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The purification of Cochlodinium. Sp and a comparative research on its mass cultivation

Item Type monograph

Authors Ghorbani Vagheie, Reza; Faghih, Gh.; Ghorbani, R.; Asadi, A.; paygozar, A.; Mohsenizadeh, F.; Dalirpour, Gh.; Haghshenase, A.; Fllahi, M.; Tavakoli, H.; Hafezieh, M.

Publisher Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute

Download date 05/10/2021 07:52:03

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/39784

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( Cochlodinim polykrikoides )

. 1387

ESM Conway TMRL ( f/2-Si ) (modyfied ) f/2

200 1000 .

. (3 10 ) 16

. ( modyfied ) f/2

TMRL

( modyfied ) f/2 . 910000 3

. 1000 100

) /3 283 /000 / ( )3

/2 833 /000 / 500 ( 22 ) /6 393 /000 / 200 ( 15

. ( 46 ) /3 600 /000 / ( 40 )

TMRL

. ( modyfied ) f/2

TMRL

( 36 ) /3 207 /000 / 100 ( 12 ) /2 683 /000/

) /2 325 /000 / 1000 ( 18 ) /3 040 /000 / 250

. ( 28 ) 550 /000 / ( 34

32 ( f/2-Si ) Conway

. 2/

ESM

. 100

5/6 . ( modyfied ) f/2

f/2 ( /3 600 /000 / 3 )

( modyfied ) f/2 . ( modified )

. TMRL

. :

3 /...

Cochlodinium polykrikoides . (Secher, 2009 )

.( Mulholland et al., 2009 )

4 3Ĥ 2 1 Cochlodinium

.( Algaebase, 2011 )

5 .

.( Mitra et al., 2006 )

/02 001 .( Mitra et al., 2006 )

30 40 C. polykrikoides .( Mitra et al., 2006) 2

.( http://botany.si.edu ) 20 30

. .

Gymnodiniaceae -٤ Dinoflagellata ١- Cochlodinium ٥- Dinophyceae ٢- Armored -٦ Gymnodinales ٣-

c a 6

(. Paralytic shellfish poisoning, 2007 )

.( 1387 )

Kim .( Vicente, 2002 ) 8 7

C. polykrikoides 2009

11 10 9

Yatsushiro Cochlodinium 12

) 13 . (Kim, 2009 ) polykrikoides

- C. polykrikoides ( O2 H2O2

.( Tang and Gobler., 2009 )

C. polykrikoides

Tang et al., ) C. polykrikoides 14

C. polykrikoides 2010 Tatsuya Kim .( 2009

Zinc- bound paralytic shellfish poisoning - ١٢ Anoxia ٧- Ichthyotoxicity - ١٣ Asphyxiation ٨- Reactive oxygen species- ١٤ Neurotoxic ٩- Engulf ١٥- Hemolytic ١٠- Hemagglutinative - ١١

5 /...

( OH )

- . ( O2 )

Cochlodinium polykrikoides 2004 Jeong

. 15

Heterosigma akashiwo Rhodomonas salina Isochrysis galbana ) 11

) 12 . Amphidinium carterae

Prorocentrum Alexandrium tamarense Scrippsiella sp Prorocentrum minimum Heterocapsa triquetra

. ( Lingulodinium polyedrum Akashiwo sanguine Gymnodinium catenatum micans

. 16 C. polykrikoides

2008 Kim

17 Cochlodinium polykrikoides

. 16S rDNA

. Micrococcus Janibacter Dietzia Bacillus C. polykrikoides

5 . Micrococcus luteus SY-13

90 C. polykrikoides

M. luteus SY-13 . 6 C. polykrikoides

C. polykrikoides

.( ×7/3 10 3 )

Kim . M. luteus SY-13

C. polykrikoides 18 2002

. 6 4

. 10 14 20

C. polykrikoides

. .

C. polykrikoides

. .( http://botany.si.edu )

C. polykrikoides .

2004 Saha Bilgrami .( Botani, 2011 )

( )

2006 Lee Lee .( Bilgrami and Saha, 2004 )

C. polykrikoides 1387 .( 1381 )

2010 Richlen .( http://aftabnews.ir )

Hyaline cyst - ١٨ Cryptophytes ١٦- Chemotaxonomic - ١٧ 7 /...

