Modes of 'Different' Time in American Literature
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Stream of Consciousness: a Study of Selected Novels by James Joyce and Virginia Woolf
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Italian translations of English stream of consciousness: a study of selected novels by James Joyce and Virginia Woolf Giulia Totò PhD The University of Edinburgh 2014 Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis was composed by myself, that the work contained herein is my own except where explicitly stated otherwise in the text, and that this work has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification except as specified. Giulia Totò iii To little Emma and Lucio, for the immense joy they spread and the love they allow me to return. iv Acknowledgments I am pleased to take this opportunity to thank my supervisors Federica G. Pedriali and Yves Gambier for their guidance and, most of all, for their support and patience during these years. -
Glossary of Literary Terms
Glossary of Critical Terms for Prose Adapted from “LitWeb,” The Norton Introduction to Literature Study Space http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/litweb10/glossary/C.aspx Action Any event or series of events depicted in a literary work; an event may be verbal as well as physical, so that speaking or telling a story within the story may be an event. Allusion A brief, often implicit and indirect reference within a literary text to something outside the text, whether another text (e.g. the Bible, a myth, another literary work, a painting, or a piece of music) or any imaginary or historical person, place, or thing. Ambiguity When we are involved in interpretation—figuring out what different elements in a story “mean”—we are responding to a work’s ambiguity. This means that the work is open to several simultaneous interpretations. Language, especially when manipulated artistically, can communicate more than one meaning, encouraging our interpretations. Antagonist A character or a nonhuman force that opposes, or is in conflict with, the protagonist. Anticlimax An event or series of events usually at the end of a narrative that contrast with the tension building up before. Antihero A protagonist who is in one way or another the very opposite of a traditional hero. Instead of being courageous and determined, for instance, an antihero might be timid, hypersensitive, and indecisive to the point of paralysis. Antiheroes are especially common in modern literary works. Archetype A character, ritual, symbol, or plot pattern that recurs in the myth and literature of many cultures; examples include the scapegoat or trickster (character type), the rite of passage (ritual), and the quest or descent into the underworld (plot pattern). -
THE TRENDS of STREAM of CONSCIOUSNESS TECHNIQUE in WILLIAM FAULKNER S NOVEL the SOUND and the FURY'' Chitra Yashwant Ga
AMIERJ Volume–VII, Issues– VII ISSN–2278-5655 Oct - Nov 2018 THE TRENDS OF STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS TECHNIQUE IN WILLIAM FAULKNER S NOVEL THE SOUND AND THE FURY’’ Chitra Yashwant Gaidhani Assistant Professor in English, G. E. Society RNC Arts, JDB Commerce and NSC Science College, Nashik Road, Tal. & Dist. Nashik, Maharashtra, India. Abstract: The term "Stream-of-Consciousness" signifies to a technique of narration. Prior to the twentieth century. In this technique an author would simply tell the reader what one of the characters was thinking? Stream-of-consciousness is a technique whereby the author writes as though inside the minds of the characters. Since the ordinary person's mind jumps from one event to another, stream-of- consciousness tries to capture this phenomenon in William Faulkner’s novel The Sound and Fury. This style of narration is also associate with the Modern novelist and story writers of the 20th century. The Sound and the Fury is a broadly significant work of literature. William Faulkner use of this technique Sound and Fury is probably the most successful and outstanding use that we have had. Faulkner has been admired for his ability to recreate the thought process of the human mind. In addition, it is viewed as crucial development in the stream-of-consciousness literary technique. According encyclopedia, in 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Sound and the Fury sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. The present research focuses on stream of consciousness technique used by William Faulkner’s novel “The Sound and Fury”. -
Jane Austen's Powers of Consciousness Diane M
