K2375: Using the Netstat Command to Identify Which Ports a Process Uses
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1 A) Login to the System B) Use the Appropriate Command to Determine Your Login Shell C) Use the /Etc/Passwd File to Verify the Result of Step B
CSE ([email protected] II-Sem) EXP-3 1 a) Login to the system b) Use the appropriate command to determine your login shell c) Use the /etc/passwd file to verify the result of step b. d) Use the ‘who’ command and redirect the result to a file called myfile1. Use the more command to see the contents of myfile1. e) Use the date and who commands in sequence (in one line) such that the output of date will display on the screen and the output of who will be redirected to a file called myfile2. Use the more command to check the contents of myfile2. 2 a) Write a “sed” command that deletes the first character in each line in a file. b) Write a “sed” command that deletes the character before the last character in each line in a file. c) Write a “sed” command that swaps the first and second words in each line in a file. a. Log into the system When we return on the system one screen will appear. In this we have to type 100.0.0.9 then we enter into editor. It asks our details such as Login : krishnasai password: Then we get log into the commands. bphanikrishna.wordpress.com FOSS-LAB Page 1 of 10 CSE ([email protected] II-Sem) EXP-3 b. use the appropriate command to determine your login shell Syntax: $ echo $SHELL Output: $ echo $SHELL /bin/bash Description:- What is "the shell"? Shell is a program that takes your commands from the keyboard and gives them to the operating system to perform. -
Bid Check Report * * * Time: 14:04
DOT_RGGB01 WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DATE: 05/28/2013 * * * BID CHECK REPORT * * * TIME: 14:04 PS &E JOB NO : 11W101 REVISION NO : BIDS OPENED ON : Jun 26 2013 CONTRACT NO : 008498 REGION NO : 9 AWARDED ON : Jul 1 2013 VERSION NO : 2 WORK ORDER# : XL4078 ------- LOW BIDDER ------- ------- 2ND BIDDER ------- ------- 3RD BIDDER ------- HWY : SR 104 TITLE : SR104 ORION MARINE CONTRACTORS, INC. BLACKWATER MARINE, LLC QUIGG BROS., INC. KINGSTON TML SLIPS 1112 E ALEXANDER AVE 12019 76TH PLACE NE 819 W STATE ST DOLPHIN PRESERVATION - PHASE 4 98520-5934 11W101 PROJECT : NH-2013(079) TACOMA WA 984214102 KIRKLAND WA 980342437 ABERDEEN WA 985200281 COUNTY(S) : KITSAP CONTRACTOR NUMBER : 100767 CONTRACTOR NUMBER : 100874 CONTRACTOR NUMBER : 680000 ENGR'S. EST. ITEM ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT PRICE PER UNIT/ PRICE PER UNIT/ % DIFF./ PRICE PER UNIT/ % DIFF./ PRICE PER UNIT/ % DIFF./ NO. EST. QUANTITY MEAS TOTAL AMOUNT TOTAL AMOUNT AMT.DIFF. TOTAL AMOUNT AMT.DIFF. TOTAL AMOUNT AMT.DIFF. PREPARATION 1 MOBILIZATION L.S. -25.20 % -25.48 % 40.00 % 25,000.00 18,700.00 -6,300.00 18,630.00 -6,370.00 35,000.00 10,000.00 2 REMOVAL OF STRUCTURE AND OBSTRUCTION L.S. -56.10 % -65.08 % -56.71 % 115,500.00 50,700.00 -64,800.00 40,338.00 -75,162.00 50,000.00 -65,500.00 3 DISPOSAL OF CREOSOTED MATERIAL L.S. -21.05 % -8.99 % -15.79 % 47,500.00 37,500.00 -10,000.00 43,228.35 -4,271.65 40,000.00 -7,500.00 STRUCTURE 4 STRUCTURAL LOW ALLOY STEEL - DOLPHINS L.S. -
Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet
Windows Command Prompt Cheatsheet - Command line interface (as opposed to a GUI - graphical user interface) - Used to execute programs - Commands are small programs that do something useful - There are many commands already included with Windows, but we will use a few. - A filepath is where you are in the filesystem • C: is the C drive • C:\user\Documents is the Documents folder • C:\user\Documents\hello.c is a file in the Documents folder Command What it Does Usage dir Displays a list of a folder’s files dir (shows current folder) and subfolders dir myfolder cd Displays the name of the current cd filepath chdir directory or changes the current chdir filepath folder. cd .. (goes one directory up) md Creates a folder (directory) md folder-name mkdir mkdir folder-name rm Deletes a folder (directory) rm folder-name rmdir rmdir folder-name rm /s folder-name rmdir /s folder-name Note: if the folder isn’t empty, you must add the /s. copy Copies a file from one location to copy filepath-from filepath-to another move Moves file from one folder to move folder1\file.txt folder2\ another ren Changes the name of a file ren file1 file2 rename del Deletes one or more files del filename exit Exits batch script or current exit command control echo Used to display a message or to echo message turn off/on messages in batch scripts type Displays contents of a text file type myfile.txt fc Compares two files and displays fc file1 file2 the difference between them cls Clears the screen cls help Provides more details about help (lists all commands) DOS/Command Prompt help command commands Source: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc754340.aspx. -
