METALEPTEAMETALEPTEA THE NEWSLETTER OF THE ORTHOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY

President’s Message [1] PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE By MICHAEL SAMWAYS President new era for the Society image. It is [2] PARTING MESSAGE FROM Our Society is in a new also truly PAST PRESIDENT era of vigor and adven- international, ture. Much of this new with manu- [3] SOCIETY NEWS position is due to the scripts being AAgreat activities of the received [3] Call for grants supporting OSF Board and Membership over the last from around [3] A note from Treasurer four years. In particular, the Soci- the world. [3] Call for applications for Executive Director position ety acknowledges the amazing and However, tireless efforts of our immediate Past in the cur- [4] CONGRESS REPORTS President, Maria Marta Cigliano. She rent era, it is has pursued an energetic course where crucial that the journal be contempo- [4] Report on the 11th International the Society is now in a consolidated rary and a preferred journal to which Congress of Orthopterology position with a clear direction. Indeed, potential new contributors will turn. [6] Awards presented during the Maria Marta’s contribution will be To this end, the major aim of the JOR Congress tough to match! is to acquire ISI rating. This is an [8] Opening Ceremony Remarks international system where published [9] Briefings of Program Symposia The Society’s publications papers in ISI-rated journals are fully at the Congress Already we have a truly superb recognized for their scientific worth. [9] Orthoptera Conservation [10] Orthoptera Sexual Behavior newsletter, Metaleptea, being steered The JOR is on the cusp of achieving [11] Taxonomy of Orthoptera with great panache by Hojun Song, this. The quality is already there, but [15] Grasshopper and Locust its Editor. This is a monumental task, now it is essential that its appearance Control and Hojun will now be assisted by is regular. This means that it must ap- [16] Orthopteran Functional a new Associate Editor, Derek A. pear without waiting for late revisions Genomics Woller. It is Metaleptea which keeps of manuscripts. The point is that once [17] Orthoptera Systematics the whole membership in touch with there is ISI recognition, there will [19] Orthoptera in Culture & all the latest strategies and interest- be much more incentive for young Education ing technical activities of the Society. researchers, in particular, to submit [20] Orthoptera Communication Soon, Metaleptea will be a recognized to the journal, especially as ISI status [22] OSF Workshop [23] Memorable moments (photos) publication through having an ISSN means that the journal will be indexed [24] Report of Board Meeting number. by the major abstracting infrastruc- While Metaleptea is the window tures. [25] CONTRIBUTED ARTICLES into the Society, the Journal of Orthoptera Research is its scientific Regional representatives [25] Thoughts for Conference avenue of communication. The new Our Society, with its strong inter- Organizers by HUGH ROWELL Editor, Sam Heads, has taken the national ethos, has an unusual and helm with great determination and interesting approach to networking. [27] EDITORIAL enthusiasm. Thanks to the tireless ef- This is by having Regional Represen- forts of the past Editor, Glenn Morris, tatives around the world, who report * This Table of Content is now clickable, which the JOR already has a truly good feel regularly on both fascinating techni- will take you to a desired page. about it, with a superb production cal issues and on newsworthy events. Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 1 METALEPTEA Each representative is effectively an working model for the global commu- on this in later messages. ambassador in a region, and besides nity to hear about what is happening collating and reporting on events, is in those regions. Metaleptea is such In summary, we have a truly vigor- also there for assistance for potential- a great mouthpiece for news items ous Society that is set to go from ly new or actual new members who that the Society strongly encourages strength to strength on the wings of wish to remain in regular contact with anyone around the world to submit some of the most intriguing insects to the Society. As there is so much or- news items and short technical reports be seen anywhere in the world! thopteroid diversity (as well as some to Hojun. After all, it is wonderful serious orthopteroid pests) in the low- exposure for aspiring orthopterists! Warm regards to all our membership, er latitudes, this is a particularly good Watch this space as there will be more Michael Samways Parting Message from Past President By MARIA MARTA CIGLIANO Past President , 2009-2013 hanks to our members Society is in great hands! and OS officers! I would also want to specially thank I desired to write one David Eades, who kindly accepted last message to our mem- to replace Ted Cohn in the Treasurer bers and officers of the position during some difficult times of TT Society, this time as Past the Society. Thanks to his generosity President of the OS. and predisposition, the Society was It has been an honor and a privilege able to keep up with all the programs to serve our Society for the last four and duties. Thanks also go to Pamm years, a pleasure to have worked with Mihm, our new Treasurer, who does all the Board members, and to interact a great job keeping our financial mat- in one way or another with so many ters. of our members. Thanks to our enthusiastic young I want to thank Michel Lecoq, our editors: Hojun Song, who is doing a being of great assistance to Sam. Past President, for all his suggestions superb job with Metaleptea, publish- I want to thank Piotr Naskrecki, and continuous advice that made ing three issues a year and who is al- who is the manager responsible for my job easier; as well as to Michael ways seeking interesting articles, and the Society’s website and has invested Samways, our new President, for his to Sam Heads, who has accepted the a lot of work and time redesigning the continuous support. I trust that the hard task of replacing Glenn Morris wonderful and useful website. The as the editor of JOR. administration of the Society is easier Of course I wish to thanks to his work! thank Glenn Morris Thanks for their work promot- for all the years that ing our Society to all our Regional he acted as Manag- Representatives: Med Abdellahi ing Editor, making Ould Babah, Marcos Lhano, Battal JOR a wonderful Ciplak, Klaus Riede, David Hunter, journal. I also want to Corey Bazelet, Michael Sergeev, Seiji thank Nancy Morris, Tanaka, Long Zhang, Dan Johnson, the Assistant Editor, and Mohd. Kamil Usmani. responsible for the And last but not least, I also want wonderful design to thank Chuck Bomar, who acted of JOR; and thanks as Executive Director during my to Doug Whitman, term, for his work and mostly for his Associate Editor. patience. I promise him that he will And, also, to Corey not receive any more phone calls from Bazelet who has Argentina… recently joined JOR, Past President Maria Marta Cigliano (left) and Incoming as Associate Editor President Michael Samways (right) for Systematics and is Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 2 METALEPTEA A Call for Grants supporting the Orthoptera Species File By MARIA MARTA CIGLIANO OSF Committee Chair he Orthopterists’ Society, typically be one week unless in cooperation with the reasons can be given for a longer Illinois Natural History or shorter period. Applications Survey, has provided may be submitted at any time. funding for work in sup- TT port of the Orthoptera • The second category provides for Species File. Members of the Orthop- a project as defined by the ap- terists’ Society are invited to apply. plicant. The project must involve Applications should be sent to María benefit to the Orthoptera Species Marta Cigliano (cigliano@fcnym. File or to a Species File for an- unlp.edu.ar). other group within Polyneoptera. The usual benefit is the addition Grants are available in two categories: of images or other data in the da- • The first category pays travel tabase. Projects may be proposed tions received. Applications must be expenses to go to Champaign, Il- for periods of one to three years. received by December 5, 2013. The linois, USA for training in editing committee will complete its consid- the Orthoptera Species File or an- Funding available for 2014 has been eration and announce the results by other Species File within Polyne- set at US$10,000. The number of January 5, 2014. optera. Time in Champaign would grants will depend on the applica- A Note from Treasurer By PAMM MIHM Treasurer ello, my name is Pamm to pass the job on to me. I enjoyed to pay by credit card, you can do so Mihm and I am the new meeting all of you who were at the through Paypal. You do not have to treasurer for the Orthop- recent Congress in Kunming. have a Paypal account in order to terists’ Society. I helped Please mail any payments you have make a payment through Paypal. David Eades with the for the Orthopterists’ Society to my If you have any questions, please HH treasurer’s work for the attention at 2417 Fields South Drive, contact me at p.mihm@regencyapart- last few years and he felt it was time Champaign, IL 61822. If you want ments.com.

A Call for Applications for Executive Director he Orthopterists’ Society Governing Board. He/ she shall serve and amateurs. It is also a position that is calling for an applica- the Society as secretary and busi- directly deals with individual mem- tion for the position of ness manager. He/she shall maintain bers’ needs through various means of Executive Director, who a membership roll, keep a record of communication including emails and will start the position the proceedings, and attend to general social media. TT from January, 2014. Our correspondence.” If you are interested in this position, current Executive Director, Chuck This position is critical because please send your application (quali- Bomar, will retire from the post in maintaining our membership is of fication and justification) directly to December, 2013 to focus on his role utmost importance in our Society. Michael Samways at samways@sun. at his university. Preferably, the potential candidate ac.za by November 30, 2013. According to our by-law: “The should be capable and willing to reach Executive Director shall be appointed out to our entire membership includ- by the President and approved by the ing students, professionals, retirees,

Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 3 METALEPTEA Report on the 11th International Congress of Orthopterology By MARIA MARTA CIGLIANO Past President , 2009-2013 he 11th International Long Zhang, the Chairman, and our University, Turkey), 4) Grasshopper Congress of Orthopterol- new President, Michael Samways, and Locust Control (organized by ogy (ICO2013) under the opened the congress and welcomed Alexandre Latchinisky, University theme of “Orthoptera in the participants on behalf of the lo- of Wyoming, USA), 5) Orthoptera Scientific Progress and cal Organizing Committee and the Functional Genomics (organized by TT Human Culture”, orga- Orthopterists’ Society, respectively. Gregory Sword, Texas A& M Uni- nized by the Orthopterists´ Society Afterwards, we had some welcome veresity, USA and Darron Cullen, and co-organized by the combined words from Bairu Zhang, Vice Direc- University of Cambridge, UK), 6) efforts of China Agricultural Univer- tor of the Board Member Committee Orthoptera Systematics (organized sity, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural of the Yunnan Provincial People’s by Hojun Song, University of Cen- Sciences, Yunnan Provincial Society Congress and Changming Wang, tral Florida, USA), 7) Orthoptera in by Microbiology, Yunnan University President of the Yunnan Academy of Culture & Education (organized by and Yunnan Provincial Society of Agricultural Sciences. Charles Bomar, University of Wiscon- Entomology, was held in Kunming, During the Congress there were two sin-Stout, USA), and 8) Orthoptera China from 11th-15th August, 2013. plenary lectures, the opening one by Communication (organized by Klaus I am pleased to inform everyone Axel Hochkirch (Trier University, Riede, Zoological Research Museum that it was a very interesting meeting Germany) on “Orthoptera Conserva- Alexander Koening, Germany). as well as a great success. There were tion in the 21st Century-Where do we Seven regular sessions were held 258 people from 27 countries (209 go from here?”, and the closing one related to the following subjects: 1) regular participants, 30 students, and by Le Kang (Chinese Academy of Conservation and Ecology (chaired by 19 accompanying persons). Addition- Science, China) on “Molecular regu- Corey Bazelet, Stellenbosch Universi- ally, there were also 16 students as latory mechanism of phase change in ty, South Africa), 2) Behavior (chaired well as 8 other members from the locust”. There were eight symposia by Makio Takeda, Kobe University, local organizing committee, bringing on the following topics:1) Orthoptera Japan), 3) Biogeography & Phylo- the total to 282 participants. Conservation (organized by Michael geography (chaired by Battal Ciplak), The congress was held in the Sci- Samways, University of Stellenbosch, 4) Pest Control (chaired by Alexan- ence Museum Hall at the Yunnan South Africa), 2) Orthoptera Sexual dre Latchininsky & David Hunter), University campus in Kunming. This Behavior (organized by Douglas 5) Molecular Biology (chaired by is the capital city of Yunnan Province Whitman, Illinois State University, Ioana Marquier (Museum National in the South of China, in the centre of USA), 3) Taxonomy of Orthoptera d´Histoire Naturelle, France), 6) Sys- the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. (organized by Battal Ciplak, Addeniz tematics (chaired by Marcos Lhano,

Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 4 METALEPTEA closing ceremony several awards and recognitions were presented by our President and by Long Zhang on be- half of the Orthopterists’ Society and on behalf of the Congress’ Organizing Committee, respectively. Please see details under the Awards section. During the closing ceremony Michael Samways also announced that Alexandre Latchininsky, from Wyoming University, USA, has been elected by the membership of the Society as the new President Elect for the period of 2016-2019. Alex will take the presidency of the Society at our next meeting in 2016. Congratula- tions Alex! The dinner that took place during the last session day was held at one of Plenary speakers, Axel Hochkirch (left) and Le Kang (right). the restaurants of the University and Universidade Federal do Reconcavo photographs of Orthoptera was orga- will probably be unforgettable for all da Bahia, Brazil), and 7) Physiology nized under the auspices of the Yun- the attendees since most of them had (chaired by Fernando Montealegre nan Provincial Entomological Society to sing a song from their countries. Zapata, University of Lincoln, UK). and displayed during the Congress. This opportunity proved that our Soci- A workshop on “Orthoptera Species The Orthopterists’ Society Board ety is truly an international one since File online” was organized by David held a meeting during the afternoon of we were able to “appreciate” different Eades, Illinois University, USA and registration day and Michael Sam- typical songs from around the world. M.M. Cigliano. ways gave a feedback report on this For me, this dinner was also a good In addition to the oral presentations, meeting during the closing ceremony. opportunity to thank the members for all sessions, several posters were The Gala Dinner took place in a of the OS Board for their work and exhibited and were available during typical restaurant in Kunming. Dur- continuous support during my term the whole duration of the meeting. ing this occasion, Michael Samways (please see the Parting Message in The Congress highlighted the diver- presented several Certificates of Ap- this issue) as well as follow the tradi- sity of disciplines that are related to preciation on behalf of the Orthopter- tion established by David Rentz at Orthoptera and the good number of ists’ Society. Additionally, during the the meeting in Cairns, Australia and, students and young researchers that as Past President, present our new are involved in the scientific study of these insects reflects the prosperous future of our Society. The proceedings of the Congress, including the program and abstracts of presentations, were edited together as a special issue of Metaleptea, and were distributed to all participants during the meeting. A copy in PDF format is also available in download- able form from our Society’s Website. Two other highlights included the beautiful handmade paintings on silk illustrating grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids that were given to each participant as gifts included in the Congress bag. Also, an exhibition on Student volunteers who helped the congress run smoothly.

Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 5 METALEPTEA ancient times, as to Dali, Lijiang, and Shangri La was a symbol of his also organized. I was able to join this leadership and to trip, which resulted in an unforget- wish Michael a table adventure in one of the most very successful beautiful provinces of China. presidency. I would like to thank Long Zhang Various tours to and his team of enthusiastic and very interesting helpful students as well as the local places in the city organizing committee, including Aid- of Kunming and ong Chen, for their time and dedica- surrounding areas tion invested in the organization of were organized for the Congress. We are all grateful for interested Con- their work towards the benefit of our gress participants. Society. A tour to the near- by Stone Forest PS: Many photographs from the Congress organizer Long Zhang (middle) and President Samways was organized congress are available at: http://ico. (left) and Past President Cigliano (right). during the last day greatlocust.com/ President, Michael Samways, with of the Congress. the hat of a Chinese emperor from A post-conference tour (eight days) Awards presented during the Congress By MARIA MARTA CIGLIANO Past President, 2009-2013

everal awards were pre- laboration to the Congress. at Ohwashi , Japan) received the sented by The Orthopter- “D.C.F. Rentz Award” in recogni- ists´ Society to members Michael Samways, on behalf of the tion for their outstanding contri- and officers of the Society The Orthopterists´ Society, pre- bution and lifetime devoted to the in recognition for outstand- sented the following awards and study and research of Orthopter- SS ing service and achieve- recognitions: oid insects. ment during the Gala Dinner and the • Le Kang (Chinese Academy of • Maria Marta Cigliano was Closing Session of the 11th Interna- Sciences), Meier Paul Pener presented with a guide book of tional Congress of Orthopterology, (Department of Cell and Devel- insects from South Africa and a and by the Local Organizing Com- opmental Biology, The Hebrew certificate of appreciation for her mittee to the different organizations University of Jerusalem, Israel) service as the President of The or institutions that contributed with and Seiji Tanaka (National Insti- Orthopterists´ Society during the their sponsorship, support, and col- tute of Agrobiological Sciences period 2009-2013.

Recipients of “D.C.F. Rentz Award”: Le Kang (left), Makio Takeda on behalf of Seiji Tanaka (middle), and Corinna Bazelet on behalf of Meier Paul Pener (right). Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 6 METALEPTEA • David Eades was presented with awards to the following persons and a guide book of insects from Institutions: South Africa and certificate of • The following Institutions re- appreciation in recognition for ceived a certificate of apprecia- his outstanding contribution to tion for their contribution to the The Orthopterists´ Society as the organization of the Congress: Orthoptera Species File officer for China Agricultural University; more than 10 years. Yunnan Academy of Agricultural • Glenn Morris was presented Sciences; Yunnan University; with a guide book of insects from Yunnan Provincial Microbiology South Africa and certificate of Society; Yunnan Bohai Conven- appreciation in recognition for his tion and Exhibition Company; outstanding contribution as the Beijing Lifeline Biotech Limited editor of JOR since 1999. Company; and Hebei Wonderful • Charles Bomar was presented Pharmaceutical Limited Company “Sir Boris Uvarov’s Award in Applied with a certificate of appreciation • Awards for best Orthoptera Acridology” was given to Nelson Foster for his contributions as the Execu- photographs, with the auspices which Greg Sword accepted on behalf of tive Director during two terms. of the Yunnan Provincial Ento- the awardee. • Long Zhang was presented with mological Society, were given Shelomi (University of Califor- a guide book of South African in- to MingZhong Mo, Jiang Xiong, nia, USA) for his presentation on: sects and a certificate of apprecia- XiangDong LI, ZhiMing Chen, “Anatomy of the phasmid diges- tion for organizing the meeting. Tao Zhang, Xin Zhang, JingJun tive tract and the function of the Zhao,Tao Ju, JinSong Gui, midgut appendices” Alexandre Latchininsky, on behalf HongWei Zhang, BenYong Mao, • “Best Student Poster Presentation of the Association for Applied Acri- DaRong Yang, Yi Fan, Jian Tao, Award” were given to: 1) Marcio dology International (AAAI), and JinLi Zhao, JiangBo Zhao Bolfarini (Universidade Estadual the Orthopterists’ Society presented • The students and members of the Paulista, Brazil) for his poster the “Sir Boris Uvarov’s Award in local organizing committee re- presentation on “Phylogenetic Applied Acridology” for significant ceived a certificate of appreciation relationships for Strinatia spe- contributions to the practice of locust for contributing with their work to cies Chopard, 1970 (Orthoptera, and/or grasshopper management to the organization of the Congress. Phalangopsidae, Luzarinae)” and Nelson Foster, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, to 2) Liwei Zhang (China Agri- Arizona, USA. Students Awards were presented by cultural University, China) for his the Local Organizing Committee poster presentation on “A locust Long Zhang, on behalf of the Local and The Orthopterists´ Society: pheromone sensed by an odorant- Organizing Committee, presented • “Best Student Oral Presentation binding protein.” the following recognitions and Award” was given to Matan