Corallina pilulifera 2006 Jeong

in vitro C. polykrikoides

. C. polykrikoides

C. . C. pilulifera

C. pilulifera . C. polykrikoides pilulifera

C. pilulifera

Prorocentrum Heterosigma akashiwo G. sanguineum Gymnodinium mikimotoi C. polykrikoides

. Pyraminonas sp. triestinum

C. polykrikoides 2008 Kudela

. 30 34 ( 11 30 )

Kim .

. C. polykrikoides 2010

. 16 5

( http://www.red-tide.org ) 28

.( http://botany.si.edu ) 8

C.polykricoides

.( Garate-Lizarrage et al., 2004 )

.( Garate-Lizarrage et al., 2004 ) 8/

C.polykricoides .( http://www.cearac-project.org)

. 19 ( )

.( Kim et al., 2007 ) 32

2008 Lee .

Kim . ( modified ) f/2 C. polykrikoides

C. polykrikoides 2004

2009 Kim .

ESM C. polykrikoides ( Chromis caerulea ) Damselfish

C. polykrikoides 2004 Sun .

Honjo . ( f/2Si)

2 2002

. 5 C. polykrikoides

C. polykrikoides

Side-folder ٢٢- Unarmored - ١٩ Irradiation - ٢٣ Resting cyct - ٢٠ 9 /...

6 . ( modyfied ) f/2 6

15 3 20 3

TMRL 3 .

.( 32 10 14 )

1000 500 250 200 100

2 ( 12 ) ( 12 )

UV .

. 21

. (Toshifum, 2003 ) 32

. 32

45/0 (TC-63 )

Iran Tab Zaeem- ) 121 15

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. 1 . 10/

.( Diwan et al., 2009 )

2 4 3 1

. 4 3

121 15 45/0

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. 1

11 /...

. 234( )

.( modyfied ) f/2 1:

. TMRL 2:

. Conway 3:

. ESM 4:

) 5:

(. 1 ) 32 ( 1

. (f/2-Si ) 6:

2 .( modyfied ) 12/

3 .

. TMRL 4 13 /...

( modified ) f/2

32 (f/2-Si ) ESM Conway TMRL

. ( 32 1 )1

( 1000 ) 100

. /0 0001 .

2 .

10 10

. 5 2 .

. 5000

.( modified ) f/2 162

. P 3 P 2 P1 3

P1 - 0/05 EDTA 1 0/04 MnCl 2.4H 2O 2 0/003 CoCl 2.6H 2O 3 0/055 ZnCl 2 4 0/02 H2SeO 3 5 . 1 -

14/

P2 - 1000 ( ) 1

18/6 H3BO 3 2 P3 - 1000 1

150 B12 2

1 B1 3 150 Biotin 4 .( modified ) f/2 -

2/0 NaNO 3 1

02/0 NaH 2PO 4.2H 2O 2

/0 015 Na 3 EDTA 3 /0 001 Fe EDTA 4 02/0 Tris 5

12 P1 6

5 P2 7

5/0 P3 8 100 Ampicilin 9 300 Kanamycin 10 300 Neomycin 11 . 1000 - TMRL 262 1 1 0/1 2 0/03 3 0/02 4 . 10 - 15 /...

Conway 362 A 10 1 2 2 13/0 3 04/0 4 3/3 5 5/4 EDTA 6

5 P2 7 . 100 - B 10 1 2 2 0/13 3 0/04 4 . 100 -

10 (B12 ) 1

2 (B1 ) 2 . 100 -

1 C B A 1 Conway

. 16/

ESM 462

120 NaNO 3 1

5 K2HPO 4 2

1/0 B1 3

01/0 B12 4 /0 001 5 26/0 EDTA-Fe 2+ 6 2+ 33/0 EDTA-Mn 7 1 ( ) 8 . 1000 -

( f/2-Si ) 562

CoCl 2.6H 2O= 0/01 1

CuSO 4.5H 2O= 0/01 2

FeCl 3.6H 2O= 3/15 3

Na 2MoO 4.2H 2O= 0/006 4

MnCl 2.4H 2O= 0/18 5

ZnSO 4.7H 2O= 0/022 6

Na 2EDTA= 4/36 7

NaNO 3=75 8

NaH 2PO 4. H 2O= 5 9 Biotin= 0/5 10 Thiamine.HCl= 0/1 11 . 1000 ( Ojha., 2006) :

. 266

32 1 1

. ( ) 17 /...

