Annual Report 2010

Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Annual Report 2010

Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Cover photos, anti-clockwise: 1. The finished Tropical Energy Plants Collection; 2. Red-whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus); 3. A huge Koompassia excelsa tree in a forest in SE Borneo; March 31, 2011 4. Nigel MARVEN in the garden; 5. Accompanied by Prof. CAO Min, Cambodian delegation visiting XTBG Herbarium; 6. AFEC-X 2010 opening ceremony at XTBG; 7. Low Carbon Ambassador from the local school. Photo by YE Chenxi CONTENTS

SCIENCE...... 2

Project Development...... 4

Research Progress and Outreach Highlights...... 7

Improvement of Research Facility...... 26

Conferences and Symposia...... 28

HORTICULTURE...... 38

Photo by YE Chenxi PUBLIC EDUCATION...... 46

PARTNERSHIP...... 54

Domestic...... 55 Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG), XTBG’s vision: Abroad...... 62 Chinese Academy of Sciences is a non-profit, Desirable base for plant diversity conservation and ecological studies. comprehensive botanical garden involved in TALENT TRAINING AND TEAM BUILDING...... 64 scientific research, plant diversity conservation Noah’s Ark for tropical plants. and public science education, affiliated directly to Graduate Education...... 65 the Chinese Academy of Sciences. XTBG’s mission: Promote science development and environmental Talent Training...... 67 conservation through implementing scientific Team Building...... 68 research on ecology and plant diversity conservation, horticultural exhibition, and public education. VISITS...... 70

FINANCIAL REVIEW...... 78

PUBLICATIONS...... 80 In 2010, XTBG received 31.2 million Yuan in research funds from 61 new projects: 12 projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; 4 projects supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology; 8 projects supported by other Ministries in China; 2 projects funded by Yunnan Provincial Fund for Natural Sciences; 11 projects supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences; 5 projects funded by the CAS “Light in Western China” program; 13 projects funded by local government, enterprises and international agencies; 2 international projects.

Also this year, XTBG researchers have achieved the following: 91 research articles published on internationally peer-reviewed scientific journals (Source Journals of ISI Web of Science); 77 research articles published on CSCD (Chinese Science Citation Database) refereed journals; 1 monograph published; 7 patented inventions; 1 registered new plant variety.

Science

Photo by YE Chenxi Annual Report 2010   students obtained their The evaluation committee led Project Development degrees. The project was by Science and Technology nd National S&T project “Integration and demonstration also awarded the 2 prize of Department of Guizhou Agricultural Harvest in Guizhou Province recognized the of key-techniques on the rehabilitation of eco- Province, and the 1st prize of effectiveness of this project. environment in Karst mountain areas” pass the final Science & Technology Progress evaluation with promising output of Bijie Prefecture, Guizhou Province. On November 4, 2010, scientists documented and assessed and government officials land use change, examined the gathered at XTBG to evaluate the potential for rehabilitation of final-report of a project granted different plant communities, by the National Science and investigated the selection of CAS Key Project of Knowledge Innovation Engineering On-site final evaluation meeting Technology Support Program native plants, and optimized “Responses and acclimation of the typical subalpine at XTBG. of China “The Integration the ecological cycle of breeding forest ecosystems in SW China to global climate and demonstration of key- modes. Based on the data change” initiated techniques in the rehabilitation collected, the project team of eco-environment in Karst developed multiple solutions Global change is one of the important native plant species mountain areas”. and techniques integrating hottest issues in Ecology. to climate change in Sothern- soil and water conservation. Xishuangbanna Tropical west China. This work was With a total funding of 45.95 By planting grass, raising Botanical Garden,in cooperation supported by the Chinese million Yuan, XTBG launched livestock embryo transfer, with Kunming Institute of Academy of Sciences through this project in January 2006 raising varieties of livestock Botany, Chengdu Institute the Key Project of Knowledge with the aim to provide and poultry adaptable to local of Biology, and Wuhan Innovation Engineering of CAS scientific basis for the environment, and standardized Botanical Garden, was funded (KSCX2-YW-Z-1019). The total restoration of degraded Karst the planting practice of Chinese to explore the ecological fund of this 2-year project is 2 environment. herbs, the research team effects, the responses of million Yuan. vulnerable ecosystems and Armed with his extensive improved the rehabilitation their acclimation mechanisms experience in ecological of the Karst mountain areas. to global climate change. restoration of Karst mountain Good ecological, social and Leaded by Prof. FENG Yulong landscape, the principal economic benefits have been of XTBG, this research aimed investigator, Prof. LIU Wenyao, achieved through promotion to investigate the responses carried out research in Bijie and implementation of these of alien plant species and area of Guizhou Province, SW patterns and technologies. China. Due to the complex After years of intensive nature of the project, research work, over 40 articles have teams from diverse expertise been published and 3 patent were brought together to applications have been filed. accomplished the task. Experts 2 PhD students and 45 Master

Annual Report 2010   Research Progress and Outreach Highlights “Who” Shapes the Spatial Genetic Structure of Plant Populations? DNA barcode is similar to barcodes used to tag retail products in The spatial genetic structure layer of seasonal rain forest supermarkets. (SGS) of a plant population is in Xishuangbanna area as “DNA barcoding of trees in the 20-ha Xishuangbanna mainly determined by gene the study object. By field tropical seasonal rainforest dynamics plot” flow via seed and pollen, investigation on the spatial various natural selection pattern of plant individuals and DNA barcoding is a diagnostic Plant DNA Barcoding Working pressures and spatial patterns seed rain, observation on seed technique for species Group, 3 plastid fragments- of existing plants. The study dispersers, parentage analyses identification using short matK、rbcL、trnH-psbA and about the roles of those factors on gene flow and comparative standardized DNA regions. Five one nuclear fragment nrITS in shaping SGS has been the study on SGS of different age research groups from XTBG were amplified and sequenced. focus in ecology for many years. cohorts, they found that seed collaborated in a cooperative DNA barcoding will help to TOP Ficus cyrtophylla (Wall. ex However, for the complexity, to dispersal by three mid-sized project, “DNA barcoding the inventory biodiversity in Miq.) Miq. disentangle the roles of those bulbuls and pollen dispersal trees of 20-ha Xishuangbanna species-rich geographic areas, ABOVE Red-whiskered bulbul factors still requires further by Kradibia wasps initially tropical seasonal rainforest and provide basic information (Pycnonotus jocosus). investigation. determined the cluster spatial dynamics plot”. They sampled for other biological disciplines pattern and significant SGS approximate 2,000 plants such as community ecology, Fig plants are best known for of F. cyrtophylla, whereas and selected 743 samples phylogenetics. their species-specific interactions demographic selection effects representing 70 families, with pollinating wasps, and they during recruitment (density- 213 genus, and 468 species. are also cognized as the key food dependent predation and Following guidelines from the resources for tropical frugivores. competition) could lead to the For such a special group, decrease in individual number understanding the contributions and the loss of SGS. of seed dispersers and wasp pollinators to gene flow and This study clarified clearly the genetic structure is always a relative importance of different central question. XTBG PhD factors in different recruitment candidate ZHOU Huiping and stages of plant populations. her supervisor Prof. CHEN Their findings have been Jin selected an understorey published in Journal of Ecology. dioecious fig species (Ficus cyrtophylla) occurring in the understorey or mid-canopy

Annual Report 2010   Disturbance result in community assemblages of published a method to analyze useful for associating genetic closely related species short-read sequence in the differences with phenotypic journal Molecular Ecology. or geographic variation. At Dr. Matthew HELMUS, a postdoc The authors tested the hypothesis Most comparative genomic the population level in an from the Ecological Evolution with 18 disturbed and 16 analyses of short-read sequence endangered timber species, Group, made a hypothesis reference whole-lake, long- (SRS) data rely upon the numerous markers were that disturbance should result term zooplankton data sets. prior assembly of a reference identified that could potentially in community assemblages When disturbed, communities sequence. They presented an determine geographic origin of closely related species. The generally contained more assembly free analysis pipeline of individuals and regulate research observation entitled closely related species, of SRS data that discovers international trade. The authors regardless of disturbance type. sequence variants among observed that the genomic data They also discovered that the focal genomes by tabulating for the four fig species analyzed effect was independent of the presence and frequency were more divergent than for species richness, evenness, and of ‘complex’ fragments in the stone oak species, possibly due abundance. Species sensitivities data. Using data from nine tree to their complex pollination to specific disturbances were species, the team compared syndrome and high rates of gene phylogenetically conserved, genomic diversity at different flow. This new approach greatly were independent of body taxonomic levels. As a control, enhances the application of SRS size, and could be predicted SRS data for three known plant technology to the study of non- by the sensitivities of close genomes were simulated. The model organisms and directly relatives within same community. results provide insight into the identifies the most informative Thus, the authors propose quality and distributional bias genetic elements for more phylogentetic relatedness to of the sequencing reaction. detailed study and assembly. act as an effective proxy for Three main types of informative Dr. Matthew HELMUS (right 1), “Communities contain closely celebrating X’mas with team missing trait information “complexmers” were identified, members in XTBG. related species during ecosystem when predicting community each possessing unique disturbance” has been published and species responses to statistical properties. Type I in the prestigious journalEcology disturbance. complexmers are unique to Letters. a genome but suffer from a high false positive rate, being highly dependent on read coverage and distribution. Type Assembly free comparative genomics of short- II complexmers are shared read sequence data discovers the needles in the between two genomes and haystack can highlight potential copy- number differences. Type III In Feb 2010, Prof. Chuck KUA and members of the complexmers are exclusive to a CANNON, Asst Prof. Chai-Shian Ecological Evolution group subset of genomes and can be

Annual Report 2010   Why do stigmas move in a flexistylous plant? candidate ZHU Xingfu found flowers of distylous Primula LI et al. (2001) defined a flowers. The pollen donors secundiflora were frequently new mechanism of stylar were either manipulated so robbed by Bombus richardsi polymorphism – Flexistyly, their stigmas could not move and robbing holes were always involving both spatial and or were left intact, and their situated between high and low temporal segregation of sex success was determined by sexual organs for both floral roles within hermaphroditic using allozymes to assess morphs. Using manipulative flowers. They made a new the paternity of recipient experiment, they proved nectar progress in this year. Using the seeds. They found that robbers touch low sexual organs experimental manipulation the manipulated flowers and thus transfer pollen grains LI Qingjun (left) and ZHU Xinfu of stigma movement in self- sired a significantly smaller from pin flowers to thrum selective agent in floral fitness (right), in the “nectar robber” compatible Alpinia mutica, proportion of seeds, showing flowers. Such asymmetrical and evolution of distyly. This research site. XTBG postdoctoral researcher that stigma movement pollen flow caused by nectar research has been published at SUN Shan and his supervisor in unmanipulated plants robbers may act as an important Biology Letters. Prof. LI Qingjun tested the increased male fitness. This hypothesis that selection for result was strongest under reducing interference between conditions in which pollen male and female function competition was expected to Mass fruiting in Borneo: a missed opportunity Cover of Journal of Evolutionary drives the evolution and ⁄ be highest, especially when Biology. In the October 29, 2010 issue future seed crops is unknown. or maintenance of stigma pollinators visited multiple of Science magazine, a group of These seed crops will be a movement. In experimental donor plants before visiting twenty-five tropical biologists major source of biodiversity arrays, ana fl existylous recipient flowers. This result published a brief letter to and genetic wealth, so (protogynous) flowers served has been published as the the editor about the recent international and national as pollen donors competing cover story at Journal of occurrence of a general fruiting organizations should prepare for mating opportunities on Evolutionary Biology. event in the rainforests on infrastructure and expertise cataflexistylous (protandrous) the island of Borneo. The to take advantage of the next letter states the importance fruiting event, because the of these events to the future seeds are highly perishable. of forest restoration efforts in Two faculty members from Robber-like pollination in a distylous plant Indonesia. The seeds of most XTBG, Prof. Chuck CANNON tropical species cannot be and Assoc. Prof. Rhett D. “Nectar robbing” occurs providing a pollination service, stored and must germinate HARRISON, contributed to the commonly in flowering plants, so they have frequently been and survive as small seedlings. letter. They have extensive especially those with tubular described as cheaters in the The fruiting events in Borneo experience working in the flowers of flowers with plant-pollinator mutualism are unpredictable and only rainforest of Borneo. nectar spurs. Nectar robbers system. Under the guidance of occur infrequently which usually obtain reward without Prof. LI Qingjun, XTBG Master means that the availability of

Annual Report 2010 10 11 Water uptake patterns of two canopy tree species Noxious invasive Eupatorium adenophorum may in the tropical rainforest be a moving target