Recipients of Student Awards: Matan Shelomi (left), Marcio Bolfarini (middle), and Liwei Zhang (right)

Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 7 METALEPTEA Opening Ceremony: Words of Welcome on Behalf of the Orthopterists’ Society By MICHAEL SAMWAYS President adies and Gentlemen. to thank the organizing team Profes- Good morning! Zao shang sors, CHEN Aidong, CHEN Zongqi, hao. ZHANG Bingyan, LUO Kaijun, and As the in-coming Presi- Miss GAO Qian, and many excellent dent of the Orthopterists’ and dedicated student volunteers. LLSociety, it is a great honour The Society also sincerely thanks our and privilege to welcome you to the sponsors, the Ministry of Agriculture 11th Congress of Orthopterology here of China, Beijing Lifeline Biotechnol- in Kunming. With the Society, the ogy Limited Company, and the Hebei Congress is co-organized by China Wonderful Pharmaceutical Limited Agricultural University, Yunnan Company, for their support and inter- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, est in making a success of the Con- Yunnan University, the Yunnan Pro- gress. vincial Society of Microbiology, and The Orthopterists’Society has its the Yunnan Provincial Society of roots dating back to Argentina in 1976 Entomology. as the Pan American Acridological Many of you have travelled great Society. In 1985, the Society as we distances to be here on this special know it, came into being as a truly tains taxonomic information on over occasion. We are a total of over 200 international organization, focussing 26,000 species, has over 180,000 cita- delegates and 82 speakers from 27 on all aspects of Saltatoria and also tions, 75,800 images, and 480 sound countries, to address the theme of Or- many other polyneopterans. recordings. Originally conceived and thoptera in Scientific Progress and Currently, the Society has over 470 developed by Dan Otte, it received a Human Culture. China is particu- members from 64 countries. Indeed, further boost, with its future secured larly appropriate for this theme, with the Society is active and vibrant, this last four years by Dr. David its long history of pure and applied thanks to the tireless efforts of many Eades, whom we sincerely thank for research, as well as an extraordinarily of its officers and members, several of giving the OSF a new lease of life. rich cultural history in relation to whom have served their term admira- I would also like to thank on behalf crickets, katydids and grasshoppers, bly. In this regard I should especially of the Society, the enormous input by in both art and sport. Cricket song is like to thank our immediate Past Dr. Glenn Morris (who, unfortunately, known to have been appreciated as President, Dr. Maria Marta Cigliano, could not be with us today) for editing far back as 500 BC, while during the who has given an enormous amount the Journal of Orthoptera Research Tang dynasty (618-960 AD) a culture of energy to ensuring the success of over many years. Those of you who developed to keep crickets so as to the Society. have been involved at all in editing enjoy their songs close by. During the During this last quadrennium, the will know what this entails and Glenn Song dynasty (960-1278 AD) cricket Society sadly lost Ted Cohn, who saw its appearance from reception fighting developed and is with us was not only a founding member, but of manuscripts to final production, a today as an active sport here in China. a past president for two terms and substantial achievement. We will, of course, hear much more a very active supporter of research Lastly, let us reflect on and thank about this during our time here at the undertaken under the auspices of the the co-ordination by Dr. Chuck Congress. Society. We honour him by having Bomar as Executive Director and the Organizing such a conference established The Theodore J. Cohn network of 11 Regional Representa- requires an enormous amount of Research Fund to inspire young or- tives, all who play an enormous role input and dedication. In this regard, I thopterists to undertake exciting new in making contact with members should like to sincerely thank the Or- research projects. around the world. ganizer, Chairman Professor ZHANG One of the great achievements of Ladies and Gentlemen, may we Long, who has devoted a huge the Society has been the founding and have a very successful and interactive amount of time over many months to development of the huge database, Congress! Thank you indeed. bring us all together. I would also like the Orthoptera Species File. It con- Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 8 METALEPTEA Sympoisum Reports: Briefings of Program Symposia at the Congress

As pointed out by Axel, there is Symposium was combined with the Orthoptera a need for much more increasing Session on Conservation and Ecology, Conservation awareness of the plight of many with a combined set of eight presenta- Chairman: Michael Samways Orthoptera species across the world, tions. Corey Bazelet of Stellenbosch (University of Stellenbosch, South Africa) so that there is timely conservation University, South Africa, gave a talk Co-Chairman: Shuguang Hao action to save and, hopefully, improve on the use of grasshoppers for assess- (CAS, China) the population status of species. We ing the conservation value of large- are reminded of the importance of this scale ecological networks. These are Conservation of biodiversity has when we bear in mind that several areas of set-aside, remnant land in a become a critical issue globally, with species are already extinct at the forestry setting, aimed at providing the so-called Aichi Targets now being hands of human expansion. One bush conservation across the agroforestry implemented around the world as an cricket (katydid) from San Francisco matrix. Corey reported that grass- overarching strategy for maintaining was actually named by Dave Rentz as hoppers are indeed good indicators species and their interactions at their Neduba extincta, as it was scientifi- for doing this. Klaus Riede of the current status, and without any further cally described only after it became Zoological Research Museum Alex- deterioration. In view of this, it is ap- extinct. Even more alarming is to ander Koenig, Germany, argued with propriate at this Congress to have the think that there was actually a pest some excellent examples, of the value Opening Plenary Lecture delivered by locust in North America, which is of acoustic monitoring of Orthoptera Axel Hochkirch of Trier University, now, almost unbelievably, extinct; the both for Red List assessment and Germany. Axel is also Chair of the Rocky Mountain Locust, Melanoplus the conservation of habitats. Klaus Grasshopper Specialist Group (GSG) spretus. In the mid-nineteenth century emphasized that acoustic profiling of of the International Union for the it was described as being so abundant habitats works well for certain species Conservation of Nature (IUCN). He that it threatened farming livelihoods with well-defined geographical limits, gave a stimulating and all-encompass- and its crushed bodies on railroad such as endemic species ranges or ing talk on Orthoptera conservation lines caused the wheels of locomo- protected areas. He also suggested in the 21st century – Where do we go tives to slip. Yet by about 1906 it was integrating Orthoptera critical habitats from here? Knowledge on the threats gone forever, mostly due to agricul- into the Alliance for Zero Extinction to Orthoptera globally is increas- tural conversion of the land, which critical site network using acoustic ing, especially through the network had a particularly strong adverse profiling as a tool for monitoring of dedicated conservationists in the effect on its breeding behaviour. selected species. Marcio Bolfarini GSG. The GSG currently has 68 ex- The Orthoptera Conservation of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, perts from 29 countries in the group. Practical conservation plans are already being implemented for spe- cies such as the Crau Plain Grasshop- per, Prionotropis hystix rhodanica, of southern France, and several weta species in New Zealand. This has come about following a Red Listing programme in these and other coun- tries. Red Listing is the process of determining the conservation status of species, and then making recovery plans for the species. This sometimes involves the local community, as with the translocation of field crickets in Germany and the habitat restoration for wetland grasshoppers in the same country.

Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 9 METALEPTEA Brazil, gave a very illuminating talk was tested using three models. Human the region. Species showed a clear on the species diversity of cave crick- constructions, like settlements and response to succession, and many ets in Brazil. The diversity is quite ex- roads, have a particularly strong ef- species are dependent on a mosaic traordinary, and there is much still to fect, followed by the effect of forests. of successional stages. He concluded do on the systematics and even more Furthermore, populations are strongly with a positive conservation manage- on knowledge of their behaviour. threatened by climate change, espe- ment recommendation: that manage- Carlos Sperber of Viçosa Univer- cially because this species has such ment should aim at the re-introduction sity, Brazil, pointed out that species low mobility. Furthermore, after of traditional, low intensity land use richness is determined by a dy- drought events, this species might be (grazing, sod cutting) in both grass- namic equilibrium between local and displaced by hybridization with C. lands and heathlands to create a mosa- regional processes. Within a single parallelus. Katja Rohde, also of Trier ic of conditions required by the focal region, local species coexistence may University, then pursued this theme of species. Daniela Matenaar of Trier be driven by ecological interactions, hybridization risk using mate choice University, took us back to South Af- which may ultimately be molded by experiments. Interestingly, while C. rica, where she has been studying the the environmental template. Carlos montanus females are highly selective grasshopper species in reserve areas and his colleagues determined lo- in mate choice, those of C. paral- in the Cape Floristic Region, which cal environmental drivers of forest lelus are not. Nevertheless, hybrid is rich in localized endemics. The litter diversity in Central Amazon. offspring are produced and do reach species present depend on the vegeta- The remarkable species diversity in adulthood, but have deformed wings tion structure and coverage. However, the region seems to be determined and hybrid songs. In summary, there interestingly, some species in Len- by a combination of litter weight and is a real risk of genetic displacement tulidae and Pyrgomorphidae appear humidity (as manifested by fungi of C. montanus by C. parallelus. to depend on specific plant genera. presence) and are a strong driver of Thomas Fartmann of the Univer- One reserve, Baviaanskloof Nature cricket diversity. Jessica Weyer of sity of Osnabrück, Germany, gave a Reserve, is particularly noteworthy Trier University, using a novel land- scintillating talk on the conservation as it has particularly high Orthoptera scape genetics approach, showed how of Orthoptera in Central European diversity, related in part to the fact populations of Chorthippus montanus grasslands and heathlands, which that five biomes overlap there. in Europe are strongly isolated. This have become threatened habitats in being the most combative and species (Sexual selection and the evolution Orthoptera with the smallest relative head size of mating systems within the species- Sexual Behavior being relatively non-aggressive. rich bushcricket genus Poecilimon). Chairman: Douglas Whitman Gerlind Lehmann (Humboldt Males and female are under differ- (Illinois State University, USA) University, Berlin, Germany) ana- ent selective pressures, and each is Co-Chairman: Long Zhang lyzed the complex and diverse mating constrained differently. However, (China Agricultural University, China) systems in Poecilimon bushcrickets both sexes show plasticity in that Five speakers presented talks in the Sexual Behavior Symposium. Kevin Judge (MacEwan University, Canada) thrilled us with an analysis of male- male fighting in crickets. The size of male crickets’ head capsules and mouthparts influences fighting ability, with larger-headed males winning more fights than competitors with rel- atively smaller heads - a pattern that has long been known by practitioners of Chinese cricket fighting. Judge pre- sented preliminary data from a large- scale common garden comparative analysis that suggests that this pattern holds true across North American field crickets, with species possessing the widest heads for their body size Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 10 METALEPTEA they can alter their mating strate- “hill-topping” in the Orthoptera bears, local “swamp-people” with gies with changing environments in (Hill-topping and male-male sexual guns, abundant mosquitoes, fire ants, regard to investment patterns, mating competition in lubber grasshoppers). ticks, mites, fleas, and biting horse behaviour, and the receiver (hearing) Interestingly, this hill-topping occurs flies. He is happy to be back in North system. in the extremely flat 100 x 50 km Africa, where it is much safer. Liwei Zhang (China Agricultural Everglades marsh system in southern Doug Whitman (Illinois State Uni- University, Beijing) presented an Florida. During the summer rainy versity, USA) summarized 30 years extremely comprehensive and elegant season, this area is mostly flooded. To of research on reproductive behaviour study of a putative sex pheromone, its oviposit, marsh-inhabiting Romalea in lubber grasshoppers (Romalea & odorant binding protein, receptive tri- microptera grasshoppers must travel Taeniopida) (Sexual behavior and choid sensilla, and elicited behaviors to islands that rise a few cm above the sexual selection in giant, toxic lubber in L. migratoria manilensis (A dual- water. Males aggregate in large num- grasshoppers). He discussed male role pheromone for two sexes medi- bers at these scarce elevated “oviposi- and female behaviors, stimuli elicit- ated by an odorant binding protein tion sites”, wait for gravid females, ing male response, sex pheromones, in locust). Apparently, males release and fiercely compete for copulations. mate-guarding, 5-day copulation, 2-heptanone, which is detected by After mating, females oviposit on the intra- and intersexual selection, fe- both sexes, but attracts females, while “dry” land and return to the flooded male defense, spermatophore transfer, repelling males. marsh; males remain to re-mate. sperm competition, and evolution of Koutaro O. Maeno (Mauritanian Koutaro’s research adventure was reproductive behaviour. Desert Locust Centre, Mauritania) “enriched” by alligators, roaming described the first known case of pit-bull dogs, poisonous snakes, wild

inhabiting flightless Orthoptera: the landmark for taxonomy, evolutionary Taxonomy of subtribe Karniellina of Conocephalini biology, ecology and conservation bi- Orthoptera (Conocephalinae, Tettigoniidae) as ology. Taxonomic data are functional Chairman: Battal Ciplak model group to understand modes if species are defined as natural units. (Akdeniz University, Turkey) and time of speciation patterns in East So, the main aim of taxonomy is to Co-Chairman: Daochuan Zhang Africa. (iv) Douglas W. Whitman (Il- define natural units and to establish a (Hebei University, China) linois State University, USA) - Popu- functional classification. The sympo- lations, not species, are the true unit sium aimed to outline this perspective The 11th International Congress of of evolution! using examples from Orthoptera. The Orthopterology was held in Kunming, The symposium started with an main issues addressed in the sympo- China, on 11-15 August 2013. Sev- introduction by Ciplak. The introduc- sium were as follows: (i) although eral successful in-congress symposia tion can be summarized as follow- taxonomy flows in its traditional were organized, all of which pro- ing: a species is the basic unit for all stream in application, contemporary vided significant contributions to the disciplines of life sciences, but, it is a biological knowledge requires us to participants. One of the symposia was “Taxonomy of Orthoptera: How to Consider Species Concepts?” There were four speakers who presented exciting data on Orthoptera. (i) Battal Ciplak (Akdeniz University Antalya, Turkey) - Species from an integrative perspective and quality of existing taxonomical data: game of the names versus natural entities! (ii) Viviana A. Confalonieri (University of Buenos Aires, Argentina) - High altitude grasshoppers of South America: defining biological units when genes, chromosomes and morphology tell different stories. (iii) Claudia Hemp (University of Wuerzburg, Germany) - Ecological adaptations of grassland-

Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 11 METALEPTEA revise or to re-state the criteria to be can be considered as the common in Orthopterology. Qualitative mor- used in definition of the natural units; element of all contemporary species phology is the most commonly used (ii) different character sources are concepts. Other properties, such as property, however, recently, there are using to delimit the biological units interbreeding, sharing an adaptive studies also dealing with quantita- called species. But, in several cases, zone, genetic or demographic ex- tive morphology (such as linear or conflicts between character sources changeability, coalescence of alleles, geometric morphometry). Qualitative are main problem in contemporary fixed characters, and phenotypic or morphology is the main traditional taxonomic applications. Determi- genotypic clusters are the secondary character source and nearly all of the nation of the ways of conflict and properties. Under these statements, known Orthoptera species are solely suggesting solutions for applications De Queiroz (2007) defines species defined on the basis of some such is an open area to be studied. (iii) as “segments of separately evolving morphology. The second character Species concepts cannot be formu- metapopulation (an inclusive popula- source, acoustic signals, have been in lated independent of speciation and tion made up of connected subpopu- use since the middle of the 20th cen- phylogeography though they increase lations) lineages” and the secondary tury and provided a more objective complexity. This is a necessity obli- properties as tools to be used to define testing of the species in many lineages gated by scientific methodology and lineage divergence to delimit species. of Orthoptera. Using ecological pref- contemporary biological data. This brings us to the formulation of erence and geographic range in testing After the introduction Ciplak Templeton (1998) that a species is a species hypotheses is recent, especial- provided a list of the main species hypothesis (H0) to be tested in refer- ly in parallel with progress in the area concepts in the current literature ence to secondary properties using of phylogeography (Avise 2009). Al- (Table 1). He mentioned that there different lines of evidence. though taxonomy of Orthoptera is still are several species concepts differing This perspective requires adopt- largely dependent on phenotype, the in minor aspects or largely overlap- ing the unified species concept (De recent trend is towards using genetic ping in properties attributed to species Queiroz 2007) to the taxonomy of properties of populations. Genetic taxa. He highlighted the unified spe- Orthoptera. The number of publica- data provide some advantages, such cies concept of De Queiroz (1998, tions including phylogenies is increas- as their effectiveness in determining 2005, 2007) who indicated that there ing, although most of the taxonomical geneological relationships (and, thus, are two categories of the properties publications still rely on the tradition- the main property (the phylogenetic used in conceptualisation of species al approach. In taxonomical publica- uniqueness) of the species taxa), and (see Table 1). The primary property tions there are four main phenotypic their user-friendly nature to computer- is the phylogenetic uniqueness which properties to test species hypotheses ize and to apply statistical procedures, Species concept Property (attributed to species category) allowing for objective decisions for species taxa. Using genetic data in Biological Actually or potentially interbreeding (Wright, Mayr), isolated from species level taxonomy has led to similar units by intrinsic or extrinsic reproductive barriers development of new methodologies, (Dobzhansky) or sharing a unique mate recognition or fertilization system (Paterson) like genealogical exclusivity (Baum & Shaw 1995), generalized mixed Ecological Sharing the same niche or adaptive zone (Van Valen) Yule coalescent (Pons et. al. 2006), Evolutionary Having a unique historical fate and evolutionary tendency (Simpson, and automatic DNA barcoding gap Wiley) (Folmer et al. 1994; Puillandre et al. Cohesion Genetic or demographic exchangeability (Templeton) 2012). Lineages may be at different levels of divergence and may exhibit Phylogenetic A lineage between two speciation or between a speciation and an different levels of differences, which extinction events (Hennig, Ridley) which; (i) consisting of the may lead to wrong species decisions. ancestor and all of its descendants (Donoghue, Mishler), (ii) diagnosable by qualitative or fixed characters (Nelson & Platnick), or Thus, testing species hypotheses more (iii) is a genological cluster of exclusive coalescence of alleles (Baum accurately requires using different & Shaw) lines of evidence independent of the Phenetic Constituting a phenotypic cluster (Sneath & Sokal) character sources (either phenetic or genetic). Genotypic Constituting a genotypic cluster (Mallet) Following this general introduction, Ciplak outlined three studies per- formed by his team. The first was on Table 1. Refined species concepts (adopted from Coyne & Orr 2004 and De Queiroz the Poecilimon luschani species group 2007) (Phaneropterinae) (Boztepe et al. Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 12 METALEPTEA 2013). This species group is located a complex case of character conflict onieri, presented her results on two in Balkan and a narrow line of West with each character source suggest- recently-diverged genera, Orotettix Anatolia. When three different char- ing a different taxonomical pattern: 9 and Trimerotropis, both of which are acter sources (qualitative morphol- bioacoustics, 13 morphological and, located in the high-altitudes of the ogy, male calling song, and genetic at least, 15 genetic species. When Andes mountain chain in South Amer- data comprised of two mitochondrial phylogenetic uniqueness is accepted ica. She assumed that the complex markers) were used the taxonomy of as the primary criterion to decide on geological and environmental history the group changed by more than half. species taxa in Anterastes there are of the Andes have played a key role Each of the geographically discrete undefined cryptic species waiting to in promoting speciation in the region. populations in the species group now be defined. From this study Ciplak The geographic history of the Andes represents a distinct species. Howev- concluded that phenotype may be has possibly stimulated speciation by er, geographically parapatric popula- misleading in defining separately adaptive speciation across the altitudi- tions exhibit a complex case and to evolving units, indicating inefficient nal cline or allopatric speciation pro- solve the taxonomical puzzle Ciplak taxonomy. Similar phenotypes may moted by topographic heterogeneity. gave priority to the phylogenetic evolve simply due to living in similar The environmental history includes uniqueness. He considered other lines habitats and being subjected to similar the climate cycles that took place of evidence as auxiliary and highlight- selection pressures. mainly during the Pleistocene, which ed two main conclusions from the in- The third sample study was on an- also promoted allopatric separation tegrated taxonomy of P. luschani. The other species group belonging to the between mountains and valleys. Con- first being that the geographic range genus, Pecilimon (Phaneropterinae). falonieri and her team aimed to define seems to be one of the most important Morphology defines several species speciation patterns and to analyze the properties of the species/subspecies in the P. bosphoricus group and song species delimitations of Orotettix or taxa. This requires sufficient sampling supports only some of these. Con- Trimerotropis. With these purposes and allows determining the “distribu- trarily, genetic data indicate a “space they benefitted from different lines tion space” of subfragments of the of gene exchange” between species of evidence, such as mitochondrial metapopulation lineage. The second or phenetically different forms, which and nuclear genes and morphological was that application of properties do not have phylogenetic unique- and karyology from many specimens defined in different species concepts ness. Ciplak’s main conclusions were belonging to each supposed biological may change in order. specific to Poecilimon and noted that unit. They conducted several coales- Ciplak’s second study was on too much emphasis has been given to cent-based approaches to delimit spe- Anterastes Brunner von Wattenwyl morphology, especially to that of male cies in addition to using morphology (Tettigoniinae), a genus distributed cerci (a kind of cercal taxonomy), and and karyology. in the western half of the Anatolia nearly all species in the genus possess The General Mixed Yule-coales- and Balkans and contains 13 named some morphological forms, which are cent method of species delimitation species (Ciplak 2004 and unpublished waiting to be tested by different lines suggested at least seven species in data). Genetic data from two differ- of evidence. Orotettix. Corresponding genetic data ent mitochondrial markers indicate The second speaker, V. Confal- with morphology of the phallic com-

