Racism, Revolution, Reaction 1861-1877 NNEW E W OORLEANS. RLEANS, 1874 WWh1tc hite LeagueLec1gue forces attack the RadicalRad1cal state government Racism, Revolution, Reaction 1861-1877 THE RISE AND FALL OF RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION Peter Came jo PATHFINDER NEW YORK LONDON MONTREAL SYDNEY Copyright © 1976 by Pathfinder Press All rights reserved ISBN 0-87348-821-0 paper; ISBN 0-913460-49-4 cloth Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 76-24184 Manufactured in the United States of America First edition, 1976 Sixth printing, 2001 Pathfinder 410 West Street, New York, NY 10014, U.S.A. Fax: (212) 727-0150 E-mail:
[email protected] PATHFINDER DISTRIBUTORS AROUND THE WORLD: Australia (and Asia and the Pacific): Pathfinder, 176 Redfern St., 1st floor, Redfern, NSW 2016 Postal address: P.O. Box K879, Haymarket, NSW 1240 Canada: Pathfinder, 2761 Dundas St. West, Toronto, ON, M6P 1Y4 Iceland: Pathfinder, Klapparstig 26, 2d floor, 101 Reykjavik Postal address: P. Box 0233, IS 121 Reykjavik New Zealand: Pathfinder, P.O. Box 3025, Auckland Sweden: Pathfinder, Domargrand 16, S-129 47, Hagersten United Kingdom (and Europe, Africa except South Africa, and Middle East): Pathfinder, 47 The Cut, London, SE1 8LL United States (and Caribbean, Latin America, and South Africa): Pathfinder, 410 West Street, New York, NY 10014 CONTENTS Introduction 7 1 Between two revolutions 13 2 Wage workers and the Civil War 34 3 Class alignments in the South after A ppom attox 55 4 The rise o f Radical Reconstruction 7 1 5 Class struggle under the Radical regimes 95 6 The industrial capitalists consolidate their victory I 18 1 C ounterrevolution— the Mississippi model 157 8 The final defeat 179 9 The Republican Party’s betrayal 192 10 Industrial capitalism and Conservative rule 214 I I Racism and historical mythology 236 12 Therm idor 260 Notes 283 Bibliography 291 Index 299 INTRODUCTION This 200th year since the Declaration of Independence also marks the 111th year since slavery was abolished.