Radiation fog has been suggested tapping water mostly from Eupatorium adenophorum is one the nutrient exchange between as an important source of depths greater than 60 cm or of the most noxious perennial shoots and roots. This ant showed moisture in tropical seasonal from groundwater, with about invasive weeds in six provinces selectivity for the invader to rainforest of Xishuangbanna 28–46% of its water from of SW China. The mechanisms some extent. Their observation during the dry season, yet its shallow soil, suggesting that underlying its invasion success showed that this ant may have it relies predominantly on its are still poorly understood. potential for use as a biocontrol deep taproot for water uptake. Prof. FENG Yulong and his team agent against E. adenophorum. During the dry season, when observed that Dorylus orientalis, The finding of D. orientalis and fog was most frequent, 23– a polyphagous ant feeding on other native enemies indicate 59% of the water used by P. E. adenophorum, which create that E. adenophorum may tomentosa seedling came from damage to the epidermis, gradually naturalize in introduced fog water after it had dropped cortex, phloem, cambium, and landscapes. from tree foliage into the xylem tissues of roots and stems Their observation was published soil, indicating that fog water around the root collar of the as cover story on Chinese Science Ants are nibbling root collar of was an important source for weed. This resulted in the death Bulletin. Ageratina adenophora. seedling growth, especially at of the plants by interrupting the peak of the dry season. Since both seedlings and Fog-inundated tropical rainforest importance for the plants which shallow-rooted understory in Xishuangbanna during the dry inhabit this ecosystem is virtually season. species require moisture and New evidence for explain honey bee’s Colony unknown. Prof. LIU Wenjie cool conditions to regenerate, Collapse Disorder (CCD) assessed patterns of water it might be expected that uptake by two major seasonal some other tree seedlings The common hive bee Apis these factors and CCD. The group So the phenolic-concentrated rainforest canopy tree and understory species also mellifera has recently experienced of Prof. LIU Fanglin examined nectar could disturb the species in this area. Results partially rely on fog moisture a puzzling phenomenon, termed the effect of nectar phenolics phenomenal communication in indicated that evergreen during the pronounced dry as Colony Collapse Disorder on social organization of a bee honeybee colonies. This study Gironniera subaequalis tree season, but further research (CCD), in which foraging bees colony. The result showed that provides insights into a possible, appeared to be acquiring water is needed. This research has mysteriously disappeared from worker bees fed sugar solution unsuspected cause of CCD. This preferentially from the upper been published at Agricultural the hives. Most researchers with high concentration of nectar work has been published in 50 cm of the soil profile, with and Forest Meteorology. suggest that the potential phenolics were more likely to Journal of Chemical Ecology. around 53–72% of its water factors causing CCD including initiate ovarian development from shallow soil. In contrast, malnutrition, bee diseases, and and built many queen cells in brevi-deciduous Pometia other environmental stresses. their colony throughout the tomentosa tree seemed to be However, no cause relationship feeding trial. Also, these workers has been established between frequently attacked their queen.

Annual Report 2010 12 13 Aboveground biomass of tropical forests in Borneo to protect the relatively low is 60% higher than those of Amazonia diversity peat-swamp forests instead of the highly diverse A recent study led by Prof. Ferry trees in Asia turned out to surrounding forests on mineral SLIK revealed a surprising finding be the only factor that could soils. This makes it necessary to about the biomass of tropical explain the observed biomass adapt REDD programs so that forests. This study used tree difference between the two they include some measure inventory data to calculate forest continents. As a follow up, Prof. of biodiversity protection as aboveground biomass values for SLIK is now exploring a pan- well. Those results have been more than 80 locations across tropical biomass data set to try published in Global Ecology Borneo with the aim to find to explain the differences in and Biogeography and Carbon correlations between biomass large tree density and biomass Balance and Management. and environmental variables across the tropics. such as elevation, climate and In close relation to the Borneo soils. It found that forest biomass A huge Koompassia excelsa tree in findings, Prof. SLIK was also in Borneo was mainly driven by a forest in SE Borneo. involved in another publication annual rainfall amounts and soil that showed that efforts to fertility. The resulting modeling protect tropical forests via equations were then used to the ‘Reduced Emissions from predict the biomass of forests Deforestation and Degradation’ Forest above ground biomass for which no tree inventory Respiration controls the unexpected seasonal pattern (REDD) might not automatically model for Borneo developed in data was available, resulting in of carbon fux in an Asian tropical rain forest Prof. SLIK’s Lab. lead to better protection a potential biomass map for the of biodiversity. In Borneo, whole island of Borneo. Tropical rain forests play for this seasonal pattern. The the forests with the highest important roles in the global annual net uptake of CO2 by When these outcomes were combined above- and below- carbon cycle. Prof. ZHANG Yiping the forest varied from 0.98 to compared with other tropical ground biomass are the peat- and his research team discovered 2.35 metric tons of carbon per regions where such analysis swamp forests. Although a six-year eddy covariance carbon hectare between 2003 and have also been performed, it these forests are quite diverse flux campaign in a primary 2008. Six-year averaged sink Six-year averaged seasonal variation

was immediately clear that in plants and animals, they tropical seasonal rain forest in strength was 1.68 metric tons of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE). Borneo’s forest biomass was, contain far fewer plant and Southwest China. An unexpected of carbon per hectare. Their Shaded area represents the rainy season. The error bar was standard on average, as much as 60% animal species than the lowland seasonal pattern of net ecosystem foundings have been published error of six years. higher than that of comparable Dipterocarp forests on mineral carbon exchange was detected, in Atmospheric Environment. areas in the Amazon. This soils that cover a large part of with carbon lost during the difference could not be linked Borneo. Focusing REDD projects rainy season and stored in the to differences in climate or only on forests containing the dry season. Strong seasonality soils, and eventually the high highest carbon content might of ecosystem respiration was density of large Dipterocarp in this case lead to the decision suggested to primarily account

Annual Report 2010 14 15 MicroRNA395 mediates regulation of sulfate accumulation and allocation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Sulfur is one of the macronutrients Arabidopsis leaves. necessary for plant growth and Another phenotype of transgenic development. Sulfate, a major plants is the disruption of sulfate source of sulfur nutrient, is transport from mature to young up-taken by plant roots and leaves. The overexpression of then transported into different miR395 led to the suppression of tissues for assimilation. miR395 SULTR2;1 gene (another target is a conserved plant microRNA, of miR395). By analysis of T-DNA which is induced dramatically insertion mutants, the normal Research team led by Prof. YU Diqiu. by sulfate starvation. However, sulfate transport of sultr2;1 it is unclear how miR395 mutants was despaired, which regulates sulfate metabolism in phenocopied the transgenic plants. Wounding-Induced WRKY8 Is Involved in Basal plants. Defense in Arabidopsis To investigate the functions XTBG PhD LIANG Gang and his of miR395, transgenic plants The WRKY family of plant were correlated with opposite supervisor Prof. YU Diqiu revealed over-expressing miR395 were transcription factors controls effects on pathogen-induced that miR395 mediates sulfate constructed and found to several types of plant stress expression of two genes; salicylic accumulation and allocation by over-accumulate sulfate in the responses. Arabidopsis WRKY8 acid-regulated PATHOGENESIS- regulating three ATP sulfurylases leaves. In contrast, the mutants is induced by both biotic and RELATED1(PR1) and jasmonic acid- (APS) and one sulfate transporter of ATP genes (three targets of abiotic stress factors, such as ABA, regulated PDF1.2. Therefore, Prof. (SULTR2;1) in Arabidopsis. The miR395) also contained higher H2O2, wounding, Pseudomonas YU Diqiu and his research team paper, entitled “MicroRNA395 sulfate content than wild syringae and Botrytis cinerea found that WRKY8 is a negative mediates regulation of sulfate type leaves. Correspondingly, infection, and aphid and maggot regulator of basal resistance to P. accumulation and allocation these three APS genes were feeding. The wrky8 mutant Plants syringae and positive regulator to in Arabidopsis thaliana”, was down-regulated significantly showed increased resistance to B. cinerea. Their results support published in The Plant Journal. in transgenic plants. These P. syringae but slightly decreased the existing of trade-off between results establish a link between resistance to B. cinerea. In SA-dependent and JA-dependent the decrease of APS genes contrast, transgenic plants defense against biotrophic and and the increase of sulfate in over-expressing WRKY8 were necrotrophic pathogens. These more susceptible to P. syringae results have been published infection, but more resistant to B. in Molecular Plant-Microbe cinerea infection. The contrasting Interactions. responses to the two pathogens

Annual Report 2010 16 17 Research advances in Lauraceae

The genus Neocinnamomum H. which the main axis is racemose Liu is one of the most enigmatic and the branches are cymose) groups in Lauraceae, with six seen in N. caudatum is reduced species endemic to tropical to the few- to many-flowered to subtropical Asia. In the condensed inflorescences with Dracaena cambodiana LEFT past Neocinnamomum was a poorly defined branching RIGHT Kmeria septentrionalis considered to be close to system seen in most species, Research advances in conservation genetics of two Cinnamomum. In contrast, and ultimately to the 1-flowered endangered plants recent molecular phylogenetic inflorescence seen in N. studies in Lauraceae have atjehense. Neocinnamomum Kmeria septentrionalis , ornamental and ecological revealed novel but conflicting is more closely related to a dioecious treefound in values, an appropriate phylogenetic relationships for the genus Caryodaphnopsis isolatedrelicpopulations in conservation program is Neocinnamomum, and the than to the genus Cassytha. Southern China, is subject urgently needed to prevent previously suggested affinity Caryodaphnopsis a n d to extensive protection further loss of D. cambodiana. w i t h C i n n a m o m u m w a s Neocinnamomum may be the due to its rarity and high 16 polymorphism microsatellite rejected. descendants of Laurasian economic values. To improve (SSR) markers have been Cretaceous Lauraceae. These Using psbA–trnH, trnK cpDNA conservation outcomes, developed using the Fast analyses further suggest regions, and the ITS nrDNA information on spatial genetic Isolation by AFLP of Sequences that Neocinnamomum may segment, XTBG Master structure of the species was Containing Repeats (FIASCO) be one of the basal groups candidate WANG Zhihua and studied by used of fluorescent protocol, which is a very in Lauraceae. Their results, his supervisor Prof. LI Jie from AFLP (Amplified Fragment important step to gain managed entitled “Phylogeny of the the Plant Phylogenetics and Length Polymorphism). This and protected information forD. Southeast Asian endemic Conservation Group (PPCG) study reveals a coarse and fine cambodiana. genus Neocinnamomum H. Liu ), conducted a phylogenetic scale genetic structure of the (Lauraceae)”, reported in Plant ZHAO Jianli and ZHANG Lu analysis of Neocinnamomum relic populations. The results Systematics and Evolution under the guidance of Assoc. . suggest that a) outbreeding by using the materials of five Prof. LI Qiaoming, from the depression should be avoided Neocinnamomum species and Plant Phylogenetics and when introducing, b) ex situ 15 species from the related Conservation Group (PPCG) collection, seed bank and DNA genera in Lauraceae. They found at XTBG, have finished these bank should be carried out. that Neocinnamomum was works. Preliminary results have monophyletic. The compound Dracaena cambodiana is been published in Genetica thyrse (a dense flower cluster in an endangered species, and American Journal of narrowly distributed in China Botany respectively. and the Indochina Peninsula. Considering its medicinal,

Annual Report 2010 18 19 Contrasting cost–benefit strategy between lianas and Tree ring recorded May–August temperature trees in a tropical seasonal rain forest in SW China variations since A.D. 1585

Under the guidance of Prof. and a shorter leaf life span. XTBG PhD candidate FANG Zexin linked to the occurrence of CAO Kunfang, PhD candidate Trees showed the opposite and his supervisor, Prof. CAO strong volcanic eruptions during ZHU Shidan compared trends. These traits give lianas Kunfang, developed 595-year this period. Since 1970s, the leaf construction cost, leaf a competitive advantage tree ring-width chronology from Gaoligong Mountains has shown nutrients and photosynthetic over trees in open tropical Larix speciosa W. C. Cheng near continuous warming trend. Spatial rates between leaves from forest habitats. These could the timberlines of the Gaoligong correlations with gridded land 18 liana species and 19 also benefit lianas more Mountains, Southeastern Tibetan surface temperatures revealed tree species in a tropical than trees in terms of an Plateau. They investigated the that this historical reconstruction seasonal rain forest in SW increased productivity from May–August temperature is representative of the regional China. Their results revealed the increasing atmospheric variability since A.D. 1585, and climate change in Gaoligong

that lianas were located at CO 2 concentration. Their the findings indicate that cold Mountains. Comparison the quick-return end of the results have been published in conditions prevailed during with other tree ring-based leaf economics spectrum, Oecologia. the periods 1600s, 1730–40s, temperature reconstructions with higher photosynthetic 1760s, 1810–20s, 1850s, 1910s from the Southeastern Tibetan rates, higher photosynthetic FANG Zexin, in the Gaoligong and 1960–70s in the 420-year Plateau implies a high degree of nitrogen and phosphorus Mountains. temperature reconstruction. confidence. Their work has been use efficiencies, a lower leaf The 1810–20s stand out as published in Palaeogeography, construction cost per unit leaf the coldest period. It may be Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. area and cost-benefit ratio,

Study on photoinhibition and subsequent recovery TOP Liana species in tropical in tropical tree species rain forest in Xishuangbanna, SW China. Differentiation of leaf water flux and drought tolerance traits in Ficus tree species Tropical plants are sensitive to The most sensitive species, ABOVE Ficus concinna of epiphytic chilling temperatures above Erythrophleum guineense, failed (left) and terrestrial (right) stages zero but the mechanism is still to recover from the severe strangling their host palm trees in Under the guidance of Prof. to persist under drought, and unclear. PhD candidate HUANG photoinhibition of PSII induced Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical CAO Kunfang, PhD candidate vice versa. Species adaptation Wei and his supervisor, Prof. by the chilling-and- light stress. It Garden. HAO Guanyou compared the to habitats with contrasting CAO Kunfang, studied the effect also failed in the recovery of the differentiation of leaf water flux demands on leaf function may of the chilling temperature quantity of efficient PSI complex. and drought tolerance traits lead to divergence along a leaf associated with various light This would be fatal because the in leaves of five hemiepiphytic water-flux-drought tolerance densities on PSII and PSI in treated leaves died. Their results and five non-hemiepiphytic spectrum. Their results the potted seedlings of four have important implications for Ficus tree species grown in a reported in Functional Ecology. tropical evergreen tree species the understanding of the chilling common garden. Their results grown in an open field. Their sensitivity of chilling-sensitive revealed that hemiepiphytic results indicate that PSII is more species under natural conditions. Ficus tree species had lower sensitive to chilling temperature This work has been published in xylem water transport capacity, under the moderate light Photosynthesis Research. but tighter stomatal control than PSI in tropical trees. This and greater ability of leaves contradicts the previous findings.

