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Phylogeny of Ensifera (Hexapoda: Orthoptera) Using Three Ribosomal Loci, with Implications for the Evolution of Acoustic Communication
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38 (2006) 510–530 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogeny of Ensifera (Hexapoda: Orthoptera) using three ribosomal loci, with implications for the evolution of acoustic communication M.C. Jost a,*, K.L. Shaw b a Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, USA b Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA Received 9 May 2005; revised 27 September 2005; accepted 4 October 2005 Available online 16 November 2005 Abstract Representatives of the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera (crickets, katydids, and related insects) are well known for acoustic signals pro- duced in the contexts of courtship and mate recognition. We present a phylogenetic estimate of Ensifera for a sample of 51 taxonomically diverse exemplars, using sequences from 18S, 28S, and 16S rRNA. The results support a monophyletic Ensifera, monophyly of most ensiferan families, and the superfamily Gryllacridoidea which would include Stenopelmatidae, Anostostomatidae, Gryllacrididae, and Lezina. Schizodactylidae was recovered as the sister lineage to Grylloidea, and both Rhaphidophoridae and Tettigoniidae were found to be more closely related to Grylloidea than has been suggested by prior studies. The ambidextrously stridulating haglid Cyphoderris was found to be basal (or sister) to a clade that contains both Grylloidea and Tettigoniidae. Tree comparison tests with the concatenated molecular data found our phylogeny to be significantly better at explaining our data than three recent phylogenetic hypotheses based on morphological characters. A high degree of conflict exists between the molecular and morphological data, possibly indicating that much homoplasy is present in Ensifera, particularly in acoustic structures. In contrast to prior evolutionary hypotheses based on most parsi- monious ancestral state reconstructions, we propose that tegminal stridulation and tibial tympana are ancestral to Ensifera and were lost multiple times, especially within the Gryllidae. -
Chamber Music: an Unusual Helmholtz Resonator for Song Amplification in a Neotropical Bush-Cricket (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) Thorin Jonsson1,*, Benedict D
© 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 2900-2907 doi:10.1242/jeb.160234 RESEARCH ARTICLE Chamber music: an unusual Helmholtz resonator for song amplification in a Neotropical bush-cricket (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) Thorin Jonsson1,*, Benedict D. Chivers1, Kate Robson Brown2, Fabio A. Sarria-S1, Matthew Walker1 and Fernando Montealegre-Z1,* ABSTRACT often a morphological challenge owing to the power and size of their Animals use sound for communication, with high-amplitude signals sound production mechanisms (Bennet-Clark, 1998; Prestwich, being selected for attracting mates or deterring rivals. High 1994). Many animals therefore produce sounds by coupling the amplitudes are attained by employing primary resonators in sound- initial sound-producing structures to mechanical resonators that producing structures to amplify the signal (e.g. avian syrinx). Some increase the amplitude of the generated sound at and around their species actively exploit acoustic properties of natural structures to resonant frequencies (Fletcher, 2007). This also serves to increase enhance signal transmission by using these as secondary resonators the sound radiating area, which increases impedance matching (e.g. tree-hole frogs). Male bush-crickets produce sound by tegminal between the structure and the surrounding medium (Bennet-Clark, stridulation and often use specialised wing areas as primary 2001). Common examples of these kinds of primary resonators are resonators. Interestingly, Acanthacara acuta, a Neotropical bush- the avian syrinx (Fletcher and Tarnopolsky, 1999) or the cicada cricket, exhibits an unusual pronotal inflation, forming a chamber tymbal (Bennet-Clark, 1999). In addition to primary resonators, covering the wings. It has been suggested that such pronotal some animals have developed morphological or behavioural chambers enhance amplitude and tuning of the signal by adaptations that act as secondary resonators, further amplifying constituting a (secondary) Helmholtz resonator. -
