May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13447 States on the 20th of January, 1969, black Finch, now Secretary of Health, Education for administration in the Department of voters throughout the nation resignedly as­ and Welfare but then lieutenant governor of Health, Education and Welfare, marked sumed a "wait and see" attitude. Since less California and one of Mr. Nixon's closest Mr. Nixon's first breakthrough to a na­ than ten per cent of the Negro vote had gone advisors. In an interview with United Press tionally known black leader. And Farmer's to Nixon, blacks were pessimistic about the International, Finch said that the Nixon ad­ statement about his acceptance should give attitude the White House would take toward ministration could bring "a new kind of can­ other black leaders thought if they should the black man. dor and realism" to the drive for racial equal­ also be approached for meaningful appoint­ Knowing that they had asked for, and got, ity because the administration owes no polit­ ments. Admitting that some might have rewards for electing the late John Fitzgerald ical debts to the ''black establishment." Finch reason to protest some things that he might Kennedy and supporting his succesor, Lyn­ said that the administration would design do, he added, "But there also is a great need don B. Johnson, they feared that President practical programs to give both black and for some people to get on the inside and try Nixon, owing them nothing politically, would white youths "the same chance at the start­ to have some influence." slow down the progress of the black ma.n and, ing line" and th.81t guaranteeing Negroes equal Nixon early made history by appointing perhaps, even turn back the pages of civil opportuni.ties with whites is "chiefly a mat­ California's James Johnson as the first black rights, particularly in desegregation of ter of education." Finch also said that minor­ man ever to serve as a U.S. Civil Service Southern schools. ity militants would have very little influence commissioner. Johnson is a Republican from Accustomed to the extremely partisan, on the Nixon administration. "I find," said California and formerly served as director of dog-eat-dog politics of most local scenes, Finch, "that many of these so-called mili­ the State Dept. of Veterans Affairs under blacks expected punishment. Some of the tants have a very narrow constituency. I Gov. Ronald Reagan. But Farmer earned his more militant blacks, many of whom had hope that our programs can be geared to the first Republican support when he ran for urged Negroes to stay away from the polls, responsible members of these minority com­ Congress in Brooklyn on the liberal ticket hoped for indications on punishment. They munities." with Republican backing and lost to Demo­ know that a federal slow down on civil rights Shortly after Mr. Finch's UPI interview and crat Shirley Chisholm. will help solidify blacks on a more mllitant a week before the Inauguration, Mr. Nixon Nixon has appointed two assistant sec­ basis. invited six black leaders to meet with him retaries in the Department of Housing and FORWARD TOGETHER in New York City. They were SCLC President Urban Development, Samuel C. Jackson and Early in his inaugural address, President Ralph Abernathy, Ebony Publisher John H. Samuel J. Simmons. Both meaningful ap­ Nixon talked about the proud achievements Johnson, Afro-American Publisher John pointments, that of Jackson has been given of this nation in the "second third of this Murphy, National Baptist Convention Vice special weight because it has been indicated century." He talked about the enormous President Rev. Sandy Ray, black Elks Grand that he actually has the status of an Under strides in science and industry and agricul­ Exalted Ruler Hobson Reynolds and Black Secretary-Number 2 man in the Depart­ ture. And then he said, "We have given free­ Power Conference Chairman Dr. Nathan ment. dom new reach, we have begun to make its Wright. To these men, Mr. Nixon pledged Nixon seems determined, at least in num­ prom.ise real for black as well as for white." that he would endeavor to surpass the ef­ ber, to surpass President Johnson in the ap­ Later in the address he talked again of the forts of his predecessors to improve the eco­ pointment of blacks to Washington jobs. In freedom of the black man as he emphasized nomic and social conditions of black Ameri­ cans. He said that this meeting was the first the White House, two black aides, Robert J. his inaugural theme of "Forward Together." Browne and Michael Monroe, can look around "No man," he said, "can be fully free while of many meetings in which he hoped to de­ velop communication between his Adminis­ at seven or eight black secretaries where his neighbor is not. To go forward at all ls during the Johnson administration there to go forward together. tration and black Americans. He said he was were only one or two. President Nixon has "This means black and white together, as seeking advice from black leaders to give him "direction, advice and criticism" in af­ also urged his cabinet to employ as many one nation, not two. The laws have caught Negroes as possible. up with our conscience. What remains is to fairs that affect black citizens. Declaring that give life to what is in the law: to insure at he wanted to broaden the base of Presidential LET'S GIVE HIM A CHANCE last that as all are born equal in dignity appointments to put qualified blacks in re­ James Farmer might just be right when before God, all are born equal in dignity be­ sponsible positions serving the needs of all he says that black men need more influence fore man." Americans, Nixon hinted at meaningful ap­ from the inside. And black men who turn The words were a promise of progress in pointments to come. down meaningful and desirable appoint­ mvll rights and equa.llty. But such was to be THE GREAT DISTRUST ments merely from fear of being labeled t·xpected in an inaugural address. "Uncle Toms" could be doing their own peo­ Despite all President NiXon has had to say ple a great disservice. National Urban League STRAWS IN THE WIND on racial problems during his meetings with Director Whitney Young recently said: "More The true ability of a President cannot be various black leaders both before and after his inauguration, black people seemed to Negroes should be encouraged to accept jobs assessed in a few months. Even at the end of in the Nixon Administration ... It is to the a four year term, a President might still be have assumed an air of watchful distrust. benefit of every Negro in this country that of unproved qUJallty. Looking back in history, The depth of this distrust became apparent to Mr. Nixon when he began seeking quali­ we are ably represented." one can only now see in perspective such The black man has been handicapped in Presidents as Herbert Hoover, Franklin Del­ fied Negroes for Presidential appointments. In several instances, his spokesmen were re­ the past because he did not have men "on ano Roosevelt, and Harry S. Truman. Dwight the inside" in government. Now that he does D. Eisenhower, John Fitzgerald Kennedy and buffed by Negroes who would have been will­ ing to accept the appointment but turned have that opportunity, he should take every Lyndon B. Johnson served too recently to be advantage of it. The very presence of a black judged at this time. But early in a President's down the offers only becaus<; they did not want to be labeled "Uncle Tom" by other, man in an office or on a committee helps t.erm of office, there a.re straws in the wind keep the white majority from forgetting us. that let one know what bent he is likely to more mmtant blacks. take on certain issues. One hint as to Presi­ The most highly publicized appointment So far as serving under President Nixon ls dent Nixon's handling of racial issues came to date, that of James Farmer, former concerned, let's face it. He's the only Presi­ even before Mr. Nixon was sworn in. And it national director of the Congress of Racial dent we have-Let's give him a chance to ca.me not from Mr. Nixon but from Robert H. Equality (CORE), to assistant secretary prove himself.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, May 22, 1969 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. them under the dome of this Capitol, RESIGNATION AS A MEMBER OF The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, that in all good will Thy kingdom may THE CANADA-UNITED STATES D.D., offered the fallowing prayer: go forward and Thy will be done on INTERPARLIAMENTARY GROUP Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, the earth. The SPEAKER laid before the House things which God hath prepared for Make real in our hearts the spirit of the following resignation from the Can­ them that love Him.-1 Corinthians 2: 9. Thy love; strengthen us by Thy power; ada-United States Interparllamentary Almighty and everlasting God, from draw us closer to Thee and, in so doing, Group: whom all thoughts of truth and love pro­ bind us together in a firm and a faithful MAY 21, 1969. ceed; kindle in our hearts and in the bond of unity, through Jesus Christ our Hon. JOHN w. McCORMACK, Lord. Amen. Speaker of the House, hearts of all men a real love for the House of .Representatives, truth and a deep concern for peace. Washington, D.O. Guide with Thy wisdom those who THE JOURNAL DEAR MR. SPEAKER: It is with deep regret lead our Nation, our President, our that I find I must resign my position on the Speaker, the Members of this House of The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ United States-Canadian Interparliamenta.ry Representatives, and all who work with terday was read and approved. Conference. 13448 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 22, 1969 I want to thank you for your kindness in ver Helmet Awards banquet at the Stat­ Representative Mills is sometimes called appointing me to this conference. My par­ ler Hilton Hotel here in Washington. the most powerful man in Congress because ticipation on it during the last three years A distinctive silver replica of a GI nearly every cent of federal funds disbursed has been a most enriching experience. The fall within the purview of the Ways and United States and Canada have many com­ helmet, appropriately engraved was pre­ Means Committee. He is also Chairman of mon interests and goals. It was my privilege sented to the 1969 honorees, all of them the Committee on Committees for the House to have had the opportunity to work closely outstanding Americans. These distin­ of Representatives, whose duty it ls to assign with this Conference which aims at foster­ guished men join the honor roll of other committee memberships to all other Demo­ ing trust and cooperation between ou r two great leaders who received the helmet in cratic Representatives in the Congress. countries. prior years. These include the late The devotion of Representative Mills to With best regards, I remain George C. Marshall, World War II Chief his country is exemplified by his distin­ Sincerely yours, guished service in its legislative halls. His JAMES KEE, of Stat! and later Secretary of State, outlook encompasses all of mankind. He seeks Member of Congress. President Richard Nixon, President Lyn­ peace for America, not in narrow, parochial don B. Johnson, and my warm friend seclusion but in a position of world leader­ The SPEAKER. Without objection, the and colleague, the Honorable OLIN ship. He has defined this country's goal as resignation is agreed to. TEAGUE, chairman of our House Com­ an establishment of institutions in which There was no objection. mittee on Veterans' Atiairs. men can settle their differences with words, Mr. Speaker, I shall not attempt to not weapons. He has said America should dwell on the distinguished careers of seek a world ln which freedom flourishes and APPOINTM:ENT AS MEMBER OF U.S. peace prevails. these great men who received the award Along with his epochal achievements in DELEGATION, CANADA-UNITED this year, but I do commend to the at­ STATES INTERPARLIAMENTARY domestic issues and foreign relations, Rep­ tention of the Congress and the Ameri­ resentative Mills has also been a trustworthy GROUP can people the citations presented to His friend to the veteran, his widow and orphan. The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the provi­ Eminence Richard Cardinal Cushing, His great influence is always on the side of sions of section 1, Public Law 86-42, the the Honorable WILBUR D. MILLS, Ambas­ the legitimate rights and entitlements of sador W. Averell Harriman, Gen. Wil­ veterans. Chair appoints as a member of the U.S. Recognizing that his achievements in our delegation of the Canada-United States liam C. Westmoreland, Mr. P. E. "Gene" legislature are reflections of his character as Interparliamentary Group the gentle­ Howard, and Mr. Henry Viscardi, Jr.: an individual, AMVETS presents its Congres­ man from New York, Mr. STRATTON, to AMERICANISM AW ARD PRESENTED TO His EMI­ sional Award to a distinguished gentleman fill the existing vacancy thereon. NENCE RICHARD CARDINAL CUSHING, .ARCH­ and patriot, United States Representative BISHOP OF BOSTON Wilbur D. Mills. "In gratitude for his personification of RESIGNATION AS A MEMBER OF loyalty in deed and word to the principles of WORLD PEACE AWARD PRESENTED TO AMBASSA­ THE CANADA-UNITED STATES our American heritage." DOR W. AVERELL HARRIMAN INTERPARLIAMENTARY GROUP Richard Cardinal Cushing was born in "In recognition of one whose passion for South Boston on August 24, 1895. He was peace again brought him the awesome re­ The SPEAKER laid before the House ordained into the Priesthood in May, 1921; sponsibility of representing America's hopes the fallowing resignation from the Can­ consecrated as Bishop on June 29, 1939, and at the conference table." ada-United States Interparliamentary elevated to the Sacred College of Cardinals Few men in the history of our country Group. on December 18, 1958. have borne a range of duties of such great During World War II more than a few GI's, respons1b11ity and diversity as W. Averell Hon. JOHN w. McCORMACK, serving in the Solomon Islands found that it Speaker of the House of Representatives, Ha.rriman. He has been our spokesman in was a good thing to come from "Father time of war and in the peaceful interludes. Washington, D.C. Cushing's place in America"-this assured DEAR MR. SPEAKER: As much as I hate to do His knowledge of the sensitive relationship a cordial reception from the natives and among countries and his great diplomacy so, I am going to have to resign from the sometimes provided for safety or even life. House Delegation to the Canada-United have been called on again and again in the This was so because the then Bishop Cushing quest for peace. States Interparllamentary Group because of increased his efforts on behalf of the mis­ the pressure of executive sessions in the Ways W. Averell Harriman has vast experience in sions of the Pacific, sponsoring the Solomon private business and in government service. and Means Committee. As you know, we are Islands Mission Fund. After the war the dealing with extension of the surtax and tax He has served on key positions under Presi­ fund helped restore missions in the North dents Roosevelt, Truman, Kennedy, and reforms and the Committee is in constant and South Solomon Islands which had been session. Johnson. ravaged by the conflict. Through the years In 1941 he was appointed Special Repre­ I want to express my appreciation for this His Eminence has continued his interest in appointment and I look forward to serving sentative of the President in Great Britain the Armed Forces of our country. with the rank of Minister. in this area in the future. Today the brill1ant and vigorous leader­ Sincerely, ship of Cardinal Cushing is known through­ In 1943 Mr. Harriman was Ambassador to SAM M. GIBBONS. out the world. Many have benefl.tted from the U.S.S.R., and in 1946 he was appointed his concern-perhaps some of us. Ambassador to Great Britain, later that year The SPEAKER. Without objection, he was named Secretary of Commerce by In September, 1944, His Holiness, Pope President Truman. the resignation is agreed to. Pius XII, named him Archbishop of Boston. There was no objection. Immediately Archbishop Cushing began im­ In 1948 Mr. Harriman became United plementing his program. To him this meant States Representative ln Europe with the the inauguration of many new religious, ed­ rank of Ambassador under the Economic APPOINTMENT AS MEMBER OF U.S. ucational and charitable activities. As a re­ Cooperation Act. In 1950 he was appointed DELEGATION, CANADA-UNITED sult, hundreds of mentally and physically Special Assistant to the President. STATES INTERPARLIAMENTARY deficient children are annually cared for ln In April 1968 the President chose Ambas­ GROUP institutions founded by His Eminence. A sador Harriman to be his personal repre­ boarding school for orphans, or children sentative to the Viet Nam peace talks in . The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro­ temporarily homeless ls another project sup­ Paris. Never was his patience more tested, visions of section 1, Public Law 86-42, ported by the Cardinal Cushing Charity never was his wisdom more challenged. the Chair appoints as a member of the Fund. Again, his influence was felt in our Na­ U.S. delegation of the Canada-United AMVETS is proud to present its Ameri­ tion's fervent pursuit of peace. States Interparliamentary Group the canism Award to His Eminence Richard Car­ The citizens of the United States owe a dinal Cushing. debt of gratitude to the distinguished diplo­ gentleman from Florida, Mr. PEPPER, to mat from the State of New York. Thus it is fill the existing vacancy thereon. CONGRESSIONAL AWARD PRESENTED TO THE with pride and with honor that AMVETS HONORABLE WILBUR D. MILLS present.s it.s World Peace Award to Ambassa­ dor W. Averell Harriman. "For his constant fidelity to the highest AMVETS SILVER HELMET ideals of American leadership so important AWARDS to t he security of our changing world." DEFENSE Aw ARD To BE PRESENTED TO GEN. (Mr. DORN asked and was given per­ Wilbur D. Mills of Arkansas entered the WILLIAM C. WESTMORELAND mission to extend his remarks at this service of his nation as Representative of his "For his dedication in preserving the free­ state's second Congressional district thirty dom of our country and his personal concern point in the RECORD and to include ex­ years ago. He became a member of the Ways for the morale of our fighting men." traneous matter.) and Means Committee of the House of Repre­ General William C. Westmoreland's Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, on April 12, sentatives three years later and, in 1958 be­ achievements as Commander of Allied 1969, AMVETS held its 12th annual Sil- came its Chairman. forces in Viet Nam belong to history and, May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13449 with his present position as Army Chief of Mr. Viscardi, though handicapped himself, Those who resort to force and violence Staff, his saga has just begun. founded and is president of the Human Re­ are inviting the military onto the cam­ This award directs attention to the man source Center in: Albertson, New York. The behind the record. He is a tough, hard-hit­ Center is internationally known for its Edu­ pus. This is their objective. They want ting professional soldier, highly skilled in cational Research and Training Institute and airborne troops, the National Guard, and the military arts and sciences, dedicated to for its work in rehabilitation of the physically law enforcement to occupy and patrol ·'Duty-Honor-Country." This trinity of disabled and mentally retarded. It includes the campus. This militant minority, dedi­ values forms a structure of steel within his Abilities, Inc., where severely handicapped cated to anarchy, is seeking to destroy total character. He is a terrifying foe to the and mentally retarded persons are employed. higher education. They seek to prevent enemies of America, yet he is a sensitive The Center houses the Human Resources the majority from a higher education in and compassionate comrade to the men he School which offers a fully accredited educa­ a highly competitive age. They know a leads. They respect him for what he is. They tional program for handicapped children trust his commands. from pre-school age through senior high resort to force will invite a counterforce. The world, even as it has sometimes dis­ school. The school is the first of its kind They are trained for this sinister job. agreed in principle with American soldiers in the world. This is the greatest stumbling block in fl.ghting in Viet Nam, has marveled at their Recently the establishment of INA MEND America today, to peace, understanding, invincible will. Institute was announced by Mr. Viscardi and and brotherhood. The American people The citizens of this country have been di­ Bradford Smith, Jr., chairman of Insurance are anxiously hoping that this crisis can vided and the streets of many towns have Company of North America. The institute is be solved by administrators and respon­ echoed to the chants of demonstrators de­ a research and education center for studies nouncing Viet Nam. But still the American in the field of rehabilitation and loss pre­ sible student leaders. The Congress, and soldier stood fl.rm and fought on, risking his vention. It will conduct research, seminars States legislative assemblies throughout life for "Duty-Honor-Country." and vocational evaluation and will provide the Nation, much prefer to see the aca­ It was a clear case of a Commander infus­ library services in the areas of rehabilitation demic community led by administrators, ing in the half million men of his command, accident prevention and the problems of the students, and academicians, trained and his own set of values. He set the example by disabled worker. devoted and dedicated to higher educa­ ignoring bad news from the home front and The research of the INA MEND Institute tion. But I must warn that the Congress flghting on. The soldiers were proud of their at Human Resources Center can make a commander and he was proud of them. major contribution through its studies and and State assemblies, as a last resort, For his achievements on the fleld of battle can influence new developments in the re­ will not permit those who resort to force and as one of the Nation's most trusted of­ habilitation of disabled persons. to destroy the academic community and flcials, AMVETS is proud to honor General In tribute to extraordinary courage and jeopardize national security and that of William C. Westmoreland with its Silver Hel­ in gratitude for the abundant energies ex­ the free nations of the world. met Defense Award. pended on behalf of others, AMVETS presents Every young American is entitled to a its Rehabilitation Award to Henry Vis­ fair chance at education. That educa­ cardi, Jr. SPECIAL SILVER HELMET AWARD To BE PRE­ tion cannot be maintained with book­ SENTED TOP. E. "GENE" HOWARD burnings, rifles and clubs in the hands "For the guidance he gave and the expert UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRIAL-PEACE of those trained in the art of anarchy. knowledge he shared in the ultimate suc­ As night follows the day, dictatorship cess of the United States Veterans Advisory COMPLEX Commission." will follow anarchy. Gene Howard has spent his time, energy (Mr. DORN asked and was given per­ Our Bill of Rights should include an and talents in the interes·t of veterans­ mission to address the House for 1 minute amendment guaranteeing not only free­ much of it in the service of AMVETS. and to revise and extend his remarks.) dom of the press and freedom of as­ For nine years in various positions he was Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, I repeat here sembly, but the right to an education instrumental in the growth of the organi­ excerpts of my remarks last night to a free of unlawful, illegal, and violent in­ zation. AMVETS benefitted from his astute student assembly at Virginia Tech Uni­ ter!erence. judgment and administrative aib111ty. His versity, Blacksburg, Va. outstanding work was recognized many times The moon orbit tonight of Apollo 10 by a.wards from AMVETS and AMVETS Auxiliary. is a result of the university-industrial­ REMARKS OF POPE PAUL VI ON In 1964 Gene Howard was appointed Spe­ peace complex-a complex of the Amer­ APOLLO 10 SPACE FLIGHT cial Assistant to William J. Driver, Admin­ ican academic community, industry, and istrator of Veterans Affairs. In this position Government cooperating in the cause of (Mr. MILLER of California asked and he continued to pursue his unswerving in­ peace and human progress. This complex was given permission to address the terest in veterans and their dependents. is pledged to making America first in House for 1 minute and to revise and AMVETS is joined by all major veterans space. Should the United States lead in extend his remarks.) organizations in recognizing the personal the exploration of space, it will be for Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. devotion Gene Hows.rd brought to his duties Speaker, in this morning's Washington in the Veterans Administration. This was peace and the security of free peoples of exemplified by his outstanding efforts in co­ the world. This complex is devoted to the Post there appeared a very short story ordinating and implementing the staff re­ future of mankind, it is dedicated to to­ on the remarks of Pope Paul VI, yester­ search on information provided to the morrow. They hold the key that unlocks day on the Apollo 10 space flight. His United States Veterans Advisory Commis­ the door to a billion secrets. They will words are worth repeating here in this sion. add 7 million miles of space to the free RECORD because they underscore the un­ Some 1400 recommendations were forth­ world's new frontier. It is a frontier with­ limited opportunity Apollo 10 has given coming from testimony received. mtimately out horizons and without limitations. to people of this country and to the free the Commission submitted 79 firm legislative world to demonstrate the soaring spirit, proposals to the Administrator of Veterans Two hundred American universities Affairs, the House Commi,ttee on Veterans and colleges are today engaged in re­ courage, and intuitive sense of destiny of Affairs, and to the President of the United search for our space program. Thousands mankind. This could be, in our times of States. of men and women with Ph. D.'s are cynicism toward almost every moral The impact of the Commission's report will working on this project. Four hundred value, the most important benefit of the have a profound influence on veterans' leg­ thousand skilled technicians are em­ future that we can derive from the na­ islation for many years to come. The con• ployed. From knowledge gained in space tional space program. His Holiness' re­ tributions made by Gene Howard will al­ research have come computers, inflam­ ways be remembered. marks are as follows: AMVETS, in grateful acknowledgement of mable materials, electronics, and bat­ POPE MARVELS AT APOLLO FEAT BY MERE MAN his outstanding leadership and selfless serv­ teries which open up an entirely new era VATICAN CITY, May 21-Pope Paul VI ice to veterans, present the Special Silver in the progress of mankind. praised the Apollo 10 space flight today and Helmet Award to P. E. "Gene" Howard. To remain :first in space for peace will expressed his wonder how man, "so limited challenge the imagination, creative abil­ and vulnerable," could accomplish such REHABU.ITATION AWARD To BE PRESENTED TO ity, and positive thinking of the univer­ feats. HENRY VISCARDI, JR. sity community as never before. A suc­ The Pope, who spoke to thousands during "In recognition of his compassion, under· cessful effort to eliminate poverty and his weekly general audience at St. Peter's standing and activities which give hope tc disease will largely depend upon our Bas111ca, said: "More than the moon's face, the handicapped of all ages." man's face shines before us. No other being Albert Einstein once said: "Only a life success in space. The American people whom we know, no other animal, even lived for others is a life worthwhlle." A multi­ will not permit this fantastic achieve­ stronger and most perfect in its vital in­ tude of people helped by Henry Viscardi, Jr., ment of the university industrial complex stincts, can be compared with the prodigious attest to the worthwhile existence of this un­ to be destroyed by a few who seek being which we, men, are. There ls something usual man. anarchy and chaos. in man that surpasses man . . ." 13450 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 22, 1969 RICHARD L. MAHER REPORTS ON Grady, president of the Academy of Medicine; Greece at a time when America needs all VISITS TO FOUR SOUTH AMERI­ Dr. Gary Bassett, health com.missioner of of her NATO allies to deal with the Lakewood; and Dr. John J. McCarthy, one of CAN COUNTRIES the best known West Side physicians and an growing menace of Soviet influence in (Mr. FEIGHAN asked and was given inventor as well as a doctor. the Mediterranean and the Middle East. permission to address the House for 1 In each country (excepting Uruguay), the The Look magazine article about al­ minute, to revise and extend his remarks doctors in the group held meetings with the leged tortures in Greece approximates and to include extraneous matter.) nation's medical men, exchanging ideas, similar charges made by Amnesty In­ listening to papers on medical problems, ternational 2 years ago and subsequently Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, Richard then visiting local hospitals. L. Maher, political editor of the Cleve­ totally demolished as untrue after on­ I had thought that the group was of suf­ site inspections by the International Red land Press, is considered the most astute ficient importance and prominence to merit political analyst in the State of Ohio. at least a courtesy call from the American Cross and a British Inter-Party Com­ Mr. Maher recently completed a embassies. They were ignored. mittee conducted at the request of the 2-week visit to four countries in South In Rio de Janiero, I talked with an em­ caretaker government of Greece. America; namely, Ecuador, Argentina, bassy aide, a career man in the service. He Shortly after the April 21, 1967, coup was a pleasant person, but entirely cold to by the Greek military, Amnesty Inter­ Uruguay, and Brazil. the idea that any group of visitors from Mr. Maher has written four articles national made serious charges of tortures home should be given any attention by the and brutality in Greece. The subsequent which appeared in the Clevel,and Press, embassy. and under unanimous consent I am in­ Americans go through every day, he ex­ investigations conducted by the Interna­ cluding the first article in my remarks. plained. Also, he added, the embassy doesn't tional Red Cross and by the British In­ Later I will insert the other three ar­ have the staff to contact visitors. ter-Party Committee concluded there was ticles. I commend most highly t.he read­ The Ohio group traveled by Trans Inter­ no basis for the accusations. I am today national Airways charter. calling to the attention of my colleagues ing of these articles by my colleagues On leaving Quito, Ecuador, the group was a report issued by the Greek caretaker and members of the Department of told by the tour leader that the plane government which summarizes the find­ State. could not land in Buenos Aires. It seems ings and conclusions of the two separate [From the Cleveland Press, Apr. 7, 1969) that the Argentine government has with­ drawn landing privileges from certain Amer­ investigations. UNITED STATES SEEN "LosING" SoUTH I have recently visited Greece myself AMERICA ican lines. Such companies land their planes in Mon­ and have spoken to some of the most (By Richard L. Maher) tevideo, Uruguay. Passenge:r'S then are trans­ respected leaders of that country who The United States is losing South America. ferred to smaller Argentine airlines planes are in no way affiliated with the care­ The American image is at its lowest point for the 40-minute flight to Buenos Aires. taker government nor do they owe any of recent yea.rs in our neighboring countries Leaving Buenos Aires, the same procedure is particular allegiance to the present gov­ to the south. American prestige and influ­ followed. ence, heightened under the late President The result is tremendous inconvenience ernment. In not a single instance did John F . Kennedy, sank to a deep low under to the tourists. Because of a hitch or a these impartial observers report any such President Johnson. breakdown in communications as well as tortures and brutalities as reported in President Nixon faces an immediate and unavailability of the needed three Argentine Look's article. difficult job in re-establishing friendly rela­ planes, the group, of which I wal3 part, Furthermore, we have in Chicago tions with South American republics. didn't reach Buenos Aires until 3 a..m. thousands of American citizens of Greek The United States is in trouble in Peru, Incidentally, the plane, after leaving ancestry who visit their native Greece Argentina., Venezuela and other Latin Ameri­ Quito, had to stop at Lima, Peru, to refuel. frequently. Some visit the big cities while can nations. But during the two-hour layover, no one That trouble ls on a high diplomatic level. was allowed to leave the airport. Everyone others visit the small villages widely Despite billions of dollars in a.id, despite the had to remain in an isolated area. scattered throughout Greece. I have efforts of the Alliance for Progress, we have There were there, however, plenty of talked to many of these people upon their made few friends. stands selling things to attract American return from Greece to see if any of their We have paid far less attention to South dollars. They did a thriving business. One relatives have mentioned the alleged tor­ America. than to Europe, given much less didn't need Peruvian money. American dol­ tures or brutalities. In not a single in­ a.id. But the result has been the same: You lars and travelers checks were glady taken, stance have we received any evidence don't buy friendship with money, with hand­ even for stamps. outs. The Buenos Aires matter was purely a that would substantiate the Look maga­ That antipathy to the United States exists diplomatic caper. It was, an embassy aide zine charges. only at the top level; not among the people, told me, a matter between the airline and Finally, Mr. Speaker, 6 months after the average citizen. Generally speaking, the the Argentine government. It would, he said, the April 21 takeover, I personally vis­ people in the streets, the shopkeepers, are be quickly adjusted when the transporta­ ited the Island of Yaros-off the coast friendly. They like the United States. They tion minister got back to his desk after an of Greece-where several thousand also like the American dollars that tourists illness. Greek political prisoners allegedly were spend. The embassy attitude was that this was suffering great tortures. Amnesty Inter­ A Kennedy half-dollar still is pretty good none of their concern, although every day for smoothing the way. In most countries American planes were not allowed to land national-like the Look article--charged south of the border, Kennedy is well remem­ in the Argentine capital. that political prisoners on this island bered, fondly revered. Streets have been There was a bit more to it than this, I were undergoing great tortures. named for him. Stamps have been issued in found. Involved was a request by the Argen­ Mr. Speaker, I emphasize, I person­ his honor. tine government to land a. couple more of ally visited Yaros and I took along my These observations are the results of a two­ its planes weekly at Los Angeles. This had own Greek interpreter so there would be week visit to South America during which I been refused by American officials on the no chance for misinterpreting what the visited four countries-Ecuador, Argentina, grounds that the air above California. was prisoners were telling me. After inter­ Uruguay and Brazil. (A year ago I visited too crowded. Mexico and earlier had been in Colombia and It seemed to me that the embassy regarded viewing several hundred prisoners, it was in Pana.ma just before the 1964 trouble.) this as one of those problems that, if ig­ my conclusion that charges of torture If one can put a finger on the cause of de­ nored long enough, it would eventually go and brutality were totally untrue and a clining U.S. influence in South America., it a.way. complete fabrication. Many of the pris­ would be touch the State Department and, oners frankly told me they were Com­ particularly, our embassies in the individual munists and would refuse stubbornly to countries. THE TRUTH ABOUT GREECE I found a certain aloof, chilly attitude in issue any assurance they would not con­ most of them. I gathered there is little re­ (Mr. PUCINSKI asked and was given spire against the government in their ef­ spect for American diplomats-among South permission to address the House for 1 forts to overthrow the new regime. Americans or among American visitors. minute, to revise and extend his remarks, I believe I am the only American ever I found a sort of "don't bother us and we and to include extraneous matter.) permitted to visit Yaros. I insisted on won't bother you" attitude surrounding our Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, in its visiting the prison island because I diplomatic people. Only in Mexico City and May 27 issue, Look magazine carries an wanted to see for myself if the charges in Ecuador did I find what I consider an un­ derstanding atznosphere. article titled: "Greece: Government by of tortures were true. I went to South America with a group that Torture" which I believe does an injus­ A few weeks ago I spoke here about included 165 Northern Ohio residents and tice to the people of Greece and more progress made in Greece by the care­ numbering some of this city's most promi­ seriously, presents a grave threat to re­ taker government and I said at that time nent physicians. Among them was Dr. John lations between the United States and that the United States must continue to May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13451 apply pressure for restoration of com­ often cases of gagging were reported, as well with the hair-raising descriptions of the plete parliamentary government-se­ as beating on the head with sandbags and famous Amnesty Committee are confined in beating the naked flesh with a whip. some charges, made by some prisoners, to the lected freely by the Greek people. I said "Pulling-out nails and use of electric torture of the "phalanga", even which ls not then that the Greek regime cannot post­ shock. proved, constitutes the most eloquent proof pone indefinitely return of complete con­ "The prisoners were hung for long periods. of truth. stitutional rule to Greece. I shall con­ Rubbing sensitive parts of the body, with The findings of the inter-party Committee tinue to press for these reforms but I pepper. Jumping on the stomach." of British MPs. believe we do a disservice to the cause In the face of these unprecedented and The report of British MPs on the subject unfounded slanders of international com­ of tortures ls equally smashing for the slan­ of freedom when we permit misleading derers of Greece. On April 22, 1968 the five articles about tortures in Greece to go munism and the fellow-travelers as well as of Amnesty International, the Greek govern­ British MPs Messrs. Antony Beck and David unchallenged. ment has accepted that successive missions Webster (Conservative Party) , Ted Garret Mr. Speaker, I have the highest regard of distinguished International Red Cross rep­ and Gordon Hagler (Labour Party) and Rus­ for Look magazine. It is one of the Na­ resentatives visit Greece and ascertain sell Johnston (Liberal Party) made an an­ tion's most respected publications. That whether the charges were founded or not. nouncement to the Greek and foreign jour­ is why I consider the Look article most In fact, from May 1967 to March 1968 four nalists at the Grande Bretagne Hotel, stress­ unfortunate. visits of representatives of the International ing: "The claims of the foreign press that Look magazine could have performed Committee of Red Cross were made. These tortures were inflicted on political prisoners a noble service by showing the progress representatives proceeded to a long and free at the police headquarters are ridiculous. No investigation of the alleged torturing and political detainees could be tortured in the that has been made in Greece during the living conditions of political prisoners at police headquarters in Athens in full view of past 2 years; by showing how Greece has Yaros, Leros, the prisons, as well as the dif­ the people. Maybe there have been isolated been saved from a takeover by the Com­ ferent hospitals where they were treated. cases but even here it is difficult to distin­ munists, and then join the rest of us in In parallel, on April 15, a British five­ guish between facts and propaganda. At all continuing to insist that the caretaker member inter-party committee composed of events, we believe that no instructions from government's mission cannot be com­ Messrs. Gordon Bagier (Labour Party), Rus­ above have been given about brutality and sell Johnston (Liberal Party), Anthony Beck torturing and we have assurances that any pleted until parliamentary government case of excessive zeal on the part subaltern is restored to Greece and her people have and David Webster (Conservative Party) and Ted Garret (Labour Party) visited Greece police members shall be punished severely." restored to them their historic right of in order to ascertain the living conditions of Similarly, two of the British MPs in question self-determination. political prisoners. On the other hand an­ (Gordon Ga.gier and R. Johnston) in an­ Mr. Speaker, the pamphlet prepared other objective investigator, Mr. Francis other interview with Greek and foreign by the Greek Government summarizing Noel Baker, Labour M.P., has not hesitated journalists on April 26, 1968 stressed: the two investigations conducted into to stigmatise in the British Parliament the "No claim whatever about ill-treatment of charges of tortures and brutality lying and slandering campaign against the prisoners on Leros has been made. Glezos is follows: Greek government as regards the question of in excellent health and did not complain of political prisoners. brutality. It is true that one of the deportees, [A publication of the Press and Information Mr. Abatiellos, had a scar on his foot but, Department of the Ministry to the Prime SMASHING REPLY we are not in a. position to say categorically Minister] The reply to the vile falsehoods of Am­ whether it was caused by ill-treatment. In no THE TRUTH ABOUT GREECE-THE TRUTH nesty International which is influenced by circle did we find anyone, even in the camp, REGARDING THE DEPORTED COMMUNISTS AND communism, has been really smashing. The who was ready to accuse the rulers of Greece THE ALLEGED TORTURES slander was of two kinds: (a) Tortures of of conducting any brutality or cruelty to de­ satanic inspiration at the General Security portees. Citizens accept the government posi­ (Reports of the International Red Cross in Bouboulinas street, at M111tary Hospital Committee and a statement of the Inter­ tively and say that it is a good government. Party Committee of British M.P.s) 401 and at Dionyssos, and (b) inhuman liv­ Part of the foreign press is not objective. We ing conditions of persons under administra­ believe that presentation of things by the (NoTE.