heart of European Science Policy Wednesday March 14th, 2.30 – 4.00 PM, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 32-141 For more information, contact [email protected] Fotis C. KAFATOS, Professor Fotis Kafatos currently holds the Chair of Immunogenomics at Imperial College London. In the 1960s Kafatos was one of the scientists who introduced molecular biology to the study of development. He also helped develop fundamental techniques such as cDNA synthesis, cloning and sequencing (for beta globin) and the dot-blot. He pioneered the analysis of gene families in development and evolution (chorion gene families). He helped launch the Drosophila and Anopheles genome projects, and has made important contributions to comparative and functional genomics. His current scientific work is on malaria research with emphasis on mosquito genomics and immunity of Anopheles to the parasite. His research contributions and leadership have been recognized by numerous distinctions, such as membership in several academies, including the National Academy of Sciences USA, the Royal Society of London and the French Academy of Sciences. He was full Professor at Harvard University, as well as at the Universities of Athens and Crete. He founded the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology at the Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH) and directed it from 1983 to 1993. From 1993-2005, he was Director-General of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL). In December 2005, Fotis Kafatos was elected Chairman of the Scientific Council of the European Research Council (ERC). -
EMBC Annual Report 2005
EMBO | EMBC annual report 2005 EUROPEAN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ORGANIZATION | EUROPEAN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY CONFERENCE EMBO | EMBC table of contents introduction preface by Frank Gannon, EMBO 4 preface by Susan Gasser, EMBO Council 6 preface by Marja Makarow, EMBC 8 past & present timeline 12 brief history 13 EMBO | EMBC | EMBL 14 EMBO actions 2005 17 EMBC actions 2005 19 EMBO & EMBC programmes and activities fellowship programme 23 courses & workshops programme 24 world activities 25 young investigator programme 26 women in the life sciences 27 science & society programme 28 electronic information programme 29 EMBO activities The EMBO Journal 32 EMBO reports 33 Molecular Systems Biology 34 journal subject categories 35 national science reviews 36 gold medal 37 award for communication in the life sciences 38 sectoral meetings 39 plenary lectures 40 communications offi ce 41 European Life Sciences Forum (ELSF) 42 ➔ 2 table of contents appendix EMBC delegates and advisers 46 EMBC scale of contributions 53 EMBO council members 2005 54 EMBO committee members & auditors 2005 55 EMBO council members 2006 56 EMBO committee members & auditors 2006 57 EMBO members elected in 2005 58 advisory editorial boards & senior editors 2005 66 long-term fellowship awards 2005 70 long-term fellowships: statistics 84 long-term fellowships 2005: geographical distribution 86 short-term fellowship awards 2005 88 short-term fellowships: statistics 102 short-term fellowships 2005: geographical distribution 104 young investigators 2005 106 young investigators 2000 – 2004 107 young investigators: statistics 108 young investigator lectures 2005 110 courses | workshops | conferences | symposia 2005 112 plenary lectures 2005 118 participation of women in EMBO activities: statistics 120 EMBO staff 124 events in 2006 courses | workshops | conferences | conference series | symposia 2006 128 plenary lectures 2006 134 other EMBO events 2006 136 organisations and acronyms 138 ➔ 3 preface EMBO & EMBC 2005 An awkward time warp surrounds annual 1200 applications for long-term fellowships and reports.