. 5( )

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. 7( ) 6( )

. 5 18/

. 6

19 /...

. ( )

. pH

( ANOVA )

.( P< 05/0 ) 20/

TMRL ( modified ) f/2

( modified ) ( f/2-Si ) ESM

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40 .

( ) 32

5/6 .

. ( modified ) 90 5/6/ 1

( f/2-Si ) ESM

1000 500 TMRL .

( )

. ( modyfied ) f/2

TMRL

. 42 910000 3

1000 100 ( modyfied ) f/2

( )3 .

( 47 ) /2 903 /000 / 100 ( 15 ) /3 283 /000 /

) /2 833 /000 / 500 ( 22 ) /6 393 /000 / 200

/3 600 /000 / ( 26 ) /2 650 /000 / 1000 ( 40

. 1 ( 46 )

TMRL 21 /...

. ( modyfied ) f/2

/3 207 /000 / 100 ( 12 ) /2 683 /000 / TMRL

500 ( 18 ) /3 040 /000 / 250 ( 36 )

( 34 ) /2 325 /000 / 1000 /3 973 /000 /

. 1 ( 28 ) 550 /000 /

32 ( f/2-Si ) Conway

100 ESM

. 8 .

. 10 1

pH 10 1

. 11 1 90( 29/3/ )( Modified ) f 2/ Sig. F 0/38 1/12 27113 /2 4 108453 24109 /3 13 313421 /5 17 421874 /5 22/

3283 2370 5000 a a 2283 4500 a 4000 3500 3000 1243 a 2500

1225 اددر 1 2000 a 1500

1000 500 0 1390/04/06 1390/04/13 1390/04/19 1390/04/21 1390/04/27 زنرش 1 1 90( 29/3/ ) 200 2 90( 5/4/ ) Sig. F 0** 9/4 78045 1/ 14 1092632 1/ 15947 30 478410 6/ 44 1571042 8/

6393 9000 a

8000 7000 3886 3490 bc 3447 4216 bc 3110 6000 bc b bc 5000 3440 2900 bc 1543 bc 1946 1800 4000 اددر 1 2140 cd bcd 1530 bcd 3000 bcd cd 2000

363 0 1000 d d 0 1 5 5 13 19 27 01 08 11 17 22 01 / / 4/2 / / / / / / 5/2 / 04 04 04 05 05 05 05 05 06 / / 0/0 / 0/ / / / / 0/0 / 90 90 90 90 90 390 1390 13 139 1390/04/25 13 139 1390/05/04 1 13 1390/05/1 1390 13 139 1390/05/29 13 زنرش 200 1 2 90( 04/ 05/ ) 23 /...

500 3 90( 15/4/ ) Sig. F 0** 27 1/ 45624 5/ 10 456245 2/ 1682 6/ 25 42066 6/ 35 498311 8/

4000 2760 3283 2650 a a 3500 a 2713 a 3000 2233 1743 2500 a 1337 a b 2000 1413

b اددر 1 1500 675 730 c c 1000 320

130 c 500 c 0

1 4 8 1 5 7 /0 /1 /1 /1 /22 /25 4/27 5/0 5/0 5 5 5 5 5 5 0 0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /0 /05/29 /06/01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 90 90/06/05 39 39 39 3 3 3 1390/ 1390/ 139 139 139 139 1 1 1 1 1 1 زنرش 500 1 3 90( 04/ 15/ ) 4 90( 13/4/ ) Sig. F 93/1 ns 56/1 12920 9/ 16 206735 7/ 8255 5/ 35 206388 4/ 51 1431590 9/ 24/

3493 3600 3310 7000 a a a 2773 2780 6000 a 3300 a a 5000 2046 a 4000 2066 1066 a a 926 a 3000 اددر

1 630 620 1265 a 2000 602 a 613 795 a 296 a a a a 1000

7 ` 5 2 5 2 5 0 6 2 1 2 2 /0 /0 /2 /29 /0 /0 /2 /30 5 5 5/ 5 5 6 6 6/ 6 6 0 /0 0 /0 /0 0 /0 /06/10 0 /0 /0 / 0 0 0 0/ 0 0 0 0 90 9 90/05/11 9 9 9 9 90/07/03 390/04/ 3 3 3 390/ 3 3 3 390/ 3 1 1 1 1 1390/05/171 1 139 1390/06/011 1 139 1390/06/181 1 139 زنرش 10 1 4 90( 04/ 13/ ) 5 90( 17/4/ ) Sig. F 18/0 ns 57/1 7030 8 56240 1/ 4467 9/ 24 107230 6/ 32 163470 2/