-This statement has no other tive deportation. Western press has been biased in one direc­ a.Im than to present Truth about Greece, a.s 1. Torturing tion." witnessed by authoritative, honest and ob­ On the first score of the slanders, that is Mr. Francis Noel Baker. jective investigators. Finally, the slanderers of Greece have re­ (It deals with organized slander about to say on torturing, there are three authori­ tative and serious investigators who reject ceived a heavy blow from the Labour M.P., horrible tortures allegedly inflicted by the Mr. Francis Noel Baker, as regards the al­ Greek government on arrested communists. the charges after a careful and completely free investigation. These are: (a.) The Com­ leged tortures. (The reply to this slander is not given by In the course of a debate on Greece in the the Greek government, but the official re­ mittee of the International Red Cross (b) the report of the inter-party British House of Commons on April 11, 1968, Mr. ports of the International Red Cross and Francis Noel Baker gave the assurance that the statements of the British five-member, Parliamentary Committee and (c) the distinguished British politician a friend of his, a former EDA deputy, had inter-party Parliamentary Committee. confided to him that the treatment he had (The reader of this pamphlet may draw his of international prestige, the Labour M.P., Mr. Francis Noel Baker. while he was detained was exemplary. He own conclusions objectively.) said that the laws on the strength of which International communism launched on THE REPORTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS individuals are detained in Greece, had been the morrow of the Revolution of April 21, The reports of the International Commit­ voted by previous governments. Those who 1967 an unprecedented vile attack about al­ tee of Red Cross, in substance, rejected the applied the law were the same persons as be­ leged torturing of political prisoners and charges about torturing prisoners. They re­ fore. Everybody hates tortures. But it is in­ their inhuman Uving conditions. These com­ fused to take a stand, but they also denied dispensable to check facts so that there munist charges were comprised in a report of the testimonies about alleged torturing in should be no doubt. The last report of Am­ Amnesty International whose two represent­ the building of the General Security. The nesty International does not fulfill these pre­ atives, Messrs. Anthony Mareko and James International Red Cross Committee composed requisites. It appears that Mr. Mareko has Becket, visited Greece from December 30, of distinguished personalities, in order t-0 strong political views and so restricted con­ 1967 to January 26, 1968, following permis­ reach their conclusions, reported only narra­ tacts in Greece that it ls impossible for him sion of the Greek government. tives of political prisoners, all communists, to make an objective appreciation of things. Messrs. Mareko and Becket came into con­ in the prison of Aegina. Those displaced in He does not speak Greek and does not know tact, freely, only with detained communists the islands made n() charges about tortures. the country. Finally, Mr. Baker in a state­ or their families. Their report contained two The prisoners claimed that the greatest part ment to the press on April 6, 1968, stressed kinds of charges: (a) Torturing of prisoners of the alleged tortures were inflicted on them th.at reports about torturing of political and, (b) their inhuman living conditions. on the terrace of the central police building prisoners in Greece had been inflated to a Having adopted the communist views with­ in Bouboulinas street. This view is rejected superlative degree. Also, in another state­ out any investigation of the charges, Am­ by the International Red Cross in its report ment, when he returned from Greece, Mr. nesty International drafted a report stressing which says verbatim: "The roof and the en­ Baker said characteristically: "In view of the the following inter alia: tire building correspond with the descrip­ conclusions reached by a really responsible "Use of tortures has been made deliber­ tion of the prisoners who, however, do not organization, like the International Red ately and officially. The places where the mention that it is surrour..ded on three sides Cross, I consider that the charges about most serious ones were reported were Gen­ by inhabited buildings which are higher by brutal actions on the part of Greek police eral Security on Bouboulinas street, Military two or three storeys". All the prisoners, how­ officers are being magnified in advance." Hospital 401 and the Camp at Dionyssos. ever, according to the International Red The usual initial torture is the so-called Cross report, have assured that they have 2. Living conditions in camps, hospitals, 'phalanga'. The prison~r is tied to a bench heard no cry coming from the roof and that prisons and the soles of his feet are beaten with a they ignored that torturing was being in· On the second score of the slanders, that is stick or pipe. Numerous incidents of sex­ flicted. Also the fact that the slander about to say on the alleged inhuman living con­ ually-oriented torture were reported. Very tortures and the myths about inquisition ditions of deportees on the islands of Leros CXV--847-Part 10 13452 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 22, 1969 and Yaros as well as o! political prisoners dition the military doctor may order his objectivity-refuted the slanders one by one in hospitals, there are !our reports from transport to Athens. According to the Inter­ and proved: an equal number of visits made by repre­ national Red Cross doctors, the sick enjoy (1) That no tortures have been lnfilcted. sentatives o! the International Red Cross gOOd care in most of the available installa­ (2) That living conditions of deportees are in Greece from May 1967 to March 1968. tions. satisfactory. In all four reports and particularly in the Their nourishment and complexion are Of course, during the first weeks ot the third and fourth, the common finding ls that satisfactory in general. No patient seems se­ Revolution, living conditions on Yaros were political prisoners llve under satisfactory riously affected. The prisoners llve in many in no way comfortable. No one has main­ conditions. In particular: large halls which have electric light and the tained the contrary. The Revolution had to The first report refers to the :findings o! sanitary installations have been considered face urgent problems at that time. At a.11 M. J. Collandon, who visited the islands o! as acceptable. The prisoners cook alone and, events, from the reports of the International Yaros and Leros, the gendarmerle station as in the other camps, receive an allowance Red Cross Committee, the clear conclusion o! N. Heraklion and different hospitals in of 17 drachmas per capita. Both medical may be drawn that the living conditions o! July 1967. equipment and medicines are sufficient. No deportees have never been as described by The second report refers to the :findings of epidemic has been marked among the pris­ communist propaganda. Messrs. de Chastonay and Chatlllon, who, as oners at Yaros and Leros. As regards tortures, it has been ascertained representatives o! the International Red Hospitals by objective investigators, but also by those who made the charges themselves that, tn Cross, visited the places where political pris­ Third report.-Referrlng to the living con­ oners were held, between October 16 and 31, substance, there have been no tortures in any 1967. ditions of prisoners in the various hospitals, of the places where it has been denounced the report makes the following remarks: that these had been inflicted. In addition, it The third report refers to the :findings of (a) Luminous and well aired spaces. Pris­ Mr. Charles Amman, Assistant director and has been proved that, instead of the revolting oners under treatment receive the same food details mentioned in the report of Amnesty Mr. Laurent Marti, representative of the In­ as the other patients. ternational Committee of Red Cross, who International, the tortures were confined by (b) The doctors make no distinction be­ the allegedly tortured, only to the torment o! Visited the island o! Yaros and several oth­ tween ordinary patients and prisoners. The er places of detention in January and Febu­ "phalanga," which has been proved in no case. latter express but praise. Moreover, by curious coincidence, the few ary 1968. (c) Convalescents may take small walks. The fourth report, which ls characterised who have denounced to the International (d) International Red Cross representa­ Red Cross that they have been tortured were as a general report on the Visits of Interna­ tives gathered the best impressions from the tional Red Cross representatives, refers to all active communists with a heavy criminal hospitals of Syros, the General Hospital of past. the :findings of all the missions of the In­ Athens and "Sotiria" Sanatorium. ternational Committee of Red Cross. Fourth report.-Sick prisoners are treated An identity of :findings in connection with TRAGEDY AND VIOLENCE AT the llving conditions of the so-called politi­ in the following hospitals of Athens: Gen­ cal prisoners results, from the reports. eral Hospital, Aghlos Pavlos Hospital (Averotr BERKELEY prison), "Sotlrla." Sanatorium, Aghtos Savvas In particular, the following points are re­ (Mr. BROWN of California asked and ported: Hospital. On visiting the hospitals in question, the was given permission to extend his re­ YAROS-LEROS International Red Cross representatives have marks at this paint in the RECORD and to Sojourn ascertained that residence, hygiene, food as include extraneous matter.) Third report--Tent camps have been abol­ well as medical care were satisfactory and Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. ished completely. Kerosine stoves have been did not differ from what ls offered to non­ Speaker, fortunately the confrontations installed in women's quarters. prisoner patients. In particular, the member have begun to ease between demonstra­ Fourth report--The arrangements in the of the International Red Cross Committee, bullding suggested by the International Red Dr. Jacques Chatillon, says: "The general tors and authorities in Berkeley, Calif. Cross representatives at an earlier visit are condition of all prisoners ts satisfactory. The Over the past week, this tragic episode already being made, a special credit having patients admitted that medical care was ex­ has resulted in one death, injuring and been approved for this purpose. cellent. Recreation the same as for other gassing of many other persons. Martial It ls stressed in the report that the prison­ patients." law grips the city, and activities there ers have numerous indoor and outdoor games. Treatment and on the University of California Bathing In the sea ls allowed In the sum­ Third report.-The camp commander did campus are disrupted. mer. A space of some 1500 square metres not complain about the attitude of prison­ I am shocked that the predominant re­ surrounded by barbed wire ls at the disposal ers. No disciplinary penalty has been im­ sponse by authorities in Berkeley-at of prisoners at certain hours. posed. The detention room has remained Latrines, shower baths, and wash basins closed. both the State and local level-has been are suitably arranged. Living conditions have Fourth report--No complaint on the part one of condoning extreme violence in Improved since last summer. of the authorities of the camp or of the pris­ attempting to halt demonstrations. Nourishment oners has been formulated to the Interna­ I do not condone the irrespansible acts Fourth report--The daily portion of food tional Red Cross Committee. The report undertaken by some demonstrators, but corresponds to 2800-3000 calories with suffi­ states that during their last visit on March 10, nevertheless : am appalled by the ap­ cient proteins and vitamins. The Interna­ 1968, they talked in private and without parent lack of concern shown by authori­ tional Red Cross Committee reports that none witnesses with 95 prisoners, having devoted ties as evidenced by the means utilized to of the prisoners seemed undernourished. On six minutes to each one of them on an aver­ quell the turmoil. the contrary, those suffering from dlabetls age. The presence of an interpreter has been necessary. At all events it is stated that 18 As I understand the situation, I ques­ were entitled to a special diet. An additional t;o expenditure of 8 drachmas for those suffering prisoners speaking English or French have tion any need to resort firearms; yet, from this disease ls added to the usual 17 been heard on that day without witnesses. the initial move by authorities was to drachmas allotted dally per capita. Drink­ CONCLUSIONS allow police to use shotguns to disperse ing water ls no longer the object of com­ the crowd. Indeed, police did more than plaints. There has been slander on two scores: A) Inquisition-like tortures of political prison­ just break up the gathering; one news In addition, the report states that the pris­ ers and B) Inhuman living conditions of story-which I shall place below in the oners may obtain cigarettes or various per­ deportees on Yaros-Leros. RECORD-tells of police chasing one per­ sonal toilet articles at the canteen. The money sent by their famil1es amounts The charges had two sources: 1) Commu­ son and taking careful aim before firing. to drachmas 500 per month. nist and fellow-travelling whispering propa­ Tuesday's indiscriminate tear-gassing ganda and 2) The report of [Amnesty Inter­ of the university's central plaza by a Med.icaZ care-hygiene national] attempting to confirm communist National Guard helicopter commanded Third report--The medical personnel ls slander. by the county sheriff also appears to be composed of four doctors, three nurses On the other hand, there have been a) (male), one Samaritan of the Greek Red responsible statements by representatives of gross over-reaction as the gas later Cross and three military nurses. A dispensary the Greek government at various times deny­ drifted over parts of the campus not in­ of thirty beds has been arranged in an in­ ing the slanders with concrete data. b) The volved in the disturbance and then into dependent building. The Installations Include reports of the International Red Cross. c) the city itseU. 1 kitchen, 1 room for s·mall operations, 1 room the statements of the British inter-party These type responses-shootings, gas­ for X-rays and 1 small laboratory. Committee of MPs who visited the places of sings-do not seem to be effective in pre­ The laundry functions smoothly, soap ls detention of deportees, and d) the statement venting further trouble and further not scarce, the beds are generally comfortable. of the British Labour M.P., Mr. Francis Noel alienation. Instead, force was being met Fourth report.-Every evening, between 18 Baker, president of the British-Hellenic and 19.30 hours, a doctor visits the bedrooms. League. with force, and some demonstrators, Monday, Wednesday and Friday are medi­ The texts of the reports both of the British egged on by a very small contingent, cal visit days. On Tuesday, Thursday and MPs and the International Red Cross Com­ began to assume guerrilla tactics against Saturday medical visits in the dormitories are mittee and particularly of the latter--owing the authorities, the campus, and the city. made. In case a patient ls In a serious con- to unquestionable prestige and well-known I can only foresee a bloody final battle May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13453 in the streets if both sides continue ram­ Dan Siegel, the student president-elect, tions increased yesterday with the release­ paging along these clashing p81ths. shouted: "Let's go down and take over the of a photo shot the instant before a lawman park." shot a fleeing demonstrator last Thursday. Such a battle must be prevented, and Shortly afterward a platoon of Alameda The remarkable picture was taken by· progressive steps to strengthen the de­ County sheriff's deputies opened fire into a Emitt Wallace, a 26-year-old pre-law stu­ escalation undertaken at once. Only a crowd standing on a roof at Dwight Way and dent who lives in a. second-story Berkeley relatively minor incident may trigger off Telegraph A venue, near the campus. Na­ apartment at 2500 Dana street, on the­ mass killing and destruction, and the tional Guardsmen arrived soon afterward and corner of Dana and Dwight way. longer the situation festers and disin­ they tried to control the rioters by firing tear "I was looking out the window Thursday tegrates, the more chances grow that gas. afternoon and I saw some 50 people stand­ Among those wounded early in the fracas ing on the corner," he told The Chronicle. such an incident might occur. were Don Wegers, a reporter for The San "Then they all started to run. The cops. At present, actions initiated to cool the Francisco Chronicle, and Daryl Lembke, San came around the corner and one stood there, Berkeley violence are being done at the Francisco bureau chief for The Los Angeles like he was going to shoot. State and local level-and have not re­ Times. "I never dreamed he would, but I picked quired Federal intervention. A state highway patrolman, whose name up my camera and shot." But, I see no more than an uneasy was not disclosed, was stabbed. The lawman-garbed in what appeared truce at best, and I urge further sensible Gov. Ronald Reagan had never lifted a to be the battle dress of the Alameda. state of extreme emergency that he declared County Sheriff's Department--sighted along actions by both demonstrators and au­ for the campus and its immediate environs the barrel of his riot gun and suddenly fired thorities. As one starter, I would recom­ on Feb. 5 while confrontations between the at the back of a fleeing man in a. flowing mend that Governor Reagan might police and striking students led by members beard, Wallace said. temper the tone of his criticisms of of the Third World Liberation Front were The cop "took his time aiming," and was demonstrators-as were reparted in almost a daily occurrence. only two car lengths from his victim when Wednesday's Los Angeles Times, and The Governor's proclamation enabled the he fired, he added. which I also insert below into the REC­ sheriff to call upon the National Guard and "The guy fell down in the street howling. ORD-and instead look for some eff ec­ the state highway patrol to keep order on "The cop took off, and someone dragged the campus. the guy into a house. His right buttock and tive way to ease the crisis. Up to now, A critical situation had been building for hip were bloody from birdshot wounds." Mr. Reagan appears more interested in the last day or two since Dr. Roger W. Heyns, Wallace said no one has yet been able to reaping political hay by blaming only chancellor of the Berkeley campus, served identify the victim of the incident. demonstrators for all the problems that formal notice that the university would evict But University of California students hope have arisen this past week-a tactic not the "people's park" patrons and place a steel he will come forward after he sees his pic­ new for the Governor since it was his mesh fence around the 445 by 275 foot area ture, Wallace said. overtly slanted attacks on students and owned by the institution. It covers most of campus disorders which helped him get a square block at the corner of Haste and [From the New York Times, May 20, 1969] elecled in 1966. Bowditch, near the campus. FACULTY STAGES A BERKELEY VIGll.: THEY Again, I deplore the unjust and often Several hundred policemen ha.cl appeared PROTEST POLICE TACTICS AS FRESH DEMON­ at the park before 5 a.m. and "dispossessed" STRATIONS ARE HALTED WITH CLUBS silly moves by demonstrators who resort a small group of "trespassers" in preparation to equally authoritarian tactics against for the start of the fence erection an hour (By Lawrence G. Davies) the city of Berkeley and the University later. SAN FRANCISCO, May 19.-A group of Uni­ of California. But these tactics are Squads of laughing, singing hippie types versity of California faculty members shared fanned on by statements such as those had been busy at the site for several week­ a "protest vigil" today on the Berkeley cam­ made this week by Governor Reagan. ends, transforming the $1-million property­ pus while one of them made a qualified pub­ destlned eventually for student housing and, lic call for Chancellor Roger W. Heyns to And while the extremists on both sides more immediately, for playing fields-into a resign. fight, those caught in the middle--Berke­ park. · The vigil, in which some 100 members of ley residents, the university community­ They had spent a reported $700 for turf, the faculty, including Dr. Owen Chamber­ suffer. with which they covered part of the bare lain, a Nobel laureate in physics, took part, I am joining my colleague from the ground and had spread sawdust over some was one of a series of events over which Berkeley area, Mr. CoHELAN, in taking of the rest. They also brought in striped hundreds of national guardsmen, policemen the following steps to help avert further swings to delight children and installed and sheriff's deputies kept watch or inter­ disruption. I am asking the Attorney benches and tables for picnics. fered with. Someone dubbed the result "power to the Dr. David Krech, professor of psychology, General to use his powers in title X of people park," which was shortened on a sign said the faculty members then assembled to the 1964 Civil Rights Act to assist con­ to People's Park. A corner bulletin board "protest the bloodshed and the continued ciliation through the Community Rela­ carried a schedule of activities so that resi­ threat of bloodshed that was consequent tions Service, and I am requesting study dents and nonresidents, students and non­ upon university action" last week. of the Berkeley situation by the Presi­ students, who arrived with picnic baskets or This action, which produced further pro­ dent's National Commission on the sandwiches in brown bags could stop to read test today as far away as the university's on their way to a. picnic table. Santa Cruz campus, 70 miles to the south, Causes and Prevention of Violence. where an administration building was seized Mr. Speaker, I include the following There were three apple trees and colored balloons and a steel triangle like a. chuck by students, followed violence that began articles describing the Berkeley dis­ wagon dinner bell, which they called a "bull­ last Thursday in the universtiy district in orders in the RECORD at this point: dozer alarm," to alert them when the police Berkeley. [From the New York Times, May 16, 1969] might be about to descend on the area. It followed the ejection of a group of SHOTGUNS AND TEAR GAS DISPERSE RIOTERS The university purchased the property last "street people"-hippies, student.s and non­ students--from a piece of university-owned NEAR THE BERKELEY CAMPUS year in accordance, according to Earl Cheit, land that they had transformed into a park (By Lawrence E. Davies) executive vice chancellor, with an agreement with the city of Berkeley, the seller, several of sorts through several weekends of work. BERKELEY, CALIF., May 15.-Polioemen with years ago. Within 10 years it was to be con­ Chancellor Heyns ordered a fence installed shotguns and National Guardsmen with tear verted from a playing field into either stu­ to keep interlopers out. gas opened fire on rioters along Telegraph dent apartments or dormitories. SEVENTY TREATED IN HOSPITALS Avenue near the University of California Art Goldberg, one of the leaders of the Almost 70 persons required hospital treat­ here this afternoon, incapacitating dozens of Free Speech Movement on the Berkeley cam­ persons. The rioting began in protest against ment last week from injuries received from pus more than four years ago, said recently pellets of various kinds fired at protesting the university's taking over "People's Park," that the university had purchased the land a. tract of land owned by the institution but crowd by law-enforcement agents. Police of­ because the Berkeley police department had ficers have insisted that the usual ammuni­ improved in recent weeks by hippies, yippies, asked it to. nonstudents and others as a playground and tion was light birdshot, but some wounds "They're trying to drive the students and have indicated to hospital aides that in sev­ gathering place. The seriousness of most of the street people out," he asserted, a state­ the injuries was not determined immediately eral instances buckshot or heavier pellets ment that has been denied by the adminis­ were used. although one hospital spokesman said a tration. group of persons had been treated for buck­ The Stanford University campus at Palo shot wounds. At Herrick Hospital the nurses Alto also had continued demonstrations. [From the San Francisco Chronicle, May 19, Students picketed the institute to enforce a lost count of the numbers and an aide said 1969] most of the victims were immediately taken demand that university trustees integrate into surgery. The shooting started near the SHOOTING OF BERKELEY PROTESTER: PHOTO the institute with the university and ban all Sather Gate entrance of the Berkeley cam­ STIRS NEW FuRoR war-related research. pus after a demonstration attended by 1,500 The furor over police use of shotguns A half-dozen arrests were ma.de, bringing in Sproul Hall Plaza. At the end of the rally, during the Berkeley People's Pa,rk disrup- the total for the weekend to 21. The Stan- 13454 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 22, 1969 ford trustees decided last week to sever for­ and led them back into the campus. Some a bystander who suffered buckshot wounds mal ties between the two institutions but re­ headed for Chancellor Roger W. Heyns' house during the bloody riots last Thursday. The fused to order the institute to give up such where they chanted and shouted until police victim, James Rector of San Jose, died last research as counterinsurgency. dispersed them with the day's first barrage night in a Berkeley hospital. The coroner's At Berkeley a scheduled noon rally on of tear gas. A campus policeman was injured office ruled that the wounds were the cause Sproul Hall plaza drew about 1,000, who fell on the mouth by a flying rock. of his death. back without resistance in the face of squads The crowd then filtered back to Sproul Mr. Rector, a carpenter, was reported to of policemen. Plaza and was surrounded by the police and be visiting a friend. He had taken refuge on GUARD REPELS PROTESTERS National Guard. Several National Guard a rooftop when the trouble started Thursday. trucks stood at the entrance of the campus. Professor Kreh, explaining why faculty According to witnesses, an officer took aim One contained barbed wire to barricade the w1 th a shotgun and fired. members were on hand, asserted that the streets, if needed. vigil "is to indicate publicly our protest The police and national guardsmen broke At 2 p.m. police ordered the Plaza cleared. up the crowd of more than 2,000 marchers against Chancellor Heyns's actions that led "Chemical agents will be dropped in the and split it into smaller groups. to shooting by Sheriff Frank I. Madigan and next five minutes," an officer announced The new violence came in the fifth day of his hoods." through a bullhorn. Five minutes later, a Several times during the day National turmoil that followed the official closing of powdered form of tear gas; called "CS" gas, a plot of university-owned land that had Guardsmen forced columns of demonstra­ was sprayed from a helicopter. been improved by students as a "people's tors, as many as 2,000 at a time, back to the The gas was used several times more dur­ park." campus from downtown Berkeley, where they ing the afternoon on the campus. It drifted As tear gas and bayonets were used to stop had vowed to close businesses. Several of into classrooms, forcing students and fac­ the 500 marchers advancing on Mr. Heyns's the militants were clubbed when they re­ ulty to emerge with stomach cramps and residence, students shouted "Murderer! Mur­ fused to move from a position near Interna­ eyes watering and stinging. It also drifted derer!" tional House. into the campus hospital where at least one Mrs. Heyns, protected by private security Many businesses were closed and even em­ patient was evacuated into a sealed room. guards, was in the house. ployes of the Bay Area Rapid Transit Dis­ trict, now working on a Berkeley subway line, GUARDSMAN LED AWAY SEVEN CLOUDS OF TEAR GAS removed their equipment and quit work, at In Strawberry Canyon, a recreation area Clouds of gas floated across the campus least temporarily, at the demonstrators' de­ for faculty families, children felt the sting­ and isolated skirmishes between dissidents mand. Paint in some cases was sprayed on ing gas as they swam in the pool. On near­ and police were reported. store windows, cars and parking meters. by Telegraph Avenue people stood inside The silent funeral march, led by 25 to 30 Representatives of a citizens' coalition shops with damp handkerchiefs over their faculty members, set off across the university group, at a campus news conference, de­ mouths and faces. University employes have at noon toward the downtown shopping dis­ manded immediate discussions between the taken to bringing masks to work with them. trict. university and the ''People's Park" negotiat­ At about 3 o'clock, a National Guards­ More than 2,000 sympathizers filed behind ing committee, the removal of outside po­ man at the campus entrance dropped his the leaders. They carried one large yellow lice forces and an investigation of the use rlfie, helmet and mask, attempted to rip placard that read: "Faculty Vigil." of firearms for crowd control. off his flak jacket and was led away by MPs. At the edge of the campus, the march A public information officer explained he had was met by a company of guardsmen and a {From the Washington Post, May 21, 1969) become 111 and MPs merely helped him away. line of Berkeley policemen. He was too embarrassed, the officer said, to Mter the crowd was broken up, one seg­ HELICOPTER SPRAYS GAS ON BERKELEY be interviewed. ment marched to the chancellor's home. An­ "MOURNERS" But Rick Davis, a reporter for KNXT-TV in other part of the crowd marched to the cam­ (By Rasa Gustaitis) Los Angeles, said he saw the Guardsman pus administration building. A third group BERKELEY, CALIF., May 20.-Thousands of throw down his rifle and helmet. "He looked went to Sproul Hall Plaza, where a social demonstrators fled the University of Cali­ mad. He didn't look sick," Davis said. Stephen welfare professor, Mark Pillsuck, said the fornia campus this afternoon, sneezing and Lighthlll, a CBS cameraman, said he saw National Guard had agreed to permit a fu­ coughing after tear gas was sprayed repeat­ MPs put a handcuff on one of the Guards­ neral vigil. edly-from canisters, hoses and a low-flying man's wrists. However, they later were dispersed. mllitary helicopter-to disperse about 1000 Moments before the incident, Berkeley po­ A Berkeley policeman said that the order people who roamed the campus in the sixth lice arrested a student of cr1m1nology who to drop gas from the helicopter had come day of disorders over People's Park. had been talking with Guardsmen and, ac­ from the Sheriff, Frank I. Madigan, who ls About 2000 people had attempted to stage cording to witnesses, urging them to drop field commander of the operation at the a march of mourning to the campus and their guns. More than 20 persons were ar­ campus. downtown to commemorate the death late rested today. The Berkeley City Councll voted today yesterday of James Rector, 25, who had been Just before noon, Dan Siegel, 24, the pres­ unanimously to request an investigation by shot by .30 caliber bullets in last Thursday's ident-elect of the Associated Students, gave the Alameda County Grand Jury. riot. himself up to police. He said he had heard It asked the jury to explore the circum­ Rector, from San Jose, died at Herrick he was wanted on the misdemeanor charge stances surrounding the current street vio­ Memorial Hospital of "acute heart failure" of inciting a riot. Last Thursday, at a rally, lence, the means used to repress the out­ after undergoing surgery that removed his Siegel urged a crowd to march on People's break and the means used to incite the vio· spleen, pancreas and a kidney. Park and reclaim it. That morning the Uni­ lence. In Sacramento, Gov. Ronald Reagan said versity had put a fence around the lot which Rector probably had been hit by police shots residents had developed into a park. [From the Washington Post, May 19, 1969) but said "it's very naive to assume that you Meanwhile, the Berkeley City Council spent "PEOPLE'S PARX"-NEWEST BATrLEFIELD IN should send anyone into that kind of con­ the morning discussing the crisis and ex­ WAR AT BERKELEY flict with a flyswatter." pressing 1ts repugnance of violence and de­ (By Rasa Gustaitis) The march began at noon in Sproul Plaza sire for order. on the campus and was cut short on the BERKELEY, CALIF., May 18.-The "people's campus edge by police backed by the Na­ [From the New York Times, May 21, 1969) park" has become a National Guard encamp­ tional Guard. The demonstrators then re­ ment. COPTER BREAKS UP BERKELEY CROWD: STING• The muddy University-owned lot where ceived police permission to return to the ING POWDER, DROPPED FROM Am, ENDS Plaza for a vigil. "street people" had laid sod and placed "FuNERAL" FOR A GUNSHOT VICTIM benches and swings and sculpture ls now DAY OF MOURNING ASKED BERKELEY, CALIF., May 20.-A National surrounded by an eight-foot wire-mesh Mark Pilisuk, a faculty member in the Guard helicopter swooped over the Univer­ fence. department of Social Welfare, urged the sity of California today and dropped a white, The University of California-backed by crowd to return "in keeping with the spirit skin-stinging powder on several hundred stu­ police in flak vests-shut the park down at of what we're trying to do." Others, however, dents, faculty members and "people's park" dawn last Thursday. In the disorders that wanted more militant action and greeted demonstrators. followed, 50 people were arrested and 100 his words with shouts of "murder," referring The powder dropped by the helicopter was injured, some by police birdshot. On Satur­ to Rector's death. identified by officials as "C.S.," a dry form of day, a downtown rally was broken up by 500 William Mandel, a Russian scholar and tear gas. National Guardsmen. long-time Berkeley militant, then addressed The action in Sproul Hall Plaza came 30 Today, demonstrators tried to create a the crowd. He demanded that the city offi­ minutes after troops guarding the campus second "people's park" on vacant land, but cially be shut down tomorrow in mourning home of Chancellor Roger W. Heyns fired National Guardsmen drove them away with for Reeter. If that was not done, he said, tear gas to disperse a crowd of 500, many of little violence. "Nobody will be able to restrain those who whom were shouting curses at the chancel­ The story of this episode in the war be­ want to express their sorrow and outrage." lor's wife. tween the University and its on-campus and Student body president Charles Palmer The violence grew out of a silent "funeral off-campus dissidents goes back almost a then urged the demonstrators to "keep cool" march" led by demonstrators in memory of year. May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13455 Until then the lot was a block of rundown (From the San Francisco Chronicle, May 19, Bertolt Brecht. And Kafka. They saw the off-campus rooming houses. The University 1969) future in all of its mindless, ignorant brute bought the block for about $1 million, tore ON THE TOWN: THERE'S TROUBLE CoMIN' force terror. Is it really upon us now? down the houses and said it planned-some­ EVERY DAY time-to develop it for intramural sports (Ralph J. Gleason) [From the Los Angeles Times, May 21, 1969) fields and eventually for dormitories. REAGAN CHARGES PARK RIOTS WERE PLANNED: Meanwhile, it was an eyesore. During the "I am he as you are he, as you are me and we a.re all together . . . see how they run SAYS WEAPONS, MlsSILES WERE STOCK­ winter it turned into a muddy swamp. Later PILED FOR DELIBERATE CONFRONTATION IN it was used as an informal parking lot. like pigs from a gun, see how they fly . • . I'm cryin' . . ." John Lennon and Paul Mc­ BERKELEY Four weeks ago, several people in the com­ (By Tom Goff) munity-including some of the more radical Cartney wrote that in their classic "I Am the businessmen, a Berkeley Barb reporter and Walrus" and the heavy buzzing sound of the SACRAMENTo.