Humidity Definitions
ROTRONIC TECHNICAL NOTE Humidity Definitions 1 Relative humidity Table of Contents Relative humidity is the ratio of two pressures: %RH = 100 x p/ps where p is 1 Relative humidity the actual partial pressure of the water vapor present in the ambient and ps 2 Dew point / Frost the saturation pressure of water at the temperature of the ambient. point temperature Relative humidity sensors are usually calibrated at normal room temper - 3 Wet bulb ature (above freezing). Consequently, it generally accepted that this type of sensor indicates relative humidity with respect to water at all temperatures temperature (including below freezing). 4 Vapor concentration Ice produces a lower vapor pressure than liquid water. Therefore, when 5 Specific humidity ice is present, saturation occurs at a relative humidity of less than 100 %. 6 Enthalpy For instance, a humidity reading of 75 %RH at a temperature of -30°C corre - 7 Mixing ratio sponds to saturation above ice. by weight 2 Dew point / Frost point temperature The dew point temperature of moist air at the temperature T, pressure P b and mixing ratio r is the temperature to which air must be cooled in order to be saturated with respect to water (liquid). The frost point temperature of moist air at temperature T, pressure P b and mixing ratio r is the temperature to which air must be cooled in order to be saturated with respect to ice. Magnus Formula for dew point (over water): Td = (243.12 x ln (pw/611.2)) / (17.62 - ln (pw/611.2)) Frost point (over ice): Tf = (272.62 x ln (pi/611.2)) / (22.46 - -
GNU Grep: Print Lines That Match Patterns Version 3.7, 8 August 2021
GNU Grep: Print lines that match patterns version 3.7, 8 August 2021 Alain Magloire et al. This manual is for grep, a pattern matching engine. Copyright c 1999{2002, 2005, 2008{2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled \GNU Free Documentation License". i Table of Contents 1 Introduction ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 2 Invoking grep :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2.1 Command-line Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2.1.1 Generic Program Information :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2.1.2 Matching Control :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2 2.1.3 General Output Control ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3 2.1.4 Output Line Prefix Control :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5 2.1.5 Context Line Control :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 6 2.1.6 File and Directory Selection:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 7 2.1.7 Other Options ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 2.2 Environment Variables:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9 2.3 Exit Status :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 12 2.4 grep Programs :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 13 3 Regular Expressions ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 14 3.1 Fundamental Structure :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -
Don't Trust Traceroute (Completely)
Don’t Trust Traceroute (Completely) Pietro Marchetta, Valerio Persico, Ethan Katz-Bassett Antonio Pescapé University of Southern California, CA, USA University of Napoli Federico II, Italy [email protected] {pietro.marchetta,valerio.persico,pescape}@unina.it ABSTRACT In this work, we propose a methodology based on the alias resolu- tion process to demonstrate that the IP level view of the route pro- vided by traceroute may be a poor representation of the real router- level route followed by the traffic. More precisely, we show how the traceroute output can lead one to (i) inaccurately reconstruct the route by overestimating the load balancers along the paths toward the destination and (ii) erroneously infer routing changes. Categories and Subject Descriptors C.2.1 [Computer-communication networks]: Network Architec- ture and Design—Network topology (a) Traceroute reports two addresses at the 8-th hop. The common interpretation is that the 7-th hop is splitting the traffic along two Keywords different forwarding paths (case 1); another explanation is that the 8- th hop is an RFC compliant router using multiple interfaces to reply Internet topology; Traceroute; IP alias resolution; IP to Router to the source (case 2). mapping 1 1. INTRODUCTION 0.8 Operators and researchers rely on traceroute to measure routes and they assume that, if traceroute returns different IPs at a given 0.6 hop, it indicates different paths. However, this is not always the case. Although state-of-the-art implementations of traceroute al- 0.4 low to trace all the paths -
Chapter 19 RECOVERING DIGITAL EVIDENCE from LINUX SYSTEMS
