Ohio Archaeologist
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Ohio History Lesson 1
http://www.touring-ohio.com/ohio-history.html http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/category.php?c=PH http://www.oplin.org/famousohioans/indians/links.html Benchmark • Describe the cultural patterns that are visible in North America today as a result of exploration, colonization & conflict Grade Level Indicator • Describe, the earliest settlements in Ohio including those of prehistoric peoples The students will be able to recognize and describe characteristics of the earliest settlers Assessment Lesson 2 Choose 2 of the 6 prehistoric groups (Paleo-indians, Archaic, Adena, Hopewell, Fort Ancients, Whittlesey). Give two examples of how these groups were similar and two examples of how these groups were different. Provide evidence from the text to support your answer. Bering Strait Stone Age Shawnee Paleo-Indian People Catfish •Pre-Clovis Culture Cave Art •Clovis Culture •Plano Culture Paleo-Indian People • First to come to North America • “Paleo” means “Ancient” • Paleo-Indians • Hunted huge wild animals for food • Gathered seeds, nuts and roots. • Used bone needles to sew animal hides • Used flint to make tools and weapons • Left after the Ice Age-disappeared from Ohio Archaic People Archaic People • Early/Middle Archaic Period • Late Archaic Period • Glacial Kame/Red Ocher Cultures Archaic People • Archaic means very old (2nd Ohio group) • Stone tools to chop down trees • Canoes from dugout trees • Archaic Indians were hunters: deer, wild turkeys, bears, ducks and geese • Antlers to hunt • All parts of the animal were used • Nets to fish -
2004 Midwest Archaeological Conference Program
Southeastern Archaeological Conference Bulletin 47 2004 Program and Abstracts of the Fiftieth Midwest Archaeological Conference and the Sixty-First Southeastern Archaeological Conference October 20 – 23, 2004 St. Louis Marriott Pavilion Downtown St. Louis, Missouri Edited by Timothy E. Baumann, Lucretia S. Kelly, and John E. Kelly Hosted by Department of Anthropology, Washington University Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri-St. Louis Timothy E. Baumann, Program Chair John E. Kelly and Timothy E. Baumann, Co-Organizers ISSN-0584-410X Floor Plan of the Marriott Hotel First Floor Second Floor ii Preface WELCOME TO ST. LOUIS! This joint conference of the Midwest Archaeological Conference and the Southeastern Archaeological Conference marks the second time that these two prestigious organizations have joined together. The first was ten years ago in Lexington, Kentucky and from all accounts a tremendous success. Having the two groups meet in St. Louis is a first for both groups in the 50 years that the Midwest Conference has been in existence and the 61 years that the Southeastern Archaeological Conference has met since its inaugural meeting in 1938. St. Louis hosted the first Midwestern Conference on Archaeology sponsored by the National Research Council’s Committee on State Archaeological Survey 75 years ago. Parts of the conference were broadcast across the airwaves of KMOX radio, thus reaching a larger audience. Since then St. Louis has been host to two Society for American Archaeology conferences in 1976 and 1993 as well as the Society for Historical Archaeology’s conference in 2004. When we proposed this joint conference three years ago we felt it would serve to again bring people together throughout most of the mid-continent. -
An Archaeological Inventory of Alamance County, North Carolina
AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA Alamance County Historic Properties Commission August, 2019 AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY OF ALAMANCE COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA A SPECIAL PROJECT OF THE ALAMANCE COUNTY HISTORIC PROPERTIES COMMISSION August 5, 2019 This inventory is an update of the Alamance County Archaeological Survey Project, published by the Research Laboratories of Anthropology, UNC-Chapel Hill in 1986 (McManus and Long 1986). The survey project collected information on 65 archaeological sites. A total of 177 archaeological sites had been recorded prior to the 1986 project making a total of 242 sites on file at the end of the survey work. Since that time, other archaeological sites have been added to the North Carolina site files at the Office of State Archaeology, Department of Natural and Cultural Resources in Raleigh. The updated inventory presented here includes 410 sites across the county and serves to make the information current. Most of the information in this document is from the original survey and site forms on file at the Office of State Archaeology and may not reflect the current conditions of some of the sites. This updated inventory was undertaken as a Special Project by members of the Alamance County Historic Properties Commission (HPC) and published in-house by the Alamance County Planning Department. The goals of this project are three-fold and include: 1) to make the archaeological and cultural heritage of the county more accessible to its citizens; 2) to serve as a planning tool for the Alamance County Planning Department and provide aid in preservation and conservation efforts by the county planners; and 3) to serve as a research tool for scholars studying the prehistory and history of Alamance County. -