-Gov. Reagan said Tues­ some veteran acti vists--decided to turn the police helicopters grew in the sky. "Chicken day that the Berkeley "people's park" riots lot into a park. Little, the sky is falling, the sky ls falling,'' were caused by "a well-prepared and well­ Stu Albert of the Barb wrote an announce­ I thought and looked at the National Guard anned mass of people who had stockpiled ment in that paper inviting those interested and the Highway Patrol and the rest of the all kinds of weapons and missiles." to come to the lot Sunday, April 20, to dig police. Police intelligence and other information and plant. About 500 people showed up, in­ "Look out kid, don't matter what you did" available to him showed the upheaval was cluding students, faculty members and a lot Bob Dylan said it and another line of his "a deliberate and planned attempt at con­ of "street people"-the scraggly young peo­ comes to mind: "at midnight all the agents frontation" and not a spontaneous reaction ple who hang out on nearby Telegraph Ave­ and their superhuman crew come out and to a cause, he said. nue. round up everybody that knows more than Rioting started in Berkeley last Thursday A bulldozer was hired to grade the earth. they do!" when the University of California moved to About an acre of sod was laid. A "people's The smell of tear gas seeped under the door clear and fence in a parcel of universlty­ revolutionary corn garden" and a wide va­ and from the back of the house you could owned land that had been taken over by so­ riety of flowers were planted. Walkways were hear the gunshots. "Well, I'm about to get called "street people" as a hangout and a built with bricks from a church being de­ sick from watchin' my TV, I been checkln' park. molished nearby. Swings, a sandbox, benches, out the news until my eyeballs fail to see" The university said the land was needed sculptures and bulletin boards appeared. Frank Zappa sang and ended his song with for development as a soccer field. Some merchants on Telegraph Avenue " ... there's trouble comin' every day." One youth was fatally wounded in the gladly contributed money, hoping that Down the street the ambulances were rioting and scores, includ.tng about 50 police "street people" would turn into "park peo­ screaming, lights flashing. Jeeps with Na­ officers, were injured. ple" and take their problems--drugs, juve­ tional Guard, station wagons with Highway Reagan sent units of the Callfornia Na­ nile runaways-off the sidewalks. Patrol. Flak suits and gas masks. tion.al Guard to the area and imposed a 10 Nobody was in charge of the development. And guns. While we sat in our rooms and p.m. to 6 a..m. curfew after local officials said The park seemed to grow spontaneously and played records and listened to the magnifi­ they could not contain the uprising. was used by hundreds daily. Theater groups cent broadcasts of KPFA and watched the Reagan said he assumed the dead youth­ and bands came to perform. There was usu­ TV, they shot people in Berkeley, not in self­ James Rector, 25, of San Jose-was shot by a ally a fire going in a pit and sometimes free defense even, but for standing on a corner. law enforcement officer. food was cooked and distributed. "It's a most distressful country . . . for He told a Capitol news conference such However, to some the park was a problem. they're hanging men and women for the things were part of the tragedy of "this en­ Nearby residents complained about noise. weartn' of the green.'' tire attempt at revolution." Police saw the park as a haven for drug us­ Can nobody stop the madness? Anywhere? In the current school year, he said, four ers. The University feared the reaction of There was no revolution in Berkeley. There persons have died violently at or near Cali­ the Board of Regents. was a muddy lot, let lie fallow by the Univer­ fornia college and university campuses. Two weeks ago, Chancellor Roger W. Hey­ sity for months. Ordinary people, not any "How much farther do we have to go to nes, announced he wa.s willing to modify kind predominating, made it into a thing of realize that this ls not just another panty the design for the planned playing field to beauty. Then in order to protect themselves raid?" he asked. include some park facllitles. La.st week he from political attack, its legal owners erected NOT YOUNGSTERS' WORK a fence and called in the National Guard to announced that a fence would be built to Reagan said none of the disturbances reaffirm the University's ownership and stop play on the children's playthings. And they shot people in the street in Berkeley on Black which have been occurring at Berkeley and unauthorized use of the lot. Thursday in a test to see how far the society elsewhere could be considered "simply the The fence went up at dawn. The demon­ would go to enforce a technical right. Is it acts of youngsters sowing their wild oats stration that followed quickly turned into a worth that man facing blindness in the or seriously and legitimately questioning our riot. Gov. Ronald Reagan called in the Na­ Berkeley hospital? Even the Berkeley Gazette society and its values." tional Guard. wonders editorially was the shooting neces­ Preceding the most recent Berkeley out­ Saturday some 500 young people roamed sary. An elected official on radio said "we'll bursts, he said, campus officials had an­ through the downtown area in an effort to fight them with guns" though God only nounced repeatedly that the property in close down businesses, then gathered for a knows what he was talking about. question was scheduled for conversion to a rally. More than 1000 National Guardsmen There ls crazy gas in the world today. In soccer field at this time. and policemen contained the crowd and it every country, in all the cities. The planet's in "But despite these warnings" he said broke up. turmoil. This society has lost control of its "those who wanted a confrontation sought Frank Barda.eke, a Berkeley activist, told senses. We are shooting people for building to convert that property for their own use.'' the rally to prepare for a week of peaceful wooden benches on a vacant lot! The governor insisted that the university disruption. "It's going to be up to us to stay Nothing I have ever seen on TV or heard timetable calls for the use of the disputed in the streets longer than they can keep the on radio or read in the papers has the hor­ land now. He indicated, howeve , that action Guard in the streets," he said. "The only rifying effect of the eye witness broadcasts to fence it in last week may have been chance we have ls to make it so costly to over KPFA. prompted by a petition from adjacent resi­ Berkeley that the Regents and the Univer­ "Can I use your phone?" the blonde lady dents. sity will have to give in and let us have the with the child in her arms asked at my front He said the petition was signed by 48 resi­ park." door. "They wouldn't let me get back to my dents who asked for "prompt and decisive ac­ Many Guardsmen were uncomfortable with car and the tear gas drove me down here." tion" to clear the property. their roles. "It feel s-y,'' said one, a student Refugees in Berkeley. Refugees, not from It made seven points, the governor said: at San Jose State College, who sat slumped revolutionaries, but from the forces of so­ Aetivlties in the "park" were causing "great against the park fence. "The only thing I'd called law and order. distress" in the neighborhood. heard about this park was a story in the The trouble ls, of course, that we insist on Drums, shouting and other crowd noises paper. It showed how nice it was that people legalizing our prejudices. Our board of edu­ lasted nightly until 2 or 3 a.m. were cleaning up an empty lot and planting cation wants to legislate morality. The Gov­ "Garbage and human faces" Uttered the flowers." ernor and the University want the trouble­ area and the neighborhood. "It doesn't seem like this was necessary,'' makers to go away, white or black. The Bonfires were burned day and night with­ said another Guardsman who was called to provocations and the confrontations are all out perml ts. duty Friday morning after he had returned designed to let the munitions salesmen "Drug pushers and addicts'' were "seen" in from a night job as a machine operator. whom we saw in the film of the pollce chief's the area. One possible way out of the siege is - a convention, make their profits selling their Residents had been stopped for handouts proposal originating in the University's tear gas and their flight jackets and the rest and were threatened if they did not comply. School of Environmental Design. It would of their riot equipment. Law and order means Water and bricks were stolen from nearby allow the park to continue, under the they can shoot you. That's what it meant in sources. school's supervision, as an experiment in Berkeley on Black Thursday. Reagan referred to those who used the park spontaneous recreational development with­ Catch-22 said that they can do anything we as street gangs,'' most not directly associated in a community-in other words, a "people's can't stop them from doing. Joseph Heller ls With the university but who have the sup­ park." a poetic visionary. So was George Orwell and port of "a few campus radicals." 13456 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 22, 1969 He said threats were made that 1f the uni­ radio and television. The FTC proposes the mechanism for implementing Title VI as versity closed off the area, retaliations would to force every cigarette advertisement it had been established within the Depart­ occur, including $5 million damage to campus to carry a warning far harsher than any ment. bulldings. yet put forward. The folowing report is based upon these The university decided to clear the park interviews and an analysis of materials de­ and fence it last Thursday. It sent workmen Mr. Speaker, the two regulatory agen­ veloped by the Department pertaining to accompanied by some 250 pollce officers to do cies are in effect holding a gun to Con­ their Title VI enforcement program. It is in­ the job "in the early hours of dawn," Reagan gress and saying, "Do it our way, or else." tended as an internal working document for said. The overwhelming majority of Members the information and use of the agencv "After the property was cleared, mob vio­ denounce the violent tactics and non­ concerned. lence erupted and additional police were negotiable demands of student radicals SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS called to the scene," the governor added. "On that day, police took a tremendous on campuses across the Nation. But I The organization, staffing, and assignment and unprovoked beating from a well-pre­ ask, are the FTC and FCC pressure tac­ of the equal opportunity fun{:tion in the De­ pared and well-armed mass of people who tics any different? I submit they are not. partment of Agriculture as presently con­ had stockpiled all kinds of weapons and I submit that the breakdown of con­ structed does not provide the most efl'ective missiles. stitutional processes and traditional implementation and enforcement of Federal "They included pieces of steel rods as well practices is not confined to the college and Departmental equal opportunity policies as bricks, large rocks, chunks of cement, campus or the ghetto streets. and regulations. An Office of Equal Opportu­ iron pipes, etc." I submit that the two regulatory agen­ nity should be established under the Secre­ At one point, Reagan said, a can of gaso­ tary with responsibility for and authority to line was thrown at a group of officers. cies are behaving with the same disre­ coordinate, implement and enforce Federal "Dissidents stood on fire escapes and roof gard for lawful and orderly processes as and Departmental equal opportunity policy, tops and showered officers with steel bars, student radicals and street corner mili­ including the power to command agency per­ rocks and chunks of cement. One officer was tants. It is unseemly behavior for a formance. stabbed in the chest with a thrown dagger," group of beardless, middle-aged com­ The Department of Agriculture does not he added. missioners. And I think it is high time uniformly conduct evaluations which mean­ The governor said the police responded for this Congress to exercise some pa­ ingfully measure the relative impact and with tear gas and shotguns loaded with bird­ benefits of agriculture programs and services rental discipline on its offspring. A trip upon potential and actual minority group shot. to the woodshed may be definitely in program participants. Agencies of USDA "This was done only to protect life and order. should be required to collect racial and ethnic property and in response to felonious as­ participation data in their programs and a saults with deadly weapons," he said. program evaluation unit should be estab­ He responded to a plea from local officials MECHANISM FOR IMPLEMENTING lished within the Office of Equal Opportunity for National Guard help when local agencies, to provide independent analysis of such data. including mutual-aid police forces, could not AND ENFORCING TITLE VI OF CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 No effective program for civil rights train­ contain the situation, the governor said. ing of agency program staffs and employees "I want to make it clear now that the Na­ (Mr. CONYERS asked and was given of agriculture programs at the state and local tional Guard, or whatever resources they can permission to address the House for 1 level exists in the Department of Agriculture. provide, must and will be made available to minute, to revise and extend his remarks As a result, agency administrators and pro­ local officials when they ask for it," he and include extraneous matter.) gram personnel are not sufficiently informed added. of equal opportunity pollcies and are not Reagan said he was "opposed to proposals Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, on May 20, my distinguished colleague, the gen­ equipped to implement and enforce these that the police be forbidden to use firearms policies. As a further result, communication in dealing with civil disturbances." tleman from Californi2, (Mr. EDWARDS) , with minority group beneficiaries is poor or The governor indicated he was convinced chairman of the Democratic study group non-existent. A civil rights training unit of the conspiracy aspects of the case because task force on civil rights and minority should be established within the Office of of the presence at Berkeley of people associ­ affairs, brought to the attention of the Equal Opportunity to develop programs for ated with student and slmllar disturbances Members of Congress the shocking fail­ sensitizing agriculture officials to minority at Berkeley earlier and elsewhere in the ures of the Department of Agriculture to group problems and providing them with the country. techniques and knowledge necessary for con­ When pressed for names he said the list enforce laws against discrimination in ducting meaningful equal opportunity en­ would include Tom Hayden, a leader in the Federal programs. I await with great in­ forcement. Students for a Democratic Society move­ terest the response to his letter to Sec­ Compliance reporting and review methods ment, and Mario Savio, a leader in earlier retary Hardin in which he asks what presently in use do not adequately inform student outbursts at Berkeley. steps will be taken to implement the rec­ the Department of Agriculture of the status ommendations of the Attorney General of equal opportunity compliance in its pro­ to end the racially segregated and un­ grams. Under the direction of the Office of ANTISMOKING PRESSURE DANGER­ equal services provided by the USDA. Equal Opportunity, adequate methods for OUS TO HEALTH OF CONGRESS In fact, it is my understanding that assessing equal opportunity compliance, in­ cluding quantitative measurements of mi­ (Mr. STUBBLEFIELD asked and was the Department of Agriculture has now nority group participation in agricultural begun to study the recommendations of programs, and field reviews incorporating given permission to address the House the Attorney General. Within a day of for 1 minute, to revise and extend his "across the board" program measurements, receipt of Mr. EDWARDS letter, the De­ must be developed. In addition to agency remarks and include extraneous mat­ partment scheduled a meeting to con­ compliance reporting and review efforts, the ter.) sider this matter. Office of Equal Opportunity should have Mr. STUBBLEFIELD. Mr. Speaker, a Because of the vital importance of this sufflcient staff to monitor agency reporting distinguished committee of the House of issue to so many of our citizens and be­ and review activity and to perform independ­ Representatives is now deliberating the cause the report to which Mr. EDWARDS ent compliance reviews in the field. difficult and controversial question of Although the most significant activity in referred, "The Mechanism for Imple­ equal opportunity compliance within the De­ whether cigarette smoking is dangerous menting and Enforcing Title VI of the to health. But I have made up my mind. partment of Agriculture is currently being Civil Rights Act of 1964," has not been conducted by the Office of Inspector General, I am convinced that antismoking pres­ available to the Members of Congress and the effectiveness of this activity is limited by sure is dangerous to the health of this the public, I include it at this Point in the failure of agency administrators to re­ Congress. the RECORD: spond adequately to OIG audit and report I am not being flippant. The threat findings. The Office of Equal Opportunity of the constitutional lawmaking func­ THE , MECHANISM FOR IMPLEMENTING AND must have the authority to direct that ENFORCING TITLE VI OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS necessary corrective action, based on OIG tion of this body is real. It is particu­ ACT OF 1964 larly galling that it comes from two findings, be implemented within agencies of In the Winter of 1967-68, staff of the U.S. the Department. Furthermore, the activity regulatory agencies which are the very Commission on Civil Rights conducted in­ of the Inspector General does not relieve the creatures of Congress itself. terviews with officials of the Office of Assist­ Office of Equal Opportunity or the agencies Not content to wait for the House to ant to the Secretary for Civil Rights, the of the Department of their own compliance complete its decisionmaking, the Fed­ Office of Inspector General, the Office of reporting and review and program evalua­ General Oounsel, the Departmental Commit­ tion responsibilities. eral Trade Commission and the Federal tee on Program Review and Evaluation and Communications Commission have ten agencies of the Department of Agricul­ ORGANIZATION AND STAFFING served notice that they will act against ture who administer programs subject to Responsibility for Title VI implementation cigarette advertising. The FCC intends Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. and enforcement in the Department of Agri­ :to ban all cigarette advertising from The purpose of this efl'ort was to review culture resides in agencies of the Department May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13457 administering programs subject to that title.1 agents, in July 1966 Mr. Seabron initiated, rights enforcement as does the Department Coordination of the Department's Title VI staffed, and received approval for a Depart­ of Health, Education, and Welfare. All :funds efforts is the responsib111ty of the Assistant mental complaint procedure for extension for this activity come from the Secretary's to the Secretary for Civil Rights and a staff workers who felt they had been denied equal contingency budget. of eight persons. employment opportunity because of racial In July 1966, the Assistant to the Secretary discrimination. The procedure, although for Civil Rights submitted a proposed budget A. Assistant to the Secretary for Civil Rights signed by the Assistant Secretary for Admin­ for civil rights compliance and enforcement The position of Assistant to the Secretary istration, was withdrawn by Department offi­ activity. Coupled with the proposed activity for Civil Rights was created on January 22, cials upon the report of the Administrator of 'the Office of Plant and Operations, the 1965, and is filled by Mr. William M. Seabron. of the Federal Extension Service, who met Office of Inspector General, and the Office of Mr. Seabron is responsible for (1) assisting with the State officials in August, that the .Personnel ( and not including the compliance agency heads to develop and promulgate procedure would be resisted by the States. activity of the various agencies), the total policies which will result in compliance with Thereafte.r it was agreed that a committee need was estimated by the Office of Budget Title VI; (2) aiding in the implementation of the Association of Land-Grant College and Fina.nee to be $493,600-a 67 percent in­ of civil rights policies and (3) interpreting Presidents would work cooperatively with crease over the amount then expended for Federal policy, counseling and rendering the Department of Agriculture to develop a civil rights in the Department. In a Septem­ assistance and guidance to achieve reason­ procedure which the States would agree to. ber 30, 1966, memorandum from the Assistant able and consistent action.2 Such a procedure was anticipated by Jan­ Secretary for Administration, the following Mr. Seabron is the Secretary's staff repre­ uary 1967. It was not until January 1968, was stated: n sentative who coordinates and directs day-to­ following an opinion by the Department of "I believe that we are making a sad factual day activities relating to the implementation Justice supportive of Mr. Seabron's efforts, erro1 to ask for any additional funds in the of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.3 While agency that it was determined to push ahead on the Secretary's Office above the existing $295,000 administrators are responsible for implement­ promulgation of a .regulation establishing for civil rights work in 1968.... It is my ing and enforcing the Department's civil procedures which, in the main, were first firm opinion that if we attempt to secure ad­ rights policies and for measuring the effec­ suggested by Mr. Seabron 18 months before. ditional funds for this work at this time we tiveness of providing equal opportunity, Mr. In May, a proposed regulation was published will not only prevail, but that we will cause Seabron maintains review authority over all in the Federal Register. ourselves added miseries in other areas." proposed agency actions with civil rights im­ Not only is Mr. Seabron limited by the One can only speculate as to the specifics in pact so as to provide the Department uniform arbitrary response of agency administrators, the mind of the Assistant Secretary for Ad­ efficient and coordinated implementation.• he is limited, in practice, by the interposition ministration although it may be surmised Mr. Seabron has been delegated the au­ of other staff advisors to the Secretary.10 This that his position was undoubtedly related to thority to make determinations that com­ is illustratied by a remark of Mr. Seabron the well-known antipathy of certain Con­ pliance cannot be achieved by voluntary during Commission staff interviews to the gressional committee chairmen toward civil means and for taking or authorizing action effect that the only way he could be sure rights matters. Commission staff received the to achieve compliance by other means au­ that the Secretary sees something he (Mr. impression that this memorandum was suffi­ thorized by law as stated in 7 CFR 15.8 (a) Seabron) thinks is important is to hand­ cient to deter any future requests for fund­ and (d) .r. He is further delegated the au­ carry it to the Secretary's office because if ing sufficient to staff an adequate compliance thority to issue orders giving notice of op­ he sent it through the Department's mail program 1n the Department of Agriculture. portunity for hearing and to arrange for the system, "somebody else usually decides if the No attempt was made by Mr. Seabron to re­ designation of hearing examiners to preside Secretary should see it." introduce a request for expanded civil rights over proceedings.e He may also order pro­ These forces combine to isolate Mr. Sea­ compliance activity for FY 1968 or FY 1969. ceedings and hearings in the Department bron and insulate the Secretary from dealing D. Agency civil rights staffing of Agriculture ... consolidated for hearing effectively with the pressing problems of with proceedings of other Federal depart­ civil rights in the Department of Agriculture. Only one agency, the Agricultural Stab111- ments and agencies.7 zation and Conservation Service, had a full­ Mr. Seabron views his role as that of a B. Staff of the Assistant to the Secretary for time civil rights staff position at the time of coordinator but not as an implementer or Civil Rights - Commission staff interviews. Two other enforcer of Department policy. Department The Deputy to the Assistant to the Secre­ agencies, the Rural Electrification Adminis­ guidance is unclear on this point. Al though tary for Civil Rights, Mr. William W. Layton, tration and the Federal Extension Service, agency administrators are said to be respon­ is responsible primarily for equal employ­ were considering hiring full-time civil rights sible for implementing and enforcing the ment· opportunity and contract compliance specialists. A table reflecting USDA Agency Department's civil rights policy, Mr. Seabron matters. In the Title VI areas, there is a Title VI staffing is at Appendix C. has responsibility to coordinate and direct civil rights compliance officer, Mr. John W. Every agency has designated a "civll rights (emphasis supplied) the day-to-day activi­ Slusser, who directs the activity of a three­ coordinator" who serves as a contact point ties relating to the implementation of the man liaison office, staffed by equal opportu­ between the agency and the Office of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.8 Where agency ad­ nity specialists and a four-man field office of Assistant to the Secretary for Civil Rights ministrators fail to perform their duties rel­ field civil rights specialists (based in Wash­ but routine work in civil rights matters is ative to Title VI, as has been documented ington). At the time of Commission staff usually delegated to program staff having both by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights interviews, the liaison office was completely other duties. This arrangement often makes and the USDA Office of Inspector General,9 staffed and the field office had three of its the adequacy of an agency's civil rights con­ it is clear that the Secretary must provide four authorized positions filled. pliance effort dependent on the time staff the implementing and enforcing power for The liaison office maintains contact with assigned additional civil rights duties can the Department. This responsibil1ty should the various agencies of the Department. Each devote to civil rights matters. For example, be combined in the Secretary's clhief respon­ staff member is responsible for two or more the staff person for civil rights in the Forest sible official for the administration of Title agencies. The liaison office follows up on com­ Service, Mr. W. D. Giffen, impressed the Com­ VI matters. plaints involving the agencies and may con­ mission staff as exceptionally diligent in car­ Whereas execution and performance ulti­ duct reviews of the agency compliance re­ rying out his duties. To a large degree the mately must be expected from agency ad· view procedures. They do not perform any same opinion was obtained regarding the ministrators, the Secretary must have clear program evaluation function. The field office staff person for civil rights compliance in the authority to command that performance. maintains informal liaison with minority Rural Electrification Administration, Mr. The present arrangement, whereby the Sec­ groups, arranges for informational meetings Richard M. Hausler. retary's representative for civil rights mat­ at the local level, and attempts to resolve con­ Three agencies with programs of signlfl­ ters lacks the authority to command agency flicts or misunderstandings involving agency cant equal opportnity impact but without performa.nce, permits agency administrators programs. They do not perform· complaint full-time civil rights staff, the Federal Ex­ to weaken Department efforts to achieve a investigations or compliance reviews. They tension Service, the Consumer and Market­ unified and consistent approach to compli­ are not authorized to negotiate instances Clf ing Service, and the Farmers Home Admin­ ance. As evidence of this, Mr. Seabron's staff noncompliance uncovered in the course of istration, require the establishment of full­ cited occasions when their requests for ac­ their activities. time staffs for equal opportunity matters.12 The Commission questions if the most ef­ tion by an agency have been ignored alto­ E. The Office of the Inspector General gether. ficient use is being made of the civil rights An example of how one agency was able to compliance staff members. While granting The Office of Inspector General has re­ effectively thwart attempts to carry out an the desirability of liaison and good public re­ sponsibllity for the audit and complaint in­ equal opportunity matter concerns the ef­ lations, the limits placed upon the authority vestigation function in the Department.13 forts of Mr. Seabron to secure an equal em­ of these staff members ( as detailed above) (The activity of this Office 1s discussed 1n ployment opportunity procedure for em­ also limit their effectiveness in achieving greater detail under "Complaints" and ployees of the Cooperative Extension Service. compliance in agency programs. "Audits.") Acting in response to issues first raised by C. Budgeting for Civil Rights Compliance F. The Office of General Counsel the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights in its Activity The Director of the Research and Opera­ 1965 report which demonstrated inequality One measure of the priority assigned to tions Division of the Office of General Coun­ and segregation in salaries, assignments, fa­ civil rights enforcement is the amount of ~el, ~- Merwin W. Kaye, has primary re­ cilities, and services for Negro extension money Federal agencies allocate for that sponsibility for legal review and advice re- purpose. The Department of Agriculture has garding Departmental civil rights matters. Footnotes at end of article. no identifiable budget line item for civil In addition to providing advice on the legal 13458 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 22, 1969

sufficiency of Departmental policy and regu­ the Civil Service Commission.111 There was accepted at the time of Commission staff in­ lations relating to Title VI, Mr. Kaye also little evidence that this latter training expe­ terviews. No enforcement procedures against handles all legal aspects where noncompli­ rience had :filtered down to other agency per­ Louisiana had been undertaken, although ance results in notices of hearings. sonnel and no evidence that it had inspired the target date for compliance had been es­ Mr. Kaye has a staff' attorney who spends the development of an in-house civil rights tablished by the Administrator of FES as approximately three-fourths of his time on training program within the agencies. Reac­ December 31, 1965.22 Furthermore, an exam­ Title VI matteJ:'$. tion to the Civil Service tralnlng was mixed ination of a random selection of State plans G. Departmental Committee on Program Re­ with a common complaint being that such for compliance revealed that the Federal Ex­ view and Evaluation training rarely addressed itself to the specific tension Service accepted plans which, in problems encountered in agricultural pro­ the opinion of Commission staff, were patent­ The Departmental Oommlttee on Program grams. ly inadequate. Plans which were accepted Review and Evaluation has responsibillty for Two officials interviewed stated they felt lacked the degree of specificity that might assisting the agencies of the Department in that clvil rights training would be more ef­ reasonably assure that compliance was pos­ developing adequate systems of program fective if the background and duties of per­ sible. That such compliance was not achieved evaluation relating to minority group par­ sons attending were more similar. One agen­ was documented in an open meeting con­ ticipation in programs administered by the cy official (Farmers Home Administration) ducted by the Georgia State Advisory Com­ Department. (The activity of this commit­ stated he saw no need for civil rights train­ mission in Macon, Georgia, in May 1966.23 tee is discussed in greater detail under "Pro­ ing in his agency. Thus, the "plans for compliance" method for gram Evaluation.") On several occasions, officials indicated implementing Title VI has been rendered H. Citizens Advisory Committee on Civil that they considered meetings with staff virtually useless because it was not used ef­ Rights and State and local program people as train­ fectively, there was no consultation with the The Citizens Advisory Committee on Civil ing. An examination of the content of such chief civil rights officer of the Department, Rights was established in April 1965 to (1) meetings indicates that they were used pri­ and no meaningful followup action on non­ review Department policies and practices marily to communicate policy but did not compliance was instituted. which promote equality of opportunity; (2) provide training that would equip program COMPLAINTS people to relate to minority group problems advise the Secretary as to the effectiveness The Departmental complaint procedure on of program directives designed to achieve or to perform investigations and compliance reviews. (In this latter regard, Commission matters regarding civil rights calls for all compliance with Title VI; and (3) recom­ complaints to be referred to the Office of mend changes in Department regulations to staff found that the use of the Commission's Compliance Officer's Manual had been un­ Inspector General for investigation in a assure that Department practices are free of manner determined by the Inspector Gen­ racial discrimination.14 even. At least two agencies claimed that they eral. 24 Investigation reports are forwarded Commission staff did not interview any had never seen the manual.) Only one agency's instructions implement­ to the head of the agency concerned for de­ Committee member but did review minutes termination whether further proceedings are of several Committee meetings. The review ing Title VI specifically call for being in­ formed of State plans for providing staff warranted. An information copy of the report indicated that the Committee has made a goes to the Assistant to the Secretary for considerable number of recommendations to training in civil rlghts.11 A review of the plans for compliance submitted by three Olvil Rights. If differences of interpretation the Secretary for a more effective Depart­ of the findings occur between the Assistant ment policy regarding civil rights. Southern States (seleoted at random by the agency at the request of Commission staff) to the Secretary for Civil Rights and the I. Organization at field level indicated that only one of the State plans agency concerned, an attempt to resolve the No civil rights specialists are assigned at was responsive to this requirement.is difference is made in a joint meeting with the agency head, the Assistant Secretary re­ the field level of Department agencies. Pro­ Mr. Seabron indicated that the Depart­ gram staff' with other full time duties are ment has a training officer and that the sponsible for that agency, and the Assistant assigned to compliance review and liaison matter of a civil rights training program to the Secretary for Civil Rights. with State and local entitles for the imple­ had been discussed but that no training pro­ Commission staff reviewed a sampling of mentation and enforcement of Title VI. gram had been developed as a result. He OIG complaint investigation files and found While the number and variety of agricul­ stated that he would prefer that there be that, in general, complaints were thoroughly tural programs to be monitored undoubtedly centralized responsibility for civil rights investigated by Office of Inspector General necessitates the use of program people at training but that "you just don't get to staff. The complaint system falls, however, the field level for this function, the degree things like 'training' when you operate on when agency heads do not take appropriate to which this arrangement provides accurate a shoe string." action based on the findings of the investl­ and meaningful information on the state of ASSURANCES ga tion report. Investigation report T-603-20 was re­ civil rights compliance in the program ls Assurance forms used by the Department subject to question. First, the structure of viewed by Commission staff. The complaint of Agriculture generally follow the pattern was received in June 1966 alleging extensive compliance reporting and review mechanisms established by the Department of Health, does not provide a complete picture of com­ Education, and Welfare (Form 441B). Of noncompliance in the Texas State Coopera­ pliance or the lack of compliance. Second, tive Extension Service. A 35 page investiga­ over 7,500 assurances required, 165 incidences tion report, containing 16 exhibits, and in­ the competence of program people who are of refusal to file were still under negotiation untrained in reporting and review procedures volving 322¥2 man-hours of investigation and 33 filed but unacceptable assurances were and preparation, was completed in August and who may be insensitive to the complex­ still under negotiations as of the close of ities of minority group problems to perform 9 1966. An additional report involving 92%, the third quarter of 1967.1 Just why so many man-hours of investigation and preparation this activity ls far from acceptable. Third, cases are still considered "under negotiation" the practice of using program people who is probably a function of the fact that the was completed in October 1966. The Federal may have little interest in finding fault with Department of Agriculture has developed no Extension Service was not ready to advise their own or other programs to engage in the complainant until June 1967, almost policy guidelines specifying time limits for nine months after the investigation was self-criticism ls one whose results may be attempting to obtain voluntary compliance suspect. completed, that no Title VI violations had before enforcement action ls begun. It ls been found (although the investigation re­ An alternative to depending upon local notable that only one agency, the Rural Elec­ level program people for civll rights com­ port clearly indicated that, among other trification Administration, established target findings, segregation in 4-H Clubs was deter­ pliance review ls to employ civll rights spe­ dates for assurances to be filed.20 Also, there cialists, working under the direction of the mined) and that allegations involving dls­ ls an undoubted reluctance on the part oi crlmlnation in employment practices (also Department's Office of the Assistant to the the Department to proceed against noncom­ Secretary for Clvll Rights and possibly lo­ substantiated by the investigation report) pliance to the point of cutting off' funds. This were being referred to the State Extension cated at the regional offices of the Office of ls illustrated by the fact that the Depart­ Inspector General, who would have general ment has issued only six cut-off orders, all Director for resolution. The Assistant to the responsib111ty for monitoring and directing Secretary for Civil Rights took exception to in the Forest Service and all pursuant to the the proposed FES response, noting in par­ the Department's civil rights implementation lead of HEW.21 respons1b111ties in agricultural programs ticular the finding of segregated 4-H clubs. within the region. PLANS FOR COMPLIANCE In October, FES correspondence to the com­ In accordance with 7 CFR 15.4 (b), the plainant admitted that segregated 4-H Clubs TRAINING Department of Agriculture Title VI regula­ were found but rationalized that such segre­ The Department of Agriculture has no tions, the Federal Extension Service required gation merely reflected the racial composi­ overall formal training program for civil plans for compliance from 15 Southern tion of the community. The employment is­ rights. Furthermore, with the single excep­ States. This was the only agency to classify sues were completely avoided. tion of the Office of Inspector General, no its program as a "continuing State program" The failure of the agency of jurlsdlctlon to agency of the Department has a civil rights subject to the requirement of a plan for com­ act upon :findings of investigation reports, training program.16 Aside from the training pliance. This approach resulted in long, as noted in this example, supports the need activity of the Office of Inspector General, drawn out negotiations with the States. The for the Assistant to the Secretary for Civil an estimated 336 agricultural personnel are review and acceptance procedure for com­ Rights to have final review authority as to reported to have received tralnlng in civil pliance plans in the Federal Extension Serv­ findings in complaint investigations and the rights, almost all of which was conducted by ice did not call for review by the Office of the determination as to necessary action to be Assistant to the Secretary for Civil Rights. taken. Footnotes at end of article. One State's plan, Louisiana, was still not That complaints have effected change in May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13459 USDA agency policies is demonstrated by at the only form universally used is one to as­ 1n the third quarter of calendar year 1967, least two known exa.mp1es. In the Agricul­ certain the information on a.ssurances, re­ only 14 instances of ·noncompliance were tural Stabilization and Conservation Service ports, reviews, complaints and noncompli­ identified.29 This ratio of noncompliance a response to a complaint, outlining specific ance action required in the Department of found to compliance reviews conducted does procedures regarding community commit­ Justice Quarterly Title VI Report.21 not square with reports of investigation and 'teemen elections, was considered by the The Farmers Home Administration re­ audits conducted by the Office of Inspector Commission to be so informative that ASCS quires a monthly report on compliance to be General (see "Audits" later in this section on was persuaded to publish a pamphlet on the compiled by area supervisors, consolidated by compliance procedures) or with information subject specifically directed to minority the State Director and forwarded to the developed by the U.S. Commission on Civil group farm operators. Another complaint, Washington office. The report consists of a Rights during its investigations and State initiated in part by the Commission's field standardized form listing by race the num­ Advisory Committee meetings and thus staff in Memphis, Tennessee, regarding the ber of borrowers by category of loan, the raises serious doubts as to the adequacy of fact that the Farmers Home Administration number of applications made and the num­ the compliance review effort in the Depart­ tnsures recreation loans to segregated facil­ ber of loans made by category of loan.:?S ment. ities resulted in a Department of Justice ad­ The Consumer and Marketing Service re­ All Title VI agencies of the Department visory opinion that such loans are covered by quires a seven-item compliance report cover­ of Agriculture, except the Agricultural Re­ the nondiscrimination requirements of Title ing summer camps participating in com­ search Service, whose reviews are conducted VI. modity programs. This questionnaire obtains by the Department of Health, Education, While the process of reacting to individual racial breakdowns of attendance at the and Welfare under the HEW Coordination complaints is useful, this is not to say that camps. Ten of these questionnaires, selected Plan, have some sort of program of compli­ an agency's compliance porgram should be at random by C&MS officials at the request of ance review. based on a complaint-oriented procedure. Commission staff, were reviewed. Seven of Far too often agency staff who were inter­ The Cooperative State Research Service the ten indicated varying degrees of bi-racial has developed an eight-item compliance viewed indicated that their programs must attendance. C&MS does not have any compli­ 30 be in compliance "because we have not re­ ance reporting requirements on its major checklist for use by its Program Review ceived any complaints." Reacting solely to programs with equal opportunity implica­ Directors. The checklist covers such items complaints is no substitute for effective tions: School Lunch, Special Milk, Direct Dis­ as facil1ties, minority group participation, compliance review and program evaluation. tribution and Food Stamps. mailing lists, and information to minority groups. Four of these checklists, selected at COMPLIANCE REPORTS The Federal Extension Service has no com­ pliance reporting system currently in use. random, were provided Commission staff for The Department of Agriculture Title VI Quarterly progress reports on action taken in review. No noncompliance was indicated in Regulations state: States submitting plans for compliance were any of the checklists. "Each recipient shall keep such records The Rural Electrification Administration and submit to the agency timely, complete formerly required but were abandoned in 1966 in favor of a supplement to the State's provides a checklist of nondiscrimination and accurate compliance reports at such annual statistical report which would indi­ practices to be completed by its operations times, and in such form and containing in­ field representatives during their first visit formation, as the Agency may determine to cate the number of minority group persons participating in extension programs. This of the year made to each borrower.:n The be necessary to ascertain whether the recipi­ checklist consists of eleven "yes-no" ques­ ent has complied or is complying with the supplement provides no information which could be used to ascertain compliance. tions covering such areas as applications for regulations in this part." 25 membership, services rendered, facilities, A variety of reporting mechanisms are in Given the fact that the compliance report­ ing systems in use by USDA agencies provide and attendance at meetings. These check­ use by the agencies of the Department o! lists are reviewed in the area offices and for­ Agriculture. such little information on the state of com­ pliance in programs and the fact that there warded to Washington only if noncompli­ Four agencies-Agricultural Research Serv­ ance is indicated. Ten of these checklists ice, Cooperative State Research Service, is no systematic method for verifying the in­ formation provided, either the reporting sys­ were randomly selected for Commission Farmers Cooperative Service, and the Soil staff review. None of the checklists indi­ Conservation Service--have no compliance tems must be upgraded to the point that they can serve as a useful tool for assessing cated any noncompliance. reporting requirements whatsoever. The com­ The Farmer Cooperative Service has a six­ pliance activity of ARS is ostensibly covered compliance or they should be abandoned all item "yes-no" checklist 3!! which is completed under the HEW coordination plan for higher together. Quite likely a considerable saving of time, money and effort could be realized by the branch chief or project leader when­ education. Programs of SCS have significant ever advisory service to a cooperative is pro­ equal opportunity impact. FCS programs by dropping the requirement for compliance reporting and concentrating on establishing vided. The checklist covers such items as ap­ have significant implications for self-help plications, services, and meetings. Eight of development programs for low-income rural successful program statistical reports to be used in the program evaluation function. the checklists, randomly selected at the re­ residents. Programs of CSRS have no major quest of Commission staff were reviewed with civil rights impact. The latter approach, in conjunction with an expanded compliance review system, would negative results recorded on all eight. A re­ The Agricultural Stabilization and Con­ view of the FCS staff instruction No. 66, servation Service reports on the number of likely provide a more meaningful approach to measuring compliance in USDA programs. December 10, 1965, indicates that informa­ agreements made and the number of re­ tion on minority group membership, com­ cipients refusing to sign an agreement in COMPLIANCE REVIEW plaints, and notification to all members is the Cropland Conservation Program. There is The Department of Agriculture Title VI required in these reviews but these questions also a quarterly report of field reviews made Regulations provide: do not appear on the FCS form currently in which includes the number of agreements, As a normal part of the administration of use. any complaints received and any instances programs covered by the regulations in this The Agricultural Stabilization and Conser­ of noncompliance. These reports are obtained part, designated personnel will in their pro­ to fulfill Department requirements as part vation Service has an eleven question com­ gram reviews and other activities or as spe­ pliance review form on its Title VI program of a quarterly Title VI status report made cifically directed by the agency, review the ac­ to the Department of Justice. agreements.33 The questions are generally The Rural Electrification Administration tivities of the recipient to determine whether "yes-no" but explanations for "no" answers they are complying with the regulations in are required. Eleven of these forms were re­ requires an annual compliance report from 28 its borrowers (coperatives) consisting of this part. viewed by Commission staff with no indi­ eleven "yes-no" questions with explanations The compliance review function, if ade­ cation of noncompliance found. On one form quately constructed and properly carried out, required on all "no" answers.