DOCSLIB.ORG

The Making of the American Metropolis, 1870-1920

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Making of the American Metropolis, 1870-1920 “LIFE WAS DOING SOMETHING NEW”: THE MAKING OF THE AMERICAN METROPOLIS, 1870-1920 Graham Wooten Culbertson A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English and Comparative Literature Chapel Hill 2013 Approved by: John McGowan Jane F. Thrailkill Gregory Flaxman Matthew Taylor Robert Cantwell ABSTRACT GRAHAM CULBERTSON: “Life Was Doing Something New”: The Making of the American Metropolis, 1870-1920 (Under the direction of John McGowan and Jane F. Thrailkill) This dissertation seeks to shed new light on the moment in American history when the U.S. became an urban nation. To that end, it marshals a diverse range of thinkers – including Henry Adams, Frederick Douglass, Daniel Burnham, Edith Wharton, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jacob Riis, William Dean Howells, Theodore Dreiser, and Jane Addams – all of whom investigated the processes which shaped the cities in this era. The central conflict that emerges is the tension between rational planning and unpredictable evolutionary forces. Many of those who wrote about American cities in the Gilded and Progressive Ages chose to emphasize one isolated extreme – either the controllable nature of cities or the chaotic manner of their growth – while others sought to synthesize them. In each of the three major American cities that I have chosen to survey – Washington, D.C.; New York; and Chicago – this tension exists: the interplay between the unregulated flows of economic, political, and social capital and the various attempts to impose order on them. Expanding upon such historicist work as Walter Benn Michaels’s The Gold Standard and the Logic of Naturalism and Jennifer Fleissner’s Women, Compulsion, Modernity, “Life Was Doing Something New” provides an interdisciplinary account of the birth of the American city, one that reveals the hitherto unrecognized ways realism and naturalism participated in larger debates about the new, industrial America and the forces shaping it. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………………...v Chapter I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………….1 Chapter Summaries…………………………………………………………..17 II. WASHINGTON, D.C………………………………………………………..27 L’Enfant’s Plan: Building Unity out of Sectional Diversity…………………33 Henry Adams: In Praise of D.C.’s Southern Culture…………………...……46 Frederick Douglass’s New Black D.C………………………………….……64 The McMillan Commission and the Unity of Disunion……………………..76 III. NEW YORK……………………………………………………………...….90 The Custom of the Country: Multiple Cosmologies of the Visible………....104 “Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns”: A Space for Benign Visibility…………………………………………………………....121 How the Other Half Lives: The Visibility of Poverty……………………....136 A Hazard of New Fortunes: The Realist Project of Middle-Class Visibility…………………………………………………………………...147 IV. CHICAGO………………………………………………………………….165 Dreiser’s The Titan: A Story of Capitalist Reform…………………………167 Jane Addams: Cooperative Reform Through a New Ethics………………..198 FIGURES………………………………………………………………………………………..…..228 iii WORKS CITED……………………………………………………………………………………..235 iv LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1. Detail of L’Enfant’s Plan……………………………………………………....228 1.2. Current Tidal Basin………………………………………………………...….229 1.3. McMillan Plan……………………………………………………………..…..229 1.4. Jefferson’s original survey for D.C……………………………………………230 1.5. Negro Life at the South…………………………………………………….….231 1.6 Plan showing proposed method of laying out public grounds at Washington...231 2.1. 1863 Tenement floorplan………………………………………………………232 2.2. Lodgers in a crowded Bayard Street tenement – “five cents a spot.”…………233 3.1 Anti-Cowperwood handbill……………………………………………………234 v CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION “The city is not, in other words, merely a physical mechanism and an artificial construction. It is involved in the vital processes of the people who compose it; it is the product of nature, and particularly of human nature.” - Robert E. Park, 1925 As Theodore Dreiser put it in his 1914 novel The Titan, life was doing something new in the American cities of the Gilded and Progressive Ages. But if there is a single point of agreement shared by every thinker about every city in this work, it’s that the process had gone wrong. Those were transforming America and creating enormous wealth in the process, but they also created enormous suffering. Compared to the agrarian ideal that was embraced in the previous century, industrial cities were seen as filthy, dehumanizing