Annual Report 2010 20 21 The regeneration characteristics and potential of Introduction and plantation of sandalwood on degraded forest edge vegetation in subtropical tropical degraded uplands a success montane evergreen broad-leaved forest

As a result of long-term human jingdongensis were found, Prof. LIU Wenyao and his sandalwood has considerable activity, subtropical montane whereas the abundance of research team of XTBG have potential to be used as an evergreen broad-leaved forest in early pioneer shrub species paid considerable attention agroforestry tree species many areas worldwide has been and herbaceous cover was to the research into the in degraded mountanious degraded and fragmented. The significantly greater. The richness biology and ecology of Indian ecosystems. Commercialization degradation is especially severe of primary species showed sandalwood (Santalum album). of planting of sandalwood and at the edges. Few studies have a decrease with increasing They introduced seeds of nut yields would be possible. been carried out to investigate distances from the forest edge Santalum album from Australia the regeneration of primary to the exterior, particularly of and conducted studies of forest species, especially of medium-seeded primary species flowering, fruiting, germination dominant species, along an showing a drastic decrease. and early seedling growth of interior-edge-exterior gradient. Moreover, no large-seeded Santalum album. Afterwards, primary species occurred at they carried out experiment Aiming at quantifying the spatial the distances > 60 m. This on agroforestry plantation of distribution of primary forest study indicates that the forest Santalum album with other species along the forest-field edge as a buffer zone may be economic plants like mango gradients, Prof. LIU Wenyao favorable for primary species and teak. With a number of and his team conducted regeneration. Dense shrub and trees flowering and producing field observations on forest herbaceous layer, and the ability fruits, the experiment has been regeneration pattern of forest for the seed to disperse may be proved to be successful. edge in subtropical montane the major limiting factors for the evergreen broad-leaved forest In response to vegetation forest regeneration farther from in Ailao Mountain, SW China. restoration of degraded the forest edge. The evidence Their results revealed that there ecosystems, Prof. LIU Wenyao suggests that management was a higher abundance and and his team cooperated should give priority to the richness of primary species, with an enterprise of Pu’ protection of buffer zones of this late secondary species and er city，Yunnan to conduct forest edge to facilitate forest TOP Five-year sandalwood tree thorny lianas at the distances has reached nearly 5 m high. experiement of introduction recovery processes. 0–50 m than at the distances ABOVE Agroforestry plantation of and plantation of sandalwood more than 50 m from the This research result has been sandalwood with other economic on tropical degraded uplands. plants like teak and mango. edge into the forest exterior. published in Journal Plant They found that Indian At the distances >50 m, no Research. The Science Times individuals of dominant canopy carried the story on its front trees Lithocarpus xylocarpus, page on January 6, 2011. Castanopsis wattii, and L.

Annual Report 2010 22 23 Litterfall production, decomposition and nutrient Two-step process to produce Jatropha biodiesel use efficiency varies with tropical forest types in Xishuangbanna, SW China: a 10-year study Owing to high free acid content, 318 K for 1.5 h, biodiesel yield transesterification of Jatropha of 95.2% was obtained( which Litterfall production, production and decomposition oil to biodiesel directly was higher than previous decomposition and nutrient rates in different tropical forest catalyzed by solid catalyst had reported). The biodiesel use efficiency in three different systems are related to plant a low conversion rate. Even properties were close to those tropical forest ecosystems in species composition and are using longer reaction times, of the German standard (DIN SW China were studied by strongly influenced by the only 80.4% biodiesel yield V 51606). The relevant papers Assoc. Prof. TANG Jianwei for coexisting species and their life was achieved. In order to were published in Energy 10 years. The results showed stage (age) but less so by the increase biodiesel yield, free conversion and management, that annual mean litterfall species richness. Constructing acids of Jatrapha oil need to Energy, Transactions of the production in tropical seasonal multi-species and multistory remove. A two-step process of Chinese society of agricultural forest (TSF) (9.47 ± 1.65Mg• man-made tropical forest is Jatropha oil to biodiesel was engineering (in Chinese), ha-1) was similar to that in man- an effective way to enhance used to solve the problem. Petrochemical technology (in made tropical forest (MTF) biological productivity and It was found that at 210 Chinese) and Materials review (9.23 ± 1.29 Mg•ha-1) (P > 0.05) maintain soil nutrients on W ultrasonic power, when (in Chinese) and applied two but both were significantly degraded tropical land. These methanol reacted with the oil Chinese patents. lower than that in secondary results have been published in (4/1 molar ratio) mixed with tropical forest (STF) (12.96 ± Plant and Soil. 1.0 % catalyst (w/w of oil) at -1 1.71 Mg•ha ) (P < 0.05). The TOP The two-step process coupled annual variation of litterfall with ultrasonic radiation for biodiesel production from crude oil with high was greater in TSF (17.4%, P < FFA value. 0.05) than that in MTF (14.0%) ABOVE Cover page of the new book. New Book published in Springer and STF (13.2%). The annual mean decomposition rate of Prof. FANG Zhen authored This book describes the use litterfall increased followed the a new book entitled “Rapid of supercritical water (SCW) order of MTF (2.72) < TSF (3.15) production of micro- and nano- to rapidly produce micro- < STF (3.50) (P < 0.05), which particles using supercritical and nano-particles of metal was not correlated with the water,” (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, oxides, inorganic salts, metals annual precipitation and annual ISBN: 978-3-642-12986-5, and organics. It covers basic mean temperature, but related hardcover, 1 3 0 p a g e s ) . principles, experimental to litter quality. The nutrient Published in August 2010, methodologies and reactors, use efficiency was found to be this is the first book in its particle production, element-dependent and to vary genre discussing the use of characterizations and Multi-species and multistory man- significantly among the three made tropical forest. supercritical water in the rapid applications as well as the recent forest types (P < 0.05). These production of nanoparticles for advancement in this field. results indicate that litterfall biorefinery.

Annual Report 2010 24 25 Improvement of Research XTBG Central Laboratory Facility After more than 2 years of construction and preparation, XTBG Public Technical Service Center put into the facilities in XTBG Central operation Laboratory were finally put into use at the end of 2010. In 2010, XTBG set up the XTBG budget for running the center. With an area of about 5,325 Public Technical Service Center Since 2010, the XTBG Public m2 in laboratory space, this which is consisted of Central Technical Service Center has fully functional lab will meet Laboratory (Xishuangbanna), been awarded a grant of the needs of researchers from Biogeochemistry Laboratory ￥300,000 each year by CAS XTBG, CAS as well as visiting (Kunming), and the libraries. for further development. This researchers. XTBG managed to build up the has allowed XTBG to improve XTBG Public Technical Service the infrastructure of the Center as a public platform supporting system and maintain of large scientific instruments the performance, quality, and for research in tropical forest service of the research facilities. ecology, sustainable use and development of tropical plant TOP On-site evaluation meeting at resources, and biodiversity XTBG. conservation. Meanwhile, while ABOVE XTBG’s Action Plan for the center has been approved the Special Infrastructure Fund (2011-2015). by CAS, CAS will provide basic

XTBG Public Technical Service Center receives 8.08 million Yuan of Special Infrastructure Fund

In 2010, Chinese government million Yuan for repairing earmarked special funds and purchasing large-sized TOP Tissue culture laboratory. in the period of 2011-2015 equipment. ABOVE The water purification for improving CAS facilities. system in XTBG Central Laboratory. The XTBG Public Technical Service Center receives 8.08

Annual Report 2010 26 27 to the establishment of PFS- Research Project Award went Conferences and Symposia TropAsia, is also a regular to “The distribution patterns Advanced Fieldcourse in Ecology and Conservation resource staff of the field of birds in tropical riparian courses. This year, Prof. CHEN forest of Mengsong”. Works of – XTBG 2010 gave a lecture on his favorite the AFEC-X 2010 participants Building on the success of Sri Lanka and Thailand). A topic – Seed Dispersal. are compiled into the AFEC-X Advanced Fieldcourse in total of 15 instructors from Proceedings 2010. The first half of AFEC-X 2010 Ecology and Conservation, various countries committed engaged participants with a Four weeks’ of intensive training Xishuangbanna 2009 (AFEC-X their time and expertise to series of lectures and hands- not only equipped participants give lectures and lead field on activities on a broad range with stronger research skills, but activities during the course. of topics in Ecology and also provided them with a taste The course was coordinated Conservation Biology. The of the intriguing cultures of by Prof. Ferry SLIK from XTBG most valuable experience of the Dai and Hani ethnic groups and Dr. QIE Lan, scientific the participants during the in Yunnan. Such courses also coordinator of PFS-TropAsia. course was the independent place XTBG as an international Prof. DING Wenjun, Acting research project, conducted leader in the important mission Dean of the College of Life in and around Bulong Nature of creating and promoting an Sciences, Graduate University Reserve of Xishunagbanna Asian network of young, well- of Chinese Academy of Dai Autonomous Prefecture, trained international scientists. Sciences, presented at the Yunnan. The field course has AFEC-X 2010 opening, and in a strong emphasis on the TOP Participants conducting invasive his speech, praised and gave development of independent plant sampling for their independent research project. great support to the training research skills among young AFEC-X 2010 opening ceremony at researchers. Participants ABOVE Tea & Forest - the mountains XTBG. 2009), AFEC-X 2010 was held activities of PFS-TropAsia. around Bulong Nature Reserve. worked in groups to carry out between November 20 and The aim of this program is to research projects, starting from December 18, 2010, under the provide affordable, high-level research proposal, field data newly established Program for training for young conservation collection, to data analysis Field Studies in Tropical Asia ecologists from the tropical and report writing. These (PFS-TropAsia), which is based Asian region, who are at the projects covered various topics, in Xishuangbanna Tropical start of their thesis research including soil respiration, plant Botanical Garden (XTBG). and professional careers. Prof. traits, invasive plants and insect AFEC-X 2010 was attended DING also took the pleasure to and bird diversity. AFEC-X by 20 graduate students and give the first lecture after the 2010 was closed with a course young researchers from ten course opening. symposium, where participants countries (Argentina, Benin, XTBG Director, Prof. CHEN Jin, presented their independent Cambodia, Cameroon, China, who has lent his strong support research projects. The Best India, Indonesia, North Korea,

Annual Report 2010 28 29 Sino-German Research Co-operation “Living Landscapes China” LILAC Symposium

change modeling. Over 80 the understanding of the tool for modeling development participants from 8 countries underlying driving forces as well trajectories on regional scale. attended this symposium. as the consequences of specific Such a modeling tool supports decisions. It has been, therefore, the assessment of land-use Prof. LI Yongmei, from Yunnan the objective of this research change with regard to their Agricultural University, co-operation to analyze social, social, economic, hydrological presided over the opening economic, and ecological and ecological implications. The ceremony. Prof. LI Qingjun, framework conditions in overall framework can be used deputy director of XTBG, Naban River Watershed in decision making processes delivered a welcome speech. National Nature Reserve and affecting land-use patterns. Prof. Joachim SAUERBORN, the possible consequences from University of Hohenheim, of land-use change. Based on introduced the background this analysis the researchers of the LILAC project. Mr. LI Participants of the Sino-German developed a GIS-based scenario Symposium. Gang, Assistant Governor of Organized by Xishuangbanna Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Tropical Botanical Garden, Prefecture, expressed his Chinese Academy of Sciences warm congratulations to the IUFRO 2010 and University of Horhenheim, symposium. Germany, the Sino-German On October 14, participants Prof. Chuck CANNON presented He presented the plenary Research Co-operation “Living took part in post-conference his work on the comparative talk for the Phylogeny and Landscapes China” LILAC excursion to the Naban River genomics of tropical trees Phylogeography Session Symposium took place at Watershed National Nature using next-gen sequencing on March 8, 2010 in Kuala XTBG from October 11-14, Reserve. technology at the joint Lumpur, Malaysia. 2010. conference of the International The 3-year Sino-German With the theme “Land use in Union of Forest Research research cooperation project the Greater Mekong Subregion Organizations Working Parties “LILAC” is financially supported – A Challenge for Society, 2.04.01 (Population, Ecological by the Ministry of Science and Economy and Biodiversity”, and Conservation Genetics) Technology, China and the the symposium includes 5 and 2.04.10 (Genomics), with Federal Ministry of Education keynote presentations and 27 the theme of “Sustainable and Research, Germany. oral presentations covering Utilization and Conservation of Forests in the Genomics Era”. many diverse fields, including The sustainability of biodiversity and land use, development and land-use socio-economy, land-use change processes requires