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 1-1-2003 Jane Austen's Powers of Consciousness Diane M. Counts Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Classics Commons, Literature in English, Anglophone outside British Isles and North America Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Counts, Diane M., "Jane Austen's Powers of Consciousness" (2003). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. Paper 550. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses, Dissertations and Capstones by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jane Austen’s Powers of Consciousness Thesis Submitted to The Graduate College of Marshall University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Humanities by Diane M. Counts Dr. Joyce E. East, Committee Chairperson Dr. Arline R. Thorn Dr. Reidun Ovrebo Dr. Barbara E. Ladner Marshall University April 2003 Abstract “Jane Austen’s Powers of Consciousness” By: Diane M. Counts This thesis incorporates information from recent biographies, feminist studies, and scholarly interpretations focusing on Jane Austen’s narrative strategies. Such incorporation of material provides a context for understanding the significance of Austen’s contributions to the novel form and illuminating the development of the female narrative voice. It focuses on Emma, Austen’s last novel published during her lifetime, as an exemplification of Austen’s enunciation of a feminine perspective of life and vocalization of a growing female self-awareness—her powers of consciousness—through Emma. -
Identity, Race and Gender in Toni Morrison's the Bluest
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE LETRAS Rosana Ruas Machado Gomes Identity, Race and Gender in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye Porto Alegre 1º Semestre 2016 Rosana Ruas Machado Gomes Identity, Race and Gender in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye Monografia apresentada ao Instituto de Letras da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul como requisito parcial para a conclusão do curso de Licenciatura em Letras – Língua Portuguesa e Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa, Língua Inglesa e Literaturas de Língua Inglesa. Orientadora: Profª Drª Marta Ramos Oliveira Porto Alegre 1º Semestre 2016 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In recognition of their endless encouragement and support, I would like to thank my family, friends and boyfriend. It was extremely nice of you to pretend I was not very annoying when talking constantly about this work. Thank you for listening to discoveries of amazing interviews with Toni Morrison, complaints about back pains caused by sitting and typing for too many hours in a row, and meltdowns about deadlines. I also thank you for simply being part of my life–you make all the difference because you make me happy and give me strength to go on. I would especially like to thank Mariana Petersen for somehow managing to be a friend and a mentor at the same time. You have helped me deal with academic doubts and bibliography sources, and I am not sure I would have been able to consider myself capable of studying literature if you had not showed up. Since North-American literature is now one of my passions, I am extremely grateful for your presence in my life. -
ELEMENTS of FICTION – NARRATOR / NARRATIVE VOICE Fundamental Literary Terms That Indentify Components of Narratives “Fiction
Dr. Hallett ELEMENTS OF FICTION – NARRATOR / NARRATIVE VOICE Fundamental Literary Terms that Indentify Components of Narratives “Fiction” is defined as any imaginative re-creation of life in prose narrative form. All fiction is a falsehood of sorts because it relates events that never actually happened to people (characters) who never existed, at least not in the manner portrayed in the stories. However, fiction writers aim at creating “legitimate untruths,” since they seek to demonstrate meaningful insights into the human condition. Therefore, fiction is “untrue” in the absolute sense, but true in the universal sense. Critical Thinking – analysis of any work of literature – requires a thorough investigation of the “who, where, when, what, why, etc.” of the work. Narrator / Narrative Voice Guiding Question: Who is telling the story? …What is the … Narrative Point of View is the perspective from which the events in the story are observed and recounted. To determine the point of view, identify who is telling the story, that is, the viewer through whose eyes the readers see the action (the narrator). Consider these aspects: A. Pronoun p-o-v: First (I, We)/Second (You)/Third Person narrator (He, She, It, They] B. Narrator’s degree of Omniscience [Full, Limited, Partial, None]* C. Narrator’s degree of Objectivity [Complete, None, Some (Editorial?), Ironic]* D. Narrator’s “Un/Reliability” * The Third Person (therefore, apparently Objective) Totally Omniscient (fly-on-the-wall) Narrator is the classic narrative point of view through which a disembodied narrative voice (not that of a participant in the events) knows everything (omniscient) recounts the events, introduces the characters, reports dialogue and thoughts, and all details. -
Stream of Consciousness Technique: Psychological Perspectives and Use in Modern Novel المنظور النفسي واستخدا