spaces. And crucially, although the last century has seen amazing social and technological developments, the problems that cities faced from 1870 through 1920 remain similar to the problems we are facing today. In fact, the urban problems and solutions of that period are more relevant now than they had been since at least the end of World War II. As Richard White said in his 2011 book Railroaded, “The present seems so nineteenth century” (xxxiv). To put it a different way, nineteenth-century urban innovations, such as streetcars and city parks, are once again at the forefront of American urban planning. I belong to a generation that was not only largely raised in the suburbs and exurbs, but also was raised by a generation brought up in the same way. Three generations now – the Baby Boomers, Generation X, and the Millenials – experienced America as a suburban nation. That particular story – the Great Migration, White Flight, the GI Bill, the Eisenhower Interstates, Drive Till You Qualify, Subprime Mortgage Derivatives, etc – will not be rehashed here. What is interesting about that story, for my purposes, is the ending. For the first time in more than fifty years, the city has become the focus of the American way of life.1 Many of the most important questions of the twenty-first century have become about our cities: How tall should their buildings be? What should be their dominant mode of transportation? How can we integrate pedestrians and cyclists into our car-dominated landscape, and where can we eliminate cars altogether? How much should it cost to live in the city – and is there any way to make rent less damn high? What do we do with the wealth that cities create, and how much of that prosperity can and should be spread throughout the population? Most importantly, who or what – the market, the citizens, technocrats, bureaucrats, politicians, or some combination – will get to make all of these decisions? And lurking behind that last question: will any of these decisions even matter? Or will cities always resist humanity’s attempts to transform them through long-term planning? To distill it into the two most important issues: First, what do we want our cities to do, and how must they be organized to achieve that? Second, what can we do to bring about the cities that we desire? We must both choose the cities we want and find a way to make those cities into reality. These are the challenges facing urban theorists today, but these same challenges arose in the urban spaces of the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. To shed new light on these questions, I have assembled a counter-history, or at least an addendum, to the traditional narrative of American urban planning. To that end, I marshal 1 Although it is too early to fully tell, it does seem that, as the demographer William H. Frey puts it, the decrease in exurban growth “raises the prospect that we may be reaching a ‘new normal’ about where people decide to locate.” Whereas the past three generations preferred the suburbs to the city, there is a distinct possibility that economic, environmental, and social forces acting on future generations “will change perceptions of where to find their version of the American Dream.” 2 a diverse range of thinkers – including Henry Adams, Frederick Douglass, Daniel Burnham, Edith Wharton, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jacob Riis, William Dean Howells, Theodore Dreiser, and Jane Addams – all of whom have something to tell us about the shaping of cities in the Progressive Era. Some of them, like Burnham or Olmsted, are obvious parts of any narrative about American urban planning. Others, like Riis and Addams, are fellow travelers to the urban planning movement, and have garnered plenty of attention in the work done on cities in this era. To these primary and secondary figures in the story of American planning, I have added a number of American writers whose work illuminates or challenges the projects of urban reformers. As journalists, novelists, and memoirists, Adams, Douglass, Wharton, Howells and Dreiser were experiencing the same cities at the same time as the reformers, and they provide invaluable narratives about reform (and the lack thereof) in American cities. With a few exceptions, these men and women of letters tend to be more skeptical of rapid social change and human reason, and more likely to emphasize the organic roles that human nature and customs played in the formation of the city. For that reason, their accounts of these cities (both in their fictional and nonfictional works) are particularly useful for my purposes. My ultimate aim in this project is to show that Progressive Era