Speakers of “Taxonomy of Orthoptera” Symposium: (from left to right) Battal Ciplak, Viviana Confalonieri, Claudia Hemp, and Doug- las Whitman Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 13 METALEPTEA plex, the male abdominal terminalia, Karniellina of Conocephalini (Tet- most “species” actually consist of and the thorax suggested at least tigoniidae) distributed in mountain numerous separate populations that five new species in addition to those ranges, especially those connected vary in their degree of reproductive by Ronderos & Carbonell in 1994. with Kilimanjaro, in East Africa. She isolation and genetic relatedness. This Molecular clock estimation suggested benefited from different lines of evi- frees different populations to pursue that diversification ofOrotettix took dences to make taxonomical decisions different evolutionary trajectories, place 1.5-4 MYR BP correspond- and make conclusions about specia- facilitating speciation. Hence, popula- ing to the second uplift of the Andes. tion, highlighting their ecological ad- tions are the source of new species. Confalonieri and her team then ap- aptations. The following were said for Relationships within species (among plied the Bayesian Species Delimita- the lineage: 1) the genera of Karniel- populations) are diverse, ongoing, tion approach (Yang & Rannala 2010) lina probably evolved at a time when and dynamic, and can exist anywhere and the multilocus coalescent ap- grasslands spread in East Africa due along a vast continuum of genetic proach implemented in the *BEAST to an increasing aridification of the relatedness and reproductive isolation. program (Heled & Drumond 2010) climate. 2) The earliest lineage, the What we call a “species” can consist to delimit species in the Trimerotro- genus Karniella, is adapted to more of a group of closely-related popula- pis. Confalonieri (Husemann et. al. forested habitats while the majority of tions or distantly-related populations, 2013) concluded that South American the genera of Karniellina prefer open or both, including some populations populations belonging to the “T. pal- grasslands. 3) Major splits within incapable of interbreeding. Hence, lidipennis” species group is composed Karniellina probably occurred with a “species” should be thought of as of at least three genetic lineages: (i) the emergence of savannah grasslands an assemblage of semi-independent, Trimerotropis from Argentina, (ii) the due to the ongoing fragmentation of changing populations, whose current T. ochraceipennis and the high alti- forest habitats several millions of average relatedness exists somewhere tude populations in Peru and (iii) the years ago, but most species within the along a continuum. populations from central coast of Peru genera are geologically young, their The general conclusions from the and North America. The karyotype of radiation being boosted by climatic four presentations were as follows: the new genetic lineage from the cen- fluctuations of the past 1–2 Ma. 4) species concepts define parameters tral coast of Peru resembles that of the Presently, most of the species in each to delimit species, but none of them T. pallidipennis from North America. genus of the Karniellina show allo- or is universally applicable and none of Molecular clock estimation indicates parapatry depending on ecological them is superior to another. The most that North to North American “T. pal- zonation of the mountains. Thus, the realistic approach is “proposing spe- lidipennis” originated from a South main conclusion is that ecological cies taxa as hypotheses to be tested American ancestral stock, probably preference may be the main cause of by different lines of evidence”. From dispersed here during the early Pleis- the divergence and the delimitation of a scientific perspective this is a basic tocene. In using at least four opera- species requires its consideration. requirement and will lead to more tional criteria (reciprocal monophyly The last speaker was D. W. Whit- robust species delimitation. Priority for genetic characters, morphological man who mainly concentrated on must be given to phylogenetic (his- differentiation and geographic distri- evolution at the population level and torical) or evolutionary (present ten- bution) to evaluate species boundaries developing a perspective for species dency) uniqueness. But, hybridisation, significantly changed existing taxo- level taxonomy. He discussed some genetic introgression via hybridisation nomical patterns in both genera. The main evolutionary principles us- and insufficient lineage sorting are agreement among different operation- ing New World lubber grasshoppers the main threat to determine evolu- al criteria provided stronger support (Taeniopoda and Romalea) as the tionary history. In this case, other to species delimitation and empha- model taxa. His presentation can be properties attributed to species taxa sized the importance of using differ- summarized as follows: the species in species concepts may help to solve ent lines of evidence in testing species concept is an incredibly valuable idea the puzzles. Although it seems that it hypotheses. Confalonieri’s results also that must be maintained. At the same was not sufficiently appreciated in the indicate that taking into account the time, though, taxonomy can ben- past, geographic range (and its evolu- geological and environmental history efit from a broader consideration of tion) seems one of the most important as well as the range of the species and ecological and evolutionary realities. properties of the species taxa. This its relatives can play a key role in spe- Research conclusively demonstrates will work when sampling is sufficient cies delimitation. that widespread, non-panmictic spe- both in range and in number. This The third speaker, C. Hemp, gave a cies rapidly evolve local adaptations is possibly the main reason for the presentation extracted from her sev- or otherwise diverge genetically. As success of “phylogeography” (Avise eral studies conducted on the subtribe Mayr and others have pointed out, 2009) as a research field. Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 14 METALEPTEA References logical species concept and recommendations Pons, J., Barraclough, T.G., Gomez-Zurita, J., Avise, J.C. (2009) Phylogeography: retrospect for a phylogenetic alternative. Bryologist 88, Cardoso, A., Duran, D.P., Hazell, S., Kamoun, and prospect. Journal of Biogeography 36, 72 - 181. S., Sumlin, W.D., Vogler, A.P. (2006) Sequence- 3-15. Dobzhansky, T. (1950) Mendelian populations based species delimitation for the DNA Baum, D.A., Shaw, K.L. (1995) Genealogi- and their evolution. American Naturalists 84, taxonomy of undescribed Insects. Systematic cal perspectives on the species problem. In: 401 - 418. Biology 55, 595 - 609. Hoch, P.C., Stephenson, A.G. (eds) Experimen- Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R., Puillandre, N., Lambert, A., Rouillet, S.B., tal and molecular approaches to plant biosys- Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for Achaz, G. (2012) ABGD, Automatic Barcode tematics, pp. 289 - 303. Missouri Botanical amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome Gap Discovery for primary species delimita- Garden, St. Louis. c oxi-dase subunit I from diverse metazoan tion. Molecular Ecology 21, 1864 - 1877. Boztepe, Z., Kaya, S., Çıplak, B. (2013) Inte- invertebrates, Molecular Marine Biology and Ridley, M. (1989) The cladistic solution to grated systematics of the Poecilimon luschani Biotechnology, 3, 294 - 299. the species problem. Biological Philosophy 4, species group (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): Husemann, M., Guzman, N.V., Danley, P.D., 1 - 16. radiation as a chain of populations in a small Cigliano, M.M., Confalonieri, V.A. (2013) Simpson, G.G. (1961) Principles of animal tax- heterogeneous area. Zoological Journal of the Biogeography of Trimerotropis pallidipennis onomy. Columbia University Press, New York. Linnean Society 169, 43 - 69. (Acrididae: Oedipodinae): deep divergence Sneath, P.H.A., Sokal, R.R. (1973) Numeri- Ciplak, B. (2004) Systematics, phylogeny and across the Americas. Journal of Biogeography cal taxonomy: The principles and practice of biogeography of Anterastes (Orthoptera, Tet- 40, 261 - 273. numerical classification. W. H. Freeman, San tigoniidae, Tettigoniinae): evolution within a Heled, J., Drummond, A.J. (2010) Bayesian in- Francisco. refugium. Zoologica Scripta, 33, 19 - 44. ference of species trees from multilocus data. Templeton, A.R. (1998). Species and specia- De Queiroz, K. (1998) The general lineage Molecular Biology and Evolution 27, 570-580. tion: geography, population structure, ecology concept of species, species criteria and the Hennig, W. (1966) Phylogenetic systematics. and gene trees. In: Howard DJ, Berlocher SH processes of speciation: a conceptual unifica- University of Illinois Press, Urbana. (eds) Endless forms: species and speciation. tion and terminological recommendation. In: Mallet, J. (1995) A species definition for the Pp 32-43. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Howard DJ, Berlocher SH (eds) Endless forms: modern synthesis. Trends in Ecology and Van Valen, L. (1976) Ecological species, multi- species and speciation, pp. 57-79. Oxford Evolution 10, 294 - 299. species, and oaks. Taxon 25, 233 - 239. University Press, Oxford. Mayr, E. (1969) Principles of systematic zool- Wiley, E.O. (1978) The evolutionary species De Queiroz, K. (2005) A unified concept of ogy. McGraw-Hill, New York. concept reconsidered. Systematic Zoology 27, species and its consequences for the future Nelson, G., Platnick, N.I. (1981) Systematics 17 -26. of taxonomy. Proceedings of the Californian and biogeography. Columbia University Press, Yang, Z., Rannala, B. (2010) Bayesian species Academy of Sciences 56, 196 - 215. New York. delimitation using multilocus sequence data. De Queiroz, K. (2007) Species Concepts and Paterson, H.E.H. (1985) The recognition Proceddings of the National Academy of Sci- Species Delimitation. Systematic Biology 56, concept of species. In: Vrba ES (Ed) Species ence of the USA 107(20), 9264-9269. 879 - 886. and speciation, pp 21 - 29. Transvaal Museum, Donoghue, M.J. (1985) A critique of the bio- Pretoria.

