LEPTOSPIRA: Morphology, Classification and Pathogenesis
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Product Description EN Bactoreal® Kit Chlamydiaceae
Product Description BactoReal® Kit Chlamydiaceae For research only, not for diagnostic use BactoReal® Kit Chlamydiaceae Order no. Reactions Pathogen Internal positive control DVEB03113 100 FAM channel Cy5 channel DVEB03153 50 FAM channel Cy5 channel DVEB03111 100 FAM channel VIC/HEX channel DVEB03151 50 FAM channel VIC/HEX channel Kit contents: Detection assay for Chlamydia and Chlamydophila species Detection assay for internal positive control (control of amplification) DNA reaction mix (contains uracil-N glycosylase, UNG) Positive control for Chlamydiaceae Water Background: The Chlamydiaceae family currently includes two genera and one candidate genus: genus Chlamydia (including the species Chlamydia muridarum, Chlamydia suis, Chlamydia trachomatis), genus Chlamydophila (including the species Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila caviae Chlamydophila felis, Chlamydia pecorum, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci), and candidatus Clavochlamydia. All Chlamydiaceae are obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria that cause diseases in humans and animals worldwide. Description: BactoReal® Kit Chlamydiaceae is based on the amplification and detection of the 23S rRNA gene of C. muridarum, C. suis, C. trachomatis, C. abortus, C. caviae, C. felis, C. pecorum, C. pneumoniae and C. psittaci using real-time PCR. It allows the rapid and sensitive detection of the 23S rRNA gene of Chlamydiaceae from DNA samples purified from different sample material (e.g. with the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit). For subtyping please contact ingenetix. PCR-platforms: BactoReal® Kit Chlamydiaceae is developed and validated for the ABI PRISM® 7500 instrument (Life Technologies), LightCycler® 480 (Roche) and Mx3005P® QPCR System (Agilent), but is also suitable for other real-time PCR instruments. Sensitivity and specificity: BactoReal® Kit Chlamydiaceae detects at least 10 copies/reaction. -
Leptospirosis: a Waterborne Zoonotic Disease of Global Importance
August 2006 volume 22 number 08 Leptospirosis: A waterborne zoonotic disease of global importance INTRODUCTION syndrome has two phases: a septicemic and an immune phase (Levett, 2005). Leptospirosis is considered one of the most common zoonotic diseases It is in the immune phase that organ-specific damage and more severe illness globally. In the United States, outbreaks are increasingly being reported is seen. See text box for more information on the two phases. The typical among those participating in recreational water activities (Centers for Disease presenting signs of leptospirosis in humans are fever, headache, chills, con- Control and Prevention [CDC], 1996, 1998, and 2001) and sporadic cases are junctival suffusion, and myalgia (particularly in calf and lumbar areas) often underdiagnosed. With the onset of warm temperatures, increased (Heymann, 2004). Less common signs include a biphasic fever, meningitis, outdoor activities, and travel, Georgia may expect to see more leptospirosis photosensitivity, rash, and hepatic or renal failure. cases. DIAGNOSIS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by infection with the bacterium Leptospira Detecting serum antibodies against leptospira interrogans. The disease occurs worldwide, but it is most common in temper- • Microscopic Agglutination Titers (MAT) ate regions in the late summer and early fall and in tropical regions during o Paired serum samples which show a four-fold rise in rainy seasons. It is not surprising that Hawaii has the highest incidence of titer confirm the diagnosis; a single high titer in a per- leptospirosis in the United States (Levett, 2005). The reservoir of pathogenic son clinically suspected to have leptospirosis is highly leptospires is the renal tubules of wild and domestic animals. -
Taxonomy JN869023