~6 The report there was an indication that the reviewer form includes items on services, facilities, should be the chief method whereby an had interviewed persons in addition to the applications for membership and the com­ agency informs itself as to the state of com­ primary recipient. On two forms Negroes munication by borrowers of a statement of a pliance in its programs. As conducted by the were referred to in the lower case (negroes). nondiscrimination policy to all members. Re­ agencies of the Department of Agriculture, ASCS instructions also provide for an an­ ports are filed with area offices and reviewed compliance reviews do not provide such nual review of cooperative marketing asso­ by REA field officials who conduct normal information. ciations.3~ There is no form in use but the liaison activity with borrower cooperatives. Compliance reviews are generally con­ guidelines indicate that reviewers are to ob­ Any report indicating noncompliance is auto­ ducted by program staff ( or in some cases, serve the facilities, examine records and matically forwarded to Washington. In addi­ State officials) who have not been trained question employees and patrons. Seventeen tion, reports are randomly spot checked by in compliance review techniques. On-site ob­ items are covered in the guidelines of which the directors of the electric and telephone servation and interviews, usually with other five relate to matters with equal opportunity divisions of REA. The usefulness of this re­ program staff of the recipient (but seldom implications. port was doubted by REA officials interviewed with minority group beneficiaries) are the The Forest Service incorporates compliance by Commission staff but subsequent to this chief methods for carrying out this func­ review into its elaborate inspection system.85 a request was made by REA to the Bureau of tion. Compliance review instruments are us­ The inspection guide covers such items as the Budget to extend use of the form for ually "yes-no" questionnaires lacking the assurances, equal employment opportunity, another year. specifity required for an accurate assessment general Title VI compliance, complaints, fa­ The Forest Service provides in its Manual of compliance. Records are seldom examined cilities, and minority group contracts. Five that compliance reports may be required but by reviewers. narrative reports covering general program Of 14,360 compliance reviews reported to reviews as well as reports from four reviews Footnotes at end of article. have been accomplished by USDA agencies of the cooperative forestry program and three 13460 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 22, 1969 land use permit reviews were reviewed by minority group participation in its programs several agencies.'2 These findings are 1n Commission staff. No noncompliance was in­ for 580 counties in 24 States where minorities sharp contrast to the picture of compliance dicated in any of the reports reviewed. constitute ten percent or more of the farm represented in other reporting activities of The Soil Conservation Service provides for operators. SCS also obtains information on the Department. only a minor amount of program review in minority group participation but only for The degree to which OIG audit findings accordance with its inspection guide. The Southeastern States and only for Negroes. have been used by the Department of Agri­ only reference to civil rights compliance re­ FHA makes extensive analysis of its loan pro­ culture to reorient its civil rights policies view in the Soil Conservation Service is listed grams by race of loan recipient, type of loan is questionable, since many of the findings under the heading of "productivity" and received, and amount of loan. The FHA of Phase I were found to be uncorrected in asks for a reference to "work with low in­ analyses have not yet compared such data by Phase II, a year later.43 This fact notwith­ come groups." 86 economic class or net worth, as was done in standing, however, it is apparent that the The Farmers Home Administration pro­ the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights 1966 Office of Inspector General, through its com­ vides for an annual compliance review of report, Equal Opportunity in Farm Programs, plaint investigation and audit activities, ls loan activity to be conducted by county but the FHA guidelines for loan analyses for the single most influential factor, both ac­ supervisors.a1 No format ls specified however. this year will include such comparisons. tually and potentially, in effecting change Reports of these reviews in three States were The compliance review systems in use by in the civil rights record of the Department. provided Commission staff for review but the the agencies of the Department of Agricul­ Their methodology may well serve as an ex­ reports were found to list only the case num­ ture are not serving the purpose of providing ample for other government agencies in bers reviewed with the simple notation that a meaningful measurement of compliance. testing the effectiveness of Federal govern­ no noncompliance was indicated. Pa.rt of this failure stems from the fact that ment civil rights policies and procedures. In the major programs of the Consumer untrained program staff (and in some cases -In 1965, a small unit within the Office of and Marketing Service subject to Title VI, state program staff) are used to perform Inspector General initiated a three phase, compliance review activity is largely per­ these reviews. Another failing of the com­ long range program, to assess the status formed by personnel of the State agency ad­ pliance review function results from the of equal opportunity in Departmental pro­ ministering consumer food programs. A com­ inadequacy of the instruments used and the grams. Phases I (Title VI and contract com­ pliance review checklist of seven questions inadequacy of methods used. Meaningful pliance activities in eight agencies and of­ was suggested by C&MS for State use but measurement of compliance cannot, as a fices at the Washington level) and II (Title the States have generally incorporated the rule, be obtained by asking questions that VI and contract compliance activities and questions into their overall program reviews can be checked either "yes" or "no" on a equal employment opportunity in approxi­ as they saw fit. This situation ca.used the form. Questions of "how," "why," "where,'' mately 135 offices of seven to eight agencies Office of Inspector General, in its Phase II "who" "when" and "how many" must be at the field level) have been completed. Phase audit, to recommend that C&MS require the asked as follow-up. Similarly, objective as­ III, to be completed in calendar year 1968, performance of more uniform and compre­ sessments of compliance cannot be obtained involves the preparation of a civil rights hensive NSL (National School Lunch) com­ by limiting the review to interviews of pro­ guide for audits which are performed a.t field pliance reviews by State agencies by requir­ gram staff. Interviews of minority group em­ levels. The guide is being incorporated into ing CEPDO's (Commodity Food Program ployees and beneficiaries must be conducted. regular program audits to insure that equal District Offices) to review and approve re­ Visual observations must be made. Economic opportunity matters are covered in ea.ch of view guidelines developed by the State and social data must be collected. Program some 5,000 program audits performed annu­ agencies.88 records must be examined. Finally, the ally. A preliminary review of the audit guide In the details of the OIG Audit the con­ quantitative and qualitative level of com­ by Commission staff indicates that the audit clusion was reached that "management and pliance review desired cannot be obtained guide will be a significant step in assessing operating officials of Consumer and Mark­ unless overall agency guidelines for compli­ the status of equal opportunity in Depart­ eting Service (C&MS) did not have an ade­ ance review are developed and Departmental ment programs. quate means for determining whether dis­ policy ls coordinated. Especially needed are In addition to the phased audits of civil crimination was taking place in the con­ guidelines specifying the use of compliance rights mentioned above, the Office of In­ duct of the National School Lunch (NSL) reviews and the enforcement actions that will spector General has completed a special audit Program." While the observations above re­ fl.ow from situations where noncompliance late only to the School Lunch Program, ls indicated. of the activities of six of the State Cooper­ ative Extension Services. This audit, cover­ Commission staff believe the same is equally AUDITS true for the other consumer food programs ing 77 counties, revealed substantial noncom­ The Office of Inspector General performs pliance in extension programs. administered by C&MS. The OIG audit went all audit and investigative activities of the on to say that "information contained in the Department. The purpose of this activity ls PROGRAM EVALUATION State agency compliance reviews lacked depth to provide the Secretary with independent &; interpreted by the U.S. Commission on in coverage and were not uniform in scope" and objective examinations of the Depart­ Oivdl Rights, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act and that C&MS guidelines did not prescribe ment's programs to assure him that exist­ of 1964 pla.ces a specie.I obligation upon Fed­ techniques that would provide management ing laws, policies, and programs are effec­ eral program administrators to be informed officials with needed civil rights informa­ tively complied with. about the continuing impact of their pro­ tion.39 Audit findings are referred to agency of­ g.rams upon minority group recipients. This The Federal Extension Service has no sys­ may be referred to as "program evaluation." tem for overall continuing compliance re­ ficials responsible for the agency's civil rights functions. They are discussed with In its 1965 report, Equal Opportunity in view. A random sampling review of approxi­ Farm Programs, the U.S. Oomm.tssion on Clvll mately 60 counties each was performed by the - agency and the agency's response is usually noted in the audit report. The RigM.s recommended that the Department FES Washington staff in 1965 and 1966. Al­ of Agl"iouLture "establish methods for re­ though the review was rather extensive, the agency's actions in response are also reported to the Office of Inspector General. Discrep­ view and eva.luatlon of the implementation of Office of Inspector General Audit of the equal opportunity policy." Federal Extension Service remarked of the ancies noted in an audit becomes items for Fiscal Year 1966 reports ... the reviews were special review in the next scheduled audit. Departmental committee on program review not as meaningful as they could have been The term "audit" may be considered and evaluation because information was obtained princi­ synonymous with "compliance review" when As a. partla.l response to the Commlsslon pally through interviews with CES (Coopera­ considered as a function except that in prac­ reoommendat1.on a five-man Departmental tive Extension Service) employees. The re­ tice the audits conducted by the Office of Committee on Program Review and Evalua­ views did not contain independent ·verifi­ Inspector General are more thorough than tion was established in April 1965 to provide cations of the information received through the compliance reviews preformed by the continuing review and evaluation of Depa.rt. interviews, and no independent evaluation USDA agencies. The Inspector General, Mr. ment progr:a.m.s t.o assure that these programs was made of the extent of compliance witb Lester P. Condon, stated very forcefully to are efficiently accomplishing the objectives the Civil Rights Act of 1964.'° Commission staff his belief that the investi­ of Congress on a completely nondiscrimina­ The Administrator of the Federal Exten­ gative and auditing (review) functions tory basis.« sion Service, when interviewed by Commis­ should be separated from the interpretative Membership of the Oommlttee was drawn sion staff, stated that no return visits had and enforcement functions. This was inter­ from Depaa-,tmenta.J. staff already having other been made to counties where noncompliance preted by Commission staff as referring to full time duties. Thus the ca,pac!ty of the was indicated to see if conditions found in the specific activities of the OIG. But as a Committee to fulfill its responsibillties was the reviews had been corrected. He also stated general principle, unless there are large in­ severely Llm1rted from the outset. Fur:ther­ that the Office of Inspector General audits creases 1n the civil rights staffing within more, a.s viewed by the chairman, the Com­ now contained reviews of civil rights mat­ the Department of Agriculture--a. doubtful mittee was not in a position to ctirect action ters and that "this is our method of seeing prospect--complia.nce reviews will probably by the agencies but could only serve to edu­ how progress is getting along." 41 continue to be performed in large part by cate a.nd stimulate the agencies as to the The lack of adequate compliance review the agencies themselves. The inadequacy of kinds of data that should be obtained for machinery in the ASCS, FHA, and SCS is the present system of compliance review effective program evaluation. partially offset by procedures for obtaining used by the agencies has already been com­ Despite these Llmd.,t-a.t1.ons, the Commit.tee statistical data. regarding minority group mented on in the previous section. was able to meet on 40 occasions with the participation. ASCS obtains information on Civil rights audits conducted so far by agen-oies of the Department and review the OIG have demonstrated extensive noncom­ existing data collection systems. The Com­ Footnotes a.t end of article. pliance and overall program weaknesses 1n mittee neither devised agency systems or May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13461 evaluated the information obtained through Whether program evaluation is conducted uation with the overall programing and plan­ them other than to comment on the adequacy entirely by the agencies themselves, by the ning function of the Department. of the measurements used. Office of the Assistant to the Secretary for Finding.-No effective program for civil Program evaluation in Department of Civil Rights, or by both together, the Assist­ rights training of agency program staffs and Agriculture agencies ant to the Secretary for Civil Rights must employees of agriculture programs at the have some mechanism to inform himself re­ state and local level exists in the Department The Department of Agriculture has no garding the impact of agency programs on of Agriculture. As a result, agency adininis­ overall policy on the collection of racial data. minority groups. trators and program personnel are not suffl­ Program statistics are not shared on a rou­ FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS clently informed of equal opportunity poli­ tine basis with the Office of the Assistant to cies and are not equipped to implement and the Secretary for Civil Rights. Finding.-The organization, staffing, and enforce these policies. As a further result, The state of racial data collection for pur­ assignment of the equal opportunity func­ communication with Ininority group recipi­ poses of program evaluation varies among tion in the Department of Agriculture as ents ls poor or non-existent. agencies of the Department. The Chairman presently constructed does not provide the Recommendation.-Establish a unit in the of the Departmental Committee on Program most effective implementation and enforce­ Office of Equal Opportunity to develop train­ Review and Evaluation stated that the sys­ ment of Federal and departmental equal op­ ing programs in equal opportunity to be im­ tems developed by the Soll Conservation portunity policies and regulations. plemented in the Department of Airiculture Service and the Federal Crop Insurance Recommendations.-Establish an Office of and at the State and local levels. Adequate Corporation (a non-Title VI agency) were Equal Opportunity 1 under the Secretary training programs must include: considered to be the most effective that had with responsibility for and authority to co­ a. full understanding of Federal equal op­ been developed to date.'6 Conversely, the data ordinate, implement and enforce Federal and portunity laws and policies. collection systems of two Title VI agencies, Departmental equal opportunity policies and b. techniques for implementing and en­ the Consumer and Marketing Service and the regulations. Such responsibility and author­ forcing equal opportunity functions. Federal Extension Service, were considered ity should include the power to command c. intergroup relations training to enable the ones which required the most improve­ agency performance in the areas of: program staff to communicate with and un­ ment. This judgment was shared by the As­ a. Program review and evaluation. derstand the problems and needs of Ininority sistant to the Secretary for Civil Rights. b. Resolution of complaint investigation groups. The Consumer and Marketing Service, findings and corrective action. Finding.-Compliance reporting and review which administers the consumer food pro­ c. Compliance reporting and review. methods presently in use do not adequately grams of the Department subject to Title d. Training to accomplish Departmental inform the Department of Agriculture as to VI (School Lunch, Special Milk, Food equal opportunity responsib111ties. the state of equal opportunity compliance in Stamps, and Direct Distribution), collec~ The Office of Equal Opportunity should its programs. no racial participation data whatsoever. This combine within it the functions of: Recommendations.-Develop adequate has prevented any program evaluation from a. Title VI. methods for assessing equal opportunity being accomplished in the past. At the time b. Direct Federal Programs. compliance. Adequate methods include: of commission staff interviews, there were c. Federal Employment. a. quantitative measurements of minority plans to conduct a School Lunch survey in d. Federal Contract Compliance. group participation in program benefits. This cooperation with the Bureau of the Census The Office of Equal Opportunity should di- requires that "yes-no" questionnaires for but subsequent inquiry by Commission staff rect and coordinate the following functions: compliance reporting be replaced where pos­ determined that no racial participation data. a. Program evaluation. sible with measurements of "how many," was originally contemplated for the survey. b. Compliance reporting. "where," "when,'' and "how." At the urging of the Commission and the c. Compliance review. b. on-the-spot field reviews incorporating Bureau of the Budget racial data reporting d. Follow up on complaint investigations thorough "across the board" program meas­ requirements were added to survey. Also and audits to insure that corrective action urements and contacts with Ininority group during Commission interviews it was learned is taken. recipients. that a requirement for racial participation e. Equal opportunity training. c. independent field reviews by the staff data was being considered as an addition to A full-time equal opportunity staff should of the Office of Equal Opportunity. annual reports on food programs ma.de to be allocated to each of the following agencies: Finding.-Although the most signlfl.ca.nt C&MS by the States. As of this date, how­ a. Federal Extension Service. activity in equal opportunity compliance ever, no reporting form incorporating these b. Consumer and Marketing Service. within the Department of Agriculture ls cur­ requirements, has been approved for use. c. Farmers Home Administration. rently being conducted by the office of In­ The Federal Extension Service has col· d. Agricultural Stabilization and Conserva­ spector General, the effectiveness of this ac­ lected certain racial data in the past but it tion Service. tivity ls 11Inited by the failure of agency was in such form as to make meaningful A full time staff person should be allocated administrators to respond adequately to OIO program evaluation extremely difficult. The to the following agencies: audit and report findings. a. Forest Service. data collection system in use, which was not Recommendations.-Require that adequate approved by the Departmental Committee on b. Soil Conservation Service. correct! ve action be taken in response to OIG Program Review and Evaluation or the As­ c. Rural Electrification Administration. findings. The Office for Equal Opportunity sistant to the Secretary for Civil Rights, d. Farmers Cooperative Service. should be given authority to determine the F i nding.-The does not permit any determinations of non­ Department of Agriculture sufflclency of action taken. In no event discriminatory service or provide information does not uniformly conduct evaluations should OIO activities be deemed to relieve on a county basis. In short, it cannot serve which meaningfully measure the relative the Office of Equal Opportunity or the agen­ as an effective tool for pinpointing program impact and benefits of agriculture programs cies concerned from their compliance report­ deficiencies. and services upon potential and actual ing, compliance reyiew or program evaluation A divergence of opinion exists among minority group program participants. responsib1llt1es. USDA officials as to who should be responsi­ Recommendations.-Establlsh a program ble for the overall control and direction of evaluation unit in the Office of Equal Oppor­ APPENDIX A the program evaluation function within the tunity to provide independent measurements PROGRAMS OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OJ' Department. Up to now, the Assistant to the of equal opportunity. AGRICULTURE SUBJECT TO TITLE VI OF THE secretary for Civil Rights has depended on Require all agencies to collect racial and CIVIL RIGHTS AC'I' OF 1964 • the Departmental Committee for assessing ethnic program participation data sufficient the character of agency program evaluation to measure: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE efforts. The Departmental Committee does a. Federal and non-Federal employment in Grants for Research. not, however, conduct program evaluation. agriculture programs down to and including AGRICULTURAL STABILIZATION AND What little program evaluation ls accom­ county units. CONSERVATION SERVICE plished is done within the agencies. The b. Minority group membership and char­ acteristics of members on elected and appoin­ Cropland Conversion Program. Office of the Assistant to the Secretary for Cropland Adjustment Program. Civil Rights conducts no systematic program tive committees and other bodies which govern, administer or serve in an advisory Appalachian Land Stabilization & Conser- evaluation of its own. One agency official, the vation Program. {\dminlstrat.or of the Federal Extension Serv­ capacity to agricultural and agriculture­ related programs. Price Support--Gum Naval Stores. ice, indicated his preference for retaining Price Support-Peanuts. program evaluation responsib111ty within the c. Minority group participation and the basis of their participation in the services Price Support-Tobacco. agencies, stating, "you can't separate pro­ Price Support-Tung 011. gram administration from civil rights evalu­ and benefits of agricultural and agriculture­ related programs. Cooperative Marketing Associations (tung ation." The Chairman of the Departmental oil, dry beans, honey, rice, soy beans, and Committee on Program Review and Evalua­ d. Socio-economic characteristics of Ininor­ cotton). tion stated that he did not consider the ity groups who are recipients or potential Committee system as being satisfactory, recipients of benefits (so as to relate relative COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH SERVICE especially with relation to Title VI, and that need for services to services provided). Hatch Act. he hoped another method could be devised. e. Rates of progress and relative impact of Cooperative Forestry Research. programs on minority groups. Research Facilities. Footnotes at end of article. Integrate equal opportunity program eval- Basic Research. 13462 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 22, 1969 CONSUMER AND MARKETING SERVICE than 9,000 of these youth attended clubs not participate proportionately to white chil­ School Lunch. with members of another race and that of dren. A 1964 USDA survey of the School Special Milk. the latter numbel", only-406 were Negro. Lunch program in Cambridge, Maryland, re­ Director Distribution. FARMERS HOME ADMINISTRATION vealed that 46 percent of white children but Food Stamp. The Farmers Home Administration pro­ only 19 percent of the Negro children were Matching Funds. vides loans, grants, and management assist­ participating in the lunch program. FARMERS COOPERATIVE SERVICE ance to farmers to operate, purchase and de­ AGRICULTURAL STABILIZATION AND Cooperatives. velop farms and to farmers and rural resi­ CONSERVATION SERVICE dents and groups to build, buy and improve FARMERS HOME ADMINISTRATION The Agricultural Stabilization and Con­ homes, to develop recreational fac111ties and servation Service administers the price sup­ Soil and Water Loans. community water systems, and to develop and port and production adjustment programs Senior Citizens• Rental Housing Loans. carry out rural conservation and development of the Department of Agriculture. Price sup­ Farm Ownership Loans-Recreation. projects. The Farmers Home Administration port programs alone account for an estimated Operating Loans-Recreation. also administers an OEO-delegated program $3.2 billion (Fiscal Year 1969), the major Rural Renewal Loans. of small loans to low-income farmers and portion of the Department's budget. Pro­ Watershed Loans. rural residents for the development of enter­ grams under these categories are not covered Economic Opportunity Loans to Coopera­ prises to increase their income. by Title VI, however. Only four relatively tive. Not all FHA loan programs, especially those minor programs, with an estimated net ex­ Resource Conservation and Development having the greatest impact on the economic penditure in Fiscal Year 1968 of $161 Inil­ Loans. standing of farmers and rural residents, are lion are covered by Title VI. These are: Labor Housing Grants. covered by Title VI since they involve direct a. loans to producer associations (21 pri­ FEDERAL EXTENSION SERVICE loans to individuals. In all, 11 programs, in­ mary recipients); State Extension Services. volving a FY 1968 appropriation of over $155 b. loans to cooperative marketing associa­ Inillion, of the Farmers Home Administration tions (25 recipients); FOREST SERVICE are subject to Title VI. The total FHA loan c. cropland conversion and cropland ad­ Revenue Sharing Payments. disbursements for FY 1969 are estimated to justment (by which landowners are encour­ Cooperative State Forestry. be $1.4 billion alone, thus it can be seen that aged to convert their land to other uses. Research. the major funding programs of FHA are not There ls no money for these programs this National Forest Administration. covered by Tl tle VI. year); and Major FHA programs covered by Title VI d. disaster assistance (whereby surplus RURAL ELECTRIFICATION ADMINISTRATION include: Loans to Telephone and Electric Com­ feed may be made available to relieve acute a. loans for soil and water conservation and distress in disaster areas. This is not an panies. the development of recreational facllities; SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE active program). b. loans for senior citizen rental housing in There are few opportunities for noncom­ Soil & Water Conservation Districts. rural areas; pliance in any of these programs. Sponsoring Organization-Watershed Pro- c. loans to public bodies for the redevelop­ tection. ment of rural areas; and RURAL ELECTRIFICATION ADMINISTRATION Watershed Project Agreements. d. loans to cooperatives. The Rural Electrification Administration Work Plan Agreements. The chief opportunities for discrimination provides low interest rate (2 percent), long Work Plan Amendments. in FHA Title VI programs are in the types term (up to 35 years) loans to cooperatives Sponsoring Organizations--Sub-watershed and amounts of loans made to Ininority group to finance and improve electric and telephone Projects. borrowers and in the level of technical as­ service in rural areas. The Fiscal Year 1968 Work Plan Agreements. sistance which they receive. Furthermore, estimated expenditure for these programs Work Plan Amendments. loans for facilities may go to segregated was $435 million. The electrification program, Sponsoring Organizations-Resource Con­ groups for segregated services or where there begun in 1935, has enabled the provision of servation and Development. are limited opportunities for minority group electric service to 98 percent of the farms in Work Plan Agreements. participation. America with approximately 6.6 million con­ CONSUMER AND MARKETING SERVICE sumers being served. The telephone program, APPENDIX B begun in 1949, has enabled the extension of The Consumer and Marketing Service ad­ telephone service to 79 percent of the farms MAJOR TITLE VI PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS OF ministers four consumer food programs (Spe­ AGENCIES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICUL­ in America with over 2~ Inillion subscribers cial Milk, School Lunch, Food Stamps and being served. TURE AND THEm PRINCIPAL PROBLEM AREAS Direct Distribution) and one matching fund REGARDING EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY Opportunities for discrimination in servJcP program (for State departments to carry out and cooperative memberships are present in FEDERAL EXTENSION SERVICE marketing service programs) which are sub­ these programs but REA officials indicated The Federal Extension Service administers ject to Title VI. The FY 1969 request for the that this does not seem to be a problem at the program of cooperative extension work consumer food programs is approximately present. Their inain concern is the low level whereby funds, matched by State and local $750 million and the request for the match­ of minority group employment and minority contributions, are distributed to the States ing fund program is $1.7 million. group representation among cooperative to assist in providing out-of-school educa­ Fiscal Year 1969 obligation for the Special boards of directors. This, however, is not tion in the fields of agriculture, home eco­ Milk program are estimated to be $104 mil­ reached by Title VI requirements. noinics, and related subjects to farm and lion to reimburse States for over 3 billion rural residents. Funds are used primarily for half pints of milk to be provided to schools, FOREST SERVICE the employment of approximately 15,000 camps, and institutions. Fiscal Year 1969 The Forest Service conducts four major State and county extension workers who obligations for the School Lunch program programs subject to Title VI: work with rural families by providing them are estimated to be $249 million to assist a. National Forestry Administration-land information and assistance in the applica­ States in providing approximately 3.5 billion use permits to States and public and private tion of methods in production, marketing, lunches to an estimated 20 million school organizations for recreational and other pur­ and fainily living. children in approximately 74,000 schools p11.r­ poses; The Fiscal Year 1968 appropriation for ex­ ticipating in the program. For Fiscal Year b. Cooperative Forestry-matching funds tension work was nearly $97 million. Of this 1969 $225 mlllion in obligations ls estimated and technical assistance to States for fl.re figure, $90 million was apportioned to the for the Food Stamp Program and $168 Inil­ control, seeding and tree planting; States. This latter amount accounts for ap­ lion in obligations ls estimated for the Direct c. Research grants-to institutions of proximately 36 percent of all funds expended Distribution Program. Together, these two higher learning for cooperative research in for extension work. programs reached an estimated 6.1 million forestry; and Of all agricultural programs, discr1Inina­ persons in approximately 2,400 counties in d. Revenue Sharing-25 percent of the tlon ls most prevalent in extension work. July 1968. gross receipts from national forests are re­ Segregated service and work assignments, Opportunities for discrimination in these turned to States and counties for use on segregated 4-H and home economic clubs, programs include service to segregated schools and roads. and unequal employment opportunities are schools,~ camps and institutions and failure These programs had an appropriation of still widespread. For example, the Commis­ to include all eligible minority recipients. In over $66 million in Fiscal Year 1968. Oppor­ sion's Georgia State Advisory Committee in addition, available evidence indicates dif­ tunities for noncompliance are limited a 1967 report entitled Equal Opportunity in ferentials exist in program. benefits. For ex­ mainly to the revenue sharing program. Federally Assisted Agricultural Programs in ample, many counties who do not have com­ where school recipients are not in compllance Georgia, determined that Negro extension modity distribution and Food Stamp pro­ with HEW desegregation requirements and workers are generally llinited to working only grams have high minority group populations. the national forest program where la.nd use with Negro rural residents and are univer­ In the fall of 1966, 26 of the 35 counties in permits may go to segregated groups or or­ sally subordinated to white workers. The Alabama which had no food programs had ganizations. As of the third quarter of cal­ Committee found that of over 150,000 rural Negro populations above the State average. endar year 1967 there had been seven refusals youth enrolled in 4-H Clubs in Georgia, less In schools with lunch programs, Negroes do to fl.le an assurance and 30 unacceptable as- May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13463 surance forms in the revenue sharing pro­ d. Conserve. tion Technical Assistance-­ for conducting basic scientific research. Com­ gram received by the Forest Service. In the technical assistance, other than surveys, for pliance review for colleges and universities National Forest program there had been 18 the installation of practices to conserve and is covered by the HEW Title VI Coordination refusals to file an assurance. All such recip­ deveJ.op soil and water resources. Plan for Higher Education. ients had been noticed for hearing. With the A total of $193 million was appropriated Obligated expenditures for Fiscal Year 1967 exception of the Consumer and Marketing for these programs in Fiscal Year 1968. amounted to $3 million. Service, no other agency of the Department Opportunities for discrimination in Soil COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH SERVICE had advanced as far in the enforcement Conservation Service programs reside mainly The Cooperative State Research Service stage. in the amount and quality of technical as­ administers four grant programs for research son. CONSERVATION SERVICE sistance provided to minority group operat­ in agriculture, agricultural marketing, rural The Soil Conservation Service administers ing units, equality of benefits derived from life, and cooperative forestry research. Re­ the national soil and water conservation pro­ projects, and minority group representation search ls conducted at State agricultural ex­ grams of the Department of Agriculture. on decision-making bodies (soil conservation periment stations. Technical assistance in the form of soil sur­ district boards). The Fiscal Year 1968 appropriation for veys and planning is provided to land owners FARMER COOPERATIVE SERVICE these programs was $62 million. and operators in nearly 3,000 son conserva­ The Farmer Cooperative Service, one of the Opportunity for discrimination occurs re­ tion districts in the United States and smaller agencies in the Department of Agri­ garding access to facilities on field days territories. culture, provides technical assistance for the when groups meet at the experiment sta­ Four programs administered by the Soll development and operation of rural coopera­ tions for demonstrations of research results. Conservation Service are subject to Title VI tives. It also conducts research and pub­ Composition of visiting groups is usually de­ coverage. They are: lishes its results as a service to cooperatives. termined by the county extension agent. a. Watershed Protection-financial and The fiscal year 1968 appropriation for these FOREIGN AGRICULTURAL SERVICE other assistance to States and local organi­ activities was $1.3 million. zations for the installation of works of im­ The Foreign Agricultural Service conducts Very little opportunity for discrimination one program, Foreign Market Development provement in flood prevention; exists in the Farmer cooperative Service pro­ b. Flood Prevention-the same, except projects, subject to Title VI. This program gram except as regards the amount and attempts to develop new markets for United work is accomplished through Feder.al con­ quality of technical assistance provided to tracts; States agricultural commodities by making developing cooperatives With significant mi­ available foreign currencies derived from c. Resource Conservation and Develop­ nority group memberships. ment-planning and technical assistance to sales of United States surplus commodities St.ates and public bodies for developing pro­ AGRICULTURE RESEARCH SERVICE abroad. grams of land conservation and utilization; The Agrlculture Research Service provides This program was not included in the and grants to colleges and nonprofit institutions Title VI survey.