control. They included the use of and Primary Industries, Victoria, Grasshopper and geospatial technologies, such as GIS Australia, provided insights on public Locust Control and Remote Sensing, for pest moni- involvement in locust monitoring and Chairman: Alexandre toring and management; introduction reporting during a major recent out- Latchininsky of biopesticides into practical L&G break of the Australian Plague locust, (University of Wyoming, USA) control on several continents, and a Chortoicetes terminifera. He showed Co-Chairman: Puyun Yang wider use of the Ultra-Low Volume that public reporting provided valu- (Chinese National Agricultural Technology Extension Center, China) (ULV) spraying technique. He also able data for a response program. P. briefly described the state-of-the-art Spurgin, APLC, presented the current Co-Chairman: David Hunter (BASF, Consultant in Locust and techniques in grasshopper control in situation with the control of the Red Grasshopper Control, Australia) North America. locust, Nomadacris septemfasciata, The L&G control symposium was Australia was presented by several in Africa. Although the organophos- held on August 13th, 2013. Together speakers, which demonstrated its phorous insecticides remain the main with the oral session on pest control, leading position in the organization control agents, the biopesticide Green it lasted for the entire day, from 8 am and implementation of L&G control Muscle based on fungal pathogen until 5 pm. There were 12 speakers in the entire world. Director of the Metarhizium acridum is increasingly from four continents and over 40 par- Australian Plague Locust Commis- used against the Red locust in ecolog- ticipants. The symposium provoked sion (APLC), C. Adriaansen, gave ically sensitive areas in Tanzania. an animated discussion on worldwide an overview of the modus operandi Several communications were trends in L&G control. of APLC, which is based on preven- devoted specifically to biological The Chair, A. Latchininsky, pro- tive control strategy. He discussed control. M.A. Babah Ebbe, National vided an introduction to the sympo- the applicability of this approach to Anti-locust Center in Mauritania, sium in which he outlined some of L&G control elsewhere in the world. and D. Hunter, BASF, elucidated the main recent achievements in L&G G. Berg, Department of Environment the reasons why the use of biological Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 15 METALEPTEA Lin Li, China Agricultural University, described the sustainable approaches to L&G control in their country, which included, among others, the extensive use of GIS, Remote Sens- ing and GPS in pest monitoring and management. B. Baldangombo, WWF Programme Office, Mongolia, discussed how recent climate changes and anthropogenic factors impacted grasshopper distribution in Mongolia. G. Sword, Texas A&M University, USA, stated that the knowledge of the underlying mechanisms and relation- ships between phase polyphenism and mass movement has advanced considerably, providing multiple op- portunities to apply this understand- control products was successful in remains the predominant one despite ing to improve locust management some regions and not in others. These some recent promising advances in practices in the field. He demonstrated reasons include some technical diffi- biological control. At the same time, that these insights in locust biology culties, such as the high temperatures, D. Hunter, BASF, underlined that provided an important step toward the a higher price compared to synthetic there are increasing environmental preventive control strategy. chemical insecticides, and slower ac- and human health restrictions on The symposium was concluded tion compared to chemical pesticides. chemical pesticides, which make by a full-length documentary by R. However, more often, the use of their use more and more problematic. Nugent about locust plagues and their biolopesticides in Africa is impeded Under such conditions, more effective control in various parts of the world. by non-biological reasons, e.g. con- L&G control can be achieved through The Symposium Chair would like servative mind set, donors’ political optimizing treatment strategies and to express his utmost gratitude to D. agendas, subpar logistics, and inad- tactics, use of biopesticides, and ap- Hunter for his invaluable help in equate finances. Similarly, D. Lange, plications of geospatial technologies. organizing the symposium and editing Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Specialists from China, Puyun its abstracts. Argentina, indicated that in South Yang, Chinese National Agricultural America the “chemical paradigm” Technology Extension Center, and

locust. Xianhui Wang represented amount of molecular-based research Orthopteran the team at the Chinese Academy of over the past few years - particularly Functional Sciences in Beijing led by Professor at the Katholic University of Leu- Kang Le, who have constructed the ven, represented by three speakers at Genomics genome framework and conducted de- the symposium who all work on the Chairman: Gregory Sword tailed analyses of coding:non-coding desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. (Texas A&M University, USA) ratios, transposable element identi- Bart Boerjan presented his work on Co-Chairman: Darron Cullen (University of Cambridge, UK) fication, and assessment of global some of the epigenetic mechanisms methylation patterns. This work looks that might play a role in behavioural This year’s molecular-driven sym- set to revolutionise much of the field, phase change, with a particular focus posium was entitled “Orthopteran which lags behind similar research on DNA methylation that will allow Functional Genomics: Big Genomes in other taxa because of the size of important comparative studies with and Big Challenges.” We were hope- Orthopteran genomes and the lack the Chinese data sets for Locusta. ful of some important new insights of reliable sequence information. We Heleen Verlinden discussed her since the last meeting and we were all look forward to the publication of work on the optimisation of RNAi in not disappointed, with the announce- their findings to date. the desert locust, which will doubt- ment and preliminary analysis of the Nevertheless, the lack of genome less prove critical in coming years first Orthopteran genome in the form sequences for other species of Orthop- as researchers working on all locust of Locusta migratoria, the migratory tera has not prevented an impressive species attempt to further unravel the Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 16 METALEPTEA different locusts might have evolved utilis- ing a broadly common suite of genes. In what was other- wise a very ‘locust- heavy’ symposium, we were delighted that the first speaker of the day was a representative of a different, but no less interesting canon of work. Kenji Tomioka uses RNAi to dissect the molecular basis of the circadian clock in the cricket Gryllus molecular basis of phase change and focus of Darron Cullen’s Ph.D. and bimaculatus to allow a swarming behaviour. One example his talk presented his work on the comparison with the well-known but of this was discussed in some detail species to date. Of particular note is highly derived equivalent in Dro- by Rut Vleugels, whose Ph.D. has Cullen’s experiments, which showed sophila. Tomioka’s presentation was partly focused on biogenic amine that behavioural gregarization in the a fascinating example of the utility of receptors in the desert locust, using Australian plague locust is triggered the relatively simple RNAi technique RNAi to impede swarming behav- by tactile stimulation of the antennae, in unravelling a complex biological iour with some success. Vleugel’s in contrast to the well-known femoral question. With the first Orthopteran presentation finished with a useful route for the desert locust. He also genome now firmly on the horizon comparison of the known mechanisms drew some comparisons with the two (which is undoubtedly a good thing, of phase change in both the desert aforementioned locust species at the of course) we should not lose sight of and migratory locusts, and also the molecular level, based on his pre- these hypothesis-driven approaches Australian plague locust, Chortoice- liminary microarray studies, and sug- that have made our study systems so tes terminifera. This species was the gested that behavioural plasticity in uniquely interesting so far.