thinkers theorized a vision of the city that could replace the older, agrarian ideal of America. Such a new ideal was vital because previous social observers had argued that an agrarian society, in which all citizens tilled the land and income inequality was negligible, was necessary for American democracy to work. Since America was becoming an urban and industrial country, multiplicitious in its languages, ethnicities, and religions, either the democratic project had to be given up or a new vision of society had to be articulated. Thomas Jefferson, the most 3 famous proponent of the agrarian ideal, thought it was the former, writing in Notes on the State of Virginia (1781): “The mobs of great cities add just so much to the support of pure government, as sores do to the strength of the human body” (171).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Realist Magic in the Fiction of William Dean Howells STEPHANIE C
    Realist Magic in the Fiction of William Dean Howells STEPHANIE C. PALMER 14LHEN the character Bartley Hubbard in William Dean Howells's A Modern In­ stance (1882) brags that the ideal newspaper would solicit "an account of suicide, or an elopement, or a murder, or an acci­ dent" from "every fellow that could spell, in any part of the country," he voices Howells's own misgivings about the sensa­ tional aspect of communication through mass culture.1 Rather than fostering cognitive and emotional connections between diverse social groups for the purpose of preventing further suf­ fering, newspaper accounts of personal calamities or large- scale industrial accidents in the late nineteenth century tried to thrill readers solely for the purposes of prestige and circula­ tion. Howells was not committed to determining how to pre­ vent suicide, murder, or industrial accidents, but he had a deep interest in determining what—if not sensational tales of for­ tune and disaster—would inspire people from different eco­ nomic, political, and religious backgrounds to see each other as respected members of a human community. Howells's key Nineteenth-Century Literature, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 210-236. ISSN: 0891-9356. © 2002 by The Regents of the University of California/Society. All rights reserved. Send requests for permission to reprint to: Rights and Permissions, University of California Press, Journals Division, 2000 Center Street, Suite 303, Berkeley, CA 94704-1223. 1 William Dean Howells, A Modern Instance, ed. George N. Bennett, David J. Nord- loh, and David Kleinman, vol. 10 of A Selected Edition of W. D.
    [Show full text]
  • Early 'Urban America'
    CCAPA AICP Exam Presentation Planning History, Theory, and Other Stuff Donald J. Poland, PhD, AICP Senior VP & Managing Director, Urban Planning Goman+York Property Advisors, LLC www.gomanyork.com East Hartford, CT 06108 860-655-6897 [email protected] A Few Words of Advice • Repetitive study over key items is best. • Test yourself. • Know when to stop. • Learn how to think like the test writers (and APA). • Know the code of ethics. • Scout out the test location before hand. What is Planning? A Painless Intro to Planning Theory • Rational Method = comprehensive planning – Myerson and Banfield • Incremental (muddling through) = win little battles that hopefully add up to something – Charles Lindblom • Transactive = social development/constituency building • Advocacy = applying social justice – Sherry Arnstein’s Ladder of Public Participation – Paul Davidoff – advocacy planning American Planning before 1800 • European Traditions – New England, New Amsterdam, & the village tradition – Tidewater and the ‘Town Acts’ – The Carolinas/Georgia and the Renaissance Style – L’Enfant, Washington D.C., & Baroque Style (1791) • Planning was Architectural • Planning was plotting street layouts • There wasn’t much of it… The 1800’s and Planning Issues • The ‘frontier’ is more distant & less appealing • Massive immigration • Industrialization & Urbanization • Problems of the Industrial City – Poverty, pollution, overcrowding, disease, unrest • Planning comes to the rescue – NYC as epicenter – Central Park 1853 – 1857 (Olmsted & Vaux) – Tenement Laws Planning Prior to WWI • Public Awareness of the Problems – Jacob Riis • ‘How the Other Half Lives’ (1890) • Exposed the deplorable conditions of tenement house life in New York City – Upton Sinclair • ‘The Jungle’ (1905) – William Booth • The Salvation Army (1891) • Solutions – Zoning and the Public Health Movement – New Towns, Garden Cities, and Streetcar Suburbs – The City Beautiful and City Planning Public Health Movement • Cities as unhealthy places – ‘The Great Stink’, Cholera, Tuberculosis, Alcoholism….