APPENDIX C.-USDA AGENCY STAFFING FOR TITLE VI MATTERS, FISCAL YEAR 1968 APPENDIX 0.-NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL PERSONNEL RECEIVING CIVIL RIGHTS TRAINING THROUGH DEC. 31 [Key: (a) full time; (b) less than full time but more than Ml time; (c) less than ~ time but more than U time) 1967

Washington Field Washington Field Agency t (a) (b) (c) Total (a) (b) (c) Total ARS ______---- ______0 ARS ______----______7 - 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ASCS& M.S______------_-___- - ASCS ______---______0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 c. 6 5 0 4 CSRSc. & ______M.S ____ ------______0 0 (2) (2) 0 0 0 0 CSRS _____ ------0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FCS ______------1 ------13 FCS ______------·------0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FHA ______------3 (3) 3 FHAFES ______------__ -___- - 0 0 (31 0 0 0 0 FES __ ------32 4 0 6 0 0 0 0 FS _____ ------18 2 56 2186 REAFS ______------_- ______------0 1 0 1 0 0 (4) (4) scsREA ______-- ______------scs ______0 0 (1) (5) 0 0 0 0 (3) (1) 0 1 0 1 0 0 (0) (0) Tota'------___ 93 243 TotaL _---- ______4 2 2 8

I Civil rights sensitizing training to an undetermined number I Does not include Office of Assistant to the Secretary for Civil Rights, Office of Inspector General, Office of General Counsel, or of regional personnel conducted by ASCS officials. . . Departmental Committee on Program Re view and Evaluation. 2 50 of District of Columbia staff and 180 of field staff part1c1- 2 C. & M.S. states that there is no separate staff for title VI work but estimates 33 man-years are spent on title VI responsibilities pated in administrative conference tor field employees in 3 with no person spending more than ~ their time. different sessions conducted by REA officials. . a Soil Conservation Service reports attendin_g various C~C I FHA states that no employee spends more than U of his time on title VI at either level. • Forest Service states that none of their employees in the field spend more than one quarter of his time on title VI. training sessions but they were unable to provide any specific I REA reports that no individual in REA spends more than U of his time on title VI. information on numbers of staff involved. o SCS states that all expenditures of time on title VI matters at the State level is less than U time. 1 person spent more than Ml on title VI in fiscal year 1967.

APPENDIX E.-USDA AGENCY TITLE VI COMPLAINTS ANO RESULTANT ACTION, JAN. 1, 1965-JUNE 30, 1967

Jan. l, 1965-June 30, 1966 July 1, 1966-June 30, 1967 Found Found Found in out of Still Hearing Compliance Found in out of Still Hearing Compliance Agency Complaints compliance compliance negotiating noticed achieved Corn plaints compliance compliance negotiating noticed achieved

ARS ___ ------0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ASCS ___ ------__ ------0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C. & M.S ------54 41 13 0 0 13 18 16 2 0 0 CSRS_ ------__ ------0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FCS ______------_- _------0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FHA_ -- _------0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FS ______--- _-- - _------0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 FES _____ ------______--- __ ----- 26 18 1 7 0 0 6 2 0 4 0 0 scsREA ______-______------.----- 4 0 0 0 0 2 (l) 0 0 0 l 0 (6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Totat _____ ------_------84 59 14 13 26 1g 3

I Complainant did not respond to request for further information. No investigation performed.

APPENDIX F discussion piece to suggest the size and 68 professional and 39 clerical. (See Table A MODEL OFFICE OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN funding for an office necessary to carry out 1; figure 1 not printed in REcoRD). The es­ THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGJUCULTURB the equal opportunity requirements of the timated cost for personnel, travel, and op­ The folloWing is a model for an Office of Department. erations and maintenance of $1.48 million Equal Opportunity 1n the U.S. Department The model envisages an Office of Equal Op­ (See Table 2). of Agriculture. It ls intended solely as a portunity of approximately 107 personnel- The model envisages three sections: Fed- 13464 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 22, 1969 eral employment contract compliance, and The liaison and review branch would have E. Marshall Newton, Assistant Adminis­ equal opportunity compliance. The equal specialists assigned to work with agencies trator (Management). opportunity compliance section envisages having major equal opportunity impact in Claude Prichard, Chief, Employee Rela­ four branches: training, evaluation, liaison their programs. Staff in this branch would tions and Development Branch. and review, and field offices. be combined with evaluation staff as neces­ Donald D. Oberle, Program Analysis Officer. Seven field offices are projected. The pur­ sary to accomplish team reviews. FOREST SERVICE pose of such field offices would be to coordi­ The program evaluation branch would nate the equal opportunity compliance pro­ E. M. Bacon, Deputy Chief, State and Pri­ have specialists who examine program sta­ vate Forestry. gram of all Department of Agriculture pro­ tistics to measure the impact of agricul­ grams in the States within the regions. Arthur R. Spillers, Associate Deputy, State tural programs on minority group partici­ and Private Forestry. Such offices could be located in the same pants. Staff in this branch would be com­ space as the present Office of Inspector W. Duncan Giffen, Directives Manage­ General regional offices for convenience bined with liaison and review staff to ac­ ment. and to facilitate access to OIG investi­ complish team reviews. RURAL ELECTRIFICATION ADMINISTRATION gation and audit findings. Larger staffs The training branch would have special­ Richard M. Hausler, Deputy Administrator. would be assigned to regions where greater ists who develop and conduct equal oppor­ Gordon R. Messmer, Chief, Distribution equal opportunity problems exist. tunity training programs in the Department. Engineering Branch, Electric Program. Raymond W. Lynn, Director, Telephone TABLE 1.-0FFICE OF EQUAL OPPORTUNITY, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-STAFF SUMMARY Engineering and Operations Division, Tele­ phone Program. Clerical Professional Arnold Winokur, Office of General Counsel. Grade Number Grade Number SOIL CONSERVATION SERVICE William R. Van Dersal, Deputy Adminis­ trator (Management). Director, Office of Equal Opportunity ______GS-11 ------GS-18 ------GS-17 Ralph C. Wright, Assistant Director, Ad­ Deputy Director__ ___ ------~t~l ministrative Service Division. Assistant Director, Equal Opportunity Compliance ______GS-8 ------GS- 16 Verna C. Mohagen, Director, Personnel Di­ Assistant Director, Federal Employment______.______GS-7 ------GS-15 vision. Assistant Director, Contract Compliance ______GS-7 ------GS-15 Deputy Assistant Direc~or, Equal Opportunity Compliance ______GS-7 ------GS-15 Carl A. Lindstrom, Assistant Director, Per­ Chief, Program Evaluation ____ ------______------__ ------GS-7 ------GS-15 sonnel Division. ------GS-14 ------GS-13 FOOTNOTES 7 GS-13 • NoTE: This is a listing of USDA programs l~i!;;~IF.1.~i~~itii \\ \\\\ ::=\ =\ ~=~= ~i~~i~ ~~ ~~\i =iiiiii IE ------GS-11 subject to Title VI for which quarterly com­ GS-9 ,2 Contract compliance specialists ______~~j ------· GS-11 10 pliance status reports are made to the De­ ------GS-9 5 partment of Justice. For a complete listing GS-4 3 of all programs subject to Title VI, see 7 Program evaluation staff specialists ______~~j 2 GS-13 2 3 GS-11 5 CFR 15. GS-4 2 GS-9 5 1 Eleven agencies of the Department of R~j\ional equal ~pportun_it)'. specialists ______GS-5 3 GS-11 5 Agriculture administer more than 35 pro­ L1a1son and review specialists ______GS-5 2 GS-11 6 grams subject to Title VI. (See Appendix A TotaL ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _ for list of programs covered.) Officials from 39 ------68 ten of these agencies were interviewed dur­ ing the course of this Survey. The major Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE programs of these agencies as well a.s the of AgricUlture-Funding summary John P. McAuley, Assistant Deputy Ad­ principal problem areas regarding equality Personnel: of opportunity are discussed in Appendix B. ministrator (Management). 2 Salaries and benefits ______1,096,500 Raymond W. Sooy, Director, .Administra­ Introduction to job description for posi­ Consultants and benefits ______10,000 tive Services Division. tion 8412, Assistant to the Secretary for 270,000 Civil Rights. Travel ------Henry C. Bauer, Chief, Research Agree­ 8 Advisory committee ______10,000 ments and Patents Management Branch. Secretary's Memorandum No. 1560, July Staff training ______20,000 10, 1964. Operations and maintenance: AGRICULTURAL STABILIZATION AND CONSERVATION 'Secretary's Memorandum No. 1560, Sup­ Office rentaL ______30,000 SERVICE plement 4, January 17, 1966. Communications ------­ 10,000 Victor B. Phillips, Assistant to the Adinin­ 5 32 Federal Register 11895, August 17, Conferences------10,000 istrator. 1967. 7 CFR 15, December 4, 1964, as amended, Supplies and publications ______30,000 Jesse F. Moore, Deputy Director, Producer is the basic Title VI regulation of the De­ Associations Division. partment of Agriculture. Section 15.8, para­ Total 1,486,500 Donald D. Mowat, Agricultural Marketing graphs (a) and (d) refer to the termination Specialist. of Federal financial assistance and other APPENDIX G Allan T. Arnason, Chief, Compliance means authorized by law to effect compli­ LIST OF INTERVIEWERS Branch, Farmer Programs Division. ance with the regulation. 8 32 Federal Register 11711, August 12, OFFICE OF ASSISTANT TO THE SECRETARY FOR Charlie B. Robbins, Program Specialist. 1967. CIVIL RIGHTS CONSUMER AND MARKETING SERVICE 1 32 Federal Register 690, January 20, 1967. William M. Seabron, Assistant to the Sec­ Haward P. Davis, Deputy Administrator, s See footnote 2, supra. retary; John W. Slusser, Ferguise Mayronne, Consumer Food Programs. II See U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Judith Phillips. George C. Knapp, Deputy Administrator Equal Opportunity in Farm Programs, U.S. OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL (Management). Government Printing Office, Washington, Lester P. Condon, Inspecit.or General. Samuel C. Vanneman, Assistant Deputy D.C., 1965; Georgia State Advisory Commit­ Richard W. Fitch, Jr., Assistant to Inspec­ Administrator. tee to U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, tor General. Mildred L. Sykes. Equal Opportunity in Federally Assisted Frank J. Brechen.ser, Deputy Assistant In­ COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH SERVICE Agriculture Programs in Georgia, August, spector General (Investigation). T. S. Ronningen, Assistant Administrator 1967; Alabama State Advisory Committee to Norman S. Smith, Supervisor (Investiga­ (Formula Funds). U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, The Agri­ tion). cultural Stabilization and Conservation Serv­ Charles B. Bremer, Deputy Assistant In­ FARMER COOPERATIVE SERVICE ice in the Alabama B"lack Belt, April, 1968; spector General (Marketing, Consumer Re­ Martin A. Abrahamsen, Deputy Adminis­ Transcript and staff reports (unpublished) search and Education). trator. on Hearings by the U.S. Commission on Civil Leland F. Marland, Deputy Assistant In­ Job K. Savage, Assistant Administrator, Rights, Montgomery, Alabama, April 27- spector General (Departmental Administra­ (Cooperative Development Program). May 2, 1968; U.S. Department of Agriculture, tion). John J. Smiroldo, Administrative Assist­ Office of Inspector General, Audit of Civll OFFICE OF GENERAL COUNSEL ant. Rights Activities in the Federal Extension Mervin W. Kaye, Director, Research and FEDERAL EXTENSION SERVICE Service, 6041-6-H, Forest Service, 6041-7-H, Operations Division; Robert C. Reid. Lloyd H. Davis, Administrator. Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Ralph E. Groening, Deputy Assistant Ad­ Service, 6041-4-H, Consumer and Marketing DEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE ON PROGRAM REVIEW ministrator. Service, 6041-5-H, and six Cooperative State AND EVALUATION Extension Services (6065-17-T; 6065-17-A; Harry C. Telogan, Chairman, Administra­ FARMERS HOME ADMINISTRATION 6065-1-T; 6065-1-A; 6065-26-T; and 6065- tor, Statistical Reporting Service. Floyd F. Higbee, Deputy Administrator. 20-W). May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13465

10 See footnote 11 infra. 111 Forest Service Manual 1564.22. The. going statistical systems sufficient to enable 11 Memorandum, Joseph M. Robertson to Forest Service report in use is form 1500-3. the measurement of progress in meeting De­ Mr. Schnittker, Mr. Birkhead, Mr. Hughes 28 7 CFR 15.5(a). partmental civil rights objectives. Agency ad­ and Mr. Seabron, September 30, 1966. 211 Department of Justice, "Quarterly Title ministrators are to make, at lea.st annually, 12 Subsequent to Commission staff inter­ VI Status Report, Department of Agricul­ comprehensive reports on the s·ta.tus and ac­ views, the Federal Extension Service em­ ture, Third Quarter 1967." Thirteen of the tivities of their programs. ployed a full-time civil rights specialist. fourteen instances of noncompliance came ,~ Following the Commission's 1965 Report, 1s Secretary's Memorandums No. 1560, July from one agency-the Consumer and Mar­ the Soil Conservation Service adjusted its 10, 1964; No. 1572, April 22, 1965; and No. keting Service. data collection system to reflect service pro­ 1595, February 28, 1966 (revised June 17, 30 Form 139. vided to numbers of cooperators by race and 1966). 81 REA Form 267. color. Previously, service provided had been 14 Secretary's Memorandum No. 1576, April B2FCS Form 38. measured on the basis of numbers of acres in 29, 1965. ss ASCS Form 540. plans and thus many smaller opera.tors had 16 In the Spring of 1966, the Office of In­ M ASCS 1-PS(FP), August 24, 1966. not been served as effectively as possible. This spector General conducted one day formal 85 Forest Service Manual, Title 1400. was a significant adjustment in program training seminars for all professional staff 88 Soil Com,erva.tion Service Management empha.sis, a fact which was affirmed in inter­ in the Washington, D.C. and regional of­ Memorandum No. 19, January 18, 1967. views with Soil Conservation Service officials. fices. Beginning in the Summer of 1966 and 37 Farmers Home Administration, Adminis­ 48 A model staffing and funding proposal for for every quarter thereafter, civil rights trative Letter 837(400), January 13, 1965. an Office of Equal Opportunity in the Depart­ training, consisting of a case study in al­ 88 Office of the Inspector General Audit Re­ ment of Agriculture is at Appendix F. leged discrimination using lectures, hand­ port 6041-5-H "Audit of the Civil Rights ,1 By way of interpretation of the legis1ative outs, role playing, and the preparation of Activities in the Consumer and Marketing history of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, school investigation reports has been given as part Service, July 1, 1965 to June 30, 1966." lunches may be provided to public schools, of in-service and orientation training at 89 Ibid. even though they are segregated. This exemp­ Front Royal, Virginia. A total of 477 profes­ '° Office of Inspector Genera.I Audit Report tion does not apply, however, to private sionals had received this training through No. 6041--6-H, "Audit Report of Civil Rights schools, camps, and institutions. September 1967. Activities in the Federal Extension Service, 1s See Appendix D for a list of civil rights July 1, 1964 to June 30, 1966." training received by Department of Agricul­ t1 In addition to plans to include civil MARITIME DAY ture agency personnel. rights reviews in their regular program 17 Federal Extension Service, "Supple­ audits, the Office of Inspector General had (Mr. KARTH asked and was given mental Instructions for the Administration completed special audits of extension activity permission to address the House for 1 of Title VI," July 2, 1965 (as a.mended), in six Southern States, totaling a review of 77 minute, to revise and extend his remarks para.graph I B 2. counties. A review of these audits indicated and include extraneous matter.) 18 Arkansas, South Carolina., and Texas. that widespread noncompliance continues in Mr. KARTH. Mr. Speaker, as we pause Only the Arkansas plan specifically referred the Cooperative Extension Service. 42 to salute the American merchant marine to staff training and it merely indicated that Com.mission staff reviewed several OIG conferences had been held to inform staff civil rights audits. Audit Report No. 6041- on this Maritime Day, it might be well to of Title VI requirements. 6-H, covering the civil rights activities of the review briefly the many benefits to be Federal Extension Service for the period July 1ll Department of Justice, "Quarterly Title derived from a healthy, active merchant VI Status Report for the Department of Ag­ 1, 1964 to June 30, 1966 found (in pa.rt) : fleet. riculture," Third Quarter 1967. 1. " ... no independent evaluation (of Our domestic economy will benefit be­ 20 REA Bulletin 20-19: 820-19, January 8, compliance reviews) was made of the extent of compliance with the Civil Rights Act of cause new ships will be built-employing 1965. American shipyard workers and utilizing n There have been a small number of recip­ 1964." ients who have voluntarily dropped out of 2. "the use of segregated ma.111ng lists . . . American steel, American engines, Amer­ USDA programs rather than comply with as late as June 1966." ican fixtures. And these new ships will Title VI. The Consumer and Marketing Serv­ 3. "no system or procedure . . . for review provide continuing, and perhaps even ice estimates at lea.st one school district and of assignments and promotions . . . to in­ additional, jobs for American seamen approximately 200 summer camps fall into sure against discr1mlna.tion." and the assurance of profitable business this category. Yet, even in C&MS, where there 4. "statistical data was not being re­ operations for American shipowners. have been 140 instances of refusals to sign an ceived ... which could be evaluated to de­ termine whether personnel assignments and Our international economy will bene­ assurance, in only six cases have recipients fit because new, fast, efficient ships will been noticed for hearings. services to clientele were being handled in a 22 Federal Extension Service, "Supplemental nondiscriminatory manner." be in a better position to compete with Instructions for Administrations of Title VI "OIG Audit Report No. 5003-1-H, dated foreign-flag shipping. This will mean an of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,'' July 2, 1965, January 4, 1965 recommended that the Office enormous assist to the Government's ef­ Section B, subsection B. of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights: forts to correct the imbalance in our in­ 28 Georgia. State Advisory Commission re­ Establish written guidelines within the De­ ternational payments account. port, "Equal Opportunity in Federally As­ partment for evaluating analyses, conclu­ sions and corrective actions related thereto, Our defense posture will benefit be­ sisted Agricultural Programs in Georgia," cause our merchant marine is our fourth August 1967. The Committee's report docu­ and which will require (a) agencies to per­ mented instances of segregated office facm­ form racial data analyses, and document con­ arm of defense. It has always served this ties, segregated work assignments and segre­ clusions and actions ta.ken or promised to Nation well, and it is performing yeoman gated 4-H and home economics clubs. These correct inequities cited. service, right now, keeping the lifeline findings led to a Committee recommendation This, and three other recommendations re­ open to Vietnam. Two-thirds of the that funds for the Georgia State Cooperative garding this office were found not to have fighting men and some 98 percent of the Extension Service be deferred until the De­ been acted on in Audit Report No. P8H6-H-3, covering the period January 22, 1965 to June war materiel used in Southeast Asia partment of Agriculture conducted an inves­ travel there by ship. tigation to ascertain the complete status of 30, 1966. compliance in the State. Similar noncompli­ " Secretary's Memorandum No. 1574, April For these reasons, Mr. Speaker, we ance was documented in staff reports pre­ 26, 1965. Note: Since the Commission survey should move beyond the annual tradi­ pared for Commission hearings on rural eco­ was conducted, this memorandum ha.s been tion of paying just lipservice to our mer­ nomic security in Montgomery, Alabama., revised. A new chairman and two additional chant marine. We should move ahead April 27-Ma.y 2, 1968. members have been added. The committee's with legislation that will make a viable u Secretary's Memorandum No. 1595, Feb­ responsib111ties have been clarified and ex­ fleet a reality. ruary 28, 1966 (as amended June 17, 1966). As panded to: of December 31, 1967, the Office of Inspector (1) provide assistance in developing statis­ General has processed 298 investigation re­ tical systems measuring minority group par­ CONGRATULATIONS TO JUDGE ports, 14 of which were still in the reporting ticipation and the extent to which services stage. Agencies of the Department of Agri­ a.re furnished across racial lines; WARREN BURGER culture were asked by the Commission to (2) provide for an annual review of racial (Mr. RARICK asked and was given enumerate the Title VI complaints they had data systems for adequacy; and permission to address the House for 1 received. A table reflecting their responses is (8) provide for a semiannual reporting to at Appendix E. It will be noted that all com­ the Assistant to the Secretary for Civil Rights minute and to revise and extend his re­ plaints of longstanding said to be still nego­ on the status and activities of agency pro­ marks and include extraneous matter.) tiating involves the Federal Exension Service. grams in this area. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the Presi­ ""7 CFR 16.5(b}. In addition, the revised memorandum calls dent of the United States last night an­ 28 REA Form 268. upon agency administrators to establish on- nounced his selection of Judge Warren 13466 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 22, 1969 Earl Burger for nomination as the 15th lngton Post correspondent in Moscow, to Anatole Shub of The Washington Post from Chief Justice of the United States. leave the country within 48 hours. Moscow. As a former judge, I note with pleasure A Ministry official, Fyodor Simonov, in­ State Department spokesman Carl Bartch, that President Nixon indicated he was formed Shub this morning that he was being saying he had received questions about expelled for having continued to write in an Shub's expulsion, read the following state­ naming a man with previous judicial allegedly anti-Soviet manner after a warning ment: experience as well as a man of unques­ la.st month. At that time, officials made plain "As I said here on April 30, we believe in tioned integrity. their particular displeasure with reports on the widest exchange of information between I join with my fellow Americans with­ difficulties within the Kremlin leadership our two countries, and accordingly we are out partisan distinction in congratulat­ and on criticism by Soviet dissidents of opposed to any kind of censorship of report­ ing Judge Burger and wishing him well Kremlin policies. ing by either side. As we have told the Soviets in the tremendous task and heavy bur­ Shub was the second American correspond­ many times, we assume that the philosophi­ ent expelled since the Kremlin proclaiined cal differences which divide us on many is­ den he must assume in restoring the con­ what it called a "vigilance" campaign shortly sues will also be reflected in the reporting of fidence and respect of the American peo­ before last summer's invasion of Czechoslo­ our respective correspondents. ple in their highest court. vakia. Raymond H. Anderson of The New "If the favorite Soviet words of 'peaceful York Times was ordered to leave last October. coexistence' mean anything, it should mean TRAVEL BARRED some tolerance of these philosophical dif­ PROPAGANDA CONFUSED WITH ferences. FREEDOM OF PRESS Last April 28, Shub and another New "We cannot be indifferent to the practice York Times correspondent, Henry Ka.mm, of restricting or harassing American corre­ (Mr. RARICK asked and was given were prohibited from traveling outside Mos­ spondents at will while expecting us to treat permission to extend his remarks at this cow because of their writings. The U.S. State Soviet correspondents with the tolerance and point in the RECORD and to include ex­ Department retaliated by imposing similar hospitality which we regard as traditional traneous matter.) restrictions on the Pravda correspondent in and accepted in most countries of the world." Washington and the Novosti press agency April 30 was the date on which the State Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the com­ representative in New York. munications intellectuals continue only Department announced that two Soviet cor­ The vigilance campaign directed by Soviet respondents-Boris Strelnikov of Pravda to communicate with each other, and as security agencies against Russian dissidents and Genrikh Borovik of the Novosti news usual their news releases reflect only and resident foreigners appears to have es­ agency-would be restricted to a 25-mile their opinions and their personal desires. calated sharply in recent weeks. In the past radius of Washington and New York, respec­ The American people have recently two weeks, at least two leading Russian civil tively, in response to the Soviet refusal to been saturated with a calculated mental libertarians, Gen. Pyotr Grigorenko and Ilya permit Shub and New York Times corre­ conditioning that somehow the Bolshe­ Gabay, are known to have been arrested, spondent Henry Kamm to make a joint tour while the apartments of other Moscow dis­ of the Ukraine. viks of Russia were progressively "mel­ sidents have been searched. There have been lowing" and becoming more American reports, impossible to confirm, of similar re­ like. [From the Washington (D.C.) Post, May 9, prisals in Leningrad and Kiev. 1969] But again, their bubble burst; for At the same tiine, although Western dip­ while the "mellowing" of communism is loma.ts here have refused to disclose details, AN EXAMINATION OF "NONEXISTENT being swallowed hook, line, and sinker there have been secret police attempts to REBELLION" by many Americans who are desperately intimidate and compromise diplomats from (By Chuck Stone, vice chairman, National hopeful for peace, it is resented by the at least three Western embassies as well as Conference on Black Power) scholars here under cultural exchange One of the tyrannies we Black people must Kremlin where it is considered as anti­ programs. Bolshevik propaganda. suffer in the dungeon of this white racist CAMPAIGN GOAL society is the oppression by a putatively "free The latest evidence of the Soviet dis­ press," conceived in the womb of white su­ pleasure at the suggestion that they are One apparent aim of the intensified vigi­ premacy and nurtured by the umbilical cord lance campaign has been to break the links "softening" is the expulsion of a Wash­ by which independent-minded Soviet citi­ of Nordic self-righteousness. Consistency has ington Post news correspondent whose zens have succeeded in making their dissent­ never been a virtue of white elitism and The Washington Post, a lea.ding exponent, elo­ father was an early revolutionary ter­ ing views known at home and abroad. quently exemplified this characteristic in rorist against the Christian Czar and Protests and petitions reported by Western three editorials week before last. later the author of a standard biography newsmen have been rebroadcast to Russia by The Post began its journalistic venture of Lenin. Western radio stations-many of whose into the land of editorial schizophrenia with The U.S. State Department, of all broadcasts have gotten through despite the another in the series of vindictive attacks things, is considering retaliation. It Soviet resumption of jamming since the on Julius Hobson. (You and the New York would seem that the greatest retaliation August invasion of Czechoslovakia.. Times ought to get together when they write Shub, who is 41, reported for the Post from editorials on Adam Clayton Powell so that would be merely to ask that American Belgrade and Bonn before his Moscow as­ newsmen in Russia write the full truth. you can switch yours on Hobson. The venom signment in April, 1967, and was scheduled is so perfectly identical.) This policy would seem to apply even to transfer to Paris this summer. His suc­ It is the measure of The Post's intelligence to the Washington, D.C., area-where cessor in Moscow, Anthony Astrachan, had that it was necessary to sink to the lowest the vice chairman of a revolutionary been selected a.t the time the transfer was form of debate--argumentum ad hominem­ group has threatened to burn down the decided upon. in its attack: "What a bold, dashing and in­ newspaper's building for suppressing the Shub is the son of David Shub, 81, who trepid radical he is! In a pirate costume with truth-by calling existing conditions a as a Russian democratic revolutionary against a cutlass in his hand, he would be irresisti­ "nonexistent rebellion." the Czarist regime escaped from Siberia in ble." That's really debating the merits of 1908 to the United States, where he has Mr. Robson's remarks, isn't iti' And the same Post, through its News­ produced, among other writings, a standard The original Post story incorrectly quoted week magazine, is banned in Malaysia biography of Lenin. Mr. Hobson-a fact which The Post subse­ for "distortion of facts"-which probably [Shub's predecessor for the Post in Mos­ quently verified. While you may consider it boils down to inflaming racial fires-a cow, Stephens. Rosenfeld, was expelled from caviling, Mr. Hobson never used the term common technique by which they have the Soviet Union in November, 1965. Soviet "free enterprise system" in that famed exploited the news market in the United officials said Rosenfeld was expelled because speech, but the word "capitalism." States over the past several years. The Washington Post published "The Pen­ But that is a minor point. What is at issue kovskiy Papers,'' the purported memoirs of here is the tenacity with which The Post Someday news sellers will learn that a Soviet officer who spied for the CIA. cleaves to the white man's compulsion for freedom of the press means the right of [Washington Post Executive Editor Ben­ double standards in dealing with Black peo­ a free people to learn the truth-not the jamin c. Bradlee issued the following state­ ple. You would condemn Julius Hobson for misuse of press vehicles to impose their ment: advocating "force and violence," but in other personal prejudices upon a trusting audi­ ("We are very proud of Tony Shub's dis­ editorials, on the same day and the next day, ence by distortions. patches from Moscow. We think his expulsion you refuse to condemn violence in one situa- Mr. Speaker, several news releases fol­ is a deplorable mistake, contrary to all the tion ("Toward Civil War in Ulster") and ac­ low my remarks: principles of a free press and to the goal of tually encourage violence in another ( "Two increased understanding between our two Cheers for the Counter-Insurgents"). [From the Washington (D.C.) Post, May 22, countries.") So how come "force and violence" is cen­ 1969] surable when it is advocated by Mr. Hobson POST'S Moscow CORRESPONDENT EXPELLED FOR STATE CONSIDERING APPROPRIATE ACTION but tacitly accepted when it is utilized by HIS REPORTING The State Department said yesterday it the Irish Catholics and praiseworthy when it Moscow, May 21.-The Soviet Foreign Min­ was "considering what appropriate action 1s employed by the American University istry today ordered Anatole Shub, The Wash- might be taken" in light of the expulsion of ''counter-insurgents"? May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13467 The difference in the logic of The Post edi­ increase that a firm and rejuvenating FOUR SENATE BILLS torial posture is easily explainable. Mr. Hob­ program is forthcoming that will remove He said there are four bills pending in the son is a nigger. The Irish Catholics and the our merchant marine from the "step­ State Senate that pertain to kidney disease A. U. kids are white. child" status under which it has suf­ assistance. "Perhaps one of them will go How dare a Black man stand up and as­ through. We must urge that they be consid­ sert his manhood! How dare you, Julius Hob­ f erect in recent years. ered most carefully," he declared. son, nigger, believe in the historical and in­ My colleagues are well aware of the Meanwhile, Robert's dad is giving his son herent right to revolution which was exer­ troubles facing the merchant marine, as the dialysis treatments three times a week. cised by the white colonialists in 1775 and evidenced by the passage recently of a He was trained to do this at Hahnemann the Southern bourbons in 1861 ! Revolution greatly increased maritime authoriza­ while Robert was a patient there. is not to be discussed or exercised by Black tion bill here in the House. "Supplies run about $500 a month," he people, is it? Let us now hope, as we observe Na­ said. They are high priced and they can be Finally. The Post suffers from an acute tional Maritime Day, that our "fourth used only once. They cannot be re-used." case o! historical amnesia when it orders Mr. THREE OTHER CHILDREN Hobson to "quit his high school dramatics arm of defense," our merchant marine, as the leader of a nonexistent rebellion." will soon receive the critically needed Mrs. Rink died several years ago, and Rink It was a "nonexistent rebellion" that program from the President and that has three other children to ca.re for-Rich­ burned Watts in 1965. never again will our merchant fleet be ard, 17, a senior at Archbishop Woad High It was a "nonexistent rebellion" that de­ allowed to deteriorate to the condition in School for Boys; Regina, 13, and Ronald, 7, stroyed large sections of Newark and De­ which it rests today. both students at St. John Bosco School. troit in 1967. Robert, after graduating from William It was a "nonexistent rebellion," that dev­ Tennent High School, became a bricklayer astated Washington, D.C., on April 4, 1968. with his father. On weekends, he played elec­ KIDNEY VICTIM HOPES FOR HELP tric guitar with his group, The Roulettes, at It is a glorious "nonexistent rebellion" FROM STATE that is sweeping college campuses led by the Ha'penny Inn. With continued treat­ Black students and so magnificently orches­ (Mr. BIESTER asked and was given ment his condition should improve, and he trated at Cornell University. permission to extend his remarks at this hopes to return to work-not as a brick­ Typically arrogant and forgetful, The lawer-but with his group. point in the RECORD and to include ex­ Meanwhile, he's confined to his home, Washington Post seems to have forgotten traneous matter.) what has been transpiring in Black com­ hoping for the best. And at times he wonders munities during the last four years. The Mr. BIESTER. Mr. Speaker, I would how long he'll llve if the money stops coming polarization between the races is widening, like to take this opportunity to insert in in. not narrowing. the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an article Does The Post believe it contributes to from the Bucks County Courier Times CHIEF JUSTICE BURGER Black-white understanding with its hysteri­ regarding one of my constituents who is cal attacks on Julius Hobson? a victim of kidney disease. (Mr. POFF asked and was given per­ Let me conclude with one thought. There It is a sorry situation when we have mission to address the House for 1 min­ are many indications that Washington will people dying in America solely because ute, to revise and extend his remarks, explode in another holocaust. It is simply a they cannot gain the use of a. kidney and include extraneous matter.) matter of time, just as many of us knew Mr. POFF. Mr. Speaker, none but the back in the summer o! 1967 it was a matter machine. One of the major problems fac­ of time and publicly said so while Black peo­ ing medicine and the public health and most extreme will challenge the wisdom ple in 181 cities were "doing their thing." welfare is the lack of trained personnel, of President Nixon's appointment of The next time Washington does detonate available facilities, research, and equip­ Judge Burger. The conservative will find and the flames are licking the side of the ment for the diagnosis evaluation, treat­ him compassionate and humane but Washington Post building, I will call you ment, and prevention of kidney disease. strict in his construction of the law good people and ask just one question: "Hey, No parallel situation exists in medicine and stem in its application. The liberal baby, how do you like our 'nonexistent rebel­ where techniques have been developed will find him cautious and deliberate but lion'?" for the diagnosis and prevention of never arbitrary or doctrinaire. Judge Burger's entire service shows [From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, diseases. May 22, 1969] We must do something about this state him to be a man of balance and re­ of affairs or forfeit our public conscience. straint, a man who is realistic as well as MALAYSIA BANS Two U.S. MAGAZINES The article follows : idealistic, foresighted more than vision­ KuALA LUMPUR.-Malaysia emergency gov­ ary, and judicious rather than legalistic. ernment banned two American news maga­ KIDNEY VICTIM HOPES FOR HELP FROM STATE zines today in a crackdown on publications (By Bob Martin) No one will approve every decision he which it said are seeking to stir communal State funds are needed to provide financial renders, but everyone will approve the strife. assistance for victims of kidney diseases. ingredients of compassion, conviction, In announcing that current issues of Time This was the conclusion today of Eugene commonsense, and integrity which he and Newsweek would not be distributed, a Sauers, a medical supervisor at the Bucks will mix into every decision. government spokesman said the magazines' County Board o! Assistance. Chief Justice Burger will strengthen articles on the week-long bloody riots in He was approached recently by Robert Malaysia contained "distortion of facts" and Rink of 294 Allen Lane, Warminster, whose the cause of justice for the people of the were "not in the publlc or security interest." son, Robert Jr., 21, was stricken by kidney United States as individuals and as a disease in February 1968. society. The young man has been in and out o! OUR MERCHANT MARINE: A RAY hospitals ever since, including Abington Me­ CHIEF JUSTICE BURGER morial and Hahnemann Medical College and OF HOPE Hospital. (Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois asked and (Mr. PELLY asked and was given per­ FUNDS FOR MACHINE was given permission to address the mission to address the House for 1 min­ Through a continuing effort on the part o! House for 1 minute and to revise and ute, to revise and extend his remarks and various organizations and Individuals last extend his remarks.) include extraneous matter.) year, enough money was raised to buy Rob­ Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. Speak­ ert a kidney machine. Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, today is Na­ But treatments three times a week at $55 er, I should like to join my colleague, the tional Maritime Day, an appropriate each cannot continue much longer on what gentleman from Virginia (Mr. PoFF), in time to reflect on our ailing merchant his father earns as a bricklayer, and dona­ commending the President on his choice marine and look to the future. tions from residents and organizations in the of Judge Burger, for in the nomination On this commemorative day 1 year ago, area. of Judge Warren E. Burger he has once there was far less reason to celebrate Thus, the visit by his dad to the county again demonstrated his ability to pick as the United States was continuing on board of assistance. the right man, at the right time, for the Sauers said the board can give very llttle right position. a course that had been pursued far too financial assistance to the young man. long with the result that our merchant "State funds are needed," he said. "There Even a cursory examination of Judge fleet carries only 5 percent of our cargo. must be many other kidney victims in the Burger's career reveals his outstanding But, now there is a ray of hope under state. They must be in the same predicament qualities as a jurist. He enjoys the re­ the new administration as indications as Robert." spect of his fellow judges for those qual- 13468 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE Nlay 22, 1969 ities of judicial demeanor and deport­ choice. And I do so for myself personally Some increase in congressional sala­ ment so necessary to fortify public and in behalf of the people I am priv­ ries was and is justified; but there ought confidence in one of the three great ileged to represent. to be a rule of reason. I could wish that branches of our Government. we had been presented here in the House He does not represent any throwback with a program laying out a middle to an antediluvian past. His progressive CONGRESSIONAL SALARIES course, and providing for a more mod­ views in the field of civil rights show (Mr. DENNIS asked and was given est and more defensible salary increase. that he is dedicated to the proposition permission to address the House for 1 This did not happen and the House has that all men should be equal under the minute and to revise and extend his re­ had no chance to vote on such a plan­ law. marks.) nor have we had an opportunity for a In the field of criminal jurisprudence, Mr. DENNIS. Mr. Speaker, yesterday's rollcall vote at all. his remarks indicate that he represents vote, in which only 49 Members of the Neither political wisdom nor the na­ that balanced view of order and liberty House, including myself, stood up to be tional interest, I believe, favor the so badly needed today. counted against the recent 41-percent in­ course which we have adopted, and it is In selecting a few sentences from his crease in congressional salaries, settles for these reasons that I wish to register, writings to suggest his philosophy, he that controversy as a practical matter once again, my respectful but vigorous himself pointed to an address 2 years and makes further discussion of the sub­ dissent. ago at Ripon College, in which he said ject largely unprofitable. that a nation ''which has no rules and It seems to me, however, that there no laws is not a society but an anarchy may be some legitimate purpose to be CASE FOR THE ABM BY THE in which no rights, either individual or served in stating again, briefly and for AMERICAN SECURITY COUNCIL collective, can survive.'' the RECORD, the reasons which impelled (Mr. ADAIR asked and was given per- He went on: some of us to oppose this increase; and mission to address the House for 1 min­ To maintain this ordered liberty, we must perhaps the fact that I am new in this ute, to revise and extend his remarks maintain a reasonable balance between the body-a fact which makes me reluctant and include extraneous matter.) collective need and the individual right, and to speak on this subject at all-may also Mr. ADAIR. Mr. Speaker, the Amer­ this requires periodic examination of the give my views a certain value, for the ican Security Conncil issued a very time­ balancing process as an engineer checks the reason that I can, perhaps, reflect with ly report this month, in which they docu­ pressure gauges of his boilers. some accuracy the thinking of the gen­ ment why the United States should wait Mr. Speaker, I suggest that these are eral public, of which I have so recently no longer to proceed with the ABM. The the words and these are the views of a been a part. report is entitled "The ABM and the man from whom we can confidently ex­ From that backgronnd I can say, and Changed Strategic Military Balance: pect a distinguished career on the Su­ I do say to you, my colleagues, that the U.S.S.R. vs. U.S.A." In my view, it should preme Court of the United States. general public-comprising the people be read by all my colleagues. Therefore, who elect us-does not approve of our in order to convey some idea of the im­ raising our own salaries by $12,500 per Portance and quality of this study, I am CHIEF JUSTICE BURGER year, or 41 percent. The public does not inserting in the RECORD the following