2500 1250 1216 ab 1143 ab 890 863 2000 c ab ab 718 ab 1500 647 ab اددر

1 1000

500 80 ab 0 b 0

4 7 9 /0 /1 /2 /05/08 /05/11 0/05 0 90 0/05 0/05 39 39 39 1390/04/27 1 139 13 1 1390/05/22 1390/05/25 1 1390/06/01 زنرش 10 1 5 90( 04/ 17/ ) 25 /...

6 90( 1/4/ ) TRML Sig. F TRML 08/2 ns 52/0 3236 93/ 12 38843 4/ 6189 7/ 27 167124 39 265699 9/

6000 3260 c 2670 5000 c 2683 2590 4000 2207 2257 bc c 1997 c c 3000 c

1050 اددر 1 1160 910 2000 927 cd 850 d de b de 150

1000 f 0

` 6 3 9 1 7 1 11 5 7 5 9 1 0 0 1 /2 /2 / 1 1 /2 2 /0 4/1 5/0 05 6/1 /04/ 04/ 0 /04 04 0 /05/ 05 /05/ 06 0 / 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 0/ 90/ 390 390 39 390 39 3 390/05/ 390 39 390 39 39 1 1 1 1 1 1 139 1 1 1 1 1 1 زنرش 1 6 90( 04/ 01/ ) TMRL 100 7 90( 5/4/ ) TRML Sig. F TRML /0 005 ** 5/5 27663 7/ 5 76138318 5030 8/ 15 75462 20 213780 6/ 26/

3580 4500 2038 bc 3207 3013 2790 a 4000 2144 2120 2097 bc 2813 a a 3500 a a bc a 3000 2170 bc 2500 1670 1367 1010 a a c 2000 اددر 1 1500 1000 500 0

1 7 21 04 1 22 01 10 5/1 / 0 5/ 04/ 05/ 05/ 05/29 /06/05 06/ 0/04/19 39 390/ 390/ 390/05/15 390/ 390/0 390/ 390/06 390 390/ 1 1 1390/04/27 1 1390/05/08 1390/ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 زنرش 100 1 7 90( 04/ 05/ ) TMRL 250 8 90( 19/4/ ) TRML Sig. F RML /0 018 * 1/9 44627 2/ 10 227698 5/ 4927 7/ 12 24020 22 251718 5/ 3310 4500 a 2870 2773 4000 2700 2617 a a 2697 3500 ab a 1970 3000 a ab 1557 2500 b اددر 1 2000 767 810 1500 bc

bc 1000 130 500 c 0

7 1 5 9 /2 /0 /04 /17 /2 /2 /05 4 5 5 5 5 6 /0 /0 /0 /05 /0 /0 /0 0 0 90 90 90 90 90 3 3 39 3 3 3 39 1 1 1 1390/05/08 1390/05/15 1 1 1 1 1390/06/10 1390/06/20 زنرش 250 1 8 90( 04/ 19/ )TMRL 27 /...

1000 9 90( 2/5/ ) TRML Sig. F TRML 90( 2/5/ ) 49/0 ns 87/0 13901 8/ 3 41705 6/ 15999 1/ 8 127993 3/ 11 169699

4500 2326 4000 b 3500 1450 b 3000 1230 2500 b

2000 اددر

1 693 1500 ab 253 1000 233

a a 500 0 1390/05/11 1390/05/17 1390/05/25 1390/05/29 1390/06/05 1390/06/11 زنرش

1000 1 9 90( 05/ 02/ ) TMRL 10 90( 1/5/ ) TRML Sig. F TRML /0 595 ns 79/0 38/0 6 28/2 48/0 14 76/6 20 04/9 28/ 366 800 a 700