    [Show full text]
  • VILLAGE WIDE ARCHITECTURAL + HISTORICAL SURVEY Final
    VILLAGE WIDE ARCHITECTURAL + HISTORICAL SURVEY Final Survey Report August 9, 2013 Village of River Forest Historic Preservation Commission CONTENTS INTRODUCTION P. 6 Survey Mission p. 6 Historic Preservation in River Forest p. 8 Survey Process p. 10 Evaluation Methodology p. 13 RIVER FOREST ARCHITECTURE P. 18 Architectural Styles p. 19 Vernacular Building Forms p. 34 HISTORIC CONTEXT P. 40 Nineteenth Century Residential Development p. 40 Twentieth Century Development: 1900 to 1940 p. 44 Twentieth Century Development: 1940 to 2000 p. 51 River Forest Commercial Development p. 52 Religious and Educational Buildings p. 57 Public Schools and Library p. 60 Campuses of Higher Education p. 61 Recreational Buildings and Parks p. 62 Significant Architects and Builders p. 64 Other Architects and Builders of Note p. 72 Buildings by Significant Architect and Builders p. 73 SURVEY FINDINGS P. 78 Significant Properties p. 79 Contributing Properties to the National Register District p. 81 Non-Contributing Properties to the National Register District p. 81 Potentially Contributing Properties to a National Register District p. 81 Potentially Non-Contributing Properties to a National Register District p. 81 Noteworthy Buildings Less than 50 Years Old p. 82 Districts p. 82 Recommendations p. 83 INVENTORY P. 94 Significant Properties p. 94 Contributing Properties to the National Register District p. 97 Non-Contributing Properties to the National Register District p. 103 Potentially Contributing Properties to a National Register District p. 104 Potentially Non-Contributing Properties to a National Register District p. 121 Notable Buildings Less than 50 Years Old p. 125 BIBLIOGRAPHY P. 128 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS RIVER FOREST HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION David Franek, Chair Laurel McMahon Paul Harding, FAIA Cindy Mastbrook Judy Deogracias David Raino-Ogden Tom Zurowski, AIA PROJECT COMMITTEE Laurel McMahon Tom Zurowski, AIA Michael Braiman, Assistant Village Administrator SURVEY TEAM Nicholas P.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic & Business History
    This article was published online on April 26, 2019 Final version June 30, 2019 Essays in ECONOMIC & BUSINESS HISTORY The Journal of the Economic &Business History Society Editors Mark Billings, University of Exeter Daniel Giedeman, Grand Valley State University Copyright © 2019, The Economic and Business History Society. This is an open access journal. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ISSN 0896-226X LCC 79-91616 HC12.E2 Statistics and London Underground Railways STATISTICS: SPUR TO PRODUCTIVITY OR PUBLICITY STUNT? LONDON UNDERGROUND RAILWAYS 1913-32 James Fowler The York Management School University of York [email protected] A rapid deterioration in British railways’ financial results around 1900 sparked an intense debate about how productivity might be improved. As a comparison it was noted that US railways were much more productive and employed far more detailed statistical accounting methods, though the connection between the two was disputed and the distinction between the managerial and regulatory role of US statistical collection was unexplored. Nevertheless, The Railway Companies (Accounts and Returns) Act was passed in 1911 and from 1913 a continuous, detailed and standardized set of data was produced by all rail companies including the London underground. However, this did not prevent their eventual amalgamation into the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933 on grounds of efficiency. This article finds that despite the hopes of the protagonists, collecting more detailed statistics did not improve productivity and suggests that their primary use was in generating publicity to influence shareholders’, passengers’ and workers’ perceptions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rookery Building and Chicago-Kent
    Chicago-Kent College of Law Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law 125th Anniversary Materials 125th Anniversary 2-23-2013 The Rookery Building and Chicago-Kent A. Dan Tarlock Chicago-Kent College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/docs_125 Part of the Legal Commons, Legal Education Commons, and the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Tarlock, A. Dan, "The Rookery Building and Chicago-Kent" (2013). 125th Anniversary Materials. 12. https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/docs_125/12 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the 125th Anniversary at Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in 125th Anniversary Materials by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 14 Then & Now: Stories of Law and Progress Rookery Building, Historic American Buildings Survey, Library of Congress. THE ROOKERY BUILDING AND CHICAGO-KENT A. Dan Tarlock hicago-Kent traces its ori- sustain Chicago as a world city, thus gin to the incorporation of making it an attractive and exciting the Chicago College of Law in place to practice law to the benefit C1888. Chicago-Kent’s founding coin- of all law schools in Chicago in- cided with the opening of the Rook- cluding Chicago-Kent. ery Building designed by the preem- The Rookery is now a classic ex- inent architectural firm of Burnham ample of the first school of Chica- and Root. There is a direct connec- go architecture which helped shape tion between the now iconic Rook- modern Chicago and continues to ery Building, located at Adams and make Chicago a special place, de- LaSalle, and the law school building spite decades of desecration of this further west on Adams.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of Political Electricity: Market Failure Or Political Opportunism?