In the same period Douglas was paid $36,- The committee said there are eight sepa­ precedent for concerning itself with such 765 as Parvin Foundation president. Over a rate canons of the bar association which matters. Several years ago the conference 7-year period, Douglas received more than would bear on the Fortas question. made a ruling barring Federal judges from $85,000, records show. What fit the Fortas case surely would sitting on boards of companiels. Supreme Court Justices receive salaries of in the Douglas case. There was no indication today that the $60,000 a year under a pay raise enacted this The bar committee said it was not talking ABA committee's comments on Mr. Fortas• year. about the lawfulness of Mr. Fortas, con­ activities would lead to any disciplinary pro­ It was disclosed yesterday that the Parvin duct--but about the ethics of it. And the ceedings. Foundation in March sold its stock in a firm ethical precepts of the bar association re­ An ABA spokesman in Washington, Harry owning three Las Vegas gambling casinos for quire that Judges "act not only in a manner Swegle, said the only action the association $2 million. that is lawful and proper, but in a manner could initiate in connection with its con­ The firm, Parvin-Dohrmann Co., is now that gives the impression and appearance clusion that Mr. Fortas has violated judicial headed by Delbert W. Coleman, a director of that it ls proper." ethics was to expel him from the ABA. the Atlanta Braves. Baseball Commissioner Mr. Fortas, in resigning from the court, PREVIOUSLY DROPPED Bowie Kuhn has begun an investigation of tried to explain his conduct. Justice Douglas stock holdings in the firm by top officials of simply goes on drawing his foundation sal­ But he then disclosed that Mr. Fortas al­ the Braves and the Oakland Athletics. ary. ready had been dropped from membership Harvey Silbert, secretary and treasurer of for non-payment of dues. He said Mr. Fortas the Parvin Foundation said the foundation's [From the Washington Dally News, May 21, dropped out about the time he was named remaining holdings of 21,791 shares were to the Supreme Court in 1965. 1969] The ABA also came under criticism today sold in early March. DOUGLAS PROBE URGED In a telephone interview Monday from from several Senators, including Curtis and Los Angeles, where the foundation is based, (By Dan Thomasson) Williams, for having made a "hasty" deci­ Silbert said the stock was sold through a Sen. John J. Williams, R-Del. today asked sion in backing Mr. Fortas for chief justice broker at $91.75 a share. This would result the American Bar Association to determine last year when he was nominated by former in a total purchase price of $1,999,324 for the whether Supreme Court Justice Wllllam O. President Johnson. stock. Douglas has violated the ABA's code of Ju­ Sen. Williams' reference to the Las Vegas Justice Douglas, reached Monday in Bell­ dicial ethics by accepting a $12,000-a-year gambling connectiorus of the Albert Parvin ingham, Wash., said he had no comment re­ fee from a California foundation with former Foundation, which Justice Douglas heads as garding the foundati,nn's past links with Las Las Vegas gambling connections. the only paid officer, came as foundation Vegas holdings or criticism of his role with Sen. Williams posed the question in a let­ officials were announcing that it has sold its the foundation. ter to ABA President William T. Gossett of stock holdings in a company that owns three The foundation was formed in 1960 by Chicago within hours after the association's casinos. Los Angeles businessman Albert B. Parvin, committee on professional ethics concluded who sold his stock in Parvin-Dohrmann Co. that former Supreme Court Justice Abe For­ ROBERT W. GOODMAN last fall. tas had violated its canons of conduct in his Parvin, named by the government as an relationship with the family foundation of Pacifica Foundation, a In a stock operation. violate the canons of judicial ethics of the broadcasting enterprise, of which he The Parvin Foundation primarily sponsors ABA?" said: fellowships for youths from "under-devel­ The furor over outside activities of mem­ It's free air ls an affirmation of the Bill of oped" countries. Whether a Supreme Court bers of the Supreme Court which resulted Rights and a true voice of social responsl­ Justice ls needed to direct such an activity in Mr. Fortas• resignation last week con­ blllty. may be debated, but his salary has accounted tinued as Sen. Carl Curtis, R-Neb., took the for up to one-fourth of the annual total dis­ Senate floor to criticize Justice Douglas and He was a trustee of the Walden School, bursements of the foundation. charge that "his conduct ls not befitting grounded in respect for individual worth. In a statement furnished Sen. Wllliams of that of a man on the Supreme Court." Within his profession of engineering Delaware this week, the American Bar Asso­ There also was speculation that Chief Jus­ ciation Committee on Professional Ethics de­ tice Earl Warren may call a meeting of the Robert Goodman was president of a scribed former Justice Fortas' connections Judicial Conference to look into both the construction company and active in pro­ with the Wolfson foundation as "clearly con­ Fortas and Douglas cases and the question fessional organizations. trary to the canons of Judlcal ethics, even 1f of whether judges should accept fees from Robert W. Goodman has been called he did not and never Intended to interfere foundations. that rare mixture of the practical busi­ or take part in any legal, administrative or The conference normally meets twice a nessman and the idealistic humanist. judicial matters, affecting Mr. Wolfson." year-in the spring and fall-and there 1s The demonstrated selflessness and good- 13472 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 22, 1969 ness of his life and his idealism suggest shifted to a broader stage whereon America on Appropriations may have until mid­ that "the values Andy held so dear" and now pursues warfare against Asia." night Friday, May 23, to file a privileged Mr. Goodman attended Cornell University, for which he gave his life must surely where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in report on the Department of Agriculture have been learned from his father. 1935 and a civil engineering degree in 1939. and Related Agencies Appropriations I shall never forget Robert Goodman's For several years after graduating from Act for fiscal year 1970. unbelievable courage and fortitude and Cornell, he built houses in Queens and then Mr. LANGEN reserved all points of how-at the hour of stark tragedy for he designed and built cranes used during order on the bill. him-he compassionately thought first World War II in ship repair for the Navy. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of others, the families of the two young In 1945 he joined the construction concern the request of the gentleman from Mis­ founded that year by his father, Charles, and sissippi? men who sacrificed their lives with he became president on his father's death in Andrew. 1963. It is situated at 313 West 53d Street. There was no objection. I cherished the friendship of Robert W. From 1946 to 1964, Mr. Goodman was a Goodman whose qualities of gentleness trustee of the Walden School. The school, and dedication inspired all who knew he said was "a pioneer in modern educational PROGRAM FOR NEXT WEEK him. I extend my deepest sympathy to theory and practice, where individual needs (Mr. ARENDS asked and was given his wife, Carolyn; his sons, Jonathan and supersede the demands of system." permission to address the House for 1 David; his mother, Mrs. Charles Good­ He was a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the New York State So­ minute and to revise and extend his re­ man; and all the family. ciety of Professional Engineers and the Moles, marks.) I include at this point in the RECORD a contractors' organization for those whq Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, I have re­ the obituary from the New York Times work underground. He has also served as a quested this time in order to ask the of May 21: trustee of the Compressed Air and Tunnel majority leader to acquaint us with the ROBERT W. GOODMAN, PRESIDENT OF PACIFICA Workers Welfare and Pension Trusts. program for next week. FOUNDATION, Is DEAD--FATHER OF RIGHTS Mr. Goodman is survived by his widow, the former Carolyn Elizabeth Drucker; two Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the AIDE SLAIN IN MISSISSIPPI WAS HEAD OF A gentleman yield? CONSTRUCTION COMPANY sons, Jona.than and David; his mother, Mrs. Charles Goodman, and Mrs. Joanne Bucholz, Mr. ARENDS. Yes; I yielC: to the gen­ Robert W. Goodman, the father of tleman from Oklahoma. Andrew Goodman, one of three civil-rights all of New York. A funeral service will be at 11 :30 A.M. to­ Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, in response workers murdered in Mississippi in 1964, and morrow at the Oommunity Church, 40 East president of the Pacifica Foundation and the to the inquiry of the distinguished acting Grow Construction Company, Inc., died yes­ 35th Street. minority leader the program for next terday at Mount Sinai Hospital of a stroke. week is as follows: He was 54 years old and lived a.t 161 West NEW THE Monday is District Day but there are 86th Street. THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF no District bills scheduled for considera­ on Aug. 5, 1964, the day after the body SUPREME COURT tion. of his son, a. 20-yea.r-old Queens College stu­ (Mr. RIVERS asked and was given dent, had been found with those of Michael However, on Monday there will be for H. Schwerner, also a. white New Yorker, and permission to address the House for 1 the consideration of the House the De­ James E. Chaney, a Mississippi Negro, Mr. minute and to revise and extend his partment of Agriculture and Related Goodman told reporters: remarks.) Agencies Appropriation Act for fiscal "Our grief, though persona.I, belongs to the Mr. RIVERS. Mr. Speaker, when Gen­ year 1970. nation. The values our son expressed in his eral Eisenhower appointed the present For Tuesday and the balance of the simple action of going to Mississippi a.re still Supreme Court Chief Justice of the week we will have the Treasury Depart­ the bonds that bind this nation together-its United States all of us had hopes then of ment-Post Office Department Appro­ Constitution, its law, its Bill of Rights." He then wept in the arms of friends. having a good Chief Justice. I certainly priations Act for fiscal year 1970 and hope as has been said today, that Mr. H.R. 4204, to amend the War Claims Act REGISTRATION DRIVE Chief Justice Burger will fulfill the hopes of 1948 to include prisoners of war cap­ The three young men, who were taking of those who preceded me on the floor. I tured during the Vietnam conflict, sub­ part in a voter registration drive for Negroes, had disappeared after having been released would like to associate myself with the ject to a rule being granted. from the Philadelphia, Miss., jail on a traffic remarks of the gentleman from Virginia Of course, the Memorial Day recess charge in June, 1964. After an extensive (Mr. POFF). previously announced will begin at the search, their bodies were found in an earthen I hope that, if President Nixon does close of business on Wednesday, May 28, dam six miles from Philadelphia. nothing else, he can appoint a Chief and end at noon on Monday, June 2. Seven men, including the chief deputJ Justice of the United States who will tum Mr. Speaker, this announcement is sheriff of Neshoba County, Cecil Ray Price, that Court around and abandon its prac­ made subject to the usual reservation were convicted in 1967 of conspiracy in the tice of legislating. This will have the ef­ that conference reports may be brought slayings. Mr. Goodman became president of the fect of gaining some respect by the Con­ up at any time and any further business Pacifica Foundation, whose nonprofit, listen­ gress of the United States for the Court may be announced later. er-financed radio stations have frequently and thereby gain some respect of the Mr. ARENDS. I thank the gentleman. been the center of free-speech controversies, people of the United States. in the fall of 1967, after having served on the However, under the leadership of the foundation's board for a year and a half. present Chief Justice this Court has ADJOURNMENT TO MONDAY NEXT The foundation owns WBAI in New York, KPA in Berkeley, Calif., and KPFK in Los capriciously embarked on a program of Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask Angeles. legislation beyond the intendment of unanimous consent that when the House In an allusion to Pacifica, Mr. Goodman, anything Congress has ever written. As a adjourns today it adjourn to meet on whose construction company built tunnels, matter of fact, it has been contemptuous Monday next. bridges and fO'llndations, said in a biography of the Congress. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to he prepared last year: If the new Chief Justice will only do the request of the gentleman from Okla-­ "It has been said by some that this is an­ this, he will vindicate the selection by other form of my underground activity. Per­ homa? hr,ps-but for me its free air is an affirmation President Nixon. If he does this, I, for Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, reserving of the Bill of Rights and a true voice of social one, as everybody else in this Congress, the right to object, is it intended to hold responsibility." I am sure, will thank the President for a session on next Thursday, or will there He had recently found new quarters for his selection. be an adjournment resolution adopted? WBAI-FM and negotiated the terms for pur­ chase of the building at 359 East 62d Street Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the from the Bethesda Covenant Church. gentleman from Iowa yield? Larry Josephson, the assistant manager of PERMISSION FOR COMMITTEE ON Mr. GROSS. I yield to the gentleman the station, yesterday called Mr. Goodman APPROPRIATIONS TO HAVE UNTIL MIDNIGHT FRIDAY, MAY 23, TO from Oklahoma. "that rare mixture of the practical business­ Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, it is my man and the idealistic humanist." FILE PRIVILEGED REPORT ON hope--and I shall discuss this with the In his biography, Mr. Goodman wrote: DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE "I was born Aug. 5, 1914, in New York APPROPRIATIONS, 1970 leadership of the other body-that we City-on the very same day Europe declared will be able to adjourn by resolution so war on itself. Since my birth nothing essen­ Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask that we will not have to meet on Thurs­ tial has changed except that the scene has unanimous consent that the Committee day. That is our hope. May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 13473 Mr. GROSS. There would be no busi­ the past perhaps, but names linked to­ spect of those it serves, let the people ness on Thursday? gether in a chain, forged by the black­ once again point with pride to those who Mr. ALBERT. There would be no meet­ smith of the Pedernales. A chain com­ represent them as Members worthy of ing on Thursday, but there will be busi­ pased of weak links, yet strengthened by the Nation's trust. Let the word go out ness on Wednesday. We do expect busi­ the respectability of a Presidential ap­ that truth is still synonymous with ness on Wednesday. pointment, and confirmed by a frater­ Washington. Let us make patronage an Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I withdraw nity. And we might add, why is the anvil honorable estate and close forever the my reservation of objection. so quiet lately? "credibility gap." The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Is it just a happenstance that a $60,000 the request of the gentleman from a year Supreme Court Justice would ac­ Oklahoma? cept-with a clear conscience--a $20,000 THE HONORABLE WILLIAM V. There was no objection. per annum lifetime fee? Or was he ROTH cast from the same mold as those before The SPEAKER. Under a previous order him-a glorified and high-priced "fixer," of the House, the gentleman from Texas DISPENSING WITH BUSINESS IN accepting payment for favors due? E. Mr. Speaker, I am pleased demonstrated outstanding talents as a Speaker, Congressman WILLIAM V. today to rise in tribute to my distin­ lawmaker. ROTH'S greatest service to the House of guished colleague from the State of Dela­ Following his 1966 election to the U.S. Representatives and to literally thou­ ware, who has announced his intention House of Representatives, Congressman sands of citizens in every district in every to depart this House and move to that ROTH undertook a comprehensive study State has been his monumental work in other body. I have profited by his pres­ of Federal grant programs in which State cataloging the myriad of Federal assist­ ence here and I share with my colleagues and local governmental units might ance programs. the benefits of his contribution to this qualify and share. House as well as to the entire Govern­ Although the Office of Economic Op­ Very few duties that befall a single ment. BILL ROTH, in dealing with his portunity had prepared an expensive and Member of Congress are as important to constituents, has always sought to pro­ detailed listing of more than 1,000 sepa­ good government and democratic proce­ vide all of the facts and the fullest in­ rate Federal programs of this type, Con­ dure as the free flow of information be­ tween the Government and the people. It formation on every aspect of our Federal gressman RoTH, through his independent Government. In doing so, my colleague study, was able to establish numerous is not enough to be on the side of free from Delaware quickly became aware of discrepancies and to reveal much useful speech and the first amendment. All the a very critical need for this Government information which the Office of Economic rights of free speech and freedom of in­ to do a better job of providing full and Opportunity had overlooked or neglected quiry and freedom of access to public reliable information on the myriad Fed­ to catalog. information mean absolutely nothing if eral assistance programs. Accordingly, As a former member of the House Ju­ the information is not generally avail­ be proposed in the Program Information diciary Committee, and presently as a able in comprehensive and understand­ Act that the President transmit to Con­ member of the House Committee on For­ able form. This is the cause that WIL­ gress annually a catalog of Federal as­ eign Affairs, Congressman RoTH's com­ LIAM V. ROTH has served so effectively. sistance programs together with a report mitment to his committee work as well The Office of Economic Opportunity detailing the measures taken by the as to his responsibilities on the floor of spent $100,000 on a catalog of Federal President to simplify the various appli­ the House merits the favorable recogni­ domestic assistance programs and did cations forms and guidelines, and to con­ tion of all who have had the privilege of not find as many as BILL ROTH. It seems solidate them. The resulting catalog to serving with him. almost unreal that a single Congressman be updated monthly would fit the needs It is rumored that our colleague may could do a better job than the entire Fed­ of Congress, the Executive, and the pub­ aspire to serve in the other body in the eral Establishment. BILL ROTH is elo­ lic. event of a vacancy, which the retirement quent testimony to the fact that one man While seeking to meet the goals of pro­ of Senator JOHN J. WILLIAMS would can still make an impact on the course viding a single source of reliable infor­ -create. Whatever our colleague's deci­ of our huge Government. It is a vivid mation on Federal assistance programs, sion may be, it is patently clear that commentary on the health of the Federal my colleague's efforts in this direction BILL ROTH possesses the essential quali­ bureaucracy to know that BILL ROTH did has simultaneously led to his leadership ties of industry, resourcefulness, leader­ in 8 months what the Federal Govern­ in advocacy of a reassessment of the en­ ship, and dedication to the public in­ ment could not do in 2 years. tire Federal administrative machinery terest which make for the finest congres­ BILL ROTH, by the breadth of his imag­ for badly needed reforms. sional material. ination in tackling a project the Govern­ BILL ROTH has made a considerable Mr. Speaker, I am proud to participate ment would not tackle and the diligence contribution to the Congress, and I am in this special order and extend a brief of his effort in doing what the Govern­ pleased to be a beneficiary of his studious and frank appraisal of Congressman ment could not do, has shown himself proposals and imaginative approaches to ROTH'S service in the U.S. House of Rep­ to be exceptionally well qualified to serve strengthening our Federal Government resentatives. the people of the State of Delaware in the by efficient organization. Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, I wish to U.S. Senate. While it is with regret that we receiv~ take this opportunity to compliment my BILL ROTH has made a great contribu­ news of his intended departure from the Republican colleague from Delaware, tion in his service here in the House, and House, it is still with a sense of real pride BILL ROTH, who will be a candidate for I am proud to have served with him. His that we know our distinguished colleague the Senate seat to be filled after the re- work on behalf of the people of the people will continue his very substantial con­ :.tirement of the distinguished senior of the State of Delaware and the Nation tribution to the Congress and to this May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13479 Government as a Member of the Senate. pact of his vigorous ideas on Congress. able contributions here in Congress, too Mr. WOLD. Mr. Speaker, BILL ROTH No one is more deserving than BILL for numerous to mention. But let me simply is a man easy to admire. He has risen commendation, and I wish him well in his say that the drive and determination through the ranks of politics to the con­ new endeavor. which it took to complete his study, de­ gressional seat that he now holds with Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, I am spite the many frustrations, is indicative great distinction and he has done so in pleased to have this opportunity today to of the kind of man BILL ROTH is. His the face of what many regard as some say a few words in behalf of my good qualities of honesty, intelligence, con­ special obstacles. friend and colleague, the gentleman from cern, and enthusiasm mark him to be­ Like the Congressmen from Wyoming, Delaware (Mr. RoTH). Although BILL has come a fine Senator. It is my sincerest and only three other States, our col­ been a Member of the House of Repre­ hope that the good people of Delaware league BILL ROTH represents alone an sentatives for less than 2 % years, he has will display thP- same good sense in elect­ entire State. His district is that of the already made a profound contribution to ing BILL RoTH to the Senate that they Senators from his district and the re­ the good functioning of our Govern­ have twice shown in sending him to the lated problems are the same as those ment, and is a credit to the people who House of Representatives. represented and handled by the Senators sent him here. Mr. WINN. Mr. Speaker, it is with a from Delaware. So in a very real sense So it is with both pleasure and regret great deal of pleasure that I join my col­ his two terms in the House of Repre­ that I view BILL'S decision to run for a leagues in the House today to pay special sentatives have been a training ground seat in the U.S. Senate. We in the House tribute to BILL ROTH, who will be going for his representation of the great State will be losing a valuable colleague. But on to serve in the other body of Con­ of Delaware in the U.S. Senate. Although on the other hand, it is comforting to gress. But it is with a great deal of regret the House will miss BILL RoTH, we are know that should the good State of that I see BILL leaving us. We will be los­ delighted that he is seeking the Senate Delaware see fit to elect BILL RoTH to ing a fine, dedicated, hard-working Mem­ seat. the Senate, he will be continuing his fine ber with a great future here in the House. I first had the privilege of meeting work on the other side of the Capitol. I wish him well in this forthcoming BILL ROTH when he and I were chairmen Perhaps BILL'S single most valuable campaign and I know he will have an of our Republican State organizations. contribution during his short tenure in equally distinguished career as a Member He ran a fine, victorious ship and went the House was his attempt to find out of the U.S. Senate. on from there, as did I on a somewhat how many Federal programs are in Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, the different time frame, to run for the existence and what they are doing. BILL announcement by our Republican col­ House of Representatives. was not a Member of the 89th Congress, league from Delaware, WILLIAM V. ROTH, We all know and respect BILL ROTH'S and so had not caught the Great Society JR., that he will be seeking a seat in the magnificent job as an economist and fever in which so many new Federal other body gives us a sense of both satis­ streamliner of the Federal bureaucracy. programs were enacted. When he arrived faction and regret. We are sure his ex­ His fight to have the Government aid on the scene, he discovered that he did perience in this House has given him the programs cataloged has won him na­ not know everything the Federal Govern­ foundation on which to build a new rec­ tionwide attention. It will allow Congress ment was doing. Even worse, none of us ord of achievement elsewhere. And at the to weed out duplications and the public here in Congress who had been passing all same time we know he will be missed on better to understand what is being done these programs could tell him either. the Foreign Affairs Committee and in with its tax dollars. Nowhere, in the entire Federal Establish­ this body as a whole because of his many Like the Delaware Senator he will re­ ment, was there a single person who contributions. place, the highly respected JOHN WIL­ knew. Since entering this House in the 90th LIAMS, BILL ROTH will be known as a How is it possible, he wondered, for Congress, BILL ROTH has been a leader watchdog when he joins the other body the Congress to know what new programs in the effort to reorganize the Federal in 1971. are needed when it does not even know Government. As a member of the Gov­ The House will be losing a very able what programs are already in existence ernment Operations Subcommittee on Member, but the Senate will certainly and what they are doing? Executive and Legislative Reorganiza­ be acquiring a statesman. And so BILL embarked on a massive, 8- tion, I can say with some authority that Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, today I BILL RoTH's study of the deficiencies in am joining in a special order to honor month study to find out what the Fed­ eral Government is doing. At the end of the present grant-in-aid system played my friend and colleague, WILLIAM ROTH, an important part in stimulating the cor­ of Delaware. BILL has announced that he that time, he still had not been able to discover every program, but he did com­ rective legislation that was introduced will run for the Senate in 1970. pile an impressive list of over 1,000 pro­ in both the 90th and 91st Congresses. BILL'S leaving will be a great loss to BILL ROTH'S effort to unravel the mys­ this body. I have worked closely with grams. Many of these, he found, overlap and duplicate each other. His study un­ teries of the grant system has been called him, and have found him a conscien­ the most significant achievement of the tious and able statesman. derlined the fact that all of us should He is a man of action, one who per­ have realized, long ago, that Congress has 90th Congress, while his legislative pro­ ceives a need and attempts to alleviate not been properly doing its job. posals have received the full backing of it. An example of this is the Program As a result of his study, BILL drafted the National Governors Conference, the Information Act, I had the privilege of two bills to facilitate the work of Con­ National Association of Counties Con­ cosponsoring with him in January. gress and to improve the operation of vention, and the Conference of State BILL had conducted an extensive study the Federal Government. These bills are Legislators. of the subject. BILL-as all of us-had the Program Information Act, providing The people of the First State and of found it extremely difficult, if not im­ for an annual compilation of all Federal the Nation will be well served indeed to possible, to locate all the operating pro­ programs, and the Executive Reorga­ have Delaware's able Representative in grams of the Federal Government. He nization and Management Improvement this body continue his fine record in an­ proposed this Program Information Act Act, creating a modern Hoover-type other Chamber of this Congress. He has to open the lines of communication be­ commission to review the organization, the highest standards of dedication to tween the Federal, State, and local gov­ operation, and management of the Fed­ follow. The senior member of the Dela­ ernments and the general public. eral Government. ware delegation, whose decision not to This act would make it mandatory for As one who has been keenly aware of run for a fifth term of office prompted the President to transmit a current cata­ the urgent need for congressional re­ ROTH'S determination to succeed him. log of all available Federal assistance form, I considered it a great privilege to has saved an entire generation of Amer­ programs to Congress. have cosponsored these two bills, both icans millions of their hard-earned tax This is just one example of BILL'S in­ in the 90th Congress when they were first dollars by his sharp scrutiny of the Na­ genuity and concern. presented, and again this year in the tion's financial affairs as the senior Re­ Elected as U.S. Representative at Large 91st Congress. This much-needed legis­ publican on the appropriate committee. from Delaware to the 90th Congress, No­ lation has won widespread support from In the full expectation that he will con­ vember 8, 1966, BILL has served his con­ Members on both sides of the aisle, and tinue the noble tradition of Republican stituency well, as attested by a strong I hope Congress will have the good sense service so laudably exemplified by the vote of confidence last November. to act on them. Honorable JOHN J. WILLIAMS, we wish our In this short time, he has left the im- BILL ROTH has made many other valu- colleague, WILLIAM V. ROTH, Jr., unlim- 13480 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 22, 1969 ited success and the full support of his ate. At a time when the great problems the Honorable JOHN J. WILLIAMS, who fellow citizens. we face in America demand that we has earned a reputation for integrity, Mr. McDADE. Mr. Speaker, I have have the finest representation, I know tenacity, and selfless public service dur­ just learned that my good friend, BILL the people of Delaware will realize that ing his tenure in the other body. I can ROTH, has announced his candidacy for they can get no better than they will get think of no more :fitting man to aspire the U.S. Senate from the State of Dela­ from BILL ROTH. to the Senator's seat-for during his ware. In so announcing, BILL is aspir­ Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, I am service in the House, BILL RoTH has ing to fill the seat now held by JOHN J . happy to join in the tributes to our able demonstrated the same outstanding WILLIAMS; and there is a singular appro­ colleague from Delaware. qualities and dedication to serving the priateness about this. Here are two men, The career of WILLIAM v. ROTH, JR., as public. who from their very first days of serv­ "BILL" is formally known, has been un­ I know that I join my fellow House ice in the Congress, have shown their usual. His preparation has been remark­ Members here today in proferring our total dedication to service to their peo­ able, consisting of a bachelor's degree appreciation for the fine job he is doing ple. from the University of Oregon and addi­ here--and our best wishes for his future The stature of the distinguished Sen­ tional degrees from Harvard Business in public service. ator from Delaware is almost legendary, School and Harvard Law School. His Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, I am and I shall not attempt to add to that progress from private to captain, togeth­ honored to join my colleagues this after­ legend in these remarks. But I hope I er with his receipt of the Bronze Star, is noon in paying singular t1ibute to the may comment on the stature of my dis­ eloquent testimony to the manner in Congressman from Delaware, BILL ROTH. tinguished colleague here in the Con­ which he served his country during My friendship with BILL ROTH goes gress who represents Delaware. World War II. back many years prior to the time when As all of my colleagues are well aware, Since returning to civilian life, he has we began our tenure in this House as an enormous portion of our time is been a successful lawyer and a leader in Members of the 90th Congress. In the <:ommitted to assisting our constituents the Republican organization, not only in early 1940's, we were classmates at the who come face to face with the stagger­ Delaware but on the national level. For Harvard Business School. ing bureaucracy of the Federal Gov­ the past 2 % years he has been a Member In the short 2% years that BILL ROTH ,ernment, and who cannot begin to find of the popular branch of the Congress. has been a Member of this House, he has :a way through. As a matter of fact, One of the accomplishments for which served on three distinguished and in­ countless numbers of these constitu­ BILL RoTH will be remembered is his at­ fluential committees. After serving on the ents have spent veritable careers really tempt to be a one-man Hoover Commis­ Judiciary and Merchant Marine and trying to find what section of what de­ sion. The tremendous growth of the Fed­ Fisheries Committees during the 90th -partment is actually charged with su­ eral Government during the last decade, Congress, he was named to the Foreign pervising a program they may be seek­ which has been accompanied by a dou­ Affairs Committee in January. In addi­ ing. bling in spending and a great prolifera­ tion, he was appointed to the Republican There are duplications. There are ap­ tion of bureaus, has made it virtually policy committee for the 91st Congress, -parent duplications where only a man impossible to comprehend the vastness a very infrequent and noteworthy accom­ ·with a razor could split the differences of the national governmental establish­ plishment for a second-termer. between the jurisdictions over similar