600 233 a 500 180 163 a 400 a اددر 1 300 66 73 200 a a 100

0 1390/05/11 1390/05/25 1390/05/29 1390/06/01 1390/06/02 1390/06/05 1390/06/10

زنرش 10 1 10 90( 05/ 02/ ) TMRL . ( ±) 11 TMRL f/2 f/2 90( 1/5/ ) 90( 17/4/ ) 90( 13/4/ ) 28/6 ± 25/0 97/5 ± 29/0 17/9 ± 39/1 79/9 ± 31/2 70/8 ± 86/1 96/9 ± 68/0 ( )

90/8 ± 20/1 09/9 ± 39/1 09/9 ± 39/1 63/8 ± 23/0 60/8 ± 28/0 48/8 ± 33/0 pH

± ± ± ± ± ± 24 31/ 9/0 26 09/ 01 39/ 24 12/ 33/0 25 60/ 33/0 24 36/ 33/0 25 48/ 33/0 ( )

8 29 /...

. C. polykricoides

. 2009 Diwan

. ( )

. 30/

( modyfied ) f/2 .

TMRL .

. 910000 3

1000 100 ( modyfied ) f/2

)3 .

/6 393 /000 / 200 ( 15 ) /3 283 /000 / (

( 40 ) /2 833 /000 / 500 ( 22 )

30 ( modyfied ) f/2

2 ( modyfied ) f/2 .

3 20 32 3 .

121 15 32

3 2 .

3 (. 46 /3 600 /000 / )

. /6 500 /000 /

TMRL .

. ( modyfied ) f/2

) /3 207 /000 / 100 ( 12 ) /2 683 /000 / TMRL

1000 ( 18 ) /3 040 /000 / 250 ( 36 31 /...

. ( 28 ) 550 /000 / ( 34 ) /2 325 /000 /

TMRL ( modyfied ) f/2

( f/2-Si ) Conway

( 1 ) ( 1 ) 32

(Kitto and )

. Regunathan, 2005

. .

100 ESM

( modyfied ) f/2

N, P, Fe, )( f/2-Si ) 2006 Lee and Lee .

( Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, Biotin, thiamin

1900 ±320 15

. 23000 ±2900 5

C. polykricoides 2008 Lee

( f/2 Si ) 32/

( ) .

( modified ) f/2 .

/6 500 /

Bok . ( modified ) f/2

850 C. polykrikoides 2010

( )

C. polykrikoides 2008 Kim

1982

48000 62 2003

. ( modified ) f/2

. 50000

2008 Anton .

Cochlodinium

×6 10 6 2006 2005 C. polykrikoides

. 33 /...

f/2 1 5/6

. ( modified)

C. polykrikoides 2004 Garate-Lizarrage

C. polykrikoides

. ×8 10 6

2002 2006 C. polykrikoides

30 22 25 20

10 5 .

. 10 310 4

100 24

Menidia menidia Fundulus majalis Cyprinodon variegates

48 . Fundulus heteroclitus 80

. C. polykrikoides ×1 10 3

( )2/0

2004 Saha Bilgrami .( Gobler et al., 2008 )

) ( ) Gonyaulax Gymnodinium 34/

. ( 10 7

C. 2010 Oda Kim

. polykrikoides

C. polykrikoides 2008 Gob Tang

C. polykrikoides

C. polykrikoides . 80 100 72 24

. ×21 10 3

( ) C. polykrikoides

C. ( )

. ( ) polykrikoides

C. ( ) 21

( ) polykrikoides

C. polykrikoides .

10 5 10 3 .

2002 Vicente .

×8/3 10 4 ×1/3 10 4 C. polykrikoides

C. polykrikoides .

Free radical-scavenging enzymes ٢٣- Involve labile toxins bound - ٢٤ 35 /...

C. polykrikoides 2003 Costas Cho

f/ 2 . ( 8 42 )

12 12 20

C. 2002 Honjo . C. polykrikoides

25 ±1 f/2 polykrikoides

f/ 2 . 12 12

12 12 ( modified )

)

. (

( )

C. polykrikoides

2010 Kim .

C. polykrikoides

40 2 . 36/

5000

1000 .

. 500

10 10

C. polykrikoides 6 2009 Kim

12 12 26 ESM

ESM .

32 ±1 25 ±1

2004 Kim .

36 30 26 21 C. polykrikoides

15 30 2005 Yamatogi .

C. polykrikoides 16 36

37 /...

( modified ) f 2/ C. polykricoides -

( modified ) f 2/ .