Annual Report 2010 30 31 The 2nd Symposium on Tropical Forest Ecology The 3 rd Mekong Sub-regional Seminar on Traditional Medicine The 2nd Symposium on Tropical Xiaokun of Yunnan University Forest Ecology, organized were invited as keynote The Third Mekong Sub- medicine and rainforest eco- by the CAS Key Laboratory speakers. regional Seminar on Traditional culture in Xishuangbanna”. of Tropical Forest Ecology Medicine took place from The theme of the symposium The participants conducted of XTBG, was held during March 12-17 in Jinghong, the was “Species patterns and in-depth exchange on their September 13-18 in Nanning, capital city of Xushuangbanna ecosystem processes of experience and practices of capital city of Guangxi Zhuang Dai Autonomous Prefecture. tropical forests”. Twenty- traditional medicine in their Autonomous Region. The The seminar brought together six lectures, ranging from respective countries. The symposium brought together over 100 folk medicine experts landscape ecology to seminar serves as a platform to more than 200 scientific and scholars from Thailand, molecular ecology were promote information sharing participants engaged in Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia, and delivered. The participants and networking for traditional tropical forest ecology studies. China. Prof. XU Zaifu, Emeritus discussed the status quo medicine practitioners and Prof. CHEN Jin and Prof. CAO Professor and former director and conflict between social researchers. Min of XTBG, and Prof. OU of XTBG, delivered a keynote development and ecological speech on invitation with the title environmental protection in “Discussion on Dai traditional tropical areas of China.

XTBG leaders also discussed with representatives of Guangxi University and Hainan University on the cooperation th in academic exchanges and The 5 National Symposium on Ethnobotany talents training. The joint 5th National Symposium of traditional knowledge, Ms. After the Symposium, the on Ethnobotany and 4th Asia- SHI Yinxian, a MSc candidate participants toured to the Pacific Forum on Ethnobotany, from XTBG Lab of Ethnobotany, Nonggang National Nature initiated by the Ethnobotanical delivering a lecture entitled Reserve, Damingshan National Society of China and organized “Study on the antioxidant activity The colloquium among participants of the 2nd Symposium on Tropical Nature Reserve, and Weizhou by Minzu University of China, of young edible leaves in seven Forest Ecology. Island of Guangxi. was held in Beijing during fig trees in Xishuangbanna”. September 10-13. Four students from the Lab of Ethnobotany of XTBG participated in the symposium.

Talking about development of ethnobotany and application

Annual Report 2010 32 33 The 4th Global Botanic Gardens Congress Student Conference on Conservation Science, Cambridge, UK The 4th Global Botanic Gardens biology research in botanic Congress was held in Dublin, gardens”, Prof. LI Qingjun Two students from the Ireland, during June 13-18, delivered a lecture entitles Ecological Evolution Group, which brought together over title “Can tropical botanic XTBG, were invited to present 300 delegates around the gardens play a role in regional their work at the Student world. Prof. LI Qingjun, deputy biodiversity conservation and Conference on Conservation director of XTBG, attended the ecological restoration?” Prof. Science (SCCS) held in meeting. LI talked about the efforts Cambridge, UK during March and achievements by XTBG 23-25, 2010, the biggest The theme of the meeting in biodiversity conservation student- oriented conservation was “Addressing global corridors in Xishuangbanna, conference in the world. The change – a new agenda restoration of degraded international meeting brought for botanic gardens”. The ecological environment in together 220 students from meeting reviewed progress Karst mountain areas, and 63 countries and included 4 in conservation policies and in situ conservation and plenary talks, 33 students’ talks, practice. New initiatives reintroduction of orchids. He 2 poster sessions, 6 workshops for conservation of cycads, stressed the important role and many social events. European bryophytes and of botanic gardens in regional imperiled oceanic islands YI Zhuangfang, the first PhD biodiversity conservation. were all developed during the student from the Dai minority, conference. presented a talk in the session for economics and ecosystem During the discussion of services. YI’s talk about theme 4: “Frontiers of whether eco-compensation in science and conservation TOP YI Zhuangfang giving the Xishuangbanna is a reasonable presentation in the Economics and option to convert rubber Ecosystem Services section. YI) and Botanical Gardens plantations back into nature ABOVE Group photo of SCCS-2010 forest. Conservation International in front of the Zoology Department (Ms. FAN), also supported by building, University of Cambridge. FAN Huan, a MSc student, SCCS. They carried out projects presented a poster on using with their hosts and brought digital technology for rapid back knowledge and new biodiversity assessment. These ideas for their own study. It is two students also stayed in a really beneficial experience the UK for a few more weeks for graduate students to be on invited internship with involved in such invaluable Cambridge University (Ms. program.

Annual Report 2010 34 35 International Seminar on Conservation of Tropical Rainforest in Xishuangbanna and Development of Xishuangbanna Tropical Rainforest National Park

In order to exchange ideas on by XTBG and Xishuangbanna the topics of tropical rainforest National Nature Reserve. conservation, national park Prof. GAO Jiangyun and Assoc. management and sustainable Prof. Rhett D. HARRISON gave development, International plenary presentations, which Seminar on Conservation was entitled “Conservation of Tropical Rainforest Photo by JIANG Hong of Orchid plants in national in Xishuangbanna and parks: challenges and Development of Xishuangbanna opportunities” and “Threats Tropical Rainforest National to biodiversity in tropical Park, was held in Xishuangbann nature reserve” respectively. Training Workshop on data collection publishing on Octorber 18. The seminar and information sharing systems for field stations brought together 80 of CNERN and CERN participants from the People’s Government of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Forestry Department of Yunnan The “Training Workshop on (CERN), and organized by Province, Xishuangbanna data collection publishing Xishuangbanna Tropical Tropical Botanical Garden, and information sharing Rainforest Ecosystem Station Chinese Academy of Sciences, systems for field stations of of XTBG. Xishuangbanna National Nature CNERN and CERN” was held The goals of the workshop Reserve, Southwest Forestry during May 25-27 at XTBG were publishing the long-term University, Yunnan Institute of headquarters in Menglun. The monitoring data collection of Forest Inventory and Planning, workshop brought together the filed stations, constructing Nam Ha Protected Area, Laos, 120 participants from 53 field Prof. GAO Jiangyun delivering a a platform for science data The Nature Conservancy, stations, CERN, CAS, MOST lecture. sharing, and managing Conservation International, and and Agriculture Publishing databases. Tropical Rainforest Conservation House nationwide. Foundation of Xishuangbanna The workshop was sponsored Dai Autonomous Prefecture. by the National Ecosystem The seminar was co-organized Research Network of China ( C N E R N ) a n d C h i n e s e Ecosystem Research Network

Annual Report 2010 36 37 Landscape reconstruction in three living plant Horticulture collections

In 2010, the XTBG horticultural improvements has greatly team reconstructed parts of enhanced the experience of the landscape in the Tropical the visitors. More artists were Flower Garden, Exotic Plants also attracted to paint in these Garden and Shaded Plants pleasant collections. Garden. Some plants were replanted within these three collections. As indicated by the increase numbers of visitors to these gardens, the The Exotic Plants Garden after landscape reconstruction.

Phenological observation

Phenological information on the growth and flowering of 1,902 species were monitored and documented weekly. Annual growth of 911 plants were observed and documented.

Staff undertaking phenological observation.

Photo by YE Chenxi Annual Report 2010 38 39 New plant collections

As parts of “National Strategic Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization Plan”, a Key Project of Knowledge Innovation Engineering of CAS XTBG researchers conducting field Plant collecting trip. (KSCX2-YW-Z-0705), two new plant collections, the Tropical This year 1,293 species of Energy Plants Collection, and the tropical plants were collected, Edible Wild Plants Collection, of which 1,074 species were have been under construction from China, 219 species from since 2008. abroad, and 262 species are new to XTBG. The collections The new Tropical Energy Plants will be displayed in the Collection receives financial Garden, and added to the support from the Chinese collection of the Herbarium Academy of Sciences through and the Seed Bank. two Key Projects of Knowledge Innovation Engineering of CAS (KSCX2-YW-Z-0955 and KSCX2- YW-Z-0705). Until the end of Seed collect in the Tropical Plant Germplasm Bank 2010, XTBG horticultural team cleared 53,336 m2 of land, In 2010, XTBG’s Tropical predominantly in the form of created 14 man-made mounds Plant Germplasm Bank seed, and herbarium specimen for planting, completed TOP Part of the finished Tropical organized and successfully vouchers were prepared the construction of 200 m Energy Plants Collection. completed6seeds collecting when possible. Over 600 seed asphalt driveway, and finished ABOVE Part of the new Edible Wild fieldtrips in Xishuangbanna voucher herbarium specimens the 1,000 m2 square in this Plants Collection. prefecture. A total of 140 were made and more than new garden. The garden is collections consisting of 4,000 photos were taken. planted with over 5,500 plant 130 species were made. Most of the collected seeds individuals of 350+ species in The collecting sites were had been identified. During 50 families. unique living plant collection Bubeng, Yiwu in Mengla the whole 2010, 286 new seed to XTBG, offering visitors the county, Nannuo mountain, collection of 157 species were When the new Edible Wild opportunity to view and taste a Xiding in Menghai county, added to the Tropical Plant Plants Collection opens to the diverse collection of wild edible Jinuo mountain, Guanpin, Germplasm Bank of XTBG. public next year, it will add a plants in a Dai style pavilion. Puwen, Dadugang in Jinghong city. Material collected was

Annual Report 2010 40 41 The preparatory work for the expansion of the Medicinal Plants Collection is underway. Several XTBG horticultural staff undertook study tours at various institutions in South China, to investigate and introduce plants. XTBG horticultural team also cleaned the site and Useful techniques developed for garden management shortlisted ethnic medicinal plants for replanting. In XTBG, gardening litter and green organic matters were Staff undertake work cleaning the processed into mulch that can site. be reused on garden beds to improve growing conditions. Mulching helps to reduce Data management and digital garden system fertilizer consumption and to control weeds. TOP XTBG staff use local materials XTBG staff have independently to create charcoal for cultivating A website for “Plant Introduction designed and developed wagons for By artificial pollination and orchids. and Conservation Database” transporting potted plants. vegetative mass conservation, ABOVE Garden waste is turned into (www.plantip.csdb.cn) had XTBG staff developed the long mulch to be reused on garden beds. been launched and 8 sub- term storage technique of databases had been published Victoria amazonica, a world in 2010. XTBG staff had tested famous ornamental tropical the outdoor-information collect hydrophyte. Seeds of Victoria system. Positions of plants and amazonica were harvested in location points of roads and 2010. buildings in XTBG have been mapped continuously.

A website for Plant Introduction and Conservation Database.

Annual Report 2010 42 43 Flower show in the Tropical Brilliant Flower Garden.