Spineless Spineless Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E
Spineless Status and trends of the world’s invertebrates Edited by Ben Collen, Monika Böhm, Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E. M. Baillie Spineless Spineless Status and trends of the world’s invertebrates of the world’s Status and trends Spineless Status and trends of the world’s invertebrates Edited by Ben Collen, Monika Böhm, Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E. M. Baillie Disclaimer The designation of the geographic entities in this report, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expressions of any opinion on the part of ZSL, IUCN or Wildscreen concerning the legal status of any country, territory, area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Citation Collen B, Böhm M, Kemp R & Baillie JEM (2012) Spineless: status and trends of the world’s invertebrates. Zoological Society of London, United Kingdom ISBN 978-0-900881-68-8 Spineless: status and trends of the world’s invertebrates (paperback) 978-0-900881-70-1 Spineless: status and trends of the world’s invertebrates (online version) Editors Ben Collen, Monika Böhm, Rachael Kemp and Jonathan E. M. Baillie Zoological Society of London Founded in 1826, the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is an international scientifi c, conservation and educational charity: our key role is the conservation of animals and their habitats. www.zsl.org International Union for Conservation of Nature International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) helps the world fi nd pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. www.iucn.org Wildscreen Wildscreen is a UK-based charity, whose mission is to use the power of wildlife imagery to inspire the global community to discover, value and protect the natural world. -
A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname
Rapid Assessment Program A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname Editors: Leeanne E. Alonso and Trond H. Larsen 67 CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL - SURINAME CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITY OF SURINAME THE SURINAME FOREST SERVICE (LBB) NATURE CONSERVATION DIVISION (NB) FOUNDATION FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CONTROL (SBB) SURINAME CONSERVATION FOUNDATION THE HARBERS FAMILY FOUNDATION Rapid Assessment Program A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Upper Palumeu River Watershed RAP (Grensgebergte and Kasikasima) of Southeastern Suriname Bulletin of Biological Assessment 67 Editors: Leeanne E. Alonso and Trond H. Larsen CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL - SURINAME CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL WILDLIFE CONSERVATION ANTON DE KOM UNIVERSITY OF SURINAME THE SURINAME FOREST SERVICE (LBB) NATURE CONSERVATION DIVISION (NB) FOUNDATION FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTION CONTROL (SBB) SURINAME CONSERVATION FOUNDATION THE HARBERS FAMILY FOUNDATION The RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment is published by: Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Arlington, VA USA 22202 Tel : +1 703-341-2400 www.conservation.org Cover photos: The RAP team surveyed the Grensgebergte Mountains and Upper Palumeu Watershed, as well as the Middle Palumeu River and Kasikasima Mountains visible here. Freshwater resources originating here are vital for all of Suriname. (T. Larsen) Glass frogs (Hyalinobatrachium cf. taylori) lay their -
Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
On the tympanic membrane impedance of the katydid Copiphora gorgonensis (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) Emine Celiker1;a, Thorin Jonsson2, and Fernando Montealegre-Z1;a 1School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, UK 2Institute of Biology, Universit¨atsplatz2, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria 1 Katydid tympana acoustic impedance 1 Katydids (bush-crickets) are endowed with tympanal ears located in their forelegs' 2 tibiae. The tympana are backed by an air-filled tube, the acoustic trachea, which 3 transfers the sound stimulus from a spiracular opening on the thorax to the inter- 4 nal side of the tympanic membranes (TM). In katydids the sound stimulus reaches 5 both the external and internal side of the membranes, and the tympanal vibrations 6 are then transferred to the hearing