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En Bref | Délégués Du Préfet : Les Relais De L'état Dans Les Quartiers

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En Bref | Délégués Du Préfet : Les Relais De L'état Dans Les Quartiers En bref MID-SIZED CITIES IN FRANCE: VULNERABILITY, POTENTIAL AND TERRITORIAL CONFIGURATIONS Mid-sized cities have long been regarded as A STRONG CONNECTING fundamental building blocks in the French urban FEATURE OF FRENCH December 2017 framework, playing a part in national cohesion. TERRITORY #45 The work conducted by the General Commission In turn trading posts or religious stopovers, prefectures or subprefectures and participants in for Territorial Equality (CGET) confirms that they the post-war boom years, mid-sized cities criss- carry out their centrality roles by accommodating cross French territory in an interlinking network. At activities and employment, health facilities and European level, through the "Town" project initiated in 1 educational institutions, sports and cultural 2013, ESPON has recognised the role that Europe's small and medium-sized towns play in the day-to- amenities and heritage sites for example. These day lives of citizens and businesses alike2. 46.3% of 1 European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion. cities are also links, connecting different territories the population considered by this study lived in the ESPON was set up by the European together. But they do not form a uniform whole for largest cities, 6.7% in mid-sized cities and 14.9% in spatial planning ministers back in the small towns. In its study on territorial development 1990s as a research network aimed at all that - not by a long way. Some present solid monitoring European Union territory. in Europe towards 2050, published in 2015, ESPON trajectories, others are more vulnerable. Mid- 2 ESPON. Town: small and medium points out, incidentally, that, of the three scenarios sized towns in their functional territorial sized cities also reveal a diversity of geographic considered, the two based particularly on mid-sized context. Final report. November 2014, read about the study at https:// situations and territorial configurations which cities enable the relative development disparity gaps www.espon.eu/programme/projects/ between European regions to be reduced, all the espon-2013/applied-research/town- influence their development in different ways. %E2%80%93-small-and-medium- while ensuring similar average growth. sized-towns. In 2013, around 15.6 million people lived in France's Mid-sized cities are still carrying out centrality roles. En bref #45 En bref 203 mid-sized cities, which is almost 23% of the Accordingly, they are home to a quarter of jobs, a population. Three-quarters of them are located in third of health facilities, a quarter of higher secondary urban areas which had seen their populations grow schools, a quarter of student numbers and provide between 2008 and 2013. Over the same period, the over 80% of the residents of their living territories3, population of most central municipalities (62%) fell with access to 12 mid-range facilities in 15 minutes in comparison. It should be noted that these figures or less4. cover very diverse situations, however. Mid-sized cities, whose central municipality and urban area WEAK FACTORS IN SOME are experiencing demographic growth, are greater MID-SIZED CITIES in number than those whose central municipality is THE RISKS OF INDUSTRIAL AND declining and urban area growing. ADMINISTRATIVE SPECIALISATION As is the case France-wide, the main activity sectors of mid-sized cities concern trade, transport and Number of Proportion of Examples miscellaneous services, then public administration, mid-sized cities mid-sized cities of cities education, health and social action. That said, in Central municipality Draguignan on the rise Urban area on the rise 71 35% Lannion almost half of mid-sized cities, the proportion of Haguenau industrial establishments exceeds the national aver- Stable urban area 2 1% Saint-Paul age (5.3% in France). This over-representation shows Forbach Declining urban area 2 1% Sallanches that a large number of mid-sized cities, which went Stable central Beaucaire down the industrial road from the late 19th century or municipality Urban area on the rise 2 1% Mulhouse during the industrial decentralisation of the 1960s, Declining central Bastia municipality Urban area on the rise 65 32% Saint-Omer have maintained sector-specific specialisation. This Vendôme characteristic has been highlighted as a weakness Stable urban area 10 5% Soissons by several authors5 who believe that these industrial Bar-le-Duc Declining urban area 51 25% Morlaix establishments are positioned on low value-added activity sectors. PENSIONERS BUT FEW EXECUTIVES Analysis of the population aged 15 years and over, DEFINING MID-SIZED CITIES according to socio-professional categories, reveals two features specific to mid-sized cities: a high proportion of pensioners and lower proportion of executives and higher intellectual professions (29.4% and 6.2% respectively versus 26.6% and 9% in France, in 2013). The proportion of pensioners