Flower show to greet the 61st anniversary of China

T h e 6 1 s t a n n i v e rs a r y o f with blooming yellow flowers China was celebrated with playing a major role. The “gold a magnificient flower show peacock” will be ornamented in October. 30,000 pots of with other colorful flowers as flowers were set out for well. the flower show during the “Golden Week” from October 1-7in the Tropical Brilliant Flower Garden. The 30,000 pots of flowers had been designed and arranged into an image of “gold peacock”,

Annual Report 2010 44 45 Facts: Total annual visits to the Garden: 485,548 Total annual visits to the museums: 215,732 Special educational programs: 30 Total annual hits to the Garden websites: 2,918,229

Public Education

Photo by Duan Qiwu Annual Report 2010 46 47 Rainforest Story published four issues in 2010

In 2010, the e-magazine nationwide for its interesting Rainforest Story successfully content and wonderful nature published four issues after its photography. The number of first debut in September 2009. reader is increasing. Every issue has a specific theme, including minorities and plants, elephant-king of Tourists Enjoy XTBG Tours and Education Programs Asian tropical rainforest (2 issues) and stories of fig and Every year, more than half CAS Open Day, and other fig wasps. Forty-four articles a million people visit XTBG holidays, specific programs with more than 9 3 , 0 0 0 and experience a variety can be designed. Volunteers, words have been published of educational programs including graduate students in the magazine. The well- which are prepared by the and their tutors, some known artist, Mr. GUO Yizong public education and tourism of them are well-known inscribed the title for the department. They are scientists, take tours for the magazine. The editor also impressed by the amazing public. Visitors can also create interviewed some experts, TOP Education program for tourists plants, flowers and landscapes art works with dry leaves including Ms. Jocelyn BEHM in Spring Festival. as well as the interactive and flowers themselves, about amphibians at XTBG ABOVE Tour guide for the public. environmental education feel the weight of different and Prof. Richard CORLETT activities. The professional woods, or solve puzzles of about rainforest conservation. tour guides at XTBG show plants and insects. They also The e-magazine received them around in the garden can learn more about low high praise from readers and tell the stories of trees, carbon lifestyle, insects in flowers, and cultures. In the the garden or community- Tropical Rainforest Ethnic based conservation through Culture Museum, visitors can exhibitions and activities. see many animals, butterflies, birds and experience the biodiversity of Xishuangbanna and the local people’s lives Cover of Rainforest Story. and cultures. In National Day Golden Week, Spring Festival Golden Week, National Science Communication Day,

Annual Report 2010 48 49 Students Explored the Secrets of Rainforest in Adventure in Wonderland Program

In 2010, under the guidance and instruction from XTBG’ s Educational Department staff, hundreds of students visited the garden to explore the rainforest. The Educational Department LEFT New Garden Map. developed a special program RIGHT New Interpretive Signboard. n a m e d “A d v e n t u r e i n Wonderland” for students from Xishuangbanna and New Interpretation System Established other cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Macau. During XTBG designed and installed high recommendation from the program, students a new interpretation system the tourists. With the help of learned about basic ecology in 2010 including interpretive these new sings and maps, or biodiversity about tropical Foreign expert is instructing students. signboards, maps, information visitors will be able to explore forests. They identified plants, signs, and interpretive the garden without worry flowers, birds, butterflies, guide. Twenty interpretive about being lost. insects, as well as gazed at camping in the forest made signboards in three languages, the stars in the clear sky at everyone excited. Scientists, (Chinese, English, and Dai) XTBG. They learned about the including foreign experts in were installed in seventeen relationship of all creatures the garden also gave students specific collections. A new as ecosystem. Hiking and lectures about their ongoing detailed garden map with research. The students also important landmarks were experienced local ethnic redesigned and installed in culture, such as those of the fourteen sites for the visitors. Dai and Hani tribes by visiting Five highway signs were also local villages. installed outside the garden for self-driving tourists. The new interpretation system received Students are learning the structure of fig fruit.

Annual Report 2010 50 51 Low Carbon Education

Low Carbon is becoming a new lifestyle. An increasing number of people realize the importance of saving energy and resources. XTBG organized a series of programs to improve the public’s awareness in 2010. Education Section of the Photo by ZHU Ying British Consulate-General, In September, to celebrate China, visited XTBG to discuss the National Science cooperation on environmental Popularization Day, XTBG held education in the future. Birds in the Garden Attracting Bird Watchers from activities like “increasing low- They have a progamme all over the Country carbon awareness among focusing on climate change local primary school students”, named as Climate Cool, As the biggest botanical garden their pictures in the websites “collecting cartoon images of which includes awareness in China, XTBG not only has and recommended the garden low-carbon life”, “thematic improving, capacity building, the most plants in the garden, to others. XTBG is becoming a exhibition” and “show cartoon media journalists training, but also attracted many wild birding hotspot in China. videos of low-carbon life” as social science researching, birds to live in the garden. In well. During the National Day In order to involve local and a global climate change September, Nigel MARVEN, the Golden Week Holiday, working communists into bird programs online community. well-known wildlife film maker, with some NGOs in Kunming, conservation and education, As a part of Climate Cool, they was in the garden taking film of they had a special exhibit XTBG’s staff from Education have a specific programme sunbirds. From October, birders focusing on reusing second- Department presented a for students known as Young from all over the country hand materials, such as wrist lecture about local birds to Climate Change Ambassadors. visited the garden for bird bracelets, bags, purse, tissues TOP Crimson Sunbird in the garden. the Menglun Junior School They choose more than 200 watching and photography. box made from old clothing. ABOVE Nigel MARVEN in the garden. and organized a bird drawing outstanding students from all Some rare bird species, such as Some students from a local competition in December. over the country to attend a two- Brown-throated Sunbird, Barn primary school also advocated Many students showed their week summer camp receiving Owl, and Pompadour Green low carbon knowledge as Low interests in birds. Educating training on climate change and Pigeon were found in the Carbon Ambassadors in the younger generations will play biodiversity conservation. Dr. garden. Some of bird watchers garden. an important role in future TOP Low carbon Exhibit. were so generous that they NADIN was so impressed by conservation. XTBG also will ABOVE Low Carbon Ambassador gave their pictures to XTBG During October 17-18, Dr. XTBG’s environmental education hold the first bird fair in the from the local school. for education purpose. After Rebecca NADIN, Director of programmes that she looked garden in February, 2011. returning, these bird watchers Climate Change &Science forward to potential cooperation and photographers posted Programme, Cultural and with XTBG in the future.

Annual Report 2010 52 53 Domestic Prof. CHEN Jin was honored as one of the Top 10 Excellent Science & Technology Workers in China

In December 6, 2010, Prof. education and released CHEN Jin has been voted as e-magazine. The unique XTBG “Top 10 Excellent Science & environmental education system Technology Workers in China” has been evolving and favorably by public and experts. impressing on counterparts at home and abroad. CHEN Jin is serving as the director-general of XTBG, team As a scientist and manager, leader of Ecology and Evolution CHEN Jin has been making of Plant Animal Interaction his comments actively on Group, and PhD supervisor. local economic and social He attaches great importance development and raising the to research and practice on local government’s awareness environmental education. He of tropical forest conservation. launched the first environmental It was reported that Prof. CHEN education major in Yunnan Jin is the youngest winner of Province in a creative way and 2010 “Top 10 Excellent Science supervised master degree & Technology Workers in students. Under his leadership, China” and the only winner XTBG has set up a platform for within the three southwest environmental education and China provinces. tourist interpretation system, carried out environmental education activities and exhibitions, established special website for environmental

Partnership

Photo by YE Chenxi Annual Report 2010 54 55 National Popular Science Education Base granted XTBG conferred National Field Practice Base for to XTBG College Students

XTBG has been awarded the experience, sightseeing and Prof. SUN Jiaguang, academician of Yunnan Province. It is a hot National Popular Science leisure. of Chinese Academy of area for biodiversity research Education Base from 2010-2014 Engineering (CAE) and vice with its abundant species XTBG is among the first batch by China Association for Science president of National Natural of plants and animals in the of national popular science and Technology (CAST). Science Foundation of China rainforest. education base granted by (NSFC), paid an inspection tour By utilizing the high-quality the CAST. After a new round Just as what Dr. MENG Xianping, to XTBG on the New Year Day. research and tourism of comprehensive evaluation, director general of NSFC resources, XTBG forms a XTBG attains the honor again. The purpose of the tour was to Bureau of Planning, said that science popularization system confer on four institutions in it is strategic to have college characterized by science Xishuangbanna with National students have field practice in Field Practice Base for College Xishuangbanna. NSFC will have Students. XTBG was recognized. closer cooperation with XTBG and other institutions based in Xishuangbanna is located at Xishuangbanna. XTBG honored “Advanced Collective” for poverty the southernmost prefecture alleviation a third time

XTBG has been granted the title own advantages into play, of “Advanced Collective” for XTBG has contributed a lot work in poverty alleviation by to improve the living of local Yunnan Provincial Government people, such as science & in 2010. It is the third consecutive technology aid, labor training, year for XTBG to get the honorary technology application, and title. tourism industry, etc.

XTBG has been attaching importance to help the local government to reduce poverty for many years. By taking its

Photo by JIANG Hong

Annual Report 2010 56 57 Simao, Yunnan

In recognition of the achievements cooperation relationship by the “Personnel Training Base for many years. In 2001, a for Tropical Horticulture”, XTBG “Personnel Training Base and Simao Normal College were for Tropical Horticulture” jointly awarded the second prize was established by the two of Teaching Achievement by partners. Each year, about 60 Yunnan Provincial Government. college students are trained in XTBG. The award was granted to Ms. DU Wei, president of Simao Normal Mr. ZHOU Fengyue (left front) and College, and Mr. LI Hongwei, Prof. CHEN Jin (right front) shaking deputy director of XTBG, and hands to celebrate the signing of the MOU and their cooperation. several teachers.

XTBG and Simao Normal College have been keeping good Chenggong, Yunnan

XTBG and Chenggong New to a world hungry for greenery. Development Area of Kunming They may also further cooperate have signed a cooperation in the production, processing, Hong Kong agreement on the establishment and sale of wild vegetables. XTBG sent two young staff etc. They exchanged ideas on of nursery stock in early August. As an integrated research members engaged in popular science popularization with To promote the implementation institution, XTBG is willing to science education to Kadoorie related personnel at KFBG. of the agreement, Prof. CHEN Jin, contribute to the establishment Farm & Botanic Garden (KFBG) director of XTBG, led a delegation They also took active participation of a low-carbon, environment- for communication in early to seek suitable partnership in the activities like "Nature's friendly new Chenggong. 2010 on invitation. enterprises for the quality nursery Pulse" Installation Art Exhibition. stock on August 18. Around 1,000 trees representing During their stay in Hongkong, They assisted KFBG Artists- friendship and cooperation the 2 young ladies, ZHAO Jinli in-Residence in completing XTBG delegation had a field between XTBG and Chenggong and JIANG Hong, were invited artworks created in a natural visit to the seedling breeding were planted on the same day. to talk about such issues as environment. nurseries of the Chennong cultures in Xishuangbanna, Group. Afterwards, the two tropical rainforest conservation, parties showed intention for ethno-forest culture, e-magazine cooperating in setting up large Rainforest Stories, and popular quality nursery stock, distributing science activities at XTBG, plants, trees, shrubs, flowers, etc.

Annual Report 2010 58 59 Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Local villages, Yunnan

Officials in Xishuangbanna have “The hemp contains less than 0.1 Headed up by Mr. YAN Zong, been promoting farming of percent of tetrahydrocannabinol, first deputy county chief of the hemp, with hemp variety or THC, the key ingredient in Menghai county, Xishuangbanna Yunma No.1 as the major seed, marijuana, while the Cannabis prefecture, a 30-person since 2004, to help raise the grown for marijuana can delegation including indigenous living standard of farmers. contain up to five percent Dai villagers and local officials XTBG has palyed an important of THC or even more”, said from Manhong village, Menghai role in the screening and rapid researchers. county paid a field trip to XTBG propagation of new hemp on November 16, 2010. The varieties. Up to now, a series purpose of the trip is learning of hemp varieties tested to be about planting techniques for without a narcotic component tropical economic trees and fruit for industrial use has been trees. Photo by LIU Meng screened by XTBG researchers. The delegation visited the Over the past five years, XTBG agroforestry systems which set up a hemp research base in consisted of Citrus maxima Mengsong Township, Menghai intercropping Plukenetia County in Xishuangbanna, a management, economic value, volubilis, and Jatropha curcas mountainous region in Yunnan. ethnic traditional knowledge, intercropping Curcuma longa L., The screening and high-yield recent developments and high-yield cultivation models of cultivation practice has got market prospects of the Artocarpus heterophylla L., and success and helped resolve the tropical economic trees and Amorphophalms konjac in wild bottleneck problem of single fruit trees. XTBG technologists edible plants plantation. XTBG variety of Yunma No.1. emphasized that agroforestry technologists provided the systems can be developed that Mr. JIANG Pusheng, the CPC delegation with technical skills farmers could have high yield secretary of Xishuangbanna, and knowledge in planting and harvest without any forest spoke highly of XTBG’s destroying. These will help for contribution to the sustainable tropical forest conservation and development of hemp industry. sustainable development. XTBG-locality cooperation witnessed great progress. After finishing their visit to XTBG, YAN Zong and villagers expressed appreciation for XTBG. They hope for further Photo by YE Chenxi cooperation with XTBG in modern agricultural industry.