Species that differentiate periods of high vs. low species richness in unattached communities Species Taxonomy JN869023 Bacteria; Actinobacteria; Actinobacteria; Actinomycetales; ACK-M1 JN674641 Bacteria; Bacteroidetes; [Saprospirae]; [Saprospirales]; Chitinophagaceae; Sediminibacterium JN869030 Bacteria; Actinobacteria; Actinobacteria; Actinomycetales; ACK-M1 U51104 Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Betaproteobacteria; Burkholderiales; Comamonadaceae; Limnohabitans JN868812 Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Betaproteobacteria; Burkholderiales; Comamonadaceae JN391888 Bacteria; Planctomycetes; Planctomycetia; Planctomycetales; Planctomycetaceae; Planctomyces HM856408 Bacteria; Planctomycetes; Phycisphaerae; Phycisphaerales GQ347385 Bacteria; Verrucomicrobia; [Methylacidiphilae]; Methylacidiphilales; LD19 GU305856 Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Alphaproteobacteria; Rickettsiales; Pelagibacteraceae GQ340302 Bacteria; Actinobacteria; Actinobacteria; Actinomycetales JN869125 Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Betaproteobacteria; Burkholderiales; Comamonadaceae New.ReferenceOTU470 Bacteria; Cyanobacteria; ML635J-21 JN679119 Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Betaproteobacteria; Burkholderiales; Comamonadaceae HM141858 Bacteria; Acidobacteria; Holophagae; Holophagales; Holophagaceae; Geothrix FQ659340 Bacteria; Verrucomicrobia; [Pedosphaerae]; [Pedosphaerales]; auto67_4W AY133074 Bacteria; Elusimicrobia; Elusimicrobia; Elusimicrobiales FJ800541 Bacteria; Verrucomicrobia; [Pedosphaerae]; [Pedosphaerales]; R4-41B JQ346769 Bacteria; Acidobacteria; [Chloracidobacteria]; RB41; Ellin6075 -
Treponema Borrelia Family: Leptospiraceae Genus: Leptospira Gr
Bacteriology lecture no.12 Spirochetes 3rd class -The spirochetes: are a large ,heterogeneous group of spiral ,motile bacteria. Although, • there are at least eight genera in this family ,only the genera Treponema,Borrelia,and Leptospira which contain organism pathogenic for humans . -There are some reports of intestinal spirochetes ,that have been isolated from biopsy material ,these are Brachyspira pilosicoli,and Brachyspira aalborgi. *Objectives* Taxonomy Order: Spirochaetales Family: Spirochaetaceae Genus: Treponema Borrelia Family: Leptospiraceae Genus: Leptospira -Gram-negative spirochetes -Spirochete from Greek for “coiled hair "they are : *1*Extremely thin and can be very long *2* Motile by periplasmic flagella (axial fibrils or endoflagella) *3*Outer sheath encloses axial fibrils *4*Axial fibrils originate from insertion pores at both poles of cell 1 Bacteriology lecture no.12 Spirochetes 3rd class Spirochaetales Associated Human Diseases Treponema Main Treponema are: - T. pallidum subspecies pallidum - Syphilis: Venereal (sexual) disease 2 Bacteriology lecture no.12 Spirochetes 3rd class - T. pertenue - Yaws Non venereal - T. carateum - Pinta skin disease All three species are morphologically identical Characteristics of T.pallidum 1-They are long ,slender ,helically coiled ,spiral or cork –screw shaped bacilli. 2-T.pallidum has an outer sheath or glycosaminoglycan contain peptidoglycan and maintain the structural integrity of the organisms. 3-Endoflagella (axial filament ) are the flagella-like organelles in the periplasmic space encased by the outer membranes . 4-The endoflagella begin at each end of the organism and wind around it ,extending to and overlapping at the midpoint. 5- Inside the endoflagella is the inner membrane (cytoplasmic membrane)that provide osmotic stability and cover the protoplasmic cylinders . -
Phylogenetic Foundation of Spirochetes
J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2000) 2(4): 341-344. JMMBSpirochete Symposium Phylogeny on341 Spirochete Physiology Phylogenetic Foundation of Spirochetes Bruce J. Paster* and Floyd E. Dewhirst Spirochaetales that is divided into three families; namely the Spirochaetaceae, the Brachyspiraceae, and the Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Leptospiraceae. The phylogenetic relationships of 140 Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA representatives of each genus are shown in Figure 1. The Spirochaetaceae are separated into 6 genera— Borrelia, Brevinema, Cristispira, Spirochaeta, “Spironema”, Abstract