Chapter 19 RECOVERING DIGITAL EVIDENCE FROM LINUX SYSTEMS Philip Craiger Abstract As Linux-kernel-based operating systems proliferate there will be an in evitable increase in Linux systems that law enforcement agents must process in criminal investigations. The skills and expertise required to recover evidence from Microsoft-Windows-based systems do not neces sarily translate to Linux systems. This paper discusses digital forensic procedures for recovering evidence from Linux systems. In particular, it presents methods for identifying and recovering deleted files from disk and volatile memory, identifying notable and Trojan files, finding hidden files, and finding files with renamed extensions. All the procedures are accomplished using Linux command line utilities and require no special or commercial tools. Keywords: Digital evidence, Linux system forensics !• Introduction Linux systems will be increasingly encountered at crime scenes as Linux increases in popularity, particularly as the OS of choice for servers. The skills and expertise required to recover evidence from a Microsoft- Windows-based system, however, do not necessarily translate to the same tasks on a Linux system. For instance, the Microsoft NTFS, FAT, and Linux EXT2/3 file systems work differently enough that under standing one tells httle about how the other functions. In this paper we demonstrate digital forensics procedures for Linux systems using Linux command line utilities. The ability to gather evidence from a running system is particularly important as evidence in RAM may be lost if a forensics first responder does not prioritize the collection of live evidence. The forensic procedures discussed include methods for identifying and recovering deleted files from RAM and magnetic media, identifying no- 234 ADVANCES IN DIGITAL FORENSICS tables files and Trojans, and finding hidden files and renamed files (files with renamed extensions. -
“Linux at the Command Line” Don Johnson of BU IS&T We’Ll Start with a Sign in Sheet
“Linux at the Command Line” Don Johnson of BU IS&T We’ll start with a sign in sheet. We’ll end with a class evaluation. We’ll cover as much as we can in the time allowed; if we don’t cover everything, you’ll pick it up as you continue working with Linux. This is a hands-on, lab class; ask questions at any time. Commands for you to type are in BOLD The Most Common O/S Used By BU Researchers When Working on a Server or Computer Cluster Linux is a Unix clone begun in 1991 and written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net. 64% of the world’s servers run some variant of Unix or Linux. The Android phone and the Kindle run Linux. a set of small Linux is an O/S core programs written by written by Linus Richard Stallman and Torvalds and others others. They are the AND GNU utilities. http://www.gnu.org/ Network: ssh, scp Shells: BASH, TCSH, clear, history, chsh, echo, set, setenv, xargs System Information: w, whoami, man, info, which, free, echo, date, cal, df, free Command Information: man, info Symbols: |, >, >>, <, ;, ~, ., .. Filters: grep, egrep, more, less, head, tail Hotkeys: <ctrl><c>, <ctrl><d> File System: ls, mkdir, cd, pwd, mv, touch, file, find, diff, cmp, du, chmod, find File Editors: gedit, nedit You need a “xterm” emulation – software that emulates an “X” terminal and that connects using the “SSH” Secure Shell protocol. ◦ Windows Use StarNet “X-Win32:” http://www.bu.edu/tech/support/desktop/ distribution/xwindows/xwin32/ ◦ Mac OS X “Terminal” is already installed Why? Darwin, the system on which Apple's Mac OS X is built, is a derivative of 4.4BSD-Lite2 and FreeBSD. -
Your Performance Task Summary Explanation
Lab Report: 11.2.5 Manage Files Your Performance Your Score: 0 of 3 (0%) Pass Status: Not Passed Elapsed Time: 6 seconds Required Score: 100% Task Summary Actions you were required to perform: In Compress the D:\Graphics folderHide Details Set the Compressed attribute Apply the changes to all folders and files In Hide the D:\Finances folder In Set Read-only on filesHide Details Set read-only on 2017report.xlsx Set read-only on 2018report.xlsx Do not set read-only for the 2019report.xlsx file Explanation In this lab, your task is to complete the following: Compress the D:\Graphics folder and all of its contents. Hide the D:\Finances folder. Make the following files Read-only: D:\Finances\2017report.xlsx D:\Finances\2018report.xlsx Complete this lab as follows: 1. Compress a folder as follows: a. From the taskbar, open File Explorer. b. Maximize the window for easier viewing. c. In the left pane, expand This PC. d. Select Data (D:). e. Right-click Graphics and select Properties. f. On the General tab, select Advanced. g. Select Compress contents to save disk space. h. Click OK. i. Click OK. j. Make sure Apply changes to this folder, subfolders and files is selected. k. Click OK. 2. Hide a folder as follows: a. Right-click Finances and select Properties. b. Select Hidden. c. Click OK. 3. Set files to Read-only as follows: a. Double-click Finances to view its contents. b. Right-click 2017report.xlsx and select Properties. c. Select Read-only. d. Click OK. e. -
