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Reducing Crossover Accidents on Kansas Highways Using Milled Centerline Rumble Strips

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Reducing Crossover Accidents on Kansas Highways Using Milled Centerline Rumble Strips Report No. K-TRAN: KSU-00-4 FINAL REPORT REDUCING CROSSOVER ACCIDENTS ON KANSAS HIGHWAYS USING MILLED CENTERLINE RUMBLE STRIPS Eugene R. Russell Margaret J. Rys Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas SEPTEMBER 2006 K-TRAN A COOPERATIVE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROGRAM BETWEEN: KANSAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS 1 Report No. 2 Government Accession No. 3 Recipient Catalog No. K-TRAN: KSU-00-4 4 Title and Subtitle 5 Report Date REDUCING CROSSOVER ACCIDENTS ON KANSAS HIGHWAYS September 2006 USING MILLED CENTERLINE RUMBLE STRIPS 6 Performing Organization Code 7 Author(s) 8 Performing Organization Report Eugene R. Russell and Margaret J. Rys No. 9 Performing Organization Name and Address 10 Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Kansas State Universiy Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering Department 11 Contract or Grant No. 1530 West 15th Street, Room 2150 C1185 Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7609 12 Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13 Type of Report and Period Kansas Department of Transportation Covered Bureau of Materials and Research Final Report 700 SW Harrison Street July 2001 – August 2006 Topeka, Kansas 66603-3754 14 Sponsoring Agency Code RE-0193-01 15 Supplementary Notes For more information write to address in block 9. 16 Abstract In the USA, shoulder rumble strips are very common. It is estimated that they reduce run-of-the-road crashes up to 25%. The Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) has installed rumble strips on the shoulders of almost all state highways in the state. However, Kansas has several miles of two-lane highways with no shoulder. These highways have a number of single vehicle run-of-the-road crashes (both sides) as well as crashes from cars going across the centerline and colliding with on-coming vehicles (crossover crashes). Some U.S. states have been using or experimenting with centerline rumble strips (CLRS). In most states that use them, they are used only on no-passing sections or curves. KDOT contracted with Kansas State University (KSU) to survey other states and summarize their experience and to develop a research design to evaluate KDOT test installations. KSU surveyed U.S. and Canadian provinces and found no serious negative problems with CLRS and recommended that they be field tested. KSU field tested several patterns of rumble strips, i.e., varying width and spacing. After selecting the best patterns, KDOT installed about 15 miles of two patterns of on the centerline of a two-lane state highway. Concurrently, the authors were contractors on an NCHRP synthesis on U.S. and Canadian experience with CLRS. This K-TRAN report summarizes the findings of safety benefits and non-benefits from this nationwide survey. It describes research on the Kansas test patterns leading to recommendations on the best patterns, and the results and conclusions of field testing of these patterns regarding drivers’ acceptance and perceived benefits of CLRS. The overall conclusion of this study is that the safety benefits of CLRS outweigh some non-benefits and they are a viable, low-cost safety device for reducing cross over crashes on two-lane highways. 17 Key Words 18 Distribution Statement Accidents, Centerline Rumble Strips, Crossover No restrictions. This document is Accidents, Rumble Strips and Shoulders available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161 19 Security Classification 20 Security Classification 21 No. of pages 22 Price (of this report) (of this page) 50 Unclassified Unclassified Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) REDUCING CROSSOVER ACCIDENTS ON KANSAS HIGHWAYS USING MILLED CENTERLINE RUMBLE STRIPS Final Report Prepared by Eugene R. Russell Professor Emeritus and Margaret J. Rys Associate Professor A Report on Research Sponsored By THE KANSAS DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TOPEKA, KANSAS and KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY MANHATTAN, KANSAS September 2006 © Copyright 2006, Kansas Department of Transportation PREFACE The Kansas Department of Transportation’s (KDOT) Kansas Transportation Research and New- Developments (K-TRAN) Research Program funded this research project. It is an ongoing, cooperative and comprehensive research program addressing transportation needs of the state of Kansas utilizing academic and research resources from KDOT, Kansas State University and the University of Kansas. Transportation professionals in KDOT and the universities jointly develop the projects included in the research program. NOTICE The authors and the state of Kansas do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade and manufacturers names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report. This information is available in alternative accessible formats. To obtain an alternative format, contact the Office of Transportation Information, Kansas Department of Transportation, 700 SW Harrison, Topeka, Kansas 66603-3754 or phone (785) 296-3585 (Voice) (TDD). DISCLAIMER The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views or the policies of the state of Kansas. This report does not constitute a standard, specification or regulation. EDITOR’S CLARIFICATION The authors refer to a draft Synthesis or a NCHRP Project within this report. That draft Synthesis/NCHRP Project was published in January 2005, as NCHRP Synthesis 339, “Centerline Rumble Strips.” It is available on the Transportation Research Board’s website at: http://trb.org/news/blurb_detail.asp?id=4860 (website current as of this report date). i ABSTRACT In the USA, shoulder rumble strips are very common. It is estimated that they reduce run-of-the- road crashes up to 25%. KDOT has installed rumble strips on the shoulders of almost all state highways in the state. However, Kansas has several miles of two-lane highways with no shoulder. These highways have a number of single vehicle run-of-the-road crashes (both sides) as well as crashes from cars going across the centerline and colliding with on-coming vehicles (crossover crashes). Some U.S. states have been using or experimenting with centerline rumble strips (CLRS). In most states that use them, they are used only on no-passing sections or curves. KDOT contracted with Kansas State University (KSU) to survey other states and summarize their experience and to develop a research design to evaluate KDOT test installations. KSU surveyed U.S. and Canadian provinces and found no serious negative problems with CLRS and recommended that they be field tested. KSU field tested several patterns of rumble strips, i.e., varying width and spacing. After selecting the best patterns, KDOT installed about 15 miles of two different patterns on the centerline of a two-lane state highway. Concurrently, the authors were contractors on an NCHRP synthesis on U.S. and Canadian experience with CLRS. This K-TRAN report summarizes the findings of safety benefits and non- benefits from this nationwide survey. It describes research on the Kansas test patterns leading to recommendations on the best patterns, and the results and conclusions of field testing of these patterns regarding drivers’ acceptance and perceived benefits of CLRS. The overall conclusion of this study is that the safety benefits of CLRS outweigh some non-benefits and they are a viable, low-cost safety device for reducing cross over crashes on two-lane highways. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................. II TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................................................III CHAPTER 1...................................................................................................................................1 CENTERLINE RUMBLE STRIPS .............................................................................................1 1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 2...................................................................................................................................2 KANSAS CLRS STUDY ...............................................................................................................2 CHAPTER 3...................................................................................................................................3 RUMBLE STRIPS LITERATURE REVIEW AND SURVEY: 1999 ......................................3 CHAPTER 4...................................................................................................................................7 UPDATED CENTERLINE RUMBLE STRIPS (CLRS) LITERATURE REVIEW AND SURVEY: 2002...............................................................................................................................7 4.1 SUMMARY (UNDER REVIEW BY NCHRP)............................................................. 7 4.2 KEY ISSUES (UNDER REVIEW BY NCHRP) ......................................................... 13 4.2.1 CLRS Effectiveness ............................................................................................... 13 4.2.2 Extent of CLRS Use............................................................................................... 13 4.2.3 Compilation of Positive Findings ......................................................................... 14 4.2.4 Compilation
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