    THE ORIGINS OF POLITICAL ELECTRICITY: MARKET FAILURE OR POLITICAL OPPORTUNISM? Robert L. Bradley, Jr. * The current debate over restructuring the electric industry, which includes such issues as displacing the regulatory covenant, repealing the Public Utility Holding Company Act, and privatizing municipal power sys- tems, the Rural Utilities Service (formerly Rural Electrification Adminis- tration), and federally owned power systems, makes a look back at the origins of political electricity relevant. The thesis of this essay, that govern- ment intervention into electric markets was not the result of market fail- ures but, rather, represented business and political opportunism, suggests that the intellectual and empirical case for market-oriented reform is even stronger than would otherwise be the case. A major theme of applied political economy is the dynamics of gov- ernment intervention in the marketplace. Because interventions are often related, an analytical distinction can be made between basis point and cumulative intervention.' Basis point regulation, taxation, or subsidization is the opening government intervention into a market setting; cumulative intervention is further regulation, taxation, or subsidization that is attribu- table to the effects of prior (basis point or cumulative) intervention. The origins and maturation of political electricity, as will be seen, are interpret- able through this theoretical framework. The commercialization of electric lighting in the United States, suc- cessfully competing against gas lamps, kerosene lamps, and wax candles, required affordable generation, long distance transmission capabilities, and satisfactory illumination equipment. All three converged beginning in the 1870s, the most remembered being Thomas Edison's invention of the incandescent electric light bulb in 1878. - * Robert L.
    [Show full text]
  • New Dean Named Pg. 6 New Netflix Pg. 3 Volleyball Preview Pg. 4
    N September 28, 2011 Vol. 43 • No. 2 THE OMMUTER C Your Community Compass Facebook’s Facelift Marci Sischo Webmaster kay, everyone, take a deep breath. It’s not that bad. It’s not that great, but it’s not that bad. Facebook rolled out their new Newsfeed Tuesday. I got it Tuesday evening and responded im- mediately with “DAMMIT FACEBOOK. STOP CHANGING ALL THE THINGS.” I was Onot alone in my displeasure — my shiny new unreadable Newsfeed was flooded with bile and hatred for the changes. Alethea Skinner responded to my update with, “It’s like coming home in the dark and bang- ing into stuff because someone rearranged the furniture.” The new Newsfeed and Ticker aren’t all Facebook is changing, though. Yesterday’s Facebook devel- opers conference, F8, revealed huge changes ahead. There were two big reveals at F8: your new profile, called “Timeline,” and major changes in the way your actions and information are shared across Face- book. The Timeline is already rolling out to some users. I was able to switch my profile to the new Timeline last night through my developer account, but one of my FB buddies informs me they were offered the option to switch out of the blue yesterday evening. Facebook: continued on Pg. 16 New Netflix Volleyball Preview New Dean Named pg. 3 pg. 4 pg. 6 @lbcommuter Weather Wednesday-9/28 Thursday-9/29 Friday-9/30 Saturday-10/1 Sunday-10/2 Monday-10/3 Tuesday-10/4 The Commuter 75° 82° 76° 69° 66° 68° 62° Partly Sunny Sunny Cloudy Partly Sunny Partly Cloudy Rain Rain commuter.linnbenton.edu Warning: These are only predictions.