organ crista acoustica (CA) that contains the 7 fluid-immersed mechanoreceptors. Hence the tympana are principally involved in 8 transmitting and converting airborne sound into fluid vibrations that stimulate the 9 auditory sensilla. Consequently, what is the transmission power to the CA? Are the 10 TM tuned to a certain frequency? To investigate this, the surface normal acous- 11 tic impedance of the TM is calculated using finite-element analysis in the katydid 12 Copiphora gorgonensis. From this, the reflectance and transmittance is obtained 13 at the TM. Based on the results obtained in the frequency range 5-40 kHz, it is 14 concluded that the tympana have considerably higher transmission around 23 kHz, 15 corresponding to the dominant frequency of the male pure-tone calling song in this 16 species. -
Understanding Katydid Communication and Its Ecological Significance∗
GENERAL ARTICLE Understanding Katydid Communication and Its Ecological Significance∗ Chandranshu Tiwari Katydids use species-specific sound signals for courtship and long-distance communication. These sound signals are the product of intense selection pressures, both natural and sex- ual, while simultaneously being affected by physiological and environmental limitations. Their unique communication pat- terns and high sensitivity to ecological disturbances make them an important system to understand animal behavior, as well Chandranshu Tiwari is a as ecosystemchanges. This article introduces readers to acous- postgraduate in tic communication in katydids and the significance of sound environmental studies from in their lives. the University of Delhi. Currently he is investigating Katydids or bushcrickets are part of the insect family Tettigo- acoustic diversity of katydids in North-East India as part of niidae, and member of the suborder Ensifera (Ensifer in Latin his Doctoral research. means sword-bearing), alluding to the pronounced ovipositor of females used for laying eggs, (Figures 1 (a–d)). The suborder in- cludes field crickets, wetas, king crickets, and leaf-rolling crickets [1]. Along with Caelifera (grasshoppers), the two suborders con- stitute the order Orthoptera, one of the oldest and most widely dis- tributed insect groups [1, 2]. Currently, there are ∼7500 species of katydids described globally, from every continent outside polar circles [2, 3]. This number, however, is liable to change as more species are added to our knowledge base regularly. Morphology and Habit The family name ‘Tettigoniidae’ was derived from Tettigonia, Keywords Latin for ‘leaf-hopper’ that in turn originated from Greek Tet- Tettigoniidae, orthoptera, katydid, mimicry, sound signals, mating tigonion (cicada) where tettix attempted to describe the insect’s call. -
Orthoptera: Caelifera)
Insect Systematics & Evolution 44 (2013) 241–260 brill.com/ise Re-evaluation of taxonomic utility of male phallic complex in higher-level classification of Acridomorpha (Orthoptera: Caelifera) Hojun Song* and Ricardo Mariño-Pérez Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard Orlando, FL 32816, USA *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Published 25 October 2013 Abstract The current higher classification of the orthopteran superfamily group Acridomorpha is largely based on interpretation of male phallic structures. Internal male genitalia have been considered as an excellent taxonomic character because of a widespread belief that they are less subject to selective pressures from environment, and thus more stable than external characters. Furthermore, based on a notion that evolu- tion proceeds from simple to complex, early taxonomists who shaped the higher classification of Acridomorpha considered those groups with less differentiated and membranous phallic structures as primitive and used this notion to deduce a phylogeny of Acridomorpha. In this study, we test these ideas based on a cladistic analysis of male phallic structures and a character optimization analysis to assess the level of homoplasy and synapomorphy for those phallic characters that have been traditionally used for the Acridomorpha systematics. We also perform an independent test of the phylogenetic utility of male phal- lic structures based on a molecular phylogeny. We show that while some phallic structures have strong phylogenetic signal, many traditionally used characters are highly homoplasious. However, even those homoplasious characters are often informative in inferring relationships. Finally, we argue that the notion that evolution proceeds in increasing complexity is largely unfounded and difficult to quantify in the higher-level classification of Acridomorpha. -