ment. I believe his most outstanding achieve­ programs. In the face of this, from his Although frustrated by the refusal of ment, however, is the extensive listing of earliest days in Congress, BILL RoTH many Federal officials to cooperate with operating Federal assistance programs set about the monumental task of cata­ him, the gentleman from Delaware did which he and his staff prepared la.st year. ]oging every program that exists in manage to compile a comprehensive cata­ As a result of this investigation, the Pro­ the Federal Government-the eligibility log of Federal programs. Its lack of com­ gram Information Act was formulated requirements, the administering agen­ pleteness was not his fault, and I am and introduced. Congressman RoTH also des, the funding information, the ap­ optimistic enough to believe that the introduced the Executive Reorganiza­ plication prerequisites, the regional and Congress will eventually have a complete tion and Management Improvement Act. Washington contacts, and :finally the compilation. When we do, we will have I was pleased to join him and over 100 sheer mechanics of application. to remember that it was BILL ROTH who of our colleagues in cosponsoring both It is interesting to note that the Office laid the groundwork for the publication bills this year. Hopefully, once he takes of Economic Opportunity put a task and that we would probably not have h is seat in the other body, sufficient sup­ force on doing a similar job. Yet out of had it were it not for his herculean ef­ port can be generated there which will this one congressional office of BILL forts and his commendable persistency. make it possible to enact the bills into RoTH, there came a catalog more com­ When our distinguished colleague from law. plete than anything the task force had Delaware leaves this historic C:r.amber, Mr. Speaker, I am confident that not done. As a matter of further information, where so many eloquent voices have de­ only will BILL ROTH reach his goal of out of this study conducted by BILL, he bated the issues, where so much good, bad election to the other body but also he will became one of the few men in Washing­ and indifferent legislation has been en­ contribute significantly to the delibera­ ton who knew all the programs going on acted, and where so much history has tions of our colleagues on the other side in the Federal Government. been made, the good wishes of his fell ow of the Capitol. Recently President Nixon proposed a Members will accompany him. Fortu­ Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, I yield now Grant Consolidation Act, aimed at elimi­ nately, he will re wit.h us for the months to the distinguished gentleman from nating overlap and duplication in Fed­ that yet remain before adjournment, Delaware (Mr. ROTH). eral aid programs. This is surely closely during which time we will benefit from Mr. ROTH. Mr. Speaker, I want to related to the gigantic study our distin­ his experience as we struggle with the thank GEORGE BusH and each and every guished colleague made, which :finally many problems with which we are faced. one of my colleagues for their most spelled out the countless areas of dupli­ Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, it is gracious and far too generous remarks. cation which exist. always with a certain amount of sadness I must admit it is somewhat embar­ Pursuant to this study, BILL has pro­ that we receive news that one of our col­ rassing to hear them, but I must also posed a vast overhaul of the machinery leagues is leaving the House. This is in­ admit it is the kind of embarrassment of Government, which all of us agree is deed so with the announcement by the one richly enjoys. long overdue. As my distinguished col­ gentleman from Delaware (Mr. RoTH), I, too, am filled with mixed emotions league noted in the past, the rumored that he will not be a candidate for House at deciding to seek the Senate seat. As taxpayers' revolt might become a real­ reelection next year. Our sense of loss is one who has been wisely counseled by ity "unless we take immediate steps to tempered by the knowledge that he is the senior Senator from Delaware, and prove to the people back home we are going to run for the U.S. Senate. Our best as one who admires him greatly, I was making a maximum effort to spend their wishes go with him. His service to his dis­ saddened by his decision not to seek re­ tax dollars more efficiently.'' trict, State, and Nation can only be clas­ election. As a matter of fact, I delayed The people of the great State of Dela­ sified as exceptional. His investigation of my own decision in the hope that he could ware have shown great wisdom in elect­ the size of Federal Government has ultimately be persuaded to change his ing BILL to the House of Representatives. prompted public praise and stirred up mind. I now know that this is not possi­ I am certain they will show equally congressional inquiry. ble. great wisdom in electing him to the Sen- The man he is seeking to succeed is Very frankly, no one can replace our May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13481 senior Senator, one of the great men to and the personal problems with which tion for the threats which we could be have served in the other body. His exper­ each of us wrestles as we try to set ethi­ faced with in the decades ahead. tise in fiscal matters, his bedrock integ­ cal standards. There is nobody whose It is essential as we discuss our cur­ rity, and his moral courage will be judgment I respect more in regard to rent defense policies that we are aware sorely missed. I am sure you can under­ the question of ethics in our Government of and consider with as much clarity as stand that it was with some trepidation as he goes about interpreting his service possible the present and future capabil­ that I decided to seek his seat. to his country. ity of the Communist threat. There is another reason that my deci­ So, I think to sum up the comments There is no question but that in terms sion was made with mixed emotions. My that have been made here today, I would of thermonuclear military capability the stay in the House has been for me one of simply like to wish him well in his elec­ two major powers in the world today t he happiest occasions of my life. Legis­ tion and with great confidence wish him are the United States and Soviet Russia, latively, it has been exciting and chal­ well in his long service to his country though of course there is evidence that lenging here. I have been fortunate in and the U.S. Senate. Communist China is devoting a signifi­ making many new friends, all of whom I cant proportion of its limited technical greatly admire and respect. resources to the end it will be included To those who have freely given me so GENERAL LEAVE among the super powers. much guidance, and to those who have Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ The Soviet Union is continuing to expressed their confidence in my effort, mous consent that all Members may have develop its military capabilities, both of­ I give my humble thanks. 5 legislative days in which to revise and fensive and defensive. In addition to its Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, I thank my extend their remarks on the subject of work on strategic missiles forces, the So­ distinguished colleague for those heart­ my special order today. viet Union has given considerable atten­ felt and appropriate remarks. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tion to its general purpose forces, which, I think it really speaks very well of the request of the gentleman from incidentally, twice in the past year, have the gentleman to see the number of Texas? actually been engaged in military opera­ people who have participated in this spe­ There was no objection. tions. It is working on strategic defenses, cial order. I cannot help but put the on expanding its naval forces, on devel­ things that have been said about him oping tactical aircraft, to name a few areas. into the context of our great President's CONTINUING COMMUNIST MILI­ inaugural address when he talked about TARY THREAT MUST NOT BE I present here some of the known lowering our voices. facts about the Soviet threat so that This is the message that Congressman OVERLOOKED IN DEBATES ON the American people know what we are ROTH got when he first came to the NATIONAL DEFENSE SPENDING up against. These facts underscore the House, and with a lowered voice he has The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. seriousness of the problems we face in made a contribution far disproportion­ MARSH) . Under a previous order of the the world today and the pressing need ate to his length of service in this House, the gentleman from California for our Defense Department and the body. (Mr. LIPSCOMB) is recognized for 30 individual military organizations to be As he has forged a distinguished rec­ minutes. at complete readiness for our protection. ord for himself in the House, so has BILL Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, in the THE SOVIET THREAT RoTH achieved success in countless other present discussions over the proposal for The picture of the Soviet Union which areas of endeavor. limited deployment of the Safeguard emerges from the known facts, based His educational accomplishments must anti-ballistic-missile defense system and on unclassified information whlch can certainly be regarded as uncommon. He other defense expenditures and prob­ be set forth from qualified military, holds bachelor of arts, master of busi­ lems there is in my opinion a serious technical, scientific and intelligence ex­ ness administration, and bachelor of law danger that considerations vital to our perts regarding recent and future trends degrees. national security during the next decade in Soviet military capabilities, is that of In June 1943, he interrupted his edu­ and beyond are being overlooked and a nation already immensely powerful cation at Harvard to enlist in the U.S. obscured. militarily, and increasing that power in Army. Before his discharge 3 years later, Clearly it is important that we do have virtually all areas. he had attained the rank of captain and full and meaningful debates about our had earned the Bronze Star Medal. national defense policies, because they STRATEGIC OFFENSE In addition to holding membership in have a vital bearing on our national se­ The Soviet strategic offensive is one of the Delaware Bar Association, and the curity and on our domestic policies and a variety of modern weapons capable of American Bar Association, he is ad­ priorities. All sides of these far-reaching great destruction. mitted to practice before the U.S. Su­ issues must be thoroughly explored and The Soviet inventory of operational preme Court and has served on several considered. land-based intercontinental missiles will statewide and national legal committees. However, it is essential that these dis­ reach about 1,050 in 1969. In Delaware, he has been State Re­ cussions are conducted with reason and The latest Soviet ICBM systems have publican chairman, chairman of the in full recognition of the world as it is, been deployed in hardened and widely State commission on modernization of not as we would like it to be. dispersed single silos, each presenting a State laws and cochairman of the Del­ A look at the history of the Com­ separate aiming point for an attacking aware Citizens' Committee for Reorgani­ munist movement makes it all too clear force. zation of the Federal Government. that the military power and policies of In addition to these measures to reduce I think it apt to summarize the career the Communists led by the Soviet Union the vulnerability of their ICBM's, the of BILL ROTH as one that has been con­ for years have represented a serious Soviets are engaged in active research sonant with success--success achieved menace to our welfare and the welfare and development to make other qualita­ through sacrifice and initiative. Apathy of the entire free world. The military tive improvements, such as a program has been anathema to him; action has threat posed by the Soviet Union and its to develop a multiple warhead delivery not. Communist allies certainly has in no system on one type of their ICBM's. In viewing BILL RoTH's past, present, way diminished. Their goals of world They also continue to work on an and future, I am reminded that T. S. domination are still the same. experimental weapon system which has Eliot once said that "a mature poet must It is a matter of great concern to hear come to be labeled a fractional-orbit have a sense of history." This, too, I criticisms leveled at our defense efforts bombardment system-FOBS. It is, in think, applies to statesmen. BILL ROTH ls which appear to completely ignore the effect, an extended-range ICBM which such a statesman. threat to our security and welfare posed flies on a lower trajectory than a normal In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, I should by the Soviet Union and its Communist ICBM and thus would be more difficult like to express the personal pleasure I allies. for U.S. radars to detect and track. It have had in knowing BILL ROTH so It is a matter of concern to hear criti­ might also be fired southward from the closely in the House and being associated cisms which completely overlook the fact U.S.S.R., approaching the United States with him in our breakfast group and that with the world situation what it is from the south and avoiding United being able to talk with him about the today we must maintain our present de­ States northward-facing early warning · tough problems which face the country fense capabilities and prepare our Na- radars. 13482 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 22, 1969 The Soviet Union has a force of about air missile systems to provide improved ous landing operations became obvious in 700 medium-range and intermediate­ tactical defense against attacking air­ 1967 with the introduction of tank land­ range missile sites. Most of these sites craft. ing ships, some of which have been de­ are located in the western U.S.S.R., where NAVY ployed to the Mediterranean since June they could launch missiles against any In 1963, Admiral Gorshkov assumed 1967. The force of Soviet marines is be­ targets in Western Europe. command of the Soviet Navy with an lieved to number about 6,000 men. The Soviets claim to have a mobile order that ships would put to sea. Since GROUND FORCES strategic missile, and they have publicly then, the Navy has developed from a The Soviet Army is estimated to num­ displayed tracked transporter-launchers waterborne adjunct of the ground force ber about 2 million men, organized into for this type of system in Moscow parades into a significant maritime power, op­ 140 divisions. Most of these divisions are for the past several years. They have erating with increasing frequency in dis­ below full combat strength but many of also paraded a two-stage, solid-propel­ tant waters. them could be brought up to strength lent missile which could be used for this The Soviet Navy began continuous de­ rapidly. About half of them are stationed purpose. ployments in the Mediterranean some in the western U.S.S.R. and Eastern Eu­ As their strategic missile forces have 4 years ago. Since the Arab-Israeli war rope opposite NATO. grown, the Soviets have allowed their of June 1967, a flotilla including nuclear The evolution of Soviet ground forces inventory of long-range bombers to de­ submarines and missile-armed surface over the past several years has been cline slightly. They now have some 150 ships has been operating in these waters characterized by emphasis on mobility heavy bombers supplemented by about with deployment reaching as many as 50 and short-term striking power. 50 tankers for aerial refueling. Their combatant and support ships including Soviet capability for airlifting troops, medium bomber force, composed of twin­ submarines. Soviet warships are also ac­ and equipment, has been enhanced by jet aircraft, amounts to somewhat less tive in the Indian Ocean now. the introduction of the new AN-22 heavy than 800 aircraft. Soviet medium bomb­ All of the major surface ships built assault transport, which the Soviets un­ ers are believed to be targeted against since 1960 have been armed with sur­ veiled at the 1967 Paris air show. The the NATO countries and other areas of face-to-air or surface-to-surface mis­ Soviets claim that this aircraft can carry the periphery of the Soviet Union. siles. Over 20 major surface ships and 88 tons of cargo to a distance of 2,800 In an effort to extend their operational nearly 50 submarines are equipped with nautical miles nonstop. The current So­ usefulness, many of the bombers, both long-range antiship cruise missiles. The medium and heavy, have been modified viet air transport forcP- has about 1,500 Soviets have also deployed about 100 short- and medium-rhnge aircraft. In to carry air-to-surface missiles. In ad­ Osa- and Komar-class patrol boats addition a large part of the Soviet inven­ dition, some of the older medium bomb­ armed with a short-range missile sim­ tory of some 1,500 helicopters supports ers have been replaced by a newer model ilar to the one which the Egyptians used with a supersonic dash capability. the ground forces. to sink the Israeli destroyer Eilat. With respect to ground forces, the STRATEGIC DEFENSE The current inventory of surface ships Warsaw Pact countries continue to Defense against strategic attack con­ consists of some 22 cruisers, 80 destroy­ maintain very large deployments along tinues to hold its traditionally high pri­ ers, 25 guided missile destroyers, and their borders with the Free World in ority in Soviet military planning. New some 2,300 ships such as other patrol continental Europe. Their forces are antiaircraft systems are being intro­ boats, auxiliaries, support ships, mine­ equipped with modern weapons with a duced, and an anti-ballistic-missile­ sweepers, coastal escorts, and intelli­ particular emphasis on armored-tank­ ABM-system is being installed for the gence collectors. units. defense of Moscow. The Soviets are also building several TACTICAL AIRCRAFT The Moscow ABM system has been in new classes of ships intended to help The display of new aircraft in the development for more than 10 years. them catch up with U.S. naval capabili­ Moscow Air Show of 1967 revealed the Construction of launch sites and attend­ ties. Two large helicopter cruisers extent of Soviet efforts to upgrade their ant radars began about 6 years ago and launched in the past 2 years will be used tactical air strike and interceptor capa­ has proceeded irregularly since then. for antisubmarine operations. bilities. Ten new or modified fighters There have been signs that the Soviets The submarine fleet now numbers ap­ were demonstrated, including two with are not going to deploy as many ABM proximately 380-its effectiveness is be­ variable-sweep wings. Several were launchers as they originally intended. ing improved by the addition of new clearly experimental and may not be pro­ The missile for the Moscow ABM sys­ types of torpedo-attack and ballistic mis­ duced in quantity. Others may be pro­ tem, the Galosh, was first seen in No­ sile submarines. duced for Soviet air defense and tactical vember 1964 when it was paraded, en­ The new Soviet Polaris-type subma­ fighter units. Four new vertical takeoff closed in its canister, through Red rine can fire 16 ballistic missiles to a and landing aircraft were displayed, re­ Square in Moscow. The system appar­ range of 1,500 miles. Several units of this flecting Soviet interest in dispersing ently now has a certain operational class are operational and production is continuing. fighters away from improved airfields. capability. Furthermore there are indi­ RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT cations that the Soviet Union is con­ About 40 older ballistic missile sub­ tinuing ABM development, for the pur­ marines carry an average of three With respect to the more distant fu­ pose of improving their initial system or launchers each. They are believed to be ture, the Soviets are now making a very producing a new, improved version of targeted against European and Asian large, expensive and obviously deter­ their ABM system. targets. mined research and development effort. Meanwhile, the Soviets are still highly The Soviets now have about 44 sub­ Soviet spending during the past year for concerned about the threat from manned marines equipped with cruise missiles military and space sciences is estimated bombers and air-launched missiles. Dur­ with a range of about 300 miles. These to have grown at a 10-percent rate. ing the last few years they have up­ submarines are believed to be intended to THE CHALLENGE WE FACE graded their fighter-interceptor de­ attack naval and merchant vessels. Some To ignore the military threat of the fenses by introducing new aircraft with 300 other submarines are configured for Soviet Union, and its Communist allies, better performance and armament. torpedo-attack missions or used for or to pretend it is not there and on that Their current inventory probably num­ training. basis attempt to downgrade the need for bers about 3,500 interceptors. In 1963 The Soviet Navy also has a land-based adequate military preparations on our they began deploying a new defensive air force and a small force of marines. Nation's part could represent a hoax on missile system, sometimes referred to as The Naval Air Force has increased in the the people of our Nation. the Tallinn system, in many areas of the last few years and currently has about There can be no doubt that President Soviet Union for defense against aircraft 500 bombers and 370 other aircraft for Nixon and the Defense Department are and air-to-surface missiles. transport, reconnaissance, and antisub­ confronted with a tremendous responsi­ The Tallinn deployment is superim­ marine warfare. The aircraft are all bility of assuring that we maintain suffi­ posed on a large network of sites for the land ba.sed, primarily on the European cient strength to deter attack now and in older and shorter-range SA-2 air de­ coastline of the Soviet Union. The Soviet the future. fense missile system. In addition, the Navy has no aircraft carriers. Certainly there is a need for the citi­ Soviets are deploying mobile surface-to- Increased Soviet interest in amphibi- zens of our Nation to demand the mili- May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13483 tary to be efficient and to spend tax large part of even that seven-tenths of 1 CUYAHOGA COUNTY GRAND JURY'S moneys wisely and efficiently. There is a percent figure came to New York to secure EVALUATION OF THE WELFARE need for the public to demand that our welfare benefits. In 1964, local welfare SYSTEM Nation's defense policies be in the best agencies were required to investigate The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a interest of our Nation and are carried anyone suspected of moving into the previous order of the House, the gentle­ out without waste or mismanagement. State to secure welfare. The number man from Ohio (Mr. FEIGHAN) is recog­ However, Mr. Speaker, during this pe­ found to have done so was so insignifi­ nized for 10 minutes. riod of debate and decision the issues in­ cant that after 30 months, the reporting Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, recently volved in the defense of this Nation and requirement was dropped. The cost of the Cuyahoga County, Ohio, grand jury the threats to our security must not be administering the investigation was far completed its term of service. I am in­ overlooked, obscured or ignored. greater than the level of abuses uncov­ serting the final report of the grand We all long for positive steps toward ered. jury, authorized by one of Greater Cleve­ achieving lasting peace, but we cannot The situation was analogous to the land's outstanding civic leaders, Joseph proceed with unilateral disarming when national welfare study done in 1962, Silber, grand jury foreman, into the the Communist world is working fever­ which was also meant to uncover "in­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for the informa­ ishly to build up its military capabilities eligible" recipients. In New York State, tion of my colleagues. to ever higher levels. the out-of-pocket administrative cost of This excellent report is of interest to uncovering one such recipient as a result all concerned Americans because it of that study average $12,000. If that searches to find a meaning for the re­ TO INCREASE FEDERAL SHARE OF recipient had not been uncovered, the WELFARE COSTS cent crime wave that has struck our cost to the taxpayers would have been country. The !llembers of the jury gath­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a only $2,500. From a cost-benefit ratio, it ered considerable evidence which demon­ previous order of the House, the gentle­ was ridiculous to conduct such an inves­ strates that a majority of crimes are man from New York (Mr. FARBSTEIN) is tigation. And furthermore, the ineligible committed by men under 25 years of age. recognized for 20 minutes. recipient would more than likely have This statistic alone is widely known, Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I have been caught in the next redetermination, but the fact that most of these lawbreak­ today joined with 13 of my colleagues in anyhow: ers come from families that receive pub­ cospons01ing legislation to increase the The character of New York State's re­ lic assistance is not as well recognized. cipients also suggests that migration for Federal share of welfare costs, including -It is necessary that we discover the medicade, to 90 percent. The legislation welfare is a myth, at least as far as the reason that our welfare system is produc­ would also establish a minimum national Empire State is concerned. Between two­ ing criminals in signifi<:ant numbers. It standard for welfare benefits and eligi­ thirds and three-fourths of those cur­ becomes apparent that our system of aid­ bility, and eliminate the freeze on AFDC rently (:n the rolls were residents of the ing needy families requires drastic re­ scheduled for July 1. State at least 10 years-far longer than vision. The report recommends a com­ I reject the view that New York State even the 1 year required by the now out­ plete restructuring of our present wel­ and States like it are being penalized for lawed State residency requirements-be­ fare program to better equip those fam­ the better-than-average standard of wel­ fore applying for assistance. The situa­ ilies receiving public assistance to pro­ fare benefits they provide, through a tion may be slightly different in other duce useful and lawabiding citizens. vast in-migration of the Nation's poor States, for unlike Illinois or Michigan, seeking a higher level of welfare benefits. New York does not have the cyclical in­ The questions that were raised in the Such States are, however, being 'penal­ dustry, which draws the poor to jobs only report are of vital import to all Ameri­ ized by the present Federal welfare sys­ to strand them when a downtrend oc­ cans. I urge my colleagues to study this tem which pays a greater share of the curs in the industry to eliminate the jobs report and evaluate the important ideas welfare burden to those States who pro­ they had come to secure. New York's in­ that it presents. Following is the report: vide the lowest level of benefits. dustries are more stable. FINAL REPORT, CUYAHOGA COUNTY GRAND The establishment of national welfare What is responsible for increasing New JURY, JANUARY 1969 TERM standards would give everyone, irrespec­ York State's welfare budget is the pres­ To: The Honorable BERNARD FRIEDMAN, ent federal system of welfare benefits, Presiding Judge, Criminal Court, Court of tive of whether they live in a rich or a Common Pleas of Cuyahoga County, poor State, an opportunity to avoid the which rewards most of those States Cleveland, Ohio permanent physical and mental damage which provide the least adequate level of DEAR JUDGE FRIEDMAN: The Grand Jury, which frequently goes with hunger and welfare benefits and whose taxpayers which was impaneled on the first Monday malnutrition. The 90-percent Federal shoulder the least burden. Despite the in January and re•s country. Defrauding innkeeper______2 criminals whose cases were presented to this We suggest that one proposal worthy of Defrauding garage owner______7 Jury. consideration would be a plan to remove We had noted that the most common age of Drug law------78 small children from homes of unfit mothers Embezzlement ------4 law breakers brought before this Jury was who have been adjudged guilty of child neg­ Felonious assault______9 18. The next most common age was 19. leot. While the family unit is the firm foun­ Forgery ------66 More than half of crimes against property dation of our civlllzation, the government Housebreaking ------23 were committed by people between the ages has a.n obllgation to give neglected children Issuing check to defraud______4 of 18 and 25, and more than 60 % by people a f.a.ir chance in life. Grand larceny______43 under 30 years of age. In Cuyahoga County alone, about 50,000 Niurder, first degree______12 We decided to study the 148 cases which children are now supported by the Aid to De­ Murder, se()l)nd degree______15 ca.me before us during the months of Janu­ pendent Children program. Manslaughter, first degree______11 ary and February involving defendants be­ Of these, more than half are in "broken Homicide by vehicle------6 tween ·the ages of 18 and 25. We wanted to homes"-mostly in what the statisticians call Armed robbery______72 see where these criminals under 25 came "fem.ale-headed homes." Some of these wel­ Unarmed robbery______24 from. What did they have in common? fare mothers are widows, but a larger propor­ Robbery of financial institution______1 In a careful check of avallable records, tion are either unwed mothers or wives aban­ Receiving stolen property______19 our investigator found that 117 of the 148 doned by their husbands. Attempted burglary______6 May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 13485·

Cuyahoga County grand jury January 1969 M. H. Trytten, National Academy of power. The military, too, is centrally con-· term of court-Continued Sciences. cerned with manpower. As the nation's. Burglary of inhabited dwelling______11 Arnold L. Nemore, Executive Director. largest employer, it is a major participant in­ Stabbing------­ 4 • Joined the Task Force too late to partici­ the building of the nation's manpower policy. Shooting ------27 pate fully in the deliberations on this state­ The armed forces draw upon the country's Shooting at------2 ment. pool of manpower and operate a massive· Torturing another ______1 training organi.zation which has a far-reach-· ing impact on the nation's labor force. Neglect ------­ 9 On January 7 of this year, the task Rape ------­ 14 force published a position paper entitled, As the scope of manpower policy is broad •. Sodomy------3 "The Nation's Manpower Programs," so the policy-makers are many and diverse­ Carnal knowledge of female under 16_ 5 which represents the combined judg­ including employers, unions, school boards. Rape of female under 12 ______3 local, state, and federal agencies, colleges, and Rape of female under 14 ______1 ment of the task force members. Despite voluntary organizations. As a result, no single,. Abduction for immoral purposes ______4 divergence of opinion on details, the consistent, or cohesive strategy has emerged­ Incest ------1 members agreed to a unanimous state­ or perhaps can emerge--for developing and. Possession obscene fillll ______1 ment without indicating individual utilizing human resources in the United: Possession obscene photo-sale ______1 States. Manpower policy comes in pieces, ancr. Poor relief fraud ______exceptions. 3 I highly recommend the reading of this pieces do not fit easily into a neat pattern~ Malicious destruction of property ___ _ 6 report in its entirety, but, in order Most experts agree that our manpower­ Operating motor vehicle without to policy should be directed at the full range of· owner's consent ______2 pay tribute to an excellent document and problems. They differ not over the broad ob-· Escape from jaiL ______5 to call it to the attention of my colleagues jectives of manpower policy, but over· Larceny by trick ______9 who may not have had a chance to review methods of implementation, the amount of" Misuse of credit card ______5 it, I would like at this point in my re­ effort which can be mounted to attain the­ Fraudulent check ______3 marks to insert excerpts from this fine desired goals, and the most effective instru-­ Possession sawed-off shotgun ______8 statement: ments for coordinating and integrating a. Possession machine gun ______1 wide array of efforts. The 1969 manpower­ Possession dynamite caps ______1 THE NATION'S MANPOWER PROGRAMS policy agenda for the new Administration Entry coin device ______2 (NoTE.-Although the training and use of and Congress centers on the above issues. Aggravated assault ______15 the nation's human resources are not a new A successful manpower policy requires the Assault and battery______. 1 public concern, only in the 1960s have fed­ recognition of several basic principles: Assault with dangerous weapon ______2 erally supported manpower programs emerged 1. A high level of effective demand, main­ Bigamy------1 as a major tool of econoinic and social policy. tained through appropriate monetary and Breaking and entering______2 As a result, the last half dozen years have fiscal policies, is the single most important Removing parts from motor vehicle __ _ 1 been filled with feverish activity. Now is an condition fer a successful manpower policy. Total number of indictments ______743 opportune time to take stock. In this state­ 2. Education, housing, health, transporta­ Total number of no bills ______49 ment, we attempt to state succinctly the ob­ tion, welfare, and manpower policies are Total number of cases ______660 jectives of manpower policy and review the interdependent, yet we know little about the Witnesses------1,373 accomplishments and shortcomings of the trade-offs among them. In some respects WM. C. HORRIGAN, last few years. In addition, we believe it is these policy areas are competitive and in Assistant Grand Jury Commissioner. in order to suggest what steps should be others complementary. Careful judgment is taken in the years ahead.) required in allocating funds among them. 3. The interdependence of rural areas and THE NATION'S MANPOWER I. THE STATUS OF MANPOWER POLICY cities must also be recognized. Economic PROGRAMS Manpower policy is aimed at developing development of rural areas, for example, can and using the capacities of human beings as reduce in-migration to already congested ur­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a actual or potential members of the labor ban areas. Moreover, the manpower policies previous order of the House, the gentle­ force. Although its central operational field of one area affect, and in turn are affected man from Wisconsin