    [Show full text]
  • Stae
    GEORGE C. CARRINGTON, JR. STAe <ffnwnetibe The World and Art of the Howells Novel Ohio State University Press $6.25 THE IMMENSE COMPLEX DRAMA The World and Art of the Howells Novel GEORGE C. CARRINGTON, JR. One of the most productive and complex of the major American writers, William Dean Howells presents many aspects to his biogra­ phers and critics — novelist, playwright, liter­ ary critic, editor, literary businessman, and Christian Socialist. Mr. Carrington chooses Howells the novelist as the subject of this penetrating examination of the complex relationships of theme, subject, technique, and form in the world of Howells fiction. He attempts to answer such questions as, What happens if we look at the novels of Howells with the irreducible minimum of exter­ nal reference and examine them for meaning? What do their structures tell us? What are their characteristic elements? Is there significance in the use of these elements? In the frequency of their use? In the patterns of their use? Avoiding the scholar-critic's preoccupation with programmatic realism, cultural concerns, historical phenomena, and parallels and influ­ ences, Mr. Carrington moves from the world of technical criticism into Howells' fiction and beyond, into the modern world of anxious, struggling, middle-class man. As a result, a new Howells emerges — a Howells who interests us not just because he was a novelist, but because of the novels he wrote: a Howells who lives as an artist or not at all. George C. Carrington, Jr., is assistant pro­ fessor of English at the Case Institute of Tech­ nology in Cleveland, Ohio.
    [Show full text]
  • William Dean Howells and the Antiurban Tradition 55
    william dean howells and the antiurban tradition a reconsideration gregory I. crider The debate about William Dean Howells' attitudes toward the late nineteenth-century American city involve the much broader question of the place of antiurbanism in American thought. Responding to the charges of H. L. Mencken, Sinclair Lewis and other post-World War I critics who had condemned the author as a complacent symbol of the nineteenth-century literary establishment, scholars in the fifties and early sixties portrayed him as a Middle Western rural democrat who spent much of his adult life criticizing urban-industrial America.1 Unfortu­ nately, in attempting to revive Howells' reputation, these critics exag­ gerated his occasional nostalgia for the Ohio village of his youth, leaving the impression that he was an alienated critic of the city, if not genuinely antiurban. Although recent scholars have partly revised this view, critics have generally continued to accept the argument that the author's well- known affinity for socialism, together with his nostalgia for a vanishing countryside, left him an unswerving critic of the city.2 During the years in which scholars were discovering these antiurban sentiments, urban historians and sociologists began challenging the depth and cohesiveness of what had long been accepted as a monolithic, anti- urban tradition, dating back to Jefferson and Crevecoeur, and persisting through the transcendentalists, the pragmatists and literary naturalists, and the Chicago school of urban sociology, to the present. R.
    [Show full text]
  • Lillie Enclave” Fulham
    Draft London Plan Consultation: ref. Chapter 7 Heritage - Neglect & Destruction February 2018 The “Lillie Enclave” Fulham Within a quarter mile radius of Lillie Bridge, by West Brompton station is A microcosm of the Industrial Revolution - A part of London’s forgotten heritage The enclave runs from Lillie Bridge along Lillie Road to North End Road and includes Empress (formerly Richmond) Place to the north and Seagrave Road, SW6 to the south. The roads were named by the Fulham Board of Works in 1867 Between the Grade 1 Listed Brompton Cemetery in RBKC and its Conservation area in Earl’s Court and the Grade 2 Listed Hermitage Cottages in H&F lies an astonishing industrial and vernacular area of heritage that English Heritage deems ripe for obliteration. See for example, COIL: https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1439963. (Former HQ of Piccadilly Line) The area has significantly contributed to: o Rail and motor Transport o Building crafts o Engineering o Rail, automotive and aero industries o Brewing and distilling o Art o Sport, Trade exhibitions and mass entertainment o Health services o Green corridor © Lillie Road Residents Association, February1 2018 Draft London Plan Consultation: ref. Chapter 7 Heritage - Neglect & Destruction February 2018 Stanford’s 1864 Library map: The Lillie Enclave is south and west of point “47” © Lillie Road Residents Association, February2 2018 Draft London Plan Consultation: ref. Chapter 7 Heritage - Neglect & Destruction February 2018 Movers and Shakers Here are some of the people and companies who left their mark on just three streets laid out by Sir John Lillie in the old County of Middlesex on the border of Fulham and Kensington parishes Samuel Foote (1722-1777), Cornishman dramatist, actor, theatre manager lived in ‘The Hermitage’.