view of the phylogenetic systematics he argued that modern grasshoppers Orthoptera of Orthoptera by co-organizer Hojun appeared to be the result of recent Systematics Song (University of Central Florida, adaptive radiation. Chairman: Hojun Song USA). He started with a general Andrej V. Gorochov (Zoological (University of Central Florida, USA) introduction of different superfamilies Institute of the Russian Academy of Co-Chairman: Yuan Huang of Caelifera and Ensifera and went Sciences, Russia) presented an inter- (Shanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China) on to talk about earlier phylogenetic esting talk summarizing decades of The Orthoptera Systematics Sym- hypotheses. He then presented his his research on fossil Orthoptera. His posium was an exciting event, which most recent phylogeny of Orthoptera presentation was in large part a criti- brought together currently active based on comprehensive taxon (14 cism of modern cladistic methods and systematists working with Orthoptera Superfamilies, 35 Families, 226 taxa) argument for evolutionary taxonomy. to discuss the future of orthopteran and character sampling (complete He argued that evolutionary taxono- systematics. The symposium was mitochondrial genome and 4 nuclear my would recognize both paraphyletic co-organized by Hojun Song (Uni- genes). This phylogeny recovered the and holophyletic taxa, which would versity of Central Florida) and Yuan monophyly of each suborder as well allow one to form higher taxa having Huang (Shanxi Normal University) as major superfamilies. A divergence more or less similar morphological and included eight fascinating presen- time estimate analysis based on structure and mode of life. These taxa tations focusing on interesting groups numerous fossil calibration points would then give a possibility for their of Caelifera and Ensifera, both fossil suggested that the current diversity of morphological diagnostics and may and extant taxa, using morphological Orthoptera is a result of both gradual be considered as certain organiza- and molecular data. and rapid radiation followed by a tional steps in the evolutionary ladder. The symposium began with an over- number of extinctions. Furthermore, Using several extinct orthopteran Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 17 METALEPTEA groups as examples, Gorochov tried to advance his view. After his presen- tation, there were some interesting debates on the philosophy of system- atics and classification. Laure Desutter-Grandcolas (Muséum national d’Histoire na- turelle, France) presented her ongoing research on the molecular phylogeny of Grylloidea. Her work is the most comprehensive phylogeny of crick- ets to date, based on more than 200 terminals representing more than 94% of all supra generic groups and a set of 8 mitochondrial and nuclear mark- ers (about 4000 bp). She showed that many of the traditionally recognized groups were paraphyletic and there is a need to reclassify Grylloidea. Fi- the family is represented by 7 sub- including numerous endemic organ- nally, she discussed the implication of families, 50 genera, and 600 species, isms with interesting life histories. the phylogenetic hypothesis on cricket which mainly occur in Southern Chi- Despite their young age, the tropical evolution. na. He showed the current status of Andes are highly diverse due to recent Ricardo Mariño-Pérez (University Tetrigidae taxonomy and provided di- geological uplift. Different scenarios of Central Florida, USA) presented an agnostic characters with accompany- including habitat diversity resulting interesting talk on Pyrgomorphidae. ing images for major tetrigid groups. from differences in orogeny, topogra- Pyrgomorphidae is well-known for His presentation gave an impression phy, soils, climate and elevation have its aposematic coloration and other that Chinese taxonomists are actively been proposed to explain the diver- interesting biology and ecology, but documenting tetrigid diversity. sification of high Andean taxa. She there is not yet a phylogenetic hy- Sam Heads (Illinois Natural His- presented her recent surveys of the pothesis available for this family. tory Survey, USA) presented his re- Andean melanoplines which resulted Based on 41 ingroup taxa (represent- search on Tridactyloidea systematics, in the discovery of several new genera ing more than 90% of known tribes) mainly based on fossil data. He gave a and species. She also presented bio- and 74 morphological characters, he general overview of the taxonomy and geographic analyses to explain diver- presented the first cladistic analysis of biology of tridactyloids and showed sification patterns of distinct possible Pyrgomorphidae. He showed that the beautiful images of exceptionally geographic modes of speciation in two subfamilies within Pyrgomorphi- well-preserved fossil representatives montane habitats of Bolivia and Peru. dae were paraphyletic and discussed (both rock compressions and amber Jianhua Huang (Guangxi Normal the evolution of aposematic coloration inclusions) of this group. He empha- University, China) presented his re- and wing reduction. sized the importance of the fossil data search on the performance and utility Weian Deng (Hechi University, and reviewed their phylogenetic im- of DNA barcoding in Chinese Acri- China) reviewed the systematics portance in tridactyloidea systematics. doidea. Using eight selected species of Tetrigidae in China. In China, Maria Marta Cigliano (Universi- groups as case studies and various dad Nacional methods, the potential for species de La Plata, identification through DNA barcodes Argentina) was discussed. He showed that COI presented barcode region performed much better her research in the phylogenetic reconstruction at on Andean the genus and species level than at Melanoplinae. higher taxa level and suggested that The Andes are most overlap and incorrect identifica- characterized tion may be due to imperfect tax- by a long list onomy, indicating the critical role of of outstand- taxonomic revision in DNA barcoding ing features, studies. Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 18 METALEPTEA Orthoptera in Culture & Education Chairman: Charles Bomar (University of Wisconsin-Stout, USA) Co-Chairman: Qimiao Shao (BASF, China) Six speakers presented a truly global perspective on “Orthoptera in Culture in Education.” Symposia co- organizer Charles Bomar (University of Wisconsin-Stout, USA) began the session by discussing the multiple influences that developed the Ameri- can perception of Orthoptera. The late 1800’s in the US were devastated with outbreaks of Melanoplus spretus, plans for pre-K through high school the Bible, Koran, and Torah. Notable forever leaving an impression on the use throughout the USA. At ISU, he in this presentation were the similar American psyche. Later, the “Disney- supplies live Orthoptera to numerous interpretation each religion had on the fication” of grasshoppers supported laboratory classes (general biology, locust and its meaning in their culture. this role of grasshopper (“Hopper” physiology, behavior, neurobiology, Moreover, locusts are considered from the movie, A Bug’s Life) in microbiology, histology, etc.), as well kosher (Jewish) and halal (Muslim) a negative context, but crickets as as to train undergraduates in research. according to current dietary tradi- very positive and friendly insects in Whitman maintains a colony of giant tion. Commonly in religious poetry movies, such as Pinocchio (“Jiminy lubber grasshoppers, Romalea mi- the term “locust” was synonymous Cricket”) and Mulan (“Cri-kee”). croptera, and ships live specimens with abundance or greed and was Bomar also cited St. Urho, an imagi- to nature centers, zoos, children’s perceived as being the last animal to nary saint that represented a cultural museums, schools, universities, and leave this world. As a consequence, community centerpiece in rural Finn- education programs throughout the their presence reassures some people ish immigrant communities in Minne- USA and Canada. of the continuity of life. sota, USA, and had a day devoted to Shao Qimiao (BASF, China) pro- Ricardo Mariño-Pérez (University him for driving the grasshoppers out vided a fascinating history of cricket of Central Florida, USA) discussed of Finland and saving the grape crops. culture in China. Crickets are a very word origins of numerous Orthop- He closed with discussing opportuni- diverse group in China, with over 230 terioidea in Mexican culture. The ties to expose a wide array of learners species found in the country. Cultur- word “grasshopper” in Spanish is to the wonders of Orthoptera and the ally-speaking, crickets represent the “saltamonte”, however, in Mexican value and influence they have had on most common insect found in Chinese Spanish the word “chapulin” is more American culture. art, literature and philosophy. The commonly used. This word comes Doug Whitman (Illinois State sport of cricket fighting is over 1,000 from nahuatl (the language spoken by University, USA) presented on us- years old in China and there is a vast the Aztecs): chapa(nia), which means ing an array of orthopteroid insects array of literature documenting this “bounce” and ulli, or “rubber”, and, (grasshoppers, crickets, katydids, important cultural activity. therefore, together, the word means walking sticks, mantids, and cock- Koutaro Ould Maeno (Maurita- “insect that jumps like a rubber ball”. roaches) for public outreach, teaching, nian Desert Locust Centre, Maurita- In Mexico, both adult and nymph and research. Because Orthoptera are nia) presented for Mohammed OULD Orthoptera are eaten, mainly in the large, charismatic, abundant, diverse, Babah who was unable to attend the Acrididae family, although species of easy to maintain, and have interesting symposium, adding Japanese Or- the Pyrgomorphidae genus, Sphenar- behaviors, they are ideal for teaching thopteran culture to the already rich ium, are widely eaten and harvested. biology to students of all ages and presentation that Ould Babah had 78 species belonging to 42 genera and levels, and for both formal and infor- prepared. Their presentation focused 5 families are used as food, mainly in mal education. His Bugs for Kids Pro- on occurrences and perception of the southern part of Mexico. gram provides live insects and lesson Orthoptera in holy books, such as Ünal Mustafa (Abant Izzet Baysal Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 19 METALEPTEA University, Turkey) presented on the weddings and community events the pants. role of Orthoptera in Turkish folk fairly upbeat songs encourage people The organizers of the Chauhudian, songs. These songs reflected on the to dance, To conclude his presentation Ningjin County, Chandong Province negative history that grasshoppers Mustafa played portions of record- provided the closing presentation have created for the Turkish people, ings of a few Turkish folksongs to the discussing their annual cricket fight- causing crop loss and famine in com- delight of the audience. ing competition and showed a brief munities. This damage caused the Both Maeno and Mariño-Pérez pro- video of the event. In 2012, over delay of loan payments and, in some vided edible samples of grasshoppers, 100 participants from across China cases, the postponement of weddings prepared in Japanese (pickled) and brought crickets to battle. The closing in Turkey. The irony of these songs traditional Mexican (dried) styles for presentation was graciously translated is that they are commonly played at consumption by symposium partici- by Shao Quimiao. Orthoptera Communication Chairman: Klaus Riede (Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Germany) Co-Chairman: Wangpeng Shi (China Agricultural University, China)