A Comparison of Faunal Assemblages from Two Fort Ancient Villages
Exploring Environmental and Cultural Influences on Subsistence: A Comparison of Faunal Assemblages from Two Fort Ancient Villages Honors Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in Anthropology in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Melissa French The Ohio State University December 2013 Project Advisor: Professor Robert Cook, Department of Anthropology 1 Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Ohio State University and Cincinnati Museum Center for allowing me to use their comparative collections to identify the faunal remains used in this study. I would also like to thank the Social and Behavioral Sciences research grant program and the Sidney Pressey Honors & Scholars grant program for providing funds for me to take part in the excavation at Guard in 2012. Thanks to Jackie Lipphardt for teaching me about the joys of faunal analysis. Thank you to Dr. Jeffery Cohen and Dr. Greg Anderson for serving as my committee members for my oral examination. And finally, I would also like to thank my advisor Dr. Robert Cook for allowing me to use the faunal remains from Guard and Taylor in my study as well as for challenging, educating and guiding me during this process. 2 Table of Contents Page List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………………...4 List of Figures……………………………………………………………………………..............5 Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………............6 Introduction…................................................................................................................................ -
Violence and Environmental Stress During the Late Fort Ancient (AD 1425 - 1635) Occupations of Hardin Village
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones 5-1-2019 The Bioarchaeology of Instability: Violence and Environmental Stress During the Late Fort Ancient (AD 1425 - 1635) Occupations of Hardin Village Amber Elaine Osterholt Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations Part of the Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons Repository Citation Osterholt, Amber Elaine, "The Bioarchaeology of Instability: Violence and Environmental Stress During the Late Fort Ancient (AD 1425 - 1635) Occupations of Hardin Village" (2019). UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones. 3656. http://dx.doi.org/10.34917/15778514 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE BIOARCHAEOLOGY OF INSTABILITY: VIOLENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS DURING THE LATE FORT ANCIENT (AD 1425 – 1635) OCCUPATIONS -
An Ethnohistoric and Archaeological Investigation of Late Fort Ancient Bifacial Endscrapers
The College of Wooster Open Works Senior Independent Study Theses 2020 Tools of the Trade: An Ethnohistoric and Archaeological Investigation of Late Fort Ancient Bifacial Endscrapers Kevin Andrew Rolph The College of Wooster, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://openworks.wooster.edu/independentstudy Recommended Citation Rolph, Kevin Andrew, "Tools of the Trade: An Ethnohistoric and Archaeological Investigation of Late Fort Ancient Bifacial Endscrapers" (2020). Senior Independent Study Theses. Paper 9005. This Senior Independent Study Thesis Exemplar is brought to you by Open Works, a service of The College of Wooster Libraries. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Independent Study Theses by an authorized administrator of Open Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © Copyright 2020 Kevin Andrew Rolph Tools of the Trade: An Ethnohistoric and Archaeological Investigation of Late Fort Ancient Bifacial Endscrapers By Kevin A. Rolph A Thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements of Independent Study In Archaeology at The College of Wooster Archaeology 451 Dr. Olivia Navarro- Farr March 23, 2020 Abstract The arrival of Europeans to the New World forever changed the social and economic landscapes of Native Peoples who occupied the continents. Colonial institutions profited off the land and those who occupied it. One institution that exemplified this was the Fur Trade. Throughout the North and Northeast colonies, European nations acquired furs from a variety of mammals to meet the trans-Atlantic demand. To maximize profits in the New World many European colonizers turned to Native peoples to aid in their economic endeavors. Native Americans employed trade routes and knowledge of the land to their advantage in the new economic landscape. -
Sunwatch Indian Village/Archaeological Park)