System Planner
System Planner ACE3600 RTU ab 6802979C45-D Draft 2 Copyright © 2009 Motorola All Rights Reserved March 2009 DISCLAIMER NOTE The information within this document has been carefully checked and is believed to be entirely reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for any inaccuracies. Furthermore Motorola reserves the right to make changes to any product herein to improve reliability, function, or design. Motorola does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product, recommendation, or circuit described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent or right of others. All information resident in this document is considered copyrighted. COMPUTER SOFTWARE COPYRIGHTS The Motorola products described in this Product Planner include copyrighted Motorola software stored in semiconductor memories and other media. Laws in the United States and foreign countries preserve for Motorola certain exclusive rights for copyrighted computer programs, including the exclusive right to copy or reproduce in any form the copyrighted computer program. Accordingly, any copyrighted Motorola computer programs contained in Motorola products described in this Product Planner may not be copied or reproduced in any manner without written permission from Motorola, Inc. Furthermore, the purchase of Motorola products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license under the copyright, patents, or patent applications of Motorola, except for the normal non-exclusive, royalty free license to use that arises by operation in law of the sale of a product. TRADEMARKS MOTOROLA and the Stylized M Logo are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. -
Forest Quickstart Guide for Linguists
Forest Quickstart Guide for Linguists Guido Vanden Wyngaerd [email protected] June 28, 2020 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Loading Forest 2 3 Basic Usage 2 4 Adjusting node spacing 4 5 Triangles 7 6 Unlabelled nodes 9 7 Horizontal alignment of terminals 10 8 Arrows 11 9 Highlighting 14 1 Introduction Forest is a package for drawing linguistic (and other) tree diagrams de- veloped by Sašo Živanović. This manual provides a quickstart guide for linguists with just the essential things that you need to get started. More 1 extensive documentation is available from the CTAN-archive. Forest is based on the TikZ package; more information about its commands, in par- ticular those controlling the appearance of the nodes, the arrows, and the highlighting can be found in the TikZ documentation. 2 Loading Forest In your preamble, put \usepackage[linguistics]{forest} The linguistics option makes for nice trees, in which the branches meet above the two nodes that they join; it will also align the example number (provided by linguex) with the top of the tree: (1) CP C IP I VP V NP 3 Basic Usage Forest uses a familiar labelled brackets syntax. The code below will out- put the tree in (1) above (\ex. requires the linguex package and provides the example number): \ex. \begin{forest} [CP[C][IP[I][VP[V][NP]]]] \end{forest} Forest will parse the above code without problem, but you are likely to soon get lost in your labelled brackets with more complicated trees if you write the code this way. The better alternative is to arrange the nodes over multiple lines: 2 \ex. -
NETSTAT Command
NETSTAT Command | NETSTAT Command | Use the NETSTAT command to display network status of the local host. | | ┌┐────────────── | 55──NETSTAT─────6─┤ Option ├─┴──┬────────────────────────────────── ┬ ─ ─ ─ ────────────────────────────────────────5% | │┌┐───────────────────── │ | └─(──SELect───6─┤ Select_String ├─┴ ─ ┘ | Option: | ┌┐─COnn────── (1, 2) ──────────────── | ├──┼─────────────────────────── ┼ ─ ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ | ├─ALL───(2)──────────────────── ┤ | ├─ALLConn─────(1, 2) ────────────── ┤ | ├─ARp ipaddress───────────── ┤ | ├─CLients─────────────────── ┤ | ├─DEvlinks────────────────── ┤ | ├─Gate───(3)─────────────────── ┤ | ├─┬─Help─ ┬─ ───────────────── ┤ | │└┘─?──── │ | ├─HOme────────────────────── ┤ | │┌┐─2ð────── │ | ├─Interval─────(1, 2) ─┼───────── ┼─ ┤ | │└┘─seconds─ │ | ├─LEVel───────────────────── ┤ | ├─POOLsize────────────────── ┤ | ├─SOCKets─────────────────── ┤ | ├─TCp serverid───(1) ─────────── ┤ | ├─TELnet───(4)───────────────── ┤ | ├─Up──────────────────────── ┤ | └┘─┤ Command ├───(5)──────────── | Command: | ├──┬─CP cp_command───(6) ─ ┬ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ | ├─DELarp ipaddress─ ┤ | ├─DRop conn_num──── ┤ | └─RESETPool──────── ┘ | Select_String: | ├─ ─┬─ipaddress────(3) ┬ ─ ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ | ├─ldev_num─────(4) ┤ | └─userid────(2) ─── ┘ | Notes: | 1 Only ALLCON, CONN and TCP are valid with INTERVAL. | 2 The userid