Stream of Consciousness Technique: Psychological Perspectives and Use in Modern Novel Weam Majeed Alkhafaji Sajedeh Asna'ashari University of Kufa, College of Education Candle & Fog Publishing Company Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Abstract Stream of Consciousness technique has a great impact on writing literary texts in the modern age. This technique was broadly used in the late of nineteen century as a result of thedecay of plot, especially in novel writing. Novelists began to use stream of consciousness technique as a new phenomenon, because it goes deeper into the human mind and soul through involving it in writing. Modern novel has changed after Victorian age from the traditional novel that considers themes of religion, culture, social matters, etc. to be a group of irregular events and thoughts interrogate or reveal the inner feeling of readers. This study simplifies stream of consciousness technique through clarifying the three levels of conscious (Consciousness, Precociousness and Unconsciousness)as well as the subconsciousness, based on Sigmund Freud theory. It also sheds a light on the relationship between stream of consciousness, interior monologue, soliloquy and collective unconscious. Finally, This paper explains the beneficial aspects of the stream of consciousness technique in our daily life. It shows how this technique can releaseour feelings and emotions, as well as free our mind from the pressure of thoughts that are upsetting our mind . Key words: Stream of Consciousness, Modern novel, Consciousness, Precociousness and Unconsciousness and subconsciousness. تقنية انسياب اﻻفكار : المنظور النفسي واستخدامه في الرواية الحديثة وئام مجيد الخفاجي ساجدة اثنى عشري جامعة الكوفة – كلية التربية – قسم اللغة اﻻنكليزية دار نشر كاندل وفوك الخﻻصة ان لتقنية انسياب اﻻفكار تأثير كبير على كتابة النصوص اﻻدبية في العصر الحديث. -
International Researcher Volume No.2 Issue No4. December 2013 INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONAL RESEARCHERSRESEARCHERS
International Researcher Volume No.2 Issue No4. December 2013 INTERNATIONALINTERNATIONAL RESEARCHERS RESEARCHERS Narratology of Symbolism Based On Stream Of Consciousness in V.Woolf's To the Lighthouse and Maroufy's Symphony of Dead Kiyan Pishkar and Nooshin Nasery Volume No.2 Issue No.4 December 2013 WWW.IRESEARCHER.ORGwww.iresearcher.org ISSN 227-7471 127 Page = www.iresearcher.org International Researcher Volume No.2 Issue No4. December 2013 THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL ―INTERNATIONAL RESEACHERS‖ www.iresearcher.org © 2013 (individual papers), the author(s) © 2013 (selection and editorial matter) This publication is subject to that author (s ) is (are) responsible for Plagiarism, the accuracy of citations, quotations, diagrams, tables and maps. All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the applicable copyright legislation, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the publisher. For permissions and other inquiries, please contact [email protected] INTERNATIONAL RESEARCHERS is peer-reviewed, supported by rigorous processes of criterion-referenced article ranking and qualitative commentary, ensuring that only intellectual work of the greatest substance and highest significance is published. INTERNATIONAL RESEARCHERS is indexed in wellknown indexing diectories with ICV value 5.90 and moniter by 128 Page www.iresearcher.org International Researcher Volume No.2 Issue No4. December 2013 Narratology of Symbolism Based On Stream Of Consciousness in V.Woolf's To the Lighthouse and Maroufy's Symphony of Dead Kiyan Pishkar1, Nooshin Nasery2 1PhD candidate of ELT and lecturer of Islamic Azad University, Jieroft Branch, I.R. -
Storylines Midwest Toni Morrison Was Born Chloe Anthony Wofford by Slaves Escaping the South in the Mid-19Th- Discussion Guide No
Beloved by Toni Morrison About the author The Midwest was seen as a “zone of freedom” StoryLines Midwest Toni Morrison was born Chloe Anthony Wofford by slaves escaping the South in the mid-19th- Discussion Guide No. 3 in Lorain, Ohio, in 1931. A voracious reader as a century. How do you think the Midwest is seen child, Morrison took degrees from Howard today by those outside it? by David Long University and Cornell and began a distinguished StoryLines Midwest teaching career that led her from Texas Southern What happens to a culture when the continuity Literature Consultant University to Yale, Bard, and Princeton. For many of family life is broken or denied? Are there areas years, until 1987, Morrison worked as a senior of the Midwest where the continuity of culture editor at Random House. In addition to the Nobel is being broken today? Or where it is not being Prize (1993) and Pulitzer (1998), Morrison has broken or has evolved? received a variety of other literary awards, including the National Book Critics Circle Award. Additional readings Toni Morrison. The Bluest Eye, 1969. Discussion questions Sula, 1973. In Black Women Writers at Work, Toni Morrison The Song of Solomon, 1977. says: “I am from the Midwest so I have a special Tar Baby, 1981. affection for it. My beginnings are always Jazz, 1992. there. .No matter what I write, I begin there. Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the It’s the matrix for me.” How does the novel’s Literary Imagination, 1992. setting—both in place and time—affect its Paradise, 1998. -
Stream-Of-Consciousness Techniques