Revision of the Genus Prionotropis Fieber, 1853 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae: Thrinchinae)
Zootaxa 4059 (3): 499–524 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4059.3.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:ECB416F6-3214-41D9-9995-40A824F8B1C7 Revision of the genus Prionotropis Fieber, 1853 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae: Thrinchinae) BRUNO MASSA1,3 , MUSTAFA ÜNAL2 & GABRIELLA LO VERDE1 1Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, V.le Scienze, Build. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 2Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 14280 Bolu, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected] 3Corresponding author Abstract The genus Prionotropis Fieber, 1853 is revised. It is distributed in scattered areas of the Mediterranean region from Turkey in the East to Spain in the West. Overall, seven species are listed, namely P. maculinervis (Stål, 1878) (Turkey; P. urfensis Ramme, 1933 is here considered its synonym), P. willemsorum n. sp. (Greece, Epirus; previously considered P. appula), P. appula (O.G. Costa, 1836) (South Italy), P. hystrix (Germar, 1817) (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Croatia, North- East Italy; P. hystrix sontiaca is here synonymized), P. rhodanica Uvarov, 1923 resurrected status (France, Crau, Rhone delta; here considered a valid species), P. azami Uvarov, 1923 n. status (France, Var region; here considered a valid spe- cies), and P. flexuosa (Serville, 1838) (Spain; the ssp. pereezi Bolívar, 1921 and sulphurans Bolívar, -
A Narrow Ear Canal Reduces Sound Velocity to Create Additional
A narrow ear canal reduces sound velocity to create additional acoustic inputs in a microscale insect ear Daniel Veitcha,1 , Emine Celikera,1,2, Sarah Aldridgea , Christian Pulvera , Carl D. Soulsburya, Thorin Jonssonb , Charlie Woodrowa , and Fernando Montealegre-Za,2 aSchool of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom; and bInstitute of Biology, Universitatsplatz¨ 2, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria Edited by David A. Weitz, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved January 24, 2021 (received for review August 14, 2020) Located in the forelegs, katydid ears are unique among arthro- reach the inside of the TMs in the forelegs (Fig. 1 A–C). Here, pods in having outer, middle, and inner components, analogous to the acoustic trachea fulfills the role of an EC and will therefore the mammalian ear. Unlike mammals, sound is received externally be called EC from here on. The EC has considerable variation via two tympanic membranes in each ear and internally via a nar- in morphology across the circa 7,000 living species of katydids row ear canal (EC) derived from the respiratory tracheal system. (13), and this research focuses on a common type, which involves Inside the EC, sound travels slower than in free air, causing tempo- a large acoustic spiracle and a canal that gradually tapers as it ral and pressure differences between external and internal inputs. approaches the tympanal organ (Fig. 1C) (14–20). The delay was suspected to arise as a consequence of the nar- The symmetrical arrangement of the outer ear in katydids is rowing EC geometry. -
Chapulines, Langostas, Grillos Y Esperanzas De México Chapulines, Langostas
GRASSHOPPERS, CHAPULINES, LANGOSTAS, LOCUSTS, CRICKETS GRILLOS Y ESPERANZAS & KATYDIDS DE MÉXICO OF MEXICO GUÍA FOTOGRÁFICA PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE CHAPULINES, LANGOSTAS, GRILLOS Y ESPERANZAS DE MÉXICO CHAPULINES, LANGOSTAS, ISSN 1973-7815 ISBN 978-88-903323-0-2 Paolo Fontana, Filippo Maria Buzzetti, Ricardo Mariño-Pérez Paolo Fontana, Filippo Maria Buzzetti, Ricardo Mariño-Pérez Edited by World Biodiversity Association onlus ©2008 Verona - Italy WBA HANDBOOKS 1 WBA HANDBOOKS 1 CHAPULINES, LANGOSTAS, GRILLOS Y ESPERANZAS DE MÉXICO GUÍA FOTOGRÁFICA GRASSHOPPERS, LOCUSTS, CRICKETS & KATYDIDS OF MEXICO PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE PAOLO FONTANA, FILIPPO MARIA BUZZETTI, RICARDO MARIÑO-PÉREZ 2. Biologia Centrali Americana. Insecta. Orthoptera, Vol. I, Tab. 21. 