"It is our understanding that a score of Newspaper Guild, Lithographers & Photoen­ to The Honolulu Advertiser and other papers other cities across America. have similar gravers, n.wu and International Association which operate on a. joint-plan basis. joint-plan arrangements and are also seek­ of Machinists. Under this plan, commercial and produc­ ing legislative relief from the Court's ruling tion fac111ties of two papers are consolidated, on Tucson. [From the Honolulu Advertiser, May 15, 1969] but separate ownerships and separate and in­ "The fact that 33 United States Senators THE 17,000-MEMBER HGEA FAVORS dependent editorial policies and staffs are and some 90 Representatives of both parties NEWSPAPER BILLS maintained. and of widely varied views have sponsored Twenty-one U.S. cities, from San Francisco The 17,000-member Hawaiian Government to Pittsburgh, from Nashville to S-alt Lake Newspaper Preservation Bllls 1s indicative Employees Association has endorsed the of the magnitude of the problem and the City, have such arrangements as an alterna­ Newspaper Preservation Bills now before Con­ tive to a single ownership. need for a Congressional remedy. gress and urged their "expeditious passage." "These Newspaper Preservation Bills have The legislation is being sponsored in the SPONSORS OF BU.L the announced support of the Hawaii News­ U.S. Senate by Hawaii Sens. Daniel K. Inouye Sens. Daniel K. Inouye and Hiram L. Fong paper Guild, the Printing Pressmen & Assist­ and Hiram L. Fong; and Sens. Mike Mans­ and Rep. Spark M. Matsunaga a.re among the ants, Union, Local 413, the Lithographers & field, the majority leader; Fred R. Harris, 32 senators and more than 90 representatives Photoengravers Union, Local 201, Interna­ national Democratic chairman; Alan Crans­ sponsoring the Newspaper Preservation Bill. tional Association of Machinists, Local 1245 ton, Hugh Scott, Wallace Bennett, George The ILWU letter pointed out that "we rep­ and the ILWU, Local 142, all of whom have Murphy, Howard Baker and 24 others. resent the circulation department employes had contracts with the two Honolulu da111es In the House the sponsors include Reps. of both The Advertiser and its afternoon for the six years of the joint-plan operation, Spark Matsunaga., Ed Edmondson, House ma­ competitor~ the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, and and are thus intimately familiar with the jority whip Hale Boggs, James Symington, we understand the economics of the news­ economics of the local press. Edith Green, Don Clausen, William Mallliard, paper industry. "Local 996 and Local 5 join with these Paul McCloskey Jr. and 82 others. "Because of the desirab111ty-yes, the unions in urging the Hawa.11 Congressional The HGEA support of the measure is the necessity-of maintaining two competing and delegation and their colleagues to give hearty la.test in a. series of union and other en­ editorial voices in Hawaii, we, and the other support to the Newspaper Preservation Bills." dorsements in Hawaii. five newspaper craft unions, cooperated with Daniel K. Ainoa, executive director of the publishers in the formulation and effec­ [From the Honolulu Advertiser, Apr. 15, 1969] HGEA, sent the following letter to the Ha­ tuation of the joint facmty arrangement. NEWSPAPER BILLS GIVEN SUPPORT BY waii delegation: TUCSON DECISION PRESSMEN "The Hawaiian Government Employees "It is our opinion that the Tucson decision The Honolulu Printing Pressmen & Assist­ Association, with 17,000 members, is writ­ ing to ask your support of the Newspaper will magnify the 'problem' it would in theory ants Union, Local 413, has announced its eliminate. Certain papers produced and dis­ support of the Newspaper Preservation Bills Preservation Bills (S-1520 and HR-8765) and to urge their expeditious passage. tributed by joint facilities would be forced to now pending in Congress. close. Other papers, unable because of the The union whose members a.re employed "We a.re a.ware of the recent court deci­ sion in the Tucson newspaper case and the decision to enter into a. joint plan, would by the Hawa.11 Newspaper Agency, joint pro­ meet the same fate. In such instances the duction fac111ty for The Advertiser and the threat it represents to the survival of the Honolulu Advertiser and its joint-plan rela­ community is the loser. Star-Bulletin, is the fifth labor organization "Today, we have in Hawaii two independent to pledge its support to the Congressional tionship with the afternoon Star-Bulletin. "The Advertiser was widely known to be dailies. We have two distinct editorial policies legislation. and excellent news coverage. We want to John Pedro, president of the Pressmen's in an ominous financial condition before en­ tering in 1962 into a consolidation of its com­ keep both. Union, said he and his members are asking "We believe, because we are familiar with Hawaii's Congressional delegation and other mercial departments with those of the Star­ Bulletin (but with a retention of inde­ the local situation, that if the joint facility Congressmen to support the Newspaper Pres­ were broken up, The Advertiser would die. ervation Bills. pendent ownerships and editorial staffs and He said passage of the bills would "elimi­ policies). It ls clear that if the joint arrange­ THEORY ONLY nate the threat to the existence of the morn­ ment were ordered dissolved, The Advertiser "In theory it could be argued that some ing Honolulu Advertiser, a threat created could not survive as a separate institution. person or some corpor ation would establish a by the recent Supreme Court decision in the "The two daily voices which we presently new morning daily. However, the people of Tucson newspaper case. have a.re obviously better than having a. our state and the people in the several states "We do not challenge the high court," he single editorial policy in the community. where joint production facilities exist cannot said, adding: "We believe with Judge Learned Hand that read theory. They want and need two or more "But we believe the decision, if applied to the First Amendment presupposes that 'right competing papers. all papers produced and distributed on a conclusions are more likely to be gathered "We urge you and your colleagues to sup­ joint facility basis, threatens the existence of out of a multitude of tongues, than through port the Newspaper Preservation Bill and many daily papers and will be the cause of any kind of authoritative selection. To many thus preserve The Advertiser and other dally many cities winding up with one daily paper this ls, and always will be, folly; but we have newspapers. or with single ownership. staked upon it our all.' "Incidentally, all of the newspaper unions "The intent of the Sherman Act, as we "With the general welfare of Honolulu in in Honolulu recently negotiated the highest understand it, is to prevent monopolies. mind, we would appreciate whatever you and wage increases ever. The increases, which "The Tucson decision, unless remedied by your colleagues are able to do to facilitate range from $40 to $48 a week, would not have legislation, will encourage newspaper monop­ the passage of the Newspaper Preservation been possible without joint fa.c111ty produc­ olies in certain cities and defeat the purpose Bills." t ion and distribution." Other organizations which have similarly of the Sherman Act." GUILD BACKING Pedro pointed out that the Pressmen have backed the legislation include the Hawaii An endorsement of the Newspaper Preser­ negotiated with The Advertiser and the Star­ Newspaper Guild, the Printing Pressmen and Bulletin (and their joint production facility, Assistants Union Local 413, the Lithogra­ vation Bill similar to the ll.WU's was an­ phers & Photoengravers Union Local 201, In­ nounced April 1 by the executive committee the Hawaii Newspaper Agency) for more than of the 370-member Hawaii Newspaper Guild 10 yea.rs. ternational Association of Machinists Local 1245, the n.wu Local 142, the Teamsters & (AFL-CIO). "We are familiar with the past and cur­ The congressional sponsors of the legisla­ rent financial status of both," he said. "It is Allied Workers Local 996, the Hotel, Restau­ rant Employes and Bartenders Union Local 5, tion include both liberals and conservatives our opinion that The Advertiser would have from the Democratic and Republican parties. died had it not entered int.o a joint fac111ty AFL-CIO, the Hawaii Education Association, and the Retail Board of the Chamber of Com­ arrangement with its competitor." [From the Honolulu Advertiser, May 5, 1969] Pedro also pointed out that in Honolulu merce. "the two dailies have two distinct editorial SEVEN THOUSAND FlvE HUNDRED IN HAW All policies and Honolulu has superior news cov­ [From the Honolulu Sunday Star-Bulletin & EDUCATION BACK BILL To SAVE NEWSPAPERS erage. Advertiser, Apr. 6, 1969] The Ha.wall Education Association, com­ "It is the consensus of the community that n.wu BACKS Bn.L To SAVE NEWSPAPER posed of 7,500 teachers and others in Island it would be a tragedy for Honolulu t.o be­ Support of the Newspaper Preservation education, Saturday reaffirmed its support of come a single-ownership city or a single­ Bill now in Congress was voiced yesterday by the Newspaper Preservation Bills now before dally city," he said. the International Longshoremen's and Ware­ the U.S. Senate and House. Pedro and the 152 members of the Hono­ housemen's Union in Hawaii, on behalf of its Letters signed by Daniel W. Tuttle, Jr., lulu and Hilo local of the Pressmen's Union 26,000 members. executive secretary of H.E.A., whose members said Congressional support of the Newspa­ Carl Dama.so, president of the statewide are unified with the National Education As­ per Preservation Bllls "would contribute Local 142, said the remedial legislation is sociation, a.re being sent to the Ha.wall dele­ greatly to the preservation of competitive necessary because of the Supreme Court rul­ gation and to other members of Congress. journalism here and in several other cities." ing in a. Tucson newspaper case. They reiterate the organization's position Other newspaper unions which have ex­ The decision, he said in a letter to Hawaii's taken last fall. Congress adjourned before pressed support for the bllls are the Hawall congressional delegation, poses a real threat the legislation could be passed and new bills 13490 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 22, 1969 have since been introduced and are awaiting [From the Honolulu Star-Bulletin, tinuing concern here in the Congress for action in the Senate and House Judiciary May 16, 1969] remedial action in this field. Committees. The H.E.A. letters asks "assist­ HAWAII LEGISLATURE BACKS NEWSPAPER Third. In addition to the omnibus bill, ance in a crisis facing The Honolulu Adver­ PRESERVATION BILL there are individual measures dealing tiser-and a score of other newspapers across Hawaii's Legislature has endorsed national the country-as a result of the Supreme with an overhaul of the cargo preference legislation aimed at preventing Honolulu program and extending to the entire Court's recent ruling in a Tucson case. and other cities from having only one news­ "A legislative remedy is urgently needed. paper or single ownership of the newspapers. merchant marine a program to encour­ "Six years ago the morning Advertiser, in A concurrent resolution was adopted by age the investment of private funds in dire financial straits, merged its commercial the House yesterday and the Senate on new ship construction. functions (mechanical, advertising, circula­ Wednesday expressing "full support in the Fourth. The legislation which the 90th tion) but not its editorial with the afternoon passage of the Newspaper Preservation Bills." Congress passed-and which was pocket­ Star-Bulletin. The result was to keep The The resolution referred to the joint-plan Advertiser alive and to preserve for the vetoed by the President-to teconstitute operation of the Honolulu Advertiser and the the Maritime Administration as an in­ community two separate and independent Honolulu Star-Bulletin, which are separately editorial voices. owned and have independent editorial poli­ dependent agency, has been reintroduced "The alternative would have been a full cies and staffs, but share production facilities. under the cosponsorship of more than merger with the Star-Bulletin, resulting in a "The existing Honolulu Joint-plan must be 170 of our colleagues in the House of single ownership of morning and afternoon allowed to continue because its dissolution Representatives. One of these bills is papers and a single editorial policy. will precipitate either a single newspaper or H.R. 266 of which I am a cosponsor. "This has been the route which papers in single ownership of both newspapers to the For all of these reasons, Mr. Speaker, much larger cities-such as Minneapolis, great loss and detriment of the State of Ha­ I am heartened about our maritime pros­ Milwaukee, Atlanta, among others-have waii, including the City and County of Hono­ gone, and without Justice Department ac­ lulu," the resolution said. pects. For the first time in recent years, tion. Hawaii's U.S. Senators Hiram L. Fong and we can look forward today with reason­ "We would submit," said the H.E.A., "that Daniel K. Inouye and Representat.ive Spark able optimism to the day when our U.S. the general welfare is better served by a par­ M. Matsunaga are pushing the national news..­ merchant marine will be a source of pride tial merger with two voices than by the full paper preservation bills with 31 other Sen­ to the country. I believe there is in this merger with one voice. ators and approximately 90 other Representa­ Chamber, and in the executive branch, "If the joint plan in Honolulu were broken tives as co-sponsors. a new spirit of determination to achieve up, The Advertiser as an entity would die. The bills would provide relief from a re­ cent U.S. Supreme Oourt ruling in a Tucson this goal, a determination based on the So would the financially weaker paper in recognition that a healthy merchant fleet most, if not all, of the other joint-plan cities newspaper case which threatens joint-plan including Nashville, San Francisco, Pitts­ publishing arrangements in many U.S. cities. is a vital part of our overall capability burgh, Miami, Tulsa, Knoxville, Birmingham, on the world's seas, and that this sea­ Columbus, Ohio, Madison, Wis., Salt Lake RESOLUTION 96 going capability ls a requisite of our City, Charleston, W. Va., Evansville and Fort Whereas, Senator Daniel K. Inouye, Sen­ national security today just as it has al­ Wayne, Ind., El Paso, Shreveport, Bristol, ator Hiram L. Fong, and Representative ways been in the history of our country. Va.-Tenn., St. Louis, Albuquerque and Lin­ Spark M. Matsunaga are among the 32 sen­ For those who may doubt, or feel coln, Neb. ators and 90 representatives sponsoring the indifferent to, the role of seagoing "To save the joint-plan papers, Newspaper Newspaper Preservation Bill; and strength in international security affairs, Preservation Bills (S-1620 and HR-8766 and Whereas, the Newspaper Preservation Bill others in the House, all identical) have been will make it possible for independent news­ I recommend the reading of an article introduced by 33 Senators and some 90 Rep­ papers to use Joint facilities; and which highlights in a graphic manner resentatives. They run the political gamut Whereas, the I.L.W.U. supports said bill; just what the Soviet Union is doing in in both Senate and House. now, therefore, this connection. "The proposed legislation provides simply Be it resolved by the Council of the County I believe it has implications which that when a failing paper merges its com­ of Maul that it does hereby urge the Congres­ ought to be of highest concern to this mercial but not its editorial functions with sional Delegation from Hawaii to support the Government and to the American people. a stronger competitior, the result should be Newspaper Preservation Rill; and Be it further resolved that certified copies The article appeared in the Christian treated under law as if it were in a full mer­ Science Monitor for May 21, 1969. I in­ ger. of this resolution be transmitted to the Ha­ "No predatory practices would be con­ waii Congressional Delegation. clude it at this point in my remarks: doned or permitted. In other words, the par­ SOVIET AID FORMS STRATEGY PATl'ERN tial merger could engage in no actions which (By Elizabeth K. Valkenier) are not permitted in a full merger. U.S. MERCHANT MARINE There is a pattern to Soviet maritime activ­ "Hawaii's Senator Dan Inouye, chief spon­ ities that has gone largely unnoticed-that of sor of the Senate bill"-along with Senator (Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama asked creating naval facilities and gathering intel­ Hiram L. Fong and colleagues on both sides and was given permission to extend his ligence under the guise of economic aid. of the aisle-"put it well when he said, remarks at this point in the RECORD and Long before the dramatic appearance of the 'Where the public interest in a free and to include extraneous matter.) Red Fleet in various harbors from Morocco to varied press runs afoul of the language but Iraq the soviets had bullt or modernized not the spirit nor the intent of the anti­ Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr. ports and developed commercial fishing for trust laws, it is time for Congress to take Speaker, I am one of those who views countries along the shores of the Mediter­ corrective action.' The large number of co­ today's observance of Maritime Day ranean, the Persian Gulf, and elsewhere sponsors shows a substantial sharing of this with a rising sense of optimism. The rea­ around Africa. viewpoint. sons for this optimism are many: Certain Soviet activities preceding the "What an irony it would be if the Sher­ First. During last year's campaign, Cuban missile crisis of 1962 indicate that man Act, designed to stimulate competition, President Nixon spoke of his commit­ there can be a direct connection between were employed in the Joint-plan newspaper ment to a new program to revitalize the this type of economic assistance and military cases to destroy the competition in ideas so operations. fervently needed in an increasingly complex American merchant marine, a program In that summer the Soviets tried to camou­ world. that would be fair and equitable to all flage their stepped-up military traffic by pub­ "H.E.A. hopes you can see your way clear segments of this industry. Since he as­ licizing the technical aid granted to Havana. to give this legislation your support." sumed office, the President and numer­ They asserted they were busy enlarging the All but one of the labor organizations ous officials in the executive branch Cuban trawler fleet, locating fishing grounds, which have contracts with ·The Advertiser, have reaffirmed that commitment, and and building a new fishing port on the The Star-Bulletin and the Hawall News­ have let it be known that the adminis­ Atlantic to be used Jointly by Cuba and the paper Agency have strongly endorsed the tration is working on a program for sub­ Soviet Union. legislation. mission to Congress. PARALLEL ROUTES These include the Hawaii Newspaper Second. Legislration has already been After the Kennedy-Khrushchev confronta­ Guild (AFL-CIO); Local 142, International introduced in this session to modernize tion over the offensive missile sites in Octo­ Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union; ber, nothing more was heard of the ambitious Local 413, Honolulu Printing Pressmen and the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, and plans for the joint fishing port aside from Assistants Union; Local 201, the Lithograph­ while in my view that omnibus maritime delivery of a floating dry dock for Havana's ers and Photoengravers International Union; bill needs strengthening to make it serve harbor in the fall of 1964. and Lodge 1246, International Association the needs of this Nation, the fact that it Sinister objectives, as in the case of Cuba, of Machinists. was introduced is a reflection of the con- are not the only purpose of Soviet maritime May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13491 aid. But its pattern does suggest definite The latest object of Soviet interest is the decisions made by the Court will show a strategic aims along important sea routes for port of Aden. Strategically better located and decided change for the better. the worldwide operations of the Soviet Navy. far larger than Hodeida, it has already served Take the matter of ports, for example. With as a port of call for Soviet warships cruising And finally, Mr. Burger is not in any an eye to securing easier access to the Indian the Indian Ocean. In February of this year, way a crony of the President who ap­ Ocean. Moscow began to acquire a foothold South Yemen signed an aid agreement with pointed him. There is no question of hav­ south of Suez. The first economic aid agree­ Moscow to improve Aden's harbor and docks. ing too close an association with the ment concluded with Yemen in 1958 provided Soviet eagerness to enlarge this port's fa­ White House or with any part of the for the construction of a port at Hodeida. cilities suggests that the Red Fleet hopes to executive branch, or for that matter, Four years later, the Soviets began working add Aden to its list of repair and supply with the Congress or any political group. on a deep-water port at Berbera in Somalia. bases that already includes Algiers, Alex­ to And in May, 1967, just before the outbreak andria, Port Said, and Latakia. If those in­ This is not to say that I expect agree of the Arab-Israeli war, they undertook to tensions are realized, Russia will have taken with each and every decision and com­ build a fishing harbor for the United Arab a major step toward achieving its dream of ment made by Mr. Burger if he is con­ Republic. Locat ed in the Gulf of Suez, it was a permanent presence in both the Mediter­ firmed as Chief Justice. to serve as a base for joint Soviet-Egyptian ranean and the Indian Ocean. I expect that I will not agree with him deep-sea fishing in the Mediterranean, the on many occasions. But certainly I will Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean. find myself comfortable with his ap­ On the west coast of Africa, Guinea re­ APPOINTMENT OF JUDGE WARREN proach to the vital role of the Chief ceived Soviet assistance in reconstructing the BURGER AS CHIEF JUSTICE Justice in our system of government. port at Conakry under the terms of the first aid agreement of 1959. With the harbor (Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama asked And I believe most of us in the first dredged, Soviet warships could dock at and was given permission to extend his congressional district of my State will Conakry wh en they took to cruising African remarks at this point in the RECORD and feel the same way. waters 10 years later. In nearby Ghana, the to include extraneous matter.) The appointment of Judge Burger, of Soviets managed to modernize the fishing Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr. course, is that of Chief Justice to replace port at Terna before Kwame Nkrumah was Speaker, the appointment of Judge War­ Justice Earl Warren who is retiring after overthrown. ren Burger as Chief Justice of the Su­ long years on the Court. SURVEY DROPPED preme Court is a good appointment, in Mr. Nixon still has the appointment to It must have been the prospects of greater my opinion. fill the vacancy arising because of the strategic mobility in the western Mediter­ ranean that prompted the Soviets early in While I am not personally acquainted resignation of Justice Abe Fortas a few 1961 to insist on making a survey for a with Judge Burger I know that he has days ago. shipyard at the small fishing port at Alhuce­ an enviable reputation as a man of solid There is now some controversy over mas on the northern shore of Morocco. integrity, hard work, and dedication to another Associate Justice, William O. Western technicians had previously advised the highest principles of justice. Douglas. Like Justice Fortas, he, also, against the project, since the port was not He meets the test of qualification that has apparently received funds, other served by a r ailroad. Eventually the Russians I set forth in a bill I introduced regard­ than his salary, while serving on the reached the same conclusion and shift ed their ing Supreme Court Justices. In that bill Court. feasibility studies to the bay of Tangier. The construction of shipyards at Bassra I proposed that anyone appointed to the The funds have been paid him by one in Iraq and at Alexandria has extended the Court have at least 10 years experience or more groups with obvious interests in reach of Soviet sea power. Red Fleet units as a judge, either on a State supreme matters of Government policy and ac­ regularly visit Alexandria nowadays, where court or a U.S. court of appeals. tion. There is some feeling that Justice they maintain their supply and repair facili­ Mr. Burger, at age 61, has served for Douglas, also, may decide to leave the ties. Bassra became a port of call in May, 13 years on the Court of .Appeals of the Court. 1968, a visit which marked the first appear­ District of Columbia. Over the next 3 or 4 years President ance ever of the Russian Navy in the Persian to Gulf. But further than that he fits my pic­ Nixon may have the opportunity com­ Numerous other ma ritime projects, es­ ture of how a Supreme Court Justice pletely change the complexion of the pecially in countries that do not receive ought to think, and he fits the picture Supreme Court. I believe this is probably Soviet military aid, serve as a strategic wedge. that I believe the great majority of the most important task he will have as Work on such projects, resulting in extensive Americans have. President. use of these countries' ports and coastal He is a conservative on the question In my view it has never been more im­ waters, establishes a Russian presence and of law and order. By that I mean he be­ portant that the Supreme Court retain can facilitate the gathering of intelligence. lieves that laws are enactoo to be obeyed. a position that is completely above all TRAINING RECEIVED He has opposed court decisions which possible reproach. Its members must be In several cases the only aid the Soviet emphasize rights of the a~cused at the without blemish as men of total integrity. Union renders to a strategically located coun­ expense of the victims of crime. The reason this is so vital today is that try that has not been particularly cordial to He believes in a truly balanced assess­ the so-called establishment is under fire Moscow is connected with the sea. ment of fairness in seeking fair trials in from all directions. In the Persian Gulf, Kuwait ls enlarging its If fishing fleet with Russian-built seiners on criminal cases. He chides other Federal our system of government is to re­ which Kuwaiti sailors also receive training judges for insisting on "perfect trials" main healthy and orderly it is absoh:tely from Soviet experts. which all too often result in turning the essential that the Supreme Court is free In Jordan, Moscow had no success with its criminal loose on a technicality. of any possible attack on its veracity. I military aid offers. But early in 1968 it per­ On the court of appeals he frequently believe the appointment of Judge Burger suaded Amman to accept economic assistance has been the only judge to stand up for as Chief Justice meets this need. for a number of unspecified "maritime pro­ the local Policeman and the general pub­ jects," thereby extending the Soviet presence lic. He once wrote that the decisions to the Gulf of Aqaba. which have made it so difficult to con­ A TRIBUTE TO AGOSTON The development of commercial fishing, a HARASZTHY prominent it em in Soviet aid program, 0ften vict criminals run the risk of creating opens up the ports of the aid recipient to "a society incapable of defending itself." (Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN asked and was Soviet trawlers. Under the terms of the 1964 These decisions could lead to "the im­ given permission to extend his remarks aid agreement, Tanzania permits Soviet fish­ potent society" as he called it. at this point in the RECORD and to include ing vessels to dock in its ports in return for He has consistently, in his work as a extraneous matter.) assistance in developing its ocean fishing. A judge in the District of Columbia, de­ Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker, similar reciprocity exists with Senegal. manded commonsense and responsibility on Sunday, May 11, the American Hun­ The facilit ies thus acquired increase the in criminal law. garian Federation paid tribute to Agoston range of Soviet fishing fleets. These fleets often include electronic intelligence-gather­ Just as important, he takes the view Haraszthy, a pioneer in American agri­ ing ships disguised as trawlers. Soviet trawl­ that the Supreme Court's task is to in­ culture, and the "father " of modern Cali­ ers have also been used for landing and pick­ terpret the law and the Constitution, not fornia viticulture. tng up undercover agents. Last autumn to rewrite it. Col. Agoston Haraszthy came to Amer­ Ghana intercepted some Russian fishing He takes the strict constructionist ica in 1840 as a "political exile." His ear­ boats on suspicion of smuggling arms. position in that he believes the Consti­ lier struggles in Europe and his ultimate _ADEN OBJECTIVE tution should be considered for what it achievements in the United States are Moscow's persistence in offering economic actually says, not for what it might say. truly an "American success story" that aid that builds up an infrastructure for later To the extent that his position as Chief deserves to be told and retold. naval capability continues unabated. Justice influences the Court, I believe Thus it is, that I insert in the RECORD 13492 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 22, 1969 today, the eulogy to Agoston Haraszthy garian state which was separated from the did not come about by a chance decision. that was delivered by Dr. Elemer Bako at rest of the country after the Turkish occu­ Haraszthy's generation was already well in­ the centennial memorial program in pation of the central regions of Hungary in formed about the American way of life by Colonel Haraszthy's honor on the patio the 16th century, kept up the banner of the work of Alexander Bolon! Farkas, a Hun­ of the Department of Agriculture last freedom and hope for the adjoining terri­ garian from Transylvania, who traveled in tories. Consequently, participation in public the United States in 1831, and in an excellent Sunday. affairs for the families around the Haraszthys book which quickly achieved two editions, Today, 100 years following his passing, was traditionally a "nobile officium", and described the institutions and the people at I am privileged to represent here in the propagation of the public good was obliga­ America. The leader of the Hungarian reform Congress that region along the north tory. The able sons of these famllies promot­ movement, Count Szechenyl himself wrote to coast of California so richly blessed by ed the country's political, economic and cul­ the author that "according to my knowledge, Colonel Haraszthy's contributions to our tural interests and often allied themselves there is no other writer who, up to our times, for the service of such tasks. had presented the Hungarian fatherland and State's wine industry. It is estimated that Another essential part of Agx)Ston Harasz­ its public with a more useful and beautiful 80 percent of California's harvested thy's personal heritage, his mind's preoccu­ gift." This work became the source of infor­ grapes are the direct descendants of the pation with viticultural matters, originated mation for all educated Hungarians, includ­ vine samplings he collected throughout also with the town of Mezo-Telegd which is ing Agoston Haraszthy, about the United Europe more than 100 years ago. located, at the outskirts of the city of Nagy­ States. Dr. Elemer Bako, area specialist, Li­ varad, among grape-bearing h1lls. This little Although he came in the wake of Kossuth's brary of Congress, chairman of the Cul­ town, populated then mostly by Hungarian political activities to America, during his tural Committee of the American Hun­ farmers adhering to the Calvinist faith, coming years in the United States Haraszthy produced wines of excellent quality. turned more in the direction of Szechenyl's garian Federation, gave the following When and how Agoston Haraszthy's par­ philosophy who cautioned against premature address: ents moved to Futak, in Southern Hungary, political action and preferred economic evolu­ AGOSTON HARASZTHY'S HUNGARIAN in the so-called Bacska, is yet unknown to tion for his nation. When, after four years BACKGROUND us. There, the Haraszthys were surrounded in this country {during which Haraszthy The man whose memory we came to hon­ by German settlers who were invited to Hun­ founded the present Sauk City, then named or here today, was an extraordinary per­ gary by the Habsburgs in the wake of the "Town Haraszt hy" after him, and planted sonality, by his conduct of life, by his per­ expulsion of the Turks in the 18th century. his first ho pyard in Wisconsin) , he returned sonal appearance, as well as by the virtue It might have been the initiative and crea­ shortly to Hungary, persuaded his father to of the high goals he set for himself and for tive talents of the Haraszthys (so splendidly sell the family estate and to move with his his contemporaries, eminently for the new demonstrated by Agoston later) which moved only son's family to America, Haraszthy be­ settlers and planners of California's economy his parents to this region: its soil was the came the embodiment of the type of Sze­ in the 1850's. These character traits marked richest in Hungary, and it appeared to be chenyi in his new country. His farsighted him as a leader early after his immigration in the best interest of the Hungarian nation planning toward the realization of his dream: to the United States: a leader who possessed to have at least some Hungarians among the the great future of California as the leading the powers of initiative, imagination and in­ new owners of that rich country. grape and wine producing land of the world tellect, moral standards as well as practical Upon the conclusion of his secondary edu­ recalls the methods of Szechenyl whose call know-how. Thus, he was able to perform cation, Agoston was delegated, very likely by to reform prompted his nation to found the among the multi-faced crowd of his new the County of Ba.cs, to become a member of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Na­ environment in a rather unique way: his the Hungarian Royal Body-Guards, then tional Casino (for spirited, high-level discus­ ideas and proposals caught the eye of the stationed permanently at Vienna, Capital sions on public matters), the Hungarian rich as well as of the man of moderate means, City of the Austrian Empire. This body of National Museum, the National Theater. The of the highest official of the state as well young Hungarian talent in Vienna was re­ "Szechenyi Generation" launched the first as of the humblest vineyard hand. He was garded in Hungary as the best stock of future steamships on the Danube, initiated the reg­ able to move forward swiftly, to embrace all leadership for the nation. Among these young ulation of the rivers of Hungary, founded details of the task he took upon himself, and officers, most of whom spoke several lan­ scores of newspapers, scientific and literary to propose the solution for all phases of the guages, were found many with scholarly or journals, and laid down the foundations for work he thought should be done in the best literary interests; others turned to political a modern Hungary so solidly, that not even interest of California and of the national or economic studies. They were among the the rigid, a.bsolutistic era which followed the economy in his particular area of pioneering first in Hungary who, since the end of the defeat of the Kossuth Government in 1849 reforms, until the irresistible winds of the 18th century, familiarized themselves with by the armies of the Austrian and Russian political strife which blew over the entire the progressive ideas of Western Europe and Emperors, could destroy them but they main­ life of his new country for a number of the principles of the young American democ­ tained themselves as the great reservoirs of years, shut all doors in the face of this racy, and if not all of them became leaders the nation's intellectual and political powers. peaceful planner and builder. during the Hungarian "Age of Reform", in Agoston Haraszthy's life in the United Agoston Haraszthy's personality was form­ the second quarter of the 19th century, most States reflected a man of Szechenyi 's own ed in Hungary: first, by being born into a of them emerged as able representatives of making. His educational background, both family which had a long history in Hungary's the reform movement, led by its recognized as an officer and public official, enabled him northeastern regions where the flames of leader, Count Stephen Szechenyi. of moving along smoothly and effectively liberty and freedom were always kept alive. The Imperial Court, sensing the new power through established channels; his social Both in the County of Ung (from where the beyond the call for reform, reacted through training came through in his polished man­ title of nobility of the Haraszthys derives) the ingenious system of control and oppres­ ners, while the common citizens, including and in the County of Bihar, at the gates of sion which was the true reflection of its the workers in the vineyard, were filled with Transylvania {where Agoston Haraszthy's im­ master-mind, the omniscient and omnipo­ enthusiasm over his "money-making" ideas. mediate ancestors were living for several gen­ tent Chancellor Prince Metternich. The po­ The heritage which he carried with himself erations), the home atmosphere of the tentially dangerous leaders like Louis Kos­ to his new country was woven by invisible Haraszthys, through many generations, was suth and Baron Nicholas Wesselenyi were hands into the texture of his American life: that of the landed nobiUty: they received jailed for several years, causing also the gradually he became an American citizen, their education in the classics at the college, downfall of many of their open or secret deeply loyal and inseparably attached to the then proceeded as practitioners in matters of followers among the reform-minded genera­ United States. This new, inner self emerges public administration, in the management of tion of the young. at the sight of the flag in the French city their estates and other properties, including Agoston Haraszthy, then in his 28th year, of Bordeaux, from the depth of Agoston Ha­ various industrial establishments. They have with tenures of service as private secretary raszthy's soul when he wrote in his diary on received their training for both to serve in to the Palatine (Vice-Roy) of Hungary and September 15, 1861: office in times of peace and to serve in the as a district administration chief in Ba.cs "As it was Sunday, all that could be done armed forces in times of war. County, probably became entangled (as sug­ was to walk a.round the city and write corre­ It was especially the second home of the gested by his own statements) in these po­ spondence. Bordeaux is a very fine city. It Haraszthys, the town of Mezo-Telegd, in litical movements. Since he was already mar­ possesses large, shady walks, promenades and Bihar County, situated among rolling hills ried (to a. Polish beauty of that country's squares. It has a good safe harbor in the of romantic beauty, two miles from the his­ nobiUty, whose family was forced earlier to River Oaronne ... Many ships from our torical city of Nagyvarad, which formed the flee Poland for similar anti-Habsburg activi­ own country sweep the harbor with their airy heritage most decisive for Agoston Ha.rasz­ ties), Agoston Haraszthy, also father of three forms. High above all others ls unfurled to thy's life in America. Among the landed young children, had to seek his future some­ the winds the beautiful Star-spangled Ban­ neighbors of the Haraszthys there were rep­ where else. Thus, accompanied by a. young ner. In beholding the flag of my country, resentatives of the aristocracy, like the relative, Charles Halasz, Agoston entered the I felt rush into my heart a thrill of pleasure Counts Haller and Korniss (both with close United States in 1840, and settled in the and pride. Even without the flag, it was easy ties to Transylvania) as well as numerous Territory of Wisconsin as a "political exile", to recognize at once our American ships. representatives of the common nobility: the indicating that his association with Kos­ Their high masts, towering far above the Miskolczys, Fra.ters, Va.radys, Jakabfys, Ka­ suth's and Wesselenyl's followers caused him forest around them, their sharp-cut bows, racsonyis and others. The vicinity of the to leave his country. their finely-moulded lines, pronounced them Principate of Transylvania, a small Hun- His travel to the United States of America American." May 22, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 13493 The former country gentry and officer of Mr. DULSKI, for May 26 through 29, ADJOURNMENT the Royal Body-Guards, the struggling young on account of official business. Mr. CAFFERY. Mr. Speaker, I move Reformist submerged with the past, but Mr. THOMPSON of Georgia, for May their values contributed decisively to the that the House do now adjourn. emergence of a variant among the citizenry 26 through June 6, on account of official The motion was agreed to; accordingly of the United States: like the great vines of business. (at 12 o'clock and 54 minutes p.m.), un­ Hungary which strive on the fertile soil of der its previous order, the House ad­ California but their fruits are different from SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED journed until Monday, May 26, 1969, at those of Tokaj and the Balaton Lake region, 12 o'clock noon. the American Hungarian, with all his senti­ By unanimous consent, permission to mental affection and cultural heritage which address the House, following the legis­ might still bind him to his past, is as loyal lative program and any special orders EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, and genuine an American as his next door heretofore entered, was granted to: ETC. neighbor. Agoston Haraszthy was the first, shining Mr. FEIGHAN, today, for 10 minutes; to Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu­ example of this creative, dedicated American revise and extend his remarks and to in­ tive communications were taken from the Hungarian citizen. clude extraneous matter. Speaker's table and referred as follows: Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin cat the re­ 792. A letter from the Office of the Secre­ U.S. SENATE, quest of Mr. BEALL of Maryland), for Washington, D.O. tary of the Navy, transmitting a draft of 30 minutes, today; to revise and extend proposed legislation to authorize the ex­ I regret deeply that previous commitments his remarks and include extraneous in California prevent me from being here tension of certain naval vessel loans now in to speak to you today, for this ls indeed a matter. existence and new loans, ruid for other pur­ memorable occasion. Colonel Agoston (The following Members (at the re­ poses; to the Committee on Armed Services. Haraszthy, who came to California by ox­ quest of Mr. CAFFERY) to revise and ex­ 793. A letter from the Secretary of Health, team with the forty-niners, fortunately had tend their remarks and include extra­ Education, and Welfare, transmitting the quite a distinct vocation from those seekers Annual Report of the Department of Health, neous matter:) Education, and Welfare for fiscal year 1968; of gold. His, as we know, was agriculture and Mr. GONZALEZ, for 10 minutes, today. the harvest of his work and foresight is stlll to the Committee on Education and Labor. being reaped today, 100 years after his death. Mr. MATSUNAGA, for 15 minutes, today. 794. A letter from the Assistant Secretary Perhaps this recognition was most suc­ for Congressional Relations, Department of cinctly noted in a California State Legisla­ State, transmitting a draft of proposed legis­ ture resolution of 1961 which not only paid EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS lation to authorize appropriations for ex­ tribute to Colonel Haraszthy's pioneering penses of the U.S. section of the United By unanimous consent, permission, to States-Mexico Commission for Border De­ efforts in agriculture but formally desig­ revise and extend remarks was granted nated him as the "father" of modern Cali­ velopment and Friendship; to the Commit­ fornia viticulture. to: tee on Foreign Affairs. During two decades in California, Colonel (The following Members