Final Report Chapter 16 Optimized Dzongkhag-wise Rural Electrification Master Plan – The Result of the Master Plan
CHAPTER 16 OPTIMIZED DZONGKHAG-WISE RURAL ELECTRIFICATION MASTER PLAN – THE RESULT OF THE MASTER PLAN –
16.1 Method for Developing the Optimized Phase Development Plan
Based on the work flow described previously in the Chapter 13, the rural electrification master plan was formulated as follows:
a) Firstly, as described in Chapter 14, the on-grid or off-grid status of every village was determined for the final target year of 2020 by evaluating benefits and costs of on-grid and off-grid electrification;
b) Secondly, as described in Chapter 15, an economic evaluation was carried out for every feeder. On-grid planned feeder construction was allocated to 10th Five Year Plan (FYP) and 11th FYP, so that implementation could start with feeders that have a high economic efficiency.
After determining the phase in which feeders will be implemented by using a genuine economic evaluation, it was found that there was a significant difference between the percentage of on-grid households in each Dzongkhag that would be electrified by the end of 10th FYP. For instance, Dzongkhags with larger populations tended to have a relatively high electrification percentage at the end of 10th FYP. This is partly because larger populations bring higher benefits, which makes the feeder IRR higher, so larger number of the feeders are included in 10th FYP. In addition, some Dzongkhags already have a high on-grid electrification percentage at the end of 9th FYP. However, some of the other Dzongkhags still have a lower electrification percentage, even at the end of 10th FYP. The RGoB regards equal rural development as the most important policy. For rural electrification, it is the country’s policy to prepare the plan so that the electrified percentage of every Dzongkhag will become approximately equal by the end of 10th FYP.
Thus, the implementation plan that was described in Chapter 15 was modified according to the above policy, and an optimized on-grid phase development plan was prepared. This chapter (Chapter 16) describes the optimized master plan after the modification. It also explains the modification process. Here, factors of the consistency with other development sectors, as well as distance of the feeders from existing roads were considered. Furthermore, power flow analysis was performed for the optimized on-grid system and issues relating to the optimized distribution system were identified. Required countermeasures were presented. In addition to the above, an off-grid electrification plan was also prepared. The final on-grid and off-grid electrification plans have been formulated to optimize the rural electrification master plan. These optimized plans comprise the final output of the study. The economic evaluations for the optimized on-grid and off-grid plans were explained, and finally the optimized Dzongkhag-wise electrification plan was presented.
JICA, the Integrated Master Plan Study 16-1 October 2005 for Dzongkhag-wise Electrification in Bhutan Final Report Chapter 16 Optimized Dzongkhag-wise Rural Electrification Master Plan – The Result of the Master Plan
Hereafter, 10th FYP (2007-2012) and 11th FYP (2012-2017) of the national development plan are also called Phase-1 and Phase-2, respectively in this master plan.
16.2 Modifications Required to Produce the Optimized On-grid Phase Plan
16.2.1 Method for Optimization
The modification was applied to the on-grid electrification plan that was described in Chapter 15 (original plan). The optimized on-grid electrification plan was formulated in accordance with the following procedure:
1) Calculate the on-grid electrification percentage in each phase that was determined by genuine economic evaluation for each Dzongkhag by the original plan.
2) In addition to apply the power sector policy, in order to enhance the efficiency of the development, and to have consistency with other development sectors, move particular feeders originally allocated to Phase-2 to Phase-1. The criteria used to identify which particular feeders would be moved from Phase-2 to Phase-1 are: a) Feeders close to or along to existing roads; b) Feeders located in areas of education sector development; and c) Feeders in areas where electricity is currently supplied by diesel generation. 3) Apply the following modification so that the electrification percentage of each Dzongkhag at the end of Phase-1 is as equal as possible:
a) For Dzongkhags with a low electrification percentage at the end of Phase-1 in the original plan, move feeders that had a relatively high IRR in Phase-2 from Phase-2 to Phase-1;
b) For Dzongkhags with high electrification percentage at the end of Phase-1 in the original plan, move feeders that had a relatively low IRR in Phase-1 from Phase-1 to Phase-2; and
c) For Dzongkhags with a high electrification percentage at the end of Phase-1 in the original plan, for feeders of which branches are long, separate those into more than two feeders, and move sub-feeders that had a low IRR in Phase-1 from Phase-1 to Phase-2.