and Treponema. New genera of termite spirochetes, such as Clevelandina, Diplocalyx, and Hollandina, have been The spirochetes are free-living or host-associated, described on the basis of differences in ultrastructural traits helical bacteria, some of which are pathogenic to man (Breznak, 1984). It has been suggested that they also and animal. Comparisons of 16S rRNA sequences belong in the family Spirochaetaceae, but no sequence demonstrate that the spirochetes represent a information is presently available to determine their monophyletic phylum within the bacteria. The phylogenetic position within the spirochetes. spirochetes are presently classified in the Class The Brachyspiraceae contain the genus Brachyspira Spirochaetes in the order Spirochetales and are (Serpulina). Due to the close phylogenetic relationship of divided into three major phylogenetic groupings, or B. aarlborgi to species characterized as Serpulina, it has families. The first family Spirochaetaceae contains been recommended that a single genus be justified. Thus, species of the genera Borrelia, Brevinema, Cristispira, Brachyspira takes precedence over Serpulina since the Spirochaeta, Spironema, and Treponema. The second former genus was listed first as a valid name (Hovind- family Brachyspiraceae contains the genus Hougen et al., 1983). -
Characterization of the First Cultured Representative of Verrucomicrobia Subdivision 5 Indicates the Proposal of a Novel Phylum
The ISME Journal (2016) 10, 2801–2816 OPEN © 2016 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved 1751-7362/16 www.nature.com/ismej ORIGINAL ARTICLE Characterization of the first cultured representative of Verrucomicrobia subdivision 5 indicates the proposal of a novel phylum Stefan Spring1, Boyke Bunk2, Cathrin Spröer3, Peter Schumann3, Manfred Rohde4, Brian J Tindall1 and Hans-Peter Klenk1,5 1Department Microorganisms, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany; 2Department Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany; 3Department Central Services, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany and 4Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz-Centre of Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany The recently isolated strain L21-Fru-ABT represents moderately halophilic, obligately anaerobic and saccharolytic bacteria that thrive in the suboxic transition zones of hypersaline microbial mats. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes, RpoB proteins and gene content indicated that strain L21-Fru-ABT represents a novel species and genus affiliated with a distinct phylum-level lineage originally designated Verrucomicrobia subdivision 5. A survey of environmental 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that members of this newly recognized phylum are wide-spread and ecologically important in various anoxic environments ranging from hypersaline sediments to wastewater and the intestine of animals. Characteristic phenotypic traits of the novel strain included the formation of extracellular polymeric substances, a Gram-negative cell wall containing peptidoglycan and the absence of odd-numbered cellular fatty acids. Unusual metabolic features deduced from analysis of the genome sequence were the production of sucrose as osmoprotectant, an atypical glycolytic pathway lacking pyruvate kinase and the synthesis of isoprenoids via mevalonate. -
Leptospira Noguchii and Human and Animal Leptospirosis, Southern Brazil
LETTERS Leptospira noguchii previously isolated from animals such titer of 25 against saprophytic sero- as armadillo, toad, spiny rat, opossum, var Andamana by MAT. Both patients and Human and nutria, the least weasel (Mustela niva- were from the rural area of Pelotas. Animal Leptospirosis, lis), cattle, and the oriental fi re-bellied Unfortunately, convalescent-phase se- Southern Brazil toad (Bombina orientalis) in Argen- rum samples were not obtained from tina, Peru, Panama, Barbados, Ni- these patients. To the Editor: Pathogenic lep- caragua, and the United States (1,6). A third isolate (Hook strain) was tospires, the causative agents