Annual Report 2010 60 61 of Environment to promote the According to Dr. YIN Kim Sean, establishment of Cambodian Cambodian Prime Minister Hun National Botanical Garden Sen has approved of supporting and hoped them to submit its the national botanical garden as proposal of being a priority a key project. assistance project to Chinese The Cambodian delegation Ministry of Commerce soon. continued to visit Beijing and Officials from Cambodian Shanghai. Prof. DING Zhongli, Ministry of Finance showed Vice President of CAS, gave support for listing the them a reception in Beijing. establishment of national botanical garden as a priority LEFT Accompanied by Prof. CAO Min, Cambodian delegation visiting assistance project and would XTBG Herbarium. start preparatory work soon. RIGHT The bilateral colloquium Abroad between XTBG and Cambodian delegation. Cambodia Germany A 6-person delegation of center, green stone forest, and Cambodian officials of research facilities of the Garden. Prof. Jens Gunter ROHWER environment and finance paid from University of Hamburg, The delegation said that they a visit to XTBG during March Germany, an expert in plant have got a better understanding 21-24. The delegation was taxonomy and phylogeny of on the scientific content and headed up by Dr. YIN Kim Sean, Lauraceae, paid a 20 day visit management of a botanical Cambodian Vice Minister of for the Plant Phylogenetics and garden. Environment. Conservation Group (PPCG) A bilateral colloquium was held in XTBG. He visited Ailaoshan Senior translator QIU Huasheng, on March 23, with Prof. CAO Subtropical forest Ecosystem deputy director general of Min as chair. Giving a welcoming Station and Xishuangbanna CAS Bureau of International speech to the delegation, Prof. forest Ecosystem Station, Cooperation, took a special tour Prof. Jens Gunter ROHWER delivering Dr. CHEN Jin, director of XTBG, and checked and revised to XTBG to give warm reception a lecture. gave a detailed introduction the specimens of Lauraceae to the delegation. to scientific research, species in HITBC. Furthermore, he Kunming and Xishuangbanna Prof. Dr. CAO Min, deputy preservation, gardening, and gave two seminars entitled respectively during his director of XTBG, accompanied international cooperation. “Landscapes and Vegetation visiting. His visit enhanced the delegation to visit the ex situ Senior translator QIU Huasheng of Central Europe” and “The the cooperation research in conservation area for rare and fully recognized the efforts Lauraceae - an overview of the the phylogeny of the family endangered plants, new research made by Cambodian Ministry current state of knowledge” in Lauraceae.

Annual Report 2010 62 63 Graduate Education

XTBG has enrolled more than fields: plants and ecology. Until 500 graduates from 1986 and now, 42 scientific researchers are more than 350 graduates got qualified to supervise graduates their degrees here. There are in botany (16) and ecology (26), 176 graduates in the garden including 4 foreign supervisors. now, among whom 57 are In 2010, 53 students, including doctoral students, including 3 34 master students and 19 foreign students and 119 are doctoral students, accomplished master students, including 2 their study and graduated. foreign students. And there are 16 graduates co-supervised by XTBG and colleges. XTBG offers programs in two major academic

Talent Training and Team Building

Graduation ceremomy 2010.

Photo by YE Chenxi Annual Report 2010 64 65 Dr. HAO Guangyou received “Excellent Student Prize of President Fellowships, CAS” Talent Training Training tropical horticulture for Simao Normal Dr. HAO Guangyou is co- performance, he was awarded College students supervised by Prof. CAO Kunfang “Excellent Student Prize of in XTBG and the University of President Fellowships, CAS” In cooperation with Simao training courses at XTBG to Miami. He published several in 2010. In the same year, Normal College, a personnel improve their knowledge on high qualified papers in leading he gained the postdoctoral training base for tropical tropical horticulture technique journals, such as Oecologia, scholarship in Harvard horticulture has been in the year 2010. Tree Physiology and Functional University. established at XTBG since Ecology. With his outstanding 2001. A total of 37 college students began their one-year

Dr. ZHANG Fengping won “the Nomination of Excellent Doctoral Dissertations, CAS” Training course on gardening and horticulture The 16 th annual Training Ability Appraisal on Horticulture Dr. ZHANG Fengping was Evolutionary Ecology Research Course on Gardening and at XTBG was designated by the supervised by Prof. YANG and Symbiosis during her Horticulture was held by the Department of Labor and Social Darong. She published study in XTBG and received No. 68 Institute of Yunnan Security of Yunnan Province several excellent papers in “the Nomination of Excellent Provincial Professional and in 1997. Since then, XTBG Naturwissenschaften, Bulletin Doctoral Dissertations, CAS” in Technical Ability Appraisal has hosted training course on of Entomological Research, 2010. on Horticulture at XTBG. gardening and horticulture The 31-day (August 1st -31st) each year, making full use of curriculum consisted of lectures, its advantages in landscape field practice, demonstration, planning and designing, Scholarships from CAS study tours, discussion and final horticultural cultivation, seed test. A certificate was awarded storage, plant protection, forest Prof. CHEN Jin won the 2010 Scholarship for Excellent to each participant upon his or science. From then on, more Zhuliyuehua Scholarship for Doctoral Students, CAS and LIU her successful completion of the than 1,000 gardeners have Excellent Supervisor, CAS. LI Yulan was awarded the second curriculum. 73 participants from been trained at XTBG. Zhiheng, LI Zongbo, ZHENG prize of Di Ao Scholarship, CAS. Xishuangbanna prefecture and Yulong and ZHU Shidan had Simao prefecture accomplished the honor of 2010 Zhuliyuehua the training. The No. 68 Institute of Yunnan Provincial Professional and Technical

Annual Report 2010 66 67 supported by Special grant for for PhD candidates who are the Team Building Selected Outstanding Young scientific staffs of XTBG. New Recruitment Scientist from Chinese Academy On April 12, 2010, the performances of Sciences. All departments of administrative groups in 2010. Thirteen head of 13 scientific research groups section were reconstructed, of departments were appointed On July 26, 2010, the performances have been reviewed by national and several laboratories and for administrative sections. of 2006 West Light Foundation and international scientific research groups were newly Three principal investigators were appraised. Associate Prof. consultant panels. A total of 11 set up or reconstructed this have been recruited for scientific SHEN Youxin was assessed as groups passed the evaluation of year, which included laboratory research groups, and five persons excellent in this final appraisal. their performance, of which 2 of resource plant research, responsible for supporting Moreover, five staffs were groups were honored as super Global Change Group, Floristic systems. Of scientific staffs, two sponsored by new projections excellent, other 2 groups as Biogeography Group, Aromatic were promoted as associate of West Light Foundation, excellent. Plant Research, Specimen and professor from assistant including one key project, two Plasma Conservation Center, professor, one as professor projects for newly graduated Public Technical Service Center, from associate professor. PhDs, and other two projects Yuanjiang Ecological Station. Moreover, 24 newly-graduated students were recruited from More than 20 interview universities or research institutes, meetings were held for recruiting including 7 PhD, 14 MSc, and 3 new staffs for departments Postdoctoral Researchers and Visiting Scholars undergraduate students. of administrative section, Five postdoctoral researchers Prof. Dr. Jens G. ROHWER laboratories, and research have been recruited, three of from University Hamburg, which are from overseas, Dr. Germany, and Prof. Dr. Mohandass DHARMALINGAM Stephen G. A. COMPTON from from India, Dr. Joeri Sergej University of Leeds, England, STRIJK from Netherlands, and were sponsored for doing Honors Dr. Modabber Ahmed KHAN cooperative studies with from Bangladesh. research groups of XTBG. Prof. CHEN Jin won the title of Kuancheng Education Fund”. the ‘excellent individuals for Four senior visiting scholars, personnel work’ by Chinese Prof. GAO Jiangyun has been Dr. Timothy BRODRIBB from Academy of Sciences. elected as backup young and University of Tasmania, middle-aged academic leaders Australia, Prof. Dr. Roy Prof. LIU Wenjie has been of Yunnan Province, getting TURKINGTON from University honored “CAS WANG Kuancheng financial support of 30,000 RMB. of British Columbia, Canada, Award for Outstanding Achievements to Western Two professors, Prof. LIU Aizhong Scholars”, approved by “WANG and Prof. FANG Zhen, have been

Annual Report 2010 68 69 LI Changchun

Mr. LI Changchun, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, paid an inspection tour to XTBG on November 12. Mr. BAI Enpei, Secretary of Yunnan Provincial Committee of the CPC, accompanied the tour. the CAS Knowledge Innovation Project. Prof. CHEN Jin, director of Visits XTBG, reported the Master Plan LI Changchun showed great of XTBG, general philosophy concern about biodiversity of building new living conservation and development collections, and development of botanical gardens in in biodiversity conservation, China. He was satisfied that scientific research, and public XTBG pay great attention education which XTBG had to public education. XTBG made since its accession to had established a Tropical Rainforest and Ethno Culture Museum in the campus and presents the knowledge of tropical rainforest and ethnic culture in Xishuangbanna to the public with a unique conception and in diversified displaying techniques.

LI Changchun planted an Erythrophleum fordii as a ceremonial tree in the garden. TOP LI Changchun (middle), inspecting XTBG. ABOVE LI Changchun watering an Erythrophleum fordii as a ceremonial tree in XTBG.

Photo by JIANG Hong Annual Report 2010 70 71 DING Zhongli

Academician DING Zhongli, DING Zhongli expects more Vice President of Chinese development for both science Academy of Sciences, paid and public education made by an inspection tour to XTBG XTBG in the future. on February 13. The tour was accompanied by Prof. CHEN Jin, director of XTBG and Prof. LI Qingjun, deputy director of XTBG.

LU Hao (front right 2), paying an on-site inspection to XTBG.

LU Hao

Mr. LU Hao, first secretary garden. The officials were very of the Secretariat of the 16th interested in issues concerning Communist Youth League of scientific research, campus China (CYLC) Central Committee, construction, biodiversity paid a visit to XTBG on April 21. conservation, and the work of The tour was accompanied by the mass youth organization Mr. LI Jiheng, Vice Secretary of -CYLC showing appreciation to Yunnan CPC Committee, and its development efforts. other local officials.

While showing the officials around the Garden, Prof. Dr. CHEN Jin, director of XTBG, DING Zhongli, in XTBG. gave a brief introduction to the

Annual Report 2010 72 73 WANG Shengjun

Mr. WANG Shengjun, President around the living collections of Supreme People's Court, paid and tropical rainforest within a visit to XTBG on July 21. Mr. XTBG. The tropical rainforest JING Hanchao, vice president and its spectacular ecological of Supreme People’s Court was phenomena were most eye- among the visiting group. catching to the guests.

Mr. LI Hongwei, deputy director of XTBG, showed the officials LI Shenglin (front left 3), listening to a brief introduction about XTBG.

LI Shenglin

Mr. LI Shenglin, Minister of Minister LI Shenglin’s tour Chinese Ministry of Transport, was on the sidelines of paid a visit to XTBG on May 23. investigating construction of He visited the living collections great international passage, and listened to a brief highway management and introduction about the Garden. rural road maintenance in Mr. LI Hongwei, deputy Yunnan Province. director of XTBG, showed the officials around the Garden.

Local officials like CPC secretary JIANG Pusheng of Xishuangbanna and others WANG Shengjun (in dark shirt), accompanied the tour. inspecting XTBG.