4) Every time a feeder was re-allocated to Phase-1 or Phase-2 in Step 2 or 3 above, check the balance of the electrification percentage in every Dzongkhag, and continue the work until the balance became more equitable.
Although the plan is prepared by phase and by Dzongkhags, when implementing the above procedure, it is important to note that some feeders pass through more than two Dzongkhags. In practical terms, firstly the source side of the feeder needs to be implemented in prior to the backward side of the same feeder. Secondly, it is necessary to separate the number of a
JICA, the Integrated Master Plan Study 16-2 October 2005 for Dzongkhag-wise Electrification in Bhutan Final Report Chapter 16 Optimized Dzongkhag-wise Rural Electrification Master Plan – The Result of the Master Plan
households connected to the feeder and the feeder length by Dzongkhag in order to calculate the Dzongkhag-wise construction cost and electrification percentage.
The number of feeders that will pass through more than two Dzonghags is eight (8), as shown in Table-16.2.1 below. .
Table-16.2.1 Feeder Length and Number of Household that pass through More Than Two Dzongkhags
Feeder HH Feeder Source Dzongkhag Extended Dzongkhag No. Feeder Name in 2007 Distance(m) Dzongkhag HH in 2007 Distance(m) Dzongkhag HH in 2007 Distance(m) Ha 170 20,851 1 MPB33F4-3 1797 134,879 Chukha 145 16,765 Samtse 1,482 97,263 2 MPC33F3-1 431 54,720 Dagana 338 38,273 Chukha 93 16,447 3 MPI33F1-1 1154 101,859 Pemgatsel 55 16,840 Mongar 1,099 85,019 4 MPI33F3-2 520 46,577 Pemgatsel 367 26,976 Mongar 153 19,601 Samdrup 5 MPK11F2-4 929 80,692 912 79,910 Trashigang 17 782 Jongkhar 6 MPM33F1-2 590 55,323 Sarpang 579 54,559 Dagana 11 764 7 MPR33F1-1 1251 70,144 Tsirang 907 39,505 Sarpang 344 30,639 8 MPR33F3-1 1691 107,719 Tsirang 845 54,983 Dagana 846 52,736 Prepared by JICA Study Team
16.2.2 Modification for the On-grid Optimization Based on the above method, optimization of on-grid planning was carried out. The feeders for which the implementation phase was modified are shown in Table-16.2.2.
Table-16.2.2 Feeders of which the Phase was Changed
Feeders changed implementation period from Phasse 1 to 2 Feeders changed implementation period from Phasse 2 to 1 HH Phase-1 Phase-2 HH Phase-1 Phase-2 Dzongkhag Feeder Name Dzongkhag Feeder Name in 2007 IRR IRR in 2007 IRR IRR Samdrup Jongkhar MPK11F2-3 8 13.1% 13.8% Bumthang MPA11F2-1 168 11.1% 13.9% Samdrup Jongkhar MPK11F2-4 929 12.2% 13.8% Dagana MPC33F2-1 865 6.3% 9.7% Trashigang MPO11F1-8 244 20.3% 22.0% Punakha MPJ33F1-2 26 8.7% 10.3% TrashiYangtse MPP33F1-1 346 12.3% 13.8% Punakha MPJ33F1-5 45 11.2% 12.6% Punakha MPJ33F1-6 12 8.3% 8.9% Punakha MPJ33F1-9 84 12.0% 13.3% Sarpang MPM33F1-2 590 10.3% 12.5% Zhemgang MPT33F3-1 628 12.3% 13.8% TOTAL 1,527 TOTAL 2,418 *