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Ecology of Benthic and Planktonic Dinoflagellates of Eastern Mediterranean Sea : a Focus on Ostreopsis and Ceratium Genus Along the Lebanese Coast Laury Açaf

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Ecology of Benthic and Planktonic Dinoflagellates of Eastern Mediterranean Sea : a Focus on Ostreopsis and Ceratium Genus Along the Lebanese Coast Laury Açaf Ecology of benthic and planktonic dinoflagellates of Eastern Mediterranean Sea : a focus on Ostreopsis and Ceratium genus along the Lebanese coast Laury Açaf To cite this version: Laury Açaf. Ecology of benthic and planktonic dinoflagellates of Eastern Mediterranean Sea :a focus on Ostreopsis and Ceratium genus along the Lebanese coast. Ecology, environment. Sorbonne Université, 2018. English. NNT : 2018SORUS263. tel-02868489 HAL Id: tel-02868489 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02868489 Submitted on 15 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Sorbonne Université Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de l’Environnement d’Ile de France, ED 129 Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche-sur-mer (LOV) “Ecology of benthic and planktonic dinoflagellates of Eastern Mediterranean Sea: a focus on Ostreopsis and Ceratium genus along the Lebanese coast” Par Laury Açaf Thèse de doctorat de Science du vivant et de l’environnement Dirigée par Rodolphe Lemée et Marie Abboud-Abi Saab Présentée et soutenue publiquement le 23 Mai 2018 Devant un jury composé de: BERDALET Elisa Docteur, Rapporteur MANGIALAJO Luisa Docteur, Rapporteur NIVAL Paul Professeur, Examinateur RABOUILLE Sophie Docteur, Examinateur ABBOUD-ABI SAAB Marie Professeur, Co-directeur de thèse LEMEE Rodolphe Docteur, Directeur de thèse Açaf Laury – Thèse de doctorat - 2018 To my parents, Alexandra and Elie, and my sisters, Joelle and Yara, I owe it all to you 2 Açaf Laury – Thèse de doctorat - 2018 Acknowledgements I am indebted to Sorbonne Université and the Laboratoire d’Oceanologie de Villefranche (LOV) for welcoming me during my thesis. They offered a very rewarding work environment. My gratitude also goes to the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research CNRS-L for hosting me during the course of my thesis in its National Center for Marine Sciences (NCMS) in Batroun. I offer gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Rodolphe Lemée and co-supervisor Dr. Marie Abboud-Abi Saab because this thesis would not have been possible without their trust and support. I thank them both for their guidance and for granting their vast experience, advice and interpretations to help accomplish this work. It could not have been completed without their full commitment, patience and kindness. I would like to offer my deepest gratitude to the jury members Dr. Luisa Mangialajo, Dr. Elisa Berdalet, Pr. Paul Nival, and Dr. Sophie Rabouille. They all gave me the honor and pleasure of judging my work and being present during my thesis defense and their remarks were very beneficial to me. My thanks goes to Dr. Elisa Berdalet and Dr. Cécile Jauzein for their presence in my thesis committee. I would also like to thank all the staff at the LOV, particularly at the “vieille forge” where I spent most of my stays, for their warm welcome and support in this new environment. My deepest gratitude goes to my friend and mentor, Dr. Cécile Jauzein, for her support, the passion and generosity in which she shares her knowledge, and above all, her friendship. Similarly, I would like to thank all the staff of the CNRS-Lebanon for their warm welcome, kindness and confidence. I would like to thank all the members of the NCMS in Batroun and Jounieh, Lebanon. My gratituide goes to Ms. Nada Mattar and Marie-Thérèse Kassab for their help in lab analysis. My gratitude then goes to all my colleagues turned dear friends: Myriam Lteif, Céline Mahfouz, Elissar Gemayel, Anthony Ouba, Amonda el Houssainy, Sherif Jemaa, Daniela Catania, Douglas Couet, Marin-Pierre Gémin, Mirella Khoury-Hanna, Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Ali Badereldinne, friends: 3 Açaf Laury – Thèse de doctorat - 2018 Despina El Hayek, Cécile Pinard, Sara Rachik, Fanny Sarfati, Ralph Zoughaib and my cousin and inspiration Dr. Rana Jreige, and all whom I could not mention for their continuous support at all times. Last but not least, my deepest gratitude and love goes to my parents Alexandra Jreige and Elie Açaf and my sisters Joelle and Yara whose unconditional love, support and encouragement allowed me to complete this work. 4 Açaf Laury – Thèse de doctorat - 2018 Table of contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Table of contents ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter I: General Introduction .................................................................................................................. 8 1. Dinoflagellates .................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1. Generalities................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Classification .............................................................................................................................. 10 1.3. Morphology ................................................................................................................................ 10 1.4. Distribution and Ecology ........................................................................................................... 12 1.4.1. Biogeography ...................................................................................................................... 12 1.4.2. Habitat ................................................................................................................................. 12 1.4.3. Nutrition .............................................................................................................................. 13 1.4.4. Motility ............................................................................................................................... 13 1.4.5. Reproduction and cysts ....................................................................................................... 13 2. Benthic Harmful Algal Blooms (BHABs). Target genus: Ostreopsis .............................................. 14 2.1. Generalities................................................................................................................................. 14 2.2. Morphology and Identification................................................................................................... 16 2.3. Ecology....................................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.1. Habitat ................................................................................................................................. 17 2.3.2. Nutrition .............................................................................................................................. 18 2.3.3. Effect of Environmental Parameters ................................................................................... 18 2.3.4. Reproduction ....................................................................................................................... 19 2.3.5. Toxicity ............................................................................................................................... 19 2.4. Previous Studies on Ostreopsis in Lebanese coastal waters ...................................................... 19 2.5. Quantification of BHABs ........................................................................................................... 20 3. Dinoflagellates as Bio-Indicators. Target Genus: Ceratium ............................................................. 21 3.1. Generalities................................................................................................................................. 21 3.2. Morphology and Identification................................................................................................... 21 3.3. Ecology....................................................................................................................................... 23 3.4. Role as biological models and bio-indicators ............................................................................ 23 4. Global change in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea ............................................................................. 24 5. Thesis objectives ............................................................................................................................... 25 6. Valorization of the research done during this thesis ......................................................................... 26 Scientific articles ................................................................................................................................... 27 Posters and Oral Communications: ....................................................................................................... 28 In International Conferences ................................................................................................................
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