. TMRL C. polykricoides -

ESM f 2/ Conway -

. C. polykricoides

38/

. C. polykricoides -

. C. polykricoides 32 -

. C. polykricoides -

. -

39 /...

( )

40/

. . 1387 . 1

. 342 .

.http://aftabnews.ir/vdcc . 1389 . 2

. 246 . . . 1381 . 3

. .3 WWW.IVO.ORG.IR . 1387 . 4 5- Anton, A; Teoh,P.L; Mohd-Shaleh, S. R and Mohammad-Noor, N., 2008. First occurrence of Cochlodinium polykricoides in Sabah Malaysia. Elsevier. 6- AlgaeBase, 2011. Cochlodinium polykrikoides. http://www.algabase.org 7- Bok, T. H; Paeng, D. G; Kim, E; Na, J and Kang, D., 2010. Ultrasound backscattered power from Cochlodinium polykrikoides, the main red tide species in the southern sea of Korea. Journal of plankton research. Vol. 32. Issue 4. pp. 503-514. 8- Tang, Y. Z and Gobler, C. J., 2009. Characterization of the toxicity of Cochlodinium polykrikoides isolates from Northeast US estuaries to finfish and shellfish. Elsevier. No.8. pp. 454-462. 9- Bilgram, K. S and Saha, L. C., 2004. A textbook of algae. CBS Publishers and distributors. New Delhi. India. 260 p. 10- Cho, E. S and Costa, E., 2003. Rapid monitoring for the potentially ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides in Korean coastal waters using fluorescent probe tools. Journal of Plankton Research. Vol. 26. Pp.175-180. 11- Diwan, A. D; Joseph, S and Ayyappan, S., 2009. Physiology of reproduction, breeding and culture of tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon ). Naredera Publishing House. Delhi (India).292 p. 12- Honjo, T; Imada, N; Anraku,Y; Kim, D. I; Muramatsu, M and Oshima, Y., 2002. Removal of harmful red tide plankton by ozone treatment. Japan. 13- Identifying harmful marine dinoflagellates., Cochlodinium polykrikoides . 2011. http://botany.Si.edu. 14- Jeong, H. J; Du Yoo, Y; Kim, T. H; Kim, J.H, Kang, N. S and Yih, W., 2004. Mixotrophy in the phototrophic harmful alga Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Dinophycean): prey species, the effects of prey concentration, and grazing impact. Journal Eukaryot microbial. 51 (5). pp. 563-9. 15- Kim, Y.S; Jeong, C. S; Seong, G. T; Han, I. S and Lee, Y. S., 2010. Diurnal vertical migration of Cochlodinium polykrikoides during the red tide in Korean coastal sea waters. 16- Kim, C- J; Kim, H. G; Kim, C-H and Oh, H-M., 2007. Life cycle of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides in Korean coastal waters. Elsevier. 6. pp. 104-111. 17- Kim, D; Yamasaki, Y; Yamatogi, T; Yamaguchi, K; Matsuyama, Y; Kang, Y-S; Lee, Y and Oda, T. 2009. The possibility of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent toxic effects of Cochlodinium polykrikoides on Damselfish ( Chromis caerulea ). Korea.73 (3). pp.613-618. 18- Kim, M. J: Jeong, S. Y and Lee, S. J., 2008. Isolation, identification, and algicidal activity of marine bacteria against Cochlodinium polykrikoides . Journal of applied phycology. Vol. 20. No. 6. 19- Kim, D. I; Matsuyama, Y; Nagasoe, s; Yamaguchi, M; yoon, Y. H; Oshima, Y; Imada, N and Honjo, T., 2004. Effects of temperature, salinity and irradiance on the growth of the harmful red tide dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykricoides Margalef (Dinophyceae). Journal of Plancton Research. Vol. 26. No. 1. pp. 61-66. 20- Kim, C. H; Cho, H. J; Shin, J. B; Moon, C. H and Matsuoka, K., 2002. Regeneration from hyaline cycts of Cochlodinium polykricoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), a red tide organism along the Korean coast. Vol. 41. International Phycological Society. No.6. pp. 667-669. 21- Kim, D and Oda., 2010. Possible factors responsible for the fish-killing mechanisms of the red tide phytoplankton, Chattonella marina and C. polykrikoides. Terrapub and Nagasaki University. 22- Kim, Y. S; Jeong, C. S; Seong, G. T; Han, I. S and Lee, s., 2010. Diurnal vertical migration of C. polykrikoides during the red tide in Korean coastal sea waters. 31 (5). Pp. 687-693. 23- Kitto, M. R and Regunathan, C. 2005. Bioengineering tools control harmful blooms in shrimp ponds. World aquaculture. 36:4, December: 14-12. 41 /...