Stream-of-consciousness techniques • Representation of Consciousness • Rather more intricate than representations of speech in direct or indirect mode are representations of thought, which can be conceptualised as a kind of silent speech or inner speech. Obviously, it is possible simply to represent thought, just like speech, using direct or indirect discourse: • "What horrible weather they have here," he thought. (direct discourse ) • He thought that the weather in these parts was really horrible. ( indirect discourse ) Stream-of-consciousness techniques • Free indirect speech is a style of third- person narration which combines some of the characteristics of third-person report with first-person direct speech. (It is also referred to as free indirect discourse , free indirect style Stream-of-consciousness techniques • Comparison of styles • What distinguishes free indirect speech from normal indirect speech, is the lack of an introductory expression such as "He said" or "he thought". It is as if the subordinate clause carrying the content of the indirect speech is taken out of the main clause which contains it, becoming the main clause itself. Using free indirect speech may convey the character's words more directly than in normal indirect, as he can use devices such as interjections and exclamation marks, that cannot be normally used within a subordinate clause. Stream-of-consciousness techniques • Examples – Direct speech : • He laid down his bundle and thought of his misfortune. "And just what pleasure have I found, since I came into this world?" he asked. – Indirect speech : • He laid down his bundle and thought of his misfortune. He asked himself what pleasure he had found since he came into the world. -
Building in Toni Morrison's Paradise1
THE RELIGIOUS OVERTONES OF ETHNIC IDENTITY- BUILDING IN TONI MORRISON'S PARADISE1 Ana Mª Fraile Marcos Universidad de Salamanca This article approaches the study of Toni Morrison's latest novel, Paradise (1998), as an illustration of the process of (African) American identity-formation. The two communities that Morrison contraposes in the novel may be seen as representative of two different trends in America's construction of national identity: assimilation and homogenization, on the one hand, or interactive difference, on the other. Whereas Ruby emerges as a proud and paradisiacal African American town which gradually falls prey to its Manichean view of the world, the Convent is eventually presented as an alternative open community. Thus, Ruby functions as a mirror to American history. By adopting the American creeds and religious typology present in the Puritan origins of the United States, the community of Ruby reproduces the exclusionist, discriminatory, isolationist, hegemonic and violent character of American society as well as the tensions within it. The Convent, on the other hand, evolves towards the creation of a spiritual paradise based on the fluid hybridization of opposites. The issues of race and gender appear to be central to the construction of both communities, although it is religion, and particularly the adoption of the American jeremiad and the myth of the City upon a Hill, what provides the structural and thematic pattern for the novel. The following article attempts a close reading of Toni Morrison's Paradise (1998) based on the assumption that the novel offers a critique of the traditional American paradigm of nationhood and identity formation with roots in Puritanism. -
Turbulent Flow: a Computational Model of World Literature
Modern Language Quarterly Turbulent Flow: A Computational Model of World Literature Hoyt Long and Richard Jean So Abstract This article uses computational modeling and large-scale pattern detection to develop a theory of global textual transmission as a process of turbulent flow. Specifically, it models stream-of-consciousness narration as a discrete set of linguistic features and rhetorical ele- ments and uses this model to track the movement of this modernist technique across generic boundaries (from anglophone modernism to more popular genres) and linguistic ones (from English to Japanese). Oscillating between statistical models and moments of close reading, the article shows how a quantitatively scaled-up approach, rather than reinforcing an image of global textual flows as singular and monolithic, illuminates world literature as a system constituted by patterns of divergence in structure and of difference in sameness. Keywords world literature, computational modeling, modernism, Japan, stream of consciousness “ t is no surprise,” writes Franco Moretti (1996: 124), “that the stream of I consciousness should be the most famous technique of the twentieth century: in view of what it has done, it fully deserves to be.” Volumes of criticism on stream of consciousness (SOC) attest that it has indeed done many things, not the least of which is travel the world. Moretti him- self counts “two basic ‘strains,’ and...adozen variants,” many generated from “the morphological explosion of the twenties” that spread across Europe and America (177, 178). By the late 1920s it had reached Japan; by the 1950s, Latin America. SOC is an ideal object for studies of world literature.