LIST OF CHAPTERS
VOLUME ONE
Chapter 1 ETHICS IN FAMILY LAW
Chapter 2 PREMARITAL AND MARITAL AGREEMENTS
Chapter 3 JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES IN THE DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE AND GENERAL OVERVIEW OF DISSOLUTION PROCEEDINGS
Chapter 4 PARENTAL RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Chapter 5 REVISITING THE TAX PERILS OF UNALLOCATED FAMILY SUPPORT
Chapter 6 RELOCATION ISSUES IN FAMILY LAW
Chapter 7 PROPERTY: VALUATION AND DISTRIBUTION UPON DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE
Chapter 8 HOW TO AVOID BEING A PERA-PATHETIC ADVISOR
Chapter 9 SPOUSAL MAINTENANCE
Chapter 10 CHILD SUPPORT
Chapter 11 DIVORCE TAXATION
Chapter 12 DETERMINING WHEN TRUSTS ARE PROPERTY FOR THE PURPOSE OF EQUITABLE DIVISION
Chapter 13 SEPARATION AGREEMENTS
Chapter 14 THE MEDIATION PROCESS
Chapter 15 CASE MANAGEMENT PART I: COMMENCING THE ACTION
Chapter 16 CASE MANAGEMENT PART II: DISCLOSURES, DISCOVERY, SETTLEMENT, AND TRIAL
Chapter 17 EXPERT WITNESSES
Chapter 18 COURT-APPOINTED NEUTRALS
Chapter 19 ALCOHOL, DRUGS, AND PARENTING
VOLUME TWO
Chapter 20 QDRO DRAFTING TIPS AND TRAPS
Chapter 21 THE ROLE OF THE MAGISTRATE AND APPEALS FROM MAGISTRATE DECISIONS
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Chapter 22 APPELLATE ADVOCACY FOR FAMILY LAW PRACTITIONERS
Chapter 23 POST-DECREE ISSUES
Chapter 24 PRIMER ON COLLECTION LAW
Chapter 25 DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE PROCEEDINGS AND BANKRUPTCY CASES
Chapter 26 TORTS IN FAMILIES
Chapter 27 CRIMINAL ISSUES RELATED TO FAMILY LAW
Chapter 28 DOMESTIC ABUSE AND CIVIL PROTECTION ORDERS
Chapter 29 IMMIGRATION ISSUES IN FAMILY LAW
Chapter 30 THE UNIFORM CHILD ABDUCTION PREVENTION ACT
Chapter 31 SEEKING ENFORCEMENT OF FAMILY LAW ORDERS THROUGH CONTEMPT PROCEEDINGS UNDER C.R.C.P. 107: PERILS AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS
Chapter 32 FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
Chapter 33 GRANDPARENTS’ RIGHTS
Chapter 34 DEVELOPMENTS IN NON-MARRIED PARTNER LITIGATION
Chapter 35 DIVIDING MILITARY RETIREMENT BENEFITS IN DIVORCE
Chapter 36 PUBLIC BENEFITS ISSUES IN FAMILY LAW CASES
Chapter 37 REPRESENTING THE DIMINISHED-CAPACITY OR MENTALLY ILL CLIENT: COLO. RPC 1.14
Chapter 38 DEATH AND DIVORCE
Chapter 39 INTERSTATE FAMILY LAW JURISDICTION
Chapter 40 PARENTING AND THE