Select Bibliography for on 33My57 (SunWatch Indian Village/Archaeological Park) Allman, John C. 1968 The Incinerator Village Site. Ohio Archaeologist 18 (2): 50-55. Barber, Michael B. 1974 Fort Ancient Settlement Patterns. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio. Conard, Anthony R. 1984 Experimental Duplication of the Fort Ancient Shell Hoe. Ohio Archaeologist 34 (4): 18-19. 1985 A Preliminary Report on Incinerator Site (33My57) Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios Used in Dietary Reconstruction. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. 1988 Analysis in Dietary Reconstruction. In A History of 17 Years of Excavation and Reconstruction: A Chronicle of 12th Century Human Values and the Built Environment, edited by J. Heilman, Malinda Lileas and Chris Turnbow, pp. 112- 156, vol. I, Dayton Museum of Natural History, Dayton, Ohio. 1988 The Shell Hoe. In A History of 17 Years of Excavation and Reconstruction: A Chronicle of 12th Century Human Values and the Built Environment, edited by J. Heilman, Malinda Lileas and Chris Turnbow, pp. 79-83, vol. I, Dayton Museum of Natural History, Dayton, Ohio. Conard, Anthony R. and Charlene M. Bohn 1988 Feather Cape Reconstruction. In A History of 17 Years of Excavation and Reconstruction: A Chronicle of 12th Century Human Values and the Built Environment, edited by J. Heilman, Malinda Lileas and Chris Turnbow, pp. 74- 78, vol. II, Dayton Museum of Natural History, Dayton, Ohio. Cook, Robert A. 2004 Upper Mississippian Village Structure and Formation. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing. 2005 Reconstructing Perishable Architecture: Prospects and Limitations of a Fort Ancient Example. -
Serpent Mound
SERPENT MOUND Learning Objectives Lesson Overview Students will learn about the late prehistoric Students will Indians and their cultural practices by studying the Watch video on the Serpent Mound Fort Ancient Indian culture and the giant earthwork Examine images of Fort Ancient artifacts Create a “mock” cover and articles for Serpent Mound. National Geographic magazine Write an acrostic poem about the Serpent Mound Teacher Background a date of 1070 A.D. for its construction. Today, the site is on the National Register of Historic Places and The term Fort Ancient refers to a Native American has been nominated to become a UNESCO World culture that thrived between 1000-1650 A.D. in what Heritage Site. is now modern day southern Ohio and northern Kentucky. The culture was named after the site As with the Adena culture, mounds were often used “Fort Ancient,” a large settlement with extensive for burials. Though the Fort Ancient people were a mounded earthworks located in southwestern Ohio, moundbuilding culture, the mounds constructed by although these mounds are now believed to have the Fort Ancient did not serve a funerary function, been created by the Hopewell people. In fact, the nor was the Serpent Mound used for burials. Since Fort Ancient people were mound builders thought the Fort Ancient people left no written records, the to be descended from the Hopewell Culture. Today, function of the mound can never truly be confirmed. scholars believe the Fort Ancient Indians are the There are, however, several popular theories that likely ancestors of the Shawnee Indians. suggest that this colossal earthwork was used as a solar calender with different points along the curves The Fort Ancient people were Ohio’s first farmers of the serpent aligned to the seasonal solstices. -
Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio 1654-1843
Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio 1654-1843 Ohio Historical Society www.ohiohistory.org $4.00 TABLE OF CONTENTS Historical Background 03 Trails and Settlements 03 Shelters and Dwellings 04 Clothing and Dress 07 Arts and Crafts 08 Religions 09 Medicine 10 Agriculture, Hunting, and Fishing 11 The Fur Trade 12 Five Major Tribes of Ohio 13 Adapting Each Other’s Ways 16 Removal of the American Indian 18 Ohio Historical Society Indian Sites 20 Ohio Historical Marker Sites 20 Timeline 32 Glossary 36 The Ohio Historical Society 1982 Velma Avenue Columbus, OH 43211 2 Ohio Historical Society www.ohiohistory.org Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In Ohio, the last of the prehistoric Indians, the Erie and the Fort Ancient people, were destroyed or driven away by the Iroquois about 1655. Some ethnologists believe the Shawnee descended from the Fort Ancient people. The Shawnees were wanderers, who lived in many places in the south. They became associated closely with the Delaware in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Able fighters, the Shawnees stubbornly resisted white pressures until the Treaty of Greene Ville in 1795. At the time of the arrival of the European explorers on the shores of the North American continent, the American Indians were living in a network of highly developed cultures. Each group lived in similar housing, wore similar clothing, ate similar food, and enjoyed similar tribal life. In the geographical northeastern part of North America, the principal American Indian tribes were: Abittibi, Abenaki, Algonquin, Beothuk, Cayuga, Chippewa, Delaware, Eastern Cree, Erie, Forest Potawatomi, Huron, Iroquois, Illinois, Kickapoo, Mohicans, Maliseet, Massachusetts, Menominee, Miami, Micmac, Mississauga, Mohawk, Montagnais, Munsee, Muskekowug, Nanticoke, Narragansett, Naskapi, Neutral, Nipissing, Ojibwa, Oneida, Onondaga, Ottawa, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Peoria, Pequot, Piankashaw, Prairie Potawatomi, Sauk-Fox, Seneca, Susquehanna, Swamp-Cree, Tuscarora, Winnebago, and Wyandot. -
Fort Ancient Earthworks Hilltop Enclosure