of lep- Human leptospirosis associated with obtained from a male stray dog with tospirosis, exhibit wide phenotypic L. noguchii has been reported only in anorexia, lethargy, weight loss, disori- and genotypic variations. They are the United States, Peru, and Panama, entation, diarrhea, and vomiting. The currently classifi ed into 17 species and with the isolation of strains Autum- animal died as a consequence of the >200 serovars (1,2). Most reported nalis Fort Bragg, Tarassovi Bac 1376, disease. The isolate was obtained from cases of leptospirosis in Brazil are of and Undesignated 2050, respectively a kidney tissue culture. No temporal urban origin and caused by Leptospira (1,6). The Fort Bragg strain was iso- or spatial relationship was found be- interrogans (3). Brazil underwent a lated during an outbreak among troops tween the 3 cases. dramatic demographic transformation at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. It was Serogrouping was performed by due to uncontrolled growth of urban identifi ed as the causative agent of an using a panel of rabbit antisera. -
Dietary High Zinc Oxide Modulates the Microbiome of Ileum and Colon in Weaned Piglets
fmicb-08-00825 May 5, 2017 Time: 16:5 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 09 May 2017 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00825 Dietary High Zinc Oxide Modulates the Microbiome of Ileum and Colon in Weaned Piglets Ting Yu1†, Cui Zhu1†, Shicheng Chen2†, Lei Gao3, Hang Lv4, Ruowei Feng1, Qingfeng Zhu1, Jinsong Xu1, Zhuang Chen1* and Zongyong Jiang1,4* 1 Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China, 2 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, 3 Key Laboratory of Crops Genetics and Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China, 4 Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China), Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China Dietary zinc oxide (ZnO) at pharmacological level has been widely used to prevent and treat diarrhea in weaning piglets. Despite its importance for promoting animal health and performance, the influence of microbiome profiles in intestinal tracts by ZnO needs to be comprehensively investigated. In this study, we conducted a comparative microbial community analysis in the ileum and colon of piglets fed by either control Edited by: diet, high ZnO (3,000 mg/kg) supplement or antibiotics (300 mg/kg chlortetracycline Jana Seifert, and 60 mg/kg colistin sulfate) supplement. Our results showed that both high University of Hohenheim, Germany dietary ZnO and in-feed antibiotics supplementations significantly increased 5 phyla Reviewed by: Metzler-Zebeli Barbara, of Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, Euryarchaeota, Verrucomicrobia, TM7, and reduced 1 University of Veterinary phyla of Chlamydiae in ileal digesta. -
Research Article Review Jmb
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2017), 27(0), 1–7 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1707.07027 Research Article Review jmb Methods 20,546 sequences and all the archaeal datasets were normalized to 21,154 sequences by the “sub.sample” Bioinformatics Analysis command. The filtered sequences were classified against The raw read1 and read2 datasets was demultiplexed by the SILVA 16S reference database (Release 119) using a trimming the barcode sequences with no more than 1 naïve Bayesian classifier built in Mothur with an 80% mismatch. Then the sequences with the same ID were confidence score [5]. Sequences passing through all the picked from the remaining read1 and read2 datasets by a filtration were also clustered into OTUs at 6% dissimilarity self-written python script. Bases with average quality score level. Then a “classify.otu” function was utilized to assign lower than 25 over a 25 bases sliding window were the phylogenetic information to each OTU. excluded and sequences which contained any ambiguous base or had a final length shorter than 200 bases were Reference abandoned using Sickle [1]. The paired reads were assembled into contigs and any contigs with an ambiguous 1. Joshi NA, FJ. 2011. Sickle: A sliding-window, adaptive, base, more than 8 homopolymeric bases and fewer than 10 quality-based trimming tool for FastQ files (Version 1.33) bp overlaps were culled. After that, the contigs were [Software]. further trimmed to get rid of the contigs that have more 2. Schloss PD. 2010. The Effects of Alignment Quality, than 1 forward primer mismatch and 2 reverse primer Distance Calculation Method, Sequence Filtering, and Region on the Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene-Based Studies. -