Annual Report 2010 74 75 Other visitors

January 28 to February 24, Prof. Anthony R. IVES the Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon July 14-19, Prof. Wah Soon CHOW, Australian and Education Section of the British Consulate- from University of Wisconsin Basin (COICA), and a 4-person delegation of the National University, Australia General, China, and a 4-person delegation February 4, Prof. SHANG Yongfeng, academician Organization of Indigenous Peoples in Suriname July 16, Prof. Spencer C.H. BARRETT, University of October 26, Dr. YU Haiying, World Agroforestry of CAS and Professor of Peking University (OIS) Toronto, Canada Centre February 23, Dr. Phouthong SENG AKHOM, April 16, Mr. Hero M. EDEN, SFT Shanghai July 17 –September 3, Dr. Michael MOELLER, November 14-16, Prof. David DILCHER, University Minister of Prime Minister’s Office, Lao PDR Fairtrade AG, Switzerland Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh of Florida, USA March 1-31, Dr. Anthony RAGNAR, University of April 20-22, Prof. PAN Fuh-Jiunn, Chinese Culture July 20, Prof. Yakov KUZYAKOV, University of December 6-8, Prof. MA Keping, Institute of Wisconsin-Madison, USA University, Taiwan Bayreuth, Germany Botany, CAS March 2-3, Dr. Ronny ALEXANDERSSON and a April 20-26, Dr. TZENG Hsy-Yu, National Chung August 1-14, Dr. Wickneswari R., Universiti December 20-31, Dr. Matjaz KUNTNER, Institute 18-person delegation from Uppsala University, Hsing University, Taiwan Kebangsaan, Malaysia of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Sweden May 3, Ms. CHEN Jiwa, deputy secretary of the August 10-12, Dr. Beata PASZKO, W. Szafer Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Slovenia March 2-5, Dr. JANG Yong Chol and a 15-person CPC Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Regional Institute of Botany, Poland and Prof. Lennart December 20-31, Dr. LI Daiqin, National delegation from Ministry of Land and Committee STENBERG, Swedish Museum of Natural History, University of Singapore, Singapore Environment Protection, North Korea May 12, Prof. Zlatko KVACEK, Charles University, Sweden December 23-29, Prof. Hong J. DI, Lincoln March 5, Dr. ZHANG Pengjun, Waganingen Czech Republic August 11-19, Prof. Yue-Joe HSIA, National Dong University, New Zealand University, Netherlands May 11-15, Prof. Jeffery S PETTIS, Research Hwa University, Taiwan, Dr. Jehn-Yih Juang, December 24, Dr. Blagodatskaya EVGENIA, March 2-6, Dr. Manuel LERDAU, University of leader, and a 2-person delegation from Bee National Taiwan University, Taiwan, and a Institute of Physico-Chemical and Biological Virginia, USA Research Laboratory, United States Department 4-person delegation Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of March 13-15, Prof. Charles KREBS, University of of Agriculture, USA August 11- September 11, Mr. David Sciences British Columbia, Canada May 22, Mr. TONG Shiping, deputy director of BROEDERBAUER, University of Vienna, Austria December 25-29, Prof. HE Jizheng, Research March 16, Dr. Yingyong TAOPRASERT, director the General Political Department of the Chinese August 18, Mr. ZHOU Zhenhong, member of Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, CAS of the School of Traditional and Alternative People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and a general the Standing Committee of the CPC Guangdong Medicine and an 18-person delegation from from the navy Provincial Committee and director general of the Chiangrai Rajabhat University, Thailand May 25, Dr. Jacob D. WICKHAM, Institute of Department of the United Front Work of the CPC March 24, Mr. LU Dongfu, vice minister of the Chemistry, CAS Guangdong Provincial Committee Ministry of Railways June 21, Mr. ZHANG Quanjing, former minister of August 26 – September 3, Prof. W. Scott April 2-5, Prof. Jonathan GERSHENZON, Max the Organization Department of the CPC Central ARMBRUSTER, University of Portsmouth, UK and Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Germany Committee University of Alaska, USA April 7-12, Dr. QIAN Hong, Illinois State Museum, July 6, Mr. Jesse LASKY, University of Texas at September 4-28, Dr. Tim J. BRODRIBB, University USA Austin, USA of Tasmania, Australia April 9-10, Prof. Roy TURKINGTON, University of July 12-14, Prof. Fong-Long FENG, National Chung September 13-15, Prof. Jens Gunter ROHWER, British Columbia, Canada Hsing University, Taiwan University of Hamburg, Germany April 11, Mr. Ronald R. ALOEMA, president of July 13, Dr. Bian LIU, University of Geneva, October 17, Ms. HUA Jianhui, Vice Governor of OIS and member of the coordinating body of Switzerland People’s Government of Anhui Province October 17-18, Dr. Rebecca NADIN, Cultural

Annual Report 2010 76 77 Income and Expenditure (Million Yuan)

Categories FY2008 FY2009 FY2010

INCOME

Government Grants 40.504 37.706 30.155

Infrastructure 0 27.800 0 Admissions & 25.776 30.179 31.919 Services Grants for research 26.637 31.772 31.506

Miscellaneous 0.417 0.195 0.526

Sum 93.334 127.652 94.106

EXPENDITURE

Staff costs 41.196 43.139 52.590

Maintenance 0.673 0.807 0.220 General and Admin. 1.687 2.403 1.581 Expense Infrastructure 38.548 33.540 0

Equipment 16.041 20.559 25.211 Research & 21.182 29.488 24.195 Horticulture Miscellaneous 0.050 0.027 0.080 Financial Review Sum 119.377 129.963 103.877

Photo by YE Chenxi Annual Report 2010 78 79 1. Cannon, CH; Kua, CS; Zhang, D; Harting, JR. stratification, phytohormone and light 2010. Assembly free comparative genomics on dormancy-breaking and germination of short-read sequence data discovers o f Cotinus coggygria v a r. c i n e r e a the needles in the haystack. MOLECULAR (Anacardiaceae) seeds. SEED SCIENCE AND ECOLOGY 19: 147-161. TECHNOLOGY 38(3): 572-584. 2. Chen, JW; Zhang, QA; Li, XS; Cao, KF. 2010. 9. DeWalt, SJ; Schnitzer, SA; Chave, J; Bongers Gas exchange and hydraulics in seedlings of F; Burnham RJ; Cai ZQ; Chuyong G; Clark Hevea brasiliensis during water stress and DB; Ewango CEN; Gerwing JJ; Gortaire E; recovery. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 30(7): 876-885. Hart T; Ibarra-Manriquez G ; Ickes K; Kenfack 3. Chen, JY; Lee, S; Cao, YQ; Peng, YQ; Winkler, D; Macia MJ; Makana JR; Martinez-Ramos D; Yang, DR. 2010. Ethnomycological use M; Mascaro J; Moses S; Muller-Landau HC; of medicinal Chinese Caterpillar Fungus, Parren MPE; Parthasarathy N; Perez-Salicrup Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G. H. Sung DR; Putz FE; Romero-Saltos H; Thomas D. et al. (Ascomycetes) in Northern Yunnan 2010. Annual rainfall and seasonality predict Province, SW China. INTERNATIONAL pan-tropical patterns of liana density and JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS basal area. BIOTROPICA 42(3): 309-317. 12(4): 427-434. 10. Enright, NJ; Cao, KF. 2010. Plant ecology in 4. Chen, L; Liu, WY; Wang, GS. 2010. Estimation China. PLANT ECOLOGY 209(2): 181-187. of epiphytic biomass and nutrient pools 11. Fan, ZX; Brauning, A; Tian, QH; Yang, B; Cao, in the subtropical montane cloud forest in KF. 2010. Tree ring recorded May-August the Ailao Mountains, south-western China. temperature variations since AD 1585 in ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 25(2): 315-325. the Gaoligong Mountains, southeastern 5. Chen, LG; Zhang, LP; Yu, DQ. 2010. Wounding- Tibetan Plateau. PALAEOGEOGRAPHY induced WRKY8 is involved in basal defense PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE 296(1-2): 94-102. INTERACTIONS 23(5): 558-565. 12. Fang, HJ; Yu, GR; Cheng, SL; Zhu, TH; Wang, 6. Chen, X; Zeng, QC; Lu, XP; Yu, DQ; Li, WZ. YS; Yan, JH; Wang, M; Cao, M; Zhou, M;. 2010. Characterization and expression 2010. Effects of multiple environmental

analysis of four glycine-rich RNA-binding factors on CO2 emission and CH4 uptake from proteins involved in osmotic response in old-growth forest soils. BIOGEOSCIENCES tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv.Xanthi). 7(1): 395-407. AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES IN CHINA 9(11): 13. Fu, QT; Li, SJ; Yu, DQ. 2010. Identification of an 1577-1587. Arabidopsis Nodulin-related protein in heat 7. Deng, X; Fang, Z; Liu, YH. 2010. Ultrasonic stress. MOLECULES AND CELLS 29(1): 77-84. transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. oil 14. Fu, YN; Chen, J; Guo, H; Hu, HB; Chen, AG; Cui, to biodiesel by a two-step process. ENERGY JY. 2010. Agrobiodiversity loss and livelihood CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT 51(12): vulnerability as a consequence of converting Publications 2802-2807. from subsistence farming systems to 8. Deng, ZJ; Cheng, HY; Song, SQ. 2010. Effects commercial plantation-dominated systems in of temperature, scarification, dry storage, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China: a household

Photo by XIAO Chunfeng Annual Report 2010 80 81 level analysis. LAND DEGRADATION & NATURALIST 176(5): E128-E142. rain forest in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. 39. Lv, XT; Tang, JW. 2010. Structure and DEVELOPMENT 21(3): 274-284. 23. Jacques, FMB; Zhou, ZK. 2010. Geometric HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES 24(17): 2405-2416. composition of the understory treelets in 15. Gao, J; Zhao, GY; Yu, YS; Liu, FL. 2010. High morphometrics: a powerful tool for the 31. Liang, G; Yang, FX; Yu, DQ. 2010. a non-dipterocarp forest of tropical Asia. concentration of nectar quercetin enhances study of shape evolution in Menispermaceae MicroRNA395 mediates regulation of sulfate FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT worker resistance to queen’s signals in bees. endocarps. TAXON 59(3): 881-895. accumulation and allocation in Arabidopsis 260(4): 565-572. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY 36(11): 24. Kembel SW; Cowan, PD; Helmus, MR; thaliana. PLANT JOURNAL 62(6): 1046-1057. 40. Na, Z; Hu, HB, Fan, QF. 2010. A novel caged- 1241-1243. Cornwell, WK; Morlon, H; Ackerly, DD; 32. Liao, SX; Mi, XJ; Liu, AZ; Li, K; Yang, ZY; Tian, prenylxanthone from Garcinia bracteata. 16. Han, B; Zou, XM; Kong, JJ; Sha, LQ; Gong, Blomberg, SP; Webb, CO. 2010. Picante: R B. 2010. Isolation and characterization CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS 21(4):443-445. HD; Yu, Z; Cao, T. 2010. Nitrogen fixation of tools for integrating phylogenies and ecology. of polymorphic microsatellite markers in 41. Na, Z; Hu, HB; Fan, QF. 2010. Three New Caged epiphytic plants enwrapping trees in Ailao BIOINFORMATICS 26(11): 1463-1464. Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz (Cupressaceae). Prenylxanthones from Garcinia bracteata. Mountain cloud forests, Yunnan, China. 25. Kettle, CJ; Ghazoul, J; Ashton, PS; Cannon, HORTSCIENCE 45(1): 169-171. HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA 93(5): 958-963. PROTOPLASMA 247(1-2): 103-110. CH; Chong, L; Diway, B; Faridah, E; Harrison, 33. Liu, AZ; Kress, WJ; Li, DZ. 2010. Phylogenetic 42. Na, Z; Xu, YK. 2010. A new prenylated 17. Han, L; Xie, LJ; Dai, KJ; Yang, Q; Cai, ZQ. 2010. R; Hector, A; Hollingsworth, P; Koh, LP; Khoo, analyses of the banana family (Musaceae) based xanthone from Garcinia xipshuanbannaensis Contrasting leaf characteristics of trees and E; Kitayama, K; Kartawinata, K; Marshall, on nuclear ribosomal (ITS) and chloroplast YH Li. NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH 24(17): lianas in secondary and mature forests in AJ; Maycock, CR; Nanami, S; Paoli, G; Potts, (trnL-F) evidence. TAXON 59(1): 20-28. 1648-1653. southwestern China. PHOTOSYNTHETICA MD; Sheil, D; Tan, S; Tomoaki, I; Webb, C; 34. Liu, WJ; Liu, WY; Li, PJ; Duan, WP; Li, HM. 43. Niu, YF; Feng, YL; Xie, JL; Luo, FC. 2010. Noxious 48(4): 559-566. Yamakura, T; Burslem, DFRP. 2010. Mass 2010. Dry season water uptake by two invasive Eupatorium adenophorum may be 18. Hao, GY; Sack, L; Wang, AY; Cao, KF; Goldstein, fruiting in Borneo: a missed opportunity. dominant canopy tree species in a tropical a moving target: Implications of the finding G. 2010. Differentiation of leaf water flux SCIENCE 330(6004): 584. seasonal rainforest of Xishuangbanna, of a native natural enemy, Dorylus orientalis. and drought tolerance traits in hemiepiphytic 26. Kong, JJ; Xia, YM; Li, QJ. 2010. Inflorescence SW China. AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN 55(33): 3743-3745. and non-hemiepiphytic Ficus tree species. and flower development in the Hedychieae METEOROLOGY 150(3): 380-388. 44. Pan, JL; Fu, QT; Xu, ZF. 2010. Agrobacterium FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY 24(4): 731-740. (Zingiberaceae): Hedychium coccineum Smith. 35. Liu, YL; Liu, FL. 2010. Post-ingestive effect of tumefaciens-mediated transformation 19. Helmus, MR; Keller, W; Paterson, MJ; Yan, ND; PROTOPLASMA 247(1-2): 83-90. plant phenolics on the feeding behaviour of of biofuel plant Jatropha curcas using Cannon, CH; Rusak, JA. 2010. Communities 27. Li, SJ; Zhou, X; Chen, LG; Huang, WD; Yu, the honeybee Apis cerana. PHYSIOLOGICAL kanamycin selection. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF contain closely related species during DQ. 2010. Functional characterization of ENTOMOLOGY 35(2): 175-178. BIOTECHNOLOGY 9(39): 6477-6481. ecosystem disturbance. ECOLOGY LETTERS Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY39 in heat stress. 36. Lu, XT; Yin, JX; Jepsen, MR; Tang, JW. 2010. 45. Peng, YQ; Compton, SG; Yang, DR. 2010. The 13(2): 162-174. MOLECULES AND CELLS 29(5): 475-483. Ecosystem carbon storage and partitioning reproductive success of Ficus altissima and its 20. Huang, W; Zhang, SB; Cao, KF. 2010. 28. Li, XS; Liu, WY; Chen, JW; Tang, CQ; Yuan, CM. in a tropical seasonal forest in Southwestern pollinator in a strongly seasonal environment: Stimulation of cyclic electron flow during 2010. Regeneration pattern of primary forest China. FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Xishuangbanna, Southwestern China. PLANT recovery after chilling-induced photoinhibition species across forest-field gradients in the 260(10): 1798-1803. ECOLOGY 209(2): 227-236. of PSII. PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY 51(11): subtropical Mountains of Southwestern China. 37. Lu, XT; Yin, JX; Tang, JW. 2010. Structure, tree 46. Peng, YQ; Zhao, JB; Harrison, RD; Yang, DR. 1922-1928. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 123(6): 751-761. species diversity and composition of tropical 2010. Ecology of parasite Sycophilomorpha 21. Huang, W; Zhang, SB; Cao, KF. 2010. The 29. Li, XS; Liu, WY; Tang CQ. 2010. The role seasonal rainforests in Xishuangbanna, south- sp. on Ficus altissima and its effect on the fig- different effects of chilling stress under of the soil seed and seedling bank in the west China. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST fig wasp mutualism. PARASITOLOGY 137(13): moderate light intensity on photosystem regeneration of diverse plant communities in SCIENCE 22(3): 260-270. 1913-1919. II compared with photosystem I and the subtropical Ailao Mountains, Southwest 38. Luo, YL; Li, QJ. 2010. Effects of light and low 47. Phillips, OL; van der Heijden, G; Lewis, SL; subsequent recovery in tropical tree species. China. ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 25(6): temperature on the reciprocal style curvature Lopez-Gonzalez, G; Aragao, LEOC; Lloyd, J; PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 103(3): 175-182. 1171-1182. of Flexistylous Alpinia Species (Zingiberaceae). Malhi, Y; Monteagudo, A; Almeida, S; Davila, 22. Ives, AR; Helmus, MR. 2010. Phylogenetic 30. Li, ZH; Zhang, YP; Wang, SS; Yuan, GF; Yang, Y; ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM 32(6): EA; Amaral, I; Andelman, S; Andrade, A; Arroyo, metrics of community similarity. AMERICAN Cao, M. 2010. Evapotranspiration of a tropical 1229-1234. L; Aymard, G; Baker, TR; Blanc, L; Bonal, D; de

