User's Guide Version 3 for Macintosh

The fast, organized way to analyze and graph scientific data  1994-2000,,, GraphPad Soffftttware,,, IIInc... Allllll riiighttts reserved... Maciiintttosh versiiion by Soffftttware MacKiiiev... www...mackiiiev...com GraphPad Prism, Prism and InStat are registered trademarks of GraphPad Software, Inc. GraphPad is a trademark of GraphPad Software, Inc.

Use of the software is subject to the restrictions contained in the accompanying software license agreement.

How to reach GraphPad Software, Inc:

Phone: 858-457-3909 Fax: 858-457-8141 Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Web: www.graphpad.com Mail: GraphPad Software, Inc. 5755 Oberlin Drive #110 San Diego, CA 92121 USA When you opened the disk envelope, or downloaded the purchased software, you agreed to the Software License Agreement reprinted on page 185. GraphPad Software, Inc. does not guarantee that the program is error-free, and cannot be held liable for any damages or inconvenience caused by errors. Although we have tested Prism carefully, the possibility of software errors exists in any complex computer program. You should check important results carefully before drawing conclusions. GraphPad Priiism iiis desiiigned fffor research purposes onllly,,, and shoullld nottt be used fffor ttthe diiiagnosiiis or tttreatttmenttt offf patttiiienttts... If you find that Prism does not fit your needs, you may return it for a full refund (less shipping fees) within 90 days. You do not need to contact us first. Simply ship the package to us with a note explaining why you are returning the program. Include your phone and fax numbers, and a copy of the invoice. If you purchased Prism through a dealer or catalog, please contact the company you purchased it from regarding returns.

Contents

Contents...... 5 Orientation...... 9 Introducing GraphPad Prism ...... 9 System requirements...... 9 Upgrading from a previous version ...... 10 How Prism is organized...... 10 Starting GraphPad Prism...... 12 Hints for people who don't read manuals...... 13 Tutorial ...... 15 Step 1. Start Prism...... 15 Step 2. Import data ...... 17 Step 3. Make a graph ...... 18 Step 4. Fit a ...... 20 Step 5. Create a second graph ...... 22 Step 6. Arrange two graphs on a page layout ...... 24 Step 7. Embed a table ...... 26 Step 8. Exclude a value and update the graph...... 27 Step 9. Copy and paste to PowerPoint ...... 28 Entering and editing data ...... 29 Overview of data tables ...... 29 The Welcome dialog ...... 30 Column formats...... 31 Creating additional data tables...... 34 Working with the data table ...... 35 Using the clipboard ...... 37 Entering multiple sets of data that don't share X values ...... 38 Embedding data tables in graphs or layouts...... 39 Importing and pasting data...... 41 Overview of importing and pasting...... 41 Using data from Excel...... 41 The Format Data Object dialog ...... 43 Data objects in Prism...... 49 Analyzing data...... 51 Data analysis overview...... 51 Choosing an analysis...... 52 Viewing and graphing results ...... 55 Changing an analysis ...... 56 Frozen and orphaned results ...... 57 Analyzing repeated experiments...... 58 Saving templates and methods...... 61 Analysis options ...... 62 Graph types ...... 65 Automatic graphs...... 65 XY graphs ...... 66 Column graphs...... 71 Bar graphs with two grouping variables...... 72 Bar graphs with one grouping variable ...... 75 Changing the graph type ...... 77 Creating graphs ...... 79 Making a new graph ...... 79 Graph options...... 79 Create a series of similar graphs ...... 81 Choosing data to graph ...... 82 The Change button ...... 85 Axes...... 87 Overview of axes ...... 87 Formatting axes ...... 87 Custom ticks...... 91 Logarithmic axes...... 94 Discontinuous axes...... 98 Hiding axes and showing scale bars...... 101 Graphs with two Y-axes...... 102 Thickness and color of axes...... 103 Axis titles and numbering ...... 103 Changing bars and symbols...... 105 Format symbols and li