Our symposium on Orthoptera communication took place on the last congress day, during a well-attended morning session. We concentrated on bioacoustics, well-aware that visual and chemical communication chan- nels are important, but could not be considered due to time constraints. The four speakers concentrated on in-depth studies of acoustic commu- nication, encompassing new compara- tive studies on sound production (T. Robillard), hearing (F. Montealegre Zapata), the structure of species-rich Orthoptera communities in rainforests (R. Balakrishnan) and species-recog- nition of crickets in complex rainfor- est soundscapes (H. Römer). Bioacoustic research on Orthop- tera has a long tradition, starting in the 1950s with A. Faber and R.-G. Busnel. First comparative studies were soon taken up by neurophysi- ologists and ethologists, who applied their rapidly evolving equipment and methodology to a limited set of model species, such as Gryllus spp,, Chorthippus spp. and few tettigoniid species. The first presentation byTony Fig. 1. Evolution of high frequency signals in Eneopterinae crickets: data about fre- Robillard introduced the new “model quency spectra, morphology, and resonance of wings integrated using a phylogenetic group” of Eneopterinae, with several approach. From top to bottom, the species illustrated are Nisitrus vittatus, Cardiodac- newly-described species from the tylus tankara, Lebinthus luae, and Agnotecous sarramea (Robillard et al. 2013). Philippines, Indonesia, and Papua

Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 20 METALEPTEA New Guinea to New Caledonia, pro- ducing high-frequency songs above 10 kHz, which is unusual for hitherto known cricket species (Fig. 1). Then, Fernando Montealegre Za- pata surprised the audience with his ingenious combination of new meth- ods. He studied stridulating crickets using Micro-scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry (MSLDV), and com- bined MSLDV and µCT tomography into a new approach to investigate tettigoniid hearing organs. Surprising results indicated functional conver- gence between the katydid ear and the mammalian ear (Fig. 2). Rohini Balakrishnan presented the third presentation about a sophisti- cated model approach to study signal overlap in a complex Orthoptera call- ing community in the Western Ghats forests, a biodiversity hotspot in India (Jain et al. 2013). A totally distinct, highly diverse Orthoptera community can be observed at another biodiver- sity hotspot, the Panamanian rainfor- est. Lastly, Heiner Römer explained how sensory adaptations of cricket ears can help to filter species-specific songs out of a complex rainforest cho- Fig. 2. A-E: 3D reconstruction of the hearing system of the katydid Copiphora gorgo- nensis using micro-CT scanning. F. Vibration of the ear fluid as recorded through the rus at a very peripheral level (Fig. 3). leg cuticle using MSLDV. G. Tympanal vibrations recorded with MSLDV showing the The symposium provided an impedance conversion mechanism between tympanum and tympanal plate (Mon- impressive overview of Orthoptera tealegre et al. 2012). sound communication and the state- of-the-art methods used for analyses. Fig. 3. Perfor- mance of the Researchers from both ends of this P. podagrosus spectrum were extending their ap- AN1 neuronal proach: physiologists by studying a filter for the much wider range of species, often representation with a comparative approach, tax- of conspecific onomists by applying sophisticated signals in back- bioacoustic methodology with an ground noise. evolutionary perspective. We look One example of forward to expanding the field, such AN1 activity in as the relationship between sound response to con- specific calling information and other modalities, like song and background noise is shown under various signal-to-noise (S:N) ratios from visual and chemical communication. 3 to –9 dB. Note the lack of activity in the noise-only situation before the conspecific stimulus started (S:N ratio 3 dB) and the increasing activity with decreasing S:N ratios References of 0 and –6 dB. Yet, the temporal pattern of the calling song is still preserved in the Jain, M., Diwakar, S., Bahuleyan, J., Deb, R., Balakrishnan, R., 2013. A rain forest dusk firing pattern. Note also the suppression of activity during the time in between the two chorus: cacophony or sounds of silence? Evo- series of calling songs, at the same S:N ratios. Complete masking occurs at an S:N ratio lutionary Ecology, 1-22. of –9 dB.(from Schmidt et. al. 2011, Fig. 9). Montealegre-Z, F., Jonsson, T., Robson-Brown,

Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 21 METALEPTEA K. A., Postles, M., Robert, D. (2012) Conver- (2013). Mechanisms of high frequency song Schmidt A.K.D., Riede K., and Römer H. gent evolution between insect and mamma- generation in brachypterous crickets and the (2011): High background noise shapes selec- lian audition. Science 338, 968-971. role of ghost frequencies. Journal of Experi- tive auditory filters in a tropical cricket. Jour- Robillard, T.*, Montealegre-Z., F.*, Desutter- mental Biology. 216: 2001-2011. * joint first nal of Experimental Biology 214, 1754-1762. Grandcolas, L., Grandcolas, P., Robert, D. authors.

Workshop: Orthoptera Species File Chairman: Maria Marta Cigliano (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina ) Co-Chairman: David C. Eades (University of Illinois, USA)

The main objective of the workshop was to make Orthopterists aware of the existence of the taxonomic data- base, Orthoptera Species File Online (http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/), and the different ways that this database may be used, not only as a complete catalogue, but also as a tool to help systematists with their own work. gies. The development will consist of important features for about 3 years During the first part of the work- 1) a new workbench for taxonomists, (the estimated time the transition shop, Maria Marta Cigliano gave a 2) complementary software and ap- will take), while most of the group’s presentation on the history and devel- plications, and 3) migration to a new efforts will be dedicated to the new opment of OSF, integration of OSF platform and integrating the best fea- initiative. with other internet resources, infor- tures of Species Files software with The second part of the workshop mation and contents on the database, the other software developed by the consisted of showing different fea- basic features of the Public read-only Species File Group (mx and 3i). The tures and implementations in OSF di- interface (e.g., search options, use major objective is to construct a new rectly online. Upon request of the at- of change items displayed and im- environment that will allow to repli- tendants we demonstrated how to add age comparison, interactive maps cate the functionality of Species File taxon LSIDs and links to OSF into and keys, etc.). The presentation also Software while expanding its scope a manuscript submitted for publica- included the description of basic fea- and simplifying its use. Development tion; how to add images and specimen tures of the Editing interface (adding of OSF will be limited to bug fixing records to OSF, among other features, images, specimens, changes related to and implementation of small or very and how to become an editor of OSF. the rank and status of a taxon name), and on the way that the program Hojun Song prevents changes that conflict with (Editor, the rules of nomenclature. Further- Metaleptea), more, the potential of using OSF as a Maria Marta tool for monographs and revisionary Cigliano (Past President, studies of Orthoptera and as a way of OSF Commit- integrating many of the most recent tee Chair), cybertaxonomic tools with species and Sam descriptions was also presented and Heads (Edi- discussed. tor, JOR) at Afterwards, David C. Eades com- the Yunnan mented on the new initiatives of Spe- University cies Files, mentioning that, in a few campus in months, the Species File Group will Kunming begin a transition to open technolo- Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 22 METALEPTEA Some of the memorable moments at the Congress

Many more photographs from the Congress are available at: http://ico.greatlocust.com.

Volume 33 (3) / October 2013 23 METALEPTEA Report of the Board Meeting of the Orthopterists’ Society (Kunming, China, August 11, 2013) By MICHAEL SAMWAYS President 1. Apologies were received from cos Lhano retired professionals, and individ- Mohamed Abdellahi Ould Babah, Western Europe: Fernando Mon- uals from developing countries, Dan Johnson, Michel Lecoq, tealegre the membership fee is $10, which Glenn Morrris for not being able Eastern Europe, North and Cen- includes the online version of to make it to the Congress. tral Asia: Michael Sergeev JOR. There is also the category of 2. Recognition was given to past Middle East, Caucasus: Battal Life Membership, which is 10X Board Members: the late Ted Çiplak the current Active Membership Cohn, Glenn Morris (retired as China, Koreas: Zhang Long rate. Editor of Journal of Orthoptera Japan: Haruki Tatsuta 7. Metaleptea Research), David Eades (retired South Asia: To Be Appointed Hojun Song will apply for ISSN as Orthoptera Species File Officer North and Sahelian Africa: Mo- registration. and as Treasurer) hammed Abdallahi Ould Babah 8. Journal of Orthoptera Research 3. New Board of the Society Sub-Saharan Africa: Corey Ba- JOR will continue using the most President Elect: Alexandre zelet appropriate and latest publish- Latchininsky Australiasia, including Pacific: ing techniques under editorship Past President: Maria Marta David Hunter of Sam Heads. Will apply for ISI Cigliano 4. Past officers: It was agreed that rating (indexing) asap. For this, President: Michael Samways past officers who have made a publication must be regular. This Executive Director: Chuck Bomar substantial contribution may join will benefit all researchers and (However, Dr. Bomar retires from Board Meetings in the future. will increase quantity and overall the Society in December 2013 5. Activities of R