Attachment of Treponema Denticola Strains to Monolayers of Epithelial Cells of Different Origin 29
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/145980 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-08 and may be subject to change. ATTACHMENT OF TREPONEMA DENTICOLA, IN PARTICULAR STRAIN ATCC 33520, TO EPITHELIAL CELLS AND ERYTHROCYTES. - AN IN VITRO STUDY - L—J Print: Offsetdrukkerij Ridderprint B.V., Ridderkerk ATTACHMENT OF TREPONEMA DENTICOLA, IN PARTICULAR STRAIN ATCC 33520, TO EPITHELIAL CELLS AND ERYTHROCYTES. - AN IN VITRO STUDY - een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied van de Medische Wetenschappen Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, volgens besluit van het College van Decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 19 mei 1995 des namiddags te 3.30 uur precies door Robert Antoine Cornelius Keulers geboren op 4 april 1957 te Geertruidenberg Promotor: Prof. Dr. K.G. König. Co-promotores: Dr. J.C. Maltha Dr. F.H.M. Mikx Ouders, Familie, Vrienden Table of contents Page Chapter 1: General introduction 9 Chapter 2: Attachment of Treponema denticola strains to monolayers of epithelial cells of different origin 29 Chapter 3: Attachment of Treponema denticola strains ATCC 33520, ATCC 35405, Bll and Ny541 to a morphologically distinct population of rat palatal epithelial cells 35 Chapter 4: Involvement of treponemal surface-located protein and carbohydrate moieties in the attachment of Treponema denticola ATCC 33520 to cultured rat palatal epithelial cells 43 Chapter 5: Hemagglutination activity of Treponema denticola grown in serum-free medium in continuous culture 51 Chapter 6: Development of an in vitro model to study the invasion of oral spirochetes: A pilot study 59 Chapter 7: General discussion 71 Chapter 8: Summary, Samenvatting, References 85 Appendix: Ultrastructure of Treponema denticola ATCC 33520 113 Dankwoord 121 Curriculum vitae 123 Chapter 1 General introduction Table of contents chapter 1 Page 1.1. -
Syphilis and HIV Co-Infection
PHD THESIS DANISH MEDICAL JOURNAL Syphilis and HIV co-infection Epidemiology, treatment and molecular typing of Treponema pallidum Kirsten Salado-Rasmussen among MSM, MSM represented 78% of the cases in 2003–2004 (12). Also in contrast to earlier, where most syphilis patients re- This review has been accepted as a thesis together with three previously published papers by University of Copenhagen March 22 2015 and defended on April 17 2015. ported being infected in Eastern Europe, Africa and Asia (10), the majority of the patients now report acquiring syphilis in Denmark Tutor(s): Jan Gerstoft, Terese Lea Katzenstein & Jørgen Skov Jensen. (13). In 2010 screening of pregnant women was re-introduced in Official opponents: Gitte Kronborg, Lars Østergaard & David Mabey. Denmark (14) after the screening had been discontinued as a gen- eral screening in 1998 (10). Correspondence: Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø. Denmark Syphilis and HIV co-infection E-mail: [email protected] Syphilis and HIV are strongly linked with one another. The propor- tion of patients with concurrent HIV at the time of syphilis diagno- sis has been substantial since the reemergence of the disease in Dan Med J 2015;62(12):B5176 Denmark (11;13;15) and peaked in 2008 where 58% of MSM diag- nosed with syphilis had concurrent HIV (16). By contrast, only THE 3 ORIGINAL PAPERS ARE 32% of MSM diagnosed with syphilis in 2013 had concurrent HIV 1. Risk of HIV or second syphilis infection in Danish men – leaving 68% susceptible to infection with HIV (13). In study I of with newly acquired syphilis in the period 2000–2010.