accounts for more than a third of the population in nearly a third of mid-sized cities, most of which are located in coastal areas (Berck, Dinan, Fréjus, Granville, Lannion, Les Sables d’Olonne, Royan, Saint-Malo, Sète) or the centre of France (Châtellerault, Vendôme, Vierzon, Montluçon, Le Creusot, Montceau-les-Mines, Roanne, 3 Delimitation of living territories 7 A "large urban area" is a group divides up living zones with over of touching municipalities, 50,000 inhabitants around service without pockets of clear land, centres to take better account of the encompassing an "urban centre" diversity of quality of life within the (urban unit) providing at least most urbanised territories. As such, 10,000 jobs, and a periurban there are 2,677 living territories in periphery composed of rural mainland France, with living zones municipalities or urban units in of fewer than 50,000 inhabitants which at least 40% of the employed having retained this designation. resident population works in the centre or in the municipalities 4 The CGET has adopted a definition taken notion of mid-sized city: size and centrality This statistic is not available for attracted by this centre. Mamoudzou (Mayotte). from a statistical cross-linking exercise, roles. 8 22 urban areas whose centre is based on the following criteria: 5 Acadie. Les villes moyennes, a metropolis in the institutional • urban units6 with more than 20,000 In the six départements that do not have an enjeux d’action publique. Study meaning of the term (perimeters inhabitants (2013 population); urban area with more than 20,000 residents, carried out for the Delegation for on 1 January 2017, General • of the "large urban centre" type according those urban units whose central municipality Territorial Planning and Regional Directorate for Local Authorities/ to Insee's urban area delimitation7; is the département's capital have been Action (Datar). 2005. DGCL), i.e. 18 metropolises and 4 urban communities or urban • not included in one of the 22 urban considered. 6 areas encompassing the institutional An urban unit is a municipality or area communities in the process 8 group of municipalities presenting of becoming a metropolis, whilst metropolises . In this way we end up with 203 mid-sized a continuous built area (no retaining the same municipal cities, including 191 in Mainland France interruption of more than 200m compositions. These three conditions enable cross-linking and 12 in the French Overseas Régions between two buildings) and with at of the two main factors underpinning the and Départements. least 2,000 inhabitants. General Commission for Territorial Equality En bref #45 En bref En détail In the first quarter of 2018, in the En détail collection, read about a study on mid-sized cities. This publication gives a comparative insight into the CGET's expertise and the studies by young scientists across a range of subject areas which are helping to shed light on the challenges of spatial planning. Order online 1ST QUARTER 2018 La Documentation française http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr or from our bookshop General Commission for Territorial Equality WEAKNESSES AND TERRITORIAL SYSTEMS IN 203 MID-SIZED CITIES En bref #45 En bref Dunkerque Armentières Calais Douai-lens Saint-Om. Valenciennes Boulogne-sur-m. Hazebr. LILLE St-Amand-les-E. Béthune MINISTÈRE Berck DE LA COHÉSION DES TERRITOIRES Arras Maubeuge Abbeville Cambrai Eu Dieppe Amiens St-Qu. Charleville-M. Cherbourg-en-C. Le Havre ROUEN Sedan Lilleb. Laon Longwy Beauv. Comp. Dives- Pt-Aud. Soiss. Thionville Sarrebruck s/m. Louviers Creil Reims St-Lô Caen Lisieux Verdun St-Av. Sarreguemines Vernon Chât. Épernay METZ Évreux Thierry Lannion Granville Châlons- Pont-à-M. Haguenau Flers en-Ch. Bar-le-D. Morlaix Guing. St-Malo Dreux PARIS Toul St-Dizier LunévilleSTRASBOURG Dinan BREST St-Brieuc Alençon NANCY Fougères Chartres St-Dié- Troyes Épinal des-V. Quimper Laval Sens Chaumont Colmar RENNES Le Mans Remir. Lorient Montargis Thann - Vann. Vendôme ORLÉANS Auxerre Cer. Mulhouse Auray Redon Bâle - Blois Vesoul Belfort St-Louis Cayenne Angers St-Nazaire TOURS DIJON Montbéliard BÂLE Besançon NANTES Saumur Vierzon Cholet Bourges Beaune Dole Challans Nevers Pontarlier Châtellerault Châteauroux Le Creus.Chalon La Roche-sur-Y. -sur S. Lons-le-S. Poitiers Montceau-les-m. GENÈVE St-Denis Les Sables- Moulins Genève - d'Ol. St-Paul St-André Niort Montluçon Mâcon Anne. Thonon-les-b. La Rochelle Oyonnax Guéret Vichy Bourg-en-Br. Cluses Rochefort Roanne St-Louis Sallanches St-Pierre Saintes Limoges CLERMONT- LYON Annecy Royan Cogn. Angoulême FERRAND Montbr. Albertville Vienne Chambéry ST-ÉTIENNE Pointe-à-Pitre Périgueux Tulle Annonay - Les Ab. Brive-la-G. Tournon-sur-Rh.GRENOBLE Libourne Le Puy-en-V. Romans-sur-Is. Basse-T. Bergerac Aurillac Valence BORDEAUX Privas La Teste-de-B. Marmande Aubenas Gap Cahors Mende Montélimar - Arcachon Villen.-sur-L. Rodez Agen Alès Bagnols Fort-de-Fr. Castelsarr. Avignon Digne-les-B. Montauban Le Lam. Mt-de-M. Albi Nîmes NICE Menton - Dax MONTPELLIER Beauc. Manosque MonacoMonaco Le Robert Auch Lunel Salon-de-Pr.
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