    [Show full text]
  • CHICAGO: City of Possibilities, Plans, Progress
    CHICAGO: City of Possibilities, Plans, Progress A Guide and Resources to Build Chicago Progress into the 8th Grade Curriculum With Literacy and Critical Thinking Skills November 2009 Presenting sponsor for education Sponsor for eighth grade pilot program BOLD PLANS Chicago: City of Possibilities, Plans, Progress BIG DREAMS “Our children must never lose their zeal for building a better world. They must not be discouraged from aspiring toward greatness, for they are to be the leaders of tomorrow.” Mary McLeod Bethune “Our children shall be taught that they are the coming responsible heads of their various communities.” Wacker Manual, 1911 Chicago, City of Possibilities, Plans, and Progress 2 More Resources: http://teacher.depaul.edu/ and http://burnhamplan100.uchicago.edu/ BOLD PLANS Chicago: City of Possibilities, Plans, Progress BIG DREAMS Table of Contents Teacher Preview …………………………………………………………….4 Unit Plan …………………………………………………………………11 Part 1: Chicago, A History of Choices and Changes ……………………………13 Part 2: Your Community Today………………………………………………….37 Part 3: Plan for Community Progress…………………………………………….53 Part 4: The City Today……………………………………………………………69 Part 5: Bold Plans. Big Dreams. …………………………………………………79 Chicago, City of Possibilities, Plans, and Progress 3 More Resources: http://teacher.depaul.edu/ and http://burnhamplan100.uchicago.edu/ BOLD PLANS Chicago: City of Possibilities, Plans, Progress BIG DREAMS Note to Teachers A century ago, the bold vision of Daniel Burnham and Edward Bennett’s The Plan of Chicago transformed 1909’s industrial city into the attractive global metropolis of today. The 100th anniversary of this plan gives us all an opportunity to examine both our city’s history and its future. The Centennial seeks to inspire current civic leaders to take full advantage of this moment in time to draw insights from Burnham’s comprehensive and forward-looking plan.
    [Show full text]
  • LUCAS CULTURAL ARTS MUSEUM MAYOR’S TASK FORCE REPORT | CHICAGO May 16, 2014
    THE LUCAS CULTURAL ARTS MUSEUM MAYOR’S TASK FORCE REPORT | CHICAGO May 16, 2014 Mayor Rahm Emanuel City Hall - 121 N LaSalle St. Chicago, IL 60602 Dear Mayor Emanuel, As co-chairs of the Lucas Cultural Arts Museum Site Selection Task Force, we are delighted to provide you with our report and recommendation for a site for the Lucas Cultural Arts Museum. The response from Chicagoans to this opportunity has been tremendous. After considering more than 50 sites, discussing comments from our public forum and website, reviewing input from more than 300 students, and examining data from myriad sources, we are thrilled to recommend a site we believe not only meets the criteria you set out but also goes beyond to position the Museum as a new jewel in Chicago’s crown of iconic sites. Our recommendation offers to transform existing parking lots into a place where students, families, residents, and visitors from around our region and across the globe can learn together, enjoy nature, and be inspired. Speaking for all Task Force members, we were both honored to be asked to serve on this Task Force and a bit awed by your charge to us. The vision set forth by George Lucas is bold, and the stakes for Chicago are equally high. Chicago has a unique combination of attributes that sets it apart from other cities—a history of cultural vitality and groundbreaking arts, a tradition of achieving goals that once seemed impossible, a legacy of coming together around grand opportunities, and not least of all, a setting unrivaled in its natural and man-made beauty.
    [Show full text]