FORT ANCIENT EARTHWORKS HILLTOP ENCLOSURE FORT ANCIENT This is the most spectac- Early settlers, astonished by the place, ular and well-preserved of the Hopewell-era decided it must be a fort. Yet no fort ever had hilltop enclosures. It surrounds over 100 acres, 67 gateway openings or a moat on the inside. high above a narrow gorge of the Little Miami Today, Fort Ancient and other hilltop enclo- River. Here, Hopewell era builders moved mas- sures like it are thought to have been places of sive amounts of earth to create complex and special ceremony, their elevation perhaps sig- monumental spatial effects. naling their relation to the sky. The southern plateau was ringed first, To reach Fort Ancient, take Exit 32 on then connected by a passage to a larger area, to Interstate 71 and head south, turning immedi- the north. In addition to creating a continuous ately left on State Route 350. (From the north, perimeter ditch-and-wall design, the builders or with any vehicle that can’t make a tight hair- moved soil to bridge across even the steepest pin turn, use Exit 36, and follow the signs.) In ravines. When constructing the huge causeway less than 3 miles, the road drops into the steep across from the South Fort to the North Fort, for wooded gorge of the Little Miami River, passes example, they filled up three gullies, using an an old schoolhouse structure on the right, and amount of soil equal to all of the site’s earthen crosses the river. At the top of the bluff on the walls combined. -
Conserving Skeletal Material in Eroding Shorelines, Currituck
WEAPEMEOC SHORES: THE LOSS OF TRADITIONAL MARITIME CULTURE AMONG THE WEAPEMEOC INDIANS by Whitney R. Petrey April, 2014 Director of Thesis: Larry Tise, PhD Major Department: Maritime Studies The Weapemeoc were an Indian group of the Late Woodland Period through the Early Colonial Period (1400 A.D.-1780 A.D.) that went through significant cultural change as they were displaced from their traditional maritime subsistence resources. The Weapemeoc were located in what is today northeastern North Carolina. Their permanent villages were located along the northern shore of Albemarle Sound, with seasonal and temporary villages on the outer banks and upriver on the several tributaries that drain to the Albemarle Sound. Weapemeoc access to maritime resources would be altered significantly by European colonization and settlement in the area. The loss of maritime subsistence, maritime communication and maritime mentality resulted in the loss of the traditional culture of the Weapemeoc Indians and their seeming disappearance as a distinct group of people. Early historical records and maps illustrate the acculturation of the Weapemeoc and the loss of traditional maritime culture. As land was sold to settlers in prime areas along rivers and along the shore of the Albemarle Sound, Weapemeoc were displaced from their seasonal procurement sites and seasonal permanent villages. By 1704, a reservation was established by the colonial government for the Weapemeoc along Indiantown Creek. By 1780, the Weapemeoc lived in such a similar fashion as their neighbors of European descent that they are no longer distinguishable in the archaeological or historical record. WEAPEMEOC SHORES: THE LOSS OF TRADITIONAL MARITIME CULTURE AMONG THE WEAPEMEOC INDIANS A Thesis Presented To the Faculty of the Department of History East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Arts In Maritime Studies by Whitney R. -
Report of Findings
REPORT OF FINDINGS TERRESTRIAL AND UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY, AND SITE AND ANOMALY EVALUATION FOR THE PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE OF THE MID-CURRITUCK BRIDGE PROJECT IN CURRITUCK AND DARE COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA STIP NO. R-2576 Cemetery at 31CK146 Spirit house at 31CK146 PREPARED FOR: UNDER CONTRACT TO: SUBMITTED BY: North Carolina Turnpike Panamerican Consultants, Authority Parsons Brinkerhoff, Inc. Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina Raleigh, North Carolina Tuscaloosa, Alabama and Memphis, Tennessee REVISED DRAFT REPORT NOVEMBER 2012 [THIS REPORT CONTAINS SENSITIVE INFORMATION AND IS NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION] REVISED DRAFT REPORT TERRESTRIAL AND UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY, AND SITE AND ANOMALY EVALUATION FOR THE PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE OF THE MID-CURRITUCK BRIDGE PROJECT IN CURRITUCK AND DARE COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA STIP NO. R-2576 PREPARED FOR: UNDER CONTRACT TO: North Carolina Turnpike Authority Parsons Brinkerhoff, Inc. CH 94-0809 434 Fayetteville Street Federal Project No. BRSTP-000S(494) Suite 1500 State Project No. 6.049002T Raleigh, North Carolina 27601 SUBMITTED BY: Panamerican Consultants, Inc. 2619 University Boulevard 91 Tillman Street Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401 Memphis, Tennessee 38111 Panamerican Project Nos. 31332 and 32190 AUTHORED BY: Stephen R. James, Jr., Warren Carruth, Michael Murray, Amy Carruth, and Kelley Sommers Stephen R. James, Jr., M.A., RPA Principal Investigator NOVEMBER 2012 [THIS REPORT CONTAINS SENSITIVE INFORMATION AND IS NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION] MANAGEMENT SUMMARY This report has been prepared for the Mid-Currituck Bridge Study by Panamerican Consultants, Inc. (PCI). It describes the results of an archaeological survey, and both site and anomaly evaluations completed for the Preferred Alternative of the proposed Mid-Currituck Bridge Project in Currituck and Dare counties, North Carolina (CH 94-0809).