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42/ Abstract: Cochlodinium is a dinoflagel that, with their bloom in the coastal water of worlds, can case fish mortality. Cochlodinium was detected in Persian Gulf, since 2008. After purification of C. polykricoides with light, the culture of cochlodinium, with medium of f/2 (modified), Guilard (f/2-Si), TMRL, Conway, ESM and the mixed of sea shore sediment with salt water (32 ppt) was done. The culture of cochlodinium in test tube, erlanmeyer with volume of 200-1000 ml and aquariums with the volume of 16 liter (each with 10 liter water) with three replicates in each treatment were done. Only the culture of cochlodinium with f/2 (modyfied) was possible in the aquarium. The culture of cochlodinium with TMRL medium in aquarium was not desirable and only in one aquarium from 3 aquariums, the density of cochlodinium reached to 910.000. cell per liter. The use of f/2 (modyfied) medium in the test tubes, and erlanmeyers, with the volume of 100-1000 ml, lead to suitable cochlodinium bloom. The maximum cell density in total treatments (with 3 replicates in each treatment) in test tube 3.283.000. cell (in 15 days), in erlanmeyer with 200 ml volume, 6.393.000. cells (in 22 days), in erlanmeyer with 500 ml volume, 2.833.000. cells (in 40 days) and in aquarium 3.600 .000. cells (in 46 days) counted. Cochlodinium culture with TMRL Medium in test tube and erlanmeyer was done successfully, but with the increase of erlanmeyer volume, the blooms of cochlodinium was lesser than f/2 (modyfied) medium. The maximum of cell count of TMRL Medium in test tube 2.683.000. cells (in 12 days), in erlanmeyer with 100 ml volume, 3.207.000. cells (in 36 days), in erlanmeyer with 250 ml 3.040.000. cells (in 18 days), in erlan with 1000 ml 2.325.000. cells (in 34 days) and in aquarium 550.000. cells (in 28 days) in each litre. Unsuccessful culture of cochlodinium with Conway medium, Gyllard (f/2-Si) and mixed salt water (32 ppt) with sea shore sediments, even in the test tube, indicated that these mediums weren’t suitablefor copchlodinium culture. With the increase of erlanmeyer volume, the success of ESM medium decreased. But, in test tube and in erlanmeye with 100 ml volum, was almost, successful. We can concluded that, cochlodinium culture required, special condition and medium, that in f/2 (modyfied) medium the culture of cochlodinium was successful. The maximum cochlodinium cell count was 6.5 million per liter in one aquarium. The mean of 3 replicate of this treatment was 3.600.000. cells per liter with f/2 (modified) medium. For culture of cochlodinium polykricoides, the f/2 (modyfied) medium was better than others mediums. Key words: cochlodinium, different culture mediums, cell density, laboratory condition.

Ministry of Jihad – e – Agriculture AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EDUCATION & EXTENTION ORGANIZATION IRANIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH ORGANIZATION- Shrimp Researsh Center

Title : The purification of Cochlodinium. Sp and a comparative research on its mass cultivation Apprpved Number: 2-80-12-89092 Author: Reza Ghorbani Vagheie Executor : Reza Ghorbani Vagheie Collaborator : Gh. Faghih, R. Ghorbani, A. Asadi, A. paygozar, F. Mohsenizadeh, Gh. Dalirpour, A. Haghshenase, M. Fllahi,H.Tavakoli,M.Hafezieh Advisor(s): - Supervisor: F.Seraji Location of execution : Bushehr Province Date of Beginning : 2011 Period of execution : 1 Year & 3 Months Publisher : Iranian Fisheries Research Organization Circulation : 20 Date of publishing : 2013

MINISTRY OF JIHAD - E - AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EDUCATION & EXTENTION ORGANIZATION IRANIAN FISHERIES RESEARCH ORGANIZATION - Shrimp Researsh Center

Title: The purification of Cochlodinium. Sp and a comparative research on its mass cultivation

Executor : Reza Ghorbani Vagheie

Registration Number 41582