11 9 10 11 12 9-12. Algunos hábitats de México: matorral xerófilo (9), pastizal (10) , bosque de coníferas y encinos (11) y bos- que tropical perennifolio (12). – Some Mexican Habitat: thorn Scrub (9), grassland (10), pine-oak forest (11) and tropical rain forest (12). 23 Ciclo biológico Life Cycle Los estados de desarrollo de los ortópteros son el The development stages of Orthoptera are the egg, huevo, ninfa (figs. 13-14) (antes de ninfa, un periodo nymph (figs. 13-14) (before becoming a nymph, they corto en forma de gusano o vermiforme) y adulto go through a short period as larva (vermiform)), and (conocido como imago cuando recién ha mudado). adult (a newly emerged adult is known as an imago). Normalmente las hembras de Caelifera entierran los Females of Caelifera usually bury their eggs in the huevos en el suelo con ayuda del ovipositor, mien- ground, whereas females of Ensifera deposit their tras que las hembras de Ensifera depositan los hue- eggs within stems, leaves or roots, or they attach the vos en los tallos, hojas o raíces, o bien, los pegan a las eggs to stems or branches (Rentz and Ning Su, 2003). -
Molecular Phylogeny of the Grasshopper Family Pyrgomorphidae
Zootaxa 4969 (1): 101–118 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4969.1.5 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DAA2B420-B2E3-45C2-8F6E-33F85857B3FD Molecular phylogeny of the grasshopper family Pyrgomorphidae (Caelifera, Orthoptera) reveals rampant paraphyly and convergence of traditionally used taxonomic characters SUNDUS ZAHID1,2, RICARDO MARIÑO-PÉREZ2,3 & HOJUN SONG2* 1Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-3459 2Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA 3Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0566-1372 *Corresponding author. �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6115-0473 Abstract The grasshopper family Pyrgomorphidae is one of the most colorful orthopteran lineages, and includes biologically fascinating and culturally important species. Recent attempts to reconstruct the phylogeny of this family have resulted in a large degree of conflicts between a morphology-based study and a molecular-based study, mainly due to convergent morphological traits that affected phylogenetic reconstruction. In this study, a molecular phylogeny of Pyrgomorphidae based on 32 ingroup species and mitochondrial genome data is proposed, which is used to test the monophyly of the taxonomic groupings used in the current classification scheme. Using the ancestral character state reconstruction analyses and character mapping, we demonstrate that some of the morphological characters, including the male genitalia, which were considered to be taxonomically important, have evolved convergently across the phylogeny. -
President's Message
ISSN 2372-2517 (Online), ISSN 2372-2479 (Print) METALEPTEAMETALEPTEA THE NEWSLETTER OF THE ORTHOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY TABLE OF CONTENTS President’s Message (Clicking on an article’s title will take you By ALEXANDRE V. LATCHININSKY to the desired page) President FAO United Nations [1] PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE [email protected] [2] SOCIETY NEWS [2] Our next ICO conference in Agadir ear Fellow Orthopterists! – Some news by L.M. IDRISSI HASSANI [3] Grants supporting the Orthoptera Species File by M.M. CIGLIANO Warmest heartfelt wishes [3] The New Orthopterists’ Society Website is Now Live by D.A. WOLLER for the new 2019 year! [4] Update on Rebuilding Brazil’s National Evidently, this year is Museum’s Orthoptera Collection by P.G.B. SOUZA-DIAS DD a very particular one [5] REGIONAL REPORTS for the Society because we will hold [5] East Europe, North and Central Asia by M.G. SERGEEV our main event - the International [6] T.J. COHN GRANT REPORTS Congress of Orthopterology. The 13th [6] Male mate choice in the stick insect Clitarchus hookeri: sexual vs. parthenogenetic Congress is almost here! For the first females by M. NAKANO time in the history of the Society, it [8] Temporal and spatial evolution of the Poecilimon jonicus-group in southern Greece by will take place on the African conti- S. BORISOV nent, in the beautiful Mediterranean [11] Investigating a photoactivated metabolite setting of Agadir, Morocco. And, as in the nocturnal grasshopper Schistocerca ceratiola by C. GALE you might know, our next Executive [12] Advanced maternal age leads to greater Director, Mohamed Abdallahi Babah offspring immune function and fitness by C.J.