Annual Report 2010 82 83 Oliveira, ACA; Chao, KJ; Cardozo, ND; da Costa, tropical everwet forest. OECOLOGIA 164(3): Litter fall production, decomposition and 70. Xiao, LQ; Moller, M; Zhu, H. 2010. High nrDNA L; Feldpausch, TR; Fisher, JB; Fyllas, NM; Freitas, 841-849. nutrient use efficiency varies with tropical ITS polymorphism in the ancient extant seed MA; Galbraith, D; Gloor, E; Higuchi, N; Honorio, 53. Song, Y; Ai, CR; Jing, SJ; Yu, DQ. 2010. forest types in Xishuangbanna, SW China: plant Cycas: Incomplete concerted evolution E; Jimenez, E; Keeling, H; Killeen, TJ; Lovett, Research progress on functional analysis of a 10-year study. PLANT AND SOIL 335(1-2): and the origin of pseudogenes. MOLECULAR JC; Meir, P; Mendoza, C; Morel, A; Vargas, rice WRKY genes. RICE SCIENCE 17(1): 60-72. 271-288. PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION 55(1): PN; Patino, S; Peh, KSH; Cruz, AP; Prieto, A; 54. Song, Y; Chen, LG; Zhang, LP; Yu, DQ. 2010. 62. van Welzen, PC; Kulju, KKM; Sierra, SEC; Slik, 168-177. Quesada, CA; Ramirez, F; Ramirez, H; Rudas, Overexpression of OsWRKY72 gene interferes JWF. 2010. Key to the Malesian species of 71. Xin, X; Jing, XM; Liu, Y; Song, SQ. 2010. A; Salamao, R; Schwarz, M; Silva, J; Silveira, in the abscisic acid signal and auxin transport Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae). BLUMEA 55(3): Viability loss pattern under rapid dehydration M; Slik, JWF; Sonke, B; Thomas, AS; Stropp, pathway of Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF 285-290. of Antiaris toxicaria Axes and its relation to J; Taplin, JRD; Vasquez, R; Vilanova, E. 2010. BIOSCIENCES 35(3): 459-471. 63. Wang, ZH; Li, J; Conran, JG; Li, HW. 2010. oxidative damage. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE Drought-mortality relationships for tropical 55. Sun S, Zhang DY, Ives AR, Li QJ. 2010. Why do Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian endemic PLANT BIOLOGY 52(5): 434-441. forests. NEW PHYTOLOGIST 187(3): 631-646. stigmas move in a flexistylous plant? JOURNAL genus Neocinnamomum H. Liu (Lauraceae). 72. Xu, FF; Chen, J. 2010. Competition hierarchy 48. Qiu, LJ; Yang, C; Tian, B; Yang, JB; Liu, AZ. OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 24: 497-504. PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION and plant defense in a guild of ants on tropical 2010. Exploiting EST databases for the 56. Tan, K; Li, H; Yang, MX; Hepburn, HR; Radloff, 290(1-4): 173-184. Passiflora. INSECTES SOCIAUX 57(3): 343-349. development and characterization of EST-SSR SE. 2010. Wasp hawking induces endothermic 64. Wang, ZJ; Peng, YQ; Compton, SG; Yang, DR. 73. Yang, MX; Tan, K; Radloff, SE; Phiancharoen, markers in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). heat production in guard bees. JOURNAL OF 2010. Reproductive strategies of two forms M; Hepburn, HR. 2010. Comb construction BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 10: 278. INSECT SCIENCE 10: 142. of flightless males in a non-pollinating fig in mixed-species colonies of honeybees, 49. Ren, XJ; Huang, WD; Li, WZ; Yu, DQ. 2010. 57. Tan, K; Wang, ZW; Li, H; Yang, MX; Pirk, CWW; wasp under partial local mate competition. Apis cerana and Apis mellifera. JOURNAL OF Tobacco transcription factor WRKY4 is a Hepburn, HR; Radloff, SE. 2010. Responses ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY 35(6): 691-697. EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 213(10): 1659-1664. modulator of leaf development and disease of queenright and queenless workers of 65. Wang, ZJ; Zhang, FP; Peng, YQ; Bai, LF; Yang, DR. 74. Yin, JT; Gusman, G. 2010. Arisaema resistance. BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 54(4): Apis Cerana to 9-keto-2(E)-decenoic acid, a 2010. Comparison of reproductive strategies in linearifolium (Araceae), a new species from 684-690. pheromonal constituent of the Mandibular two externally ovipositing non-pollinating fig northern Yunnan, China. ANNALES BOTANICI 50. Shao, JL; Long, YS; Chen, G; Xie, J; Xu, ZF. 2010. gland. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY wasps. SYMBIOSIS 51(2): 181-186. FENNICI 47(1): 76-78. The reversed terminator of octopine synthase 36(9): 966-968. 66. Webb, CO; Slik, JWF; Triono, T. 2010. 75. Zhang, FP; Yang, DR. 2010. Study on mating gene on the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid has 58. Tan, K; Wang, ZW; Yang, MX; Hepburn, Biodiversity inventory and informatics ecology and sex ratio of three internally a weak promoter activity in prokaryotes. R; Radloff, S. 2010. Nestmate recognition in Southeast Asia. BIODIVERSITY AND ovipositing fig wasps of Ficus curtipes. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS 37(5): differences between honeybee colonies of CONSERVATION 19(4): 955-972. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2157-2162. Apis cerana and Apis mellifera. JOURNAL OF 67. Wen, B, Wang, RL; Cheng, HY; Song, SQ. 2010. 100(2): 241-245. 51. Slik, JWF; Aiba, SI; Brearley, FQ; Cannon CH; INSECT BEHAVIOR 23(5): 381-388. Cytological and physiological changes in orthodox 76. Zhang, L; Li, QM. 2010. Isolation and Forshed O; Kitayama K; Nagamasu H; Nilus 59. Tan, ZH; Zhang, YP; Yu, GR; Sha, LQ; Tang, JW; maize embryos during cryopreservation. characterization of microsatellite markers in R; Payne J; Paoli G; Poulsen AD; Raes N; Deng, XB; Song, QH. 2010. Carbon balance PROTOPLASMA 239(1-4): 57-67. an endangered species Dracaena Cambodiana Sheil D; Sidiyasa K; Suzuki E; van Valkenburg of a primary tropical seasonal rain forest. 68. Wen, B; Cai, CT; Wang, RL; Tan, YH; Lan, QY. (Liliaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY JLCH. 2010. Environmental correlates of tree JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH- 2010. Critical moisture content windows differ 97(10): E91-E93. biomass, basal area, wood specific gravity ATMOSPHERES 115: D00H26. for the cryopreservation of pomelo (Citrus 77. Zhang, LW; Nurvianto, S; Harrison, R. 2010. and stem density gradients in Borneo's 60. Tang, CQ; Zhao, MH; Li, XS; Ohsawa, M; grandis). SEEDS AND EMBRYONIC AXES. Factors affecting the distribution and tropical forests. GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND Ou, XK. Secondary succession of plant CRYOLETTERS 31(1): 29-39. abundance of Asplenium nidus L. in a tropical BIOGEOGRAPHY 19(1): 50-60. communities in a subtropical mountainous 69. Wen, B; Wang, RL. 2010. Pretreatment lowland rain forest in Peninsular Malaysia. 52. Slik, JWF; Breman, FC; Bernard, C; van Beek, region of SW China. ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH incubation for culture and cryopreservation BIOTROPICA 42(4): 464-469. M; Cannon, CH; Eichhorn, KAO; Sidiyasa, K. 25(1): 149-161. of Sabal embryos. PLANT CELL TISSUE AND 78. Zhang, M; Zou, XM; Schaefer DA. 2010. 2010. Fire as a selective force in a Bornean 61. Tang, JW; Cao, M; Zhang, JH; Li, MH. 2010. ORGAN CULTURE 102(2): 237-243. Alteration of soil labile organic carbon by

Annual Report 2010 84 85 invasive earthworms (Pontoscolex corethrurus) physiognomy changes in a rainforest remnant in tropical rubber plantations. EUROPEAN in Southern Yunnan, China after 48 years. JOURNAL OF SOIL BIOLOGY 46(2): 74-79. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL FOREST SCIENCE 79. Zhang, SB. 2010. Temperature acclimation of 22(1): 49-66. photosynthesis in Meconopsis horridula var. 87. Zhu, SD; Cao, KF. 2010. Contrasting cost- racemosa Prain. BOTANICAL STUDIES 51(4): benefit strategy between lianas and trees in a 457-464. tropical seasonal rain forest in southwestern 80. Zhang, SB; Chang, W; Hu, H. 2010. China. OECOLOGIA 163(3): 591-599. Photosynthetic characteristics of two alpine 88. Zhu, XF; Wan, JP; Li, QJ. 2010. Nectar flowers, Meconopsis integrifolia and Primula robbers pollinate flowers with sexual organs sinopurpurea. JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL hidden within corollas in distylous Primula SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY 85(4): 335-340. secundiflora (Primulaceae). BIOLOGY LETTERS 81. Zhang, YP; Tan, ZH; Song, QH; Yu, GR; 6(6): 785-787. Sun, XM. 2010. Respiration controls the 89. Zou, CS; Jiang, WB; Yu, DQ. 2010. Male unexpected seasonal pattern of carbon flux gametophyte-specific WRKY34 transcription in an Asian tropical rain forest. ATMOSPHERIC factor mediates cold sensitivity of mature ENVIRONMENT 44(32): 3886-3893. pollen in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF 82. Zhao, JL; He, TH; Li, QM. 2010. Contrasting EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 61(4): 3901-3914. coarse and fine scale genetic structure 90. Zou, CS; Li, ZF; Yu, DQ. 2010. Bacillus among isolated relic populations of Kmeria megaterium Strain XTBG34 promotes plant septentrionalis. GENETICA 138(9-10): 939-944. growth by producing 2-pentylfuran. JOURNAL 83. Zhao, Y; Zhang, SB; Yang, J; Zhang, L. 2010. OF MICROBIOLOGY 48(4): 460-466. Characterization of 13 microsatellite loci 91. Zou, CS; Yu, DQ. 2010. Analysis of the cold- developed from Meconopsis horridula. responsive transcriptome in the mature GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY pollen of Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT 33(3):539-541. BIOLOGY 53(6): 400-416. 84. Zhong, JS; Li, J; Li, L; Conran, JG; Li, HW. 2010. Phylogeny of Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach (Lamiaceae) and related genera inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS, trnL-trnF Region, and rps16 intron sequences and morphology. SYSTEMATIC BOTANY 35(1): 207-219. 85. Zhou, HP; Chen, J. 2010. Spatial genetic structure in an understorey dioecious fig species: the roles of seed rain, seed and pollen-mediated gene flow, and local selection. JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 98(5): 1168-1177. 86. Zhu, H; Wang, H; Zhou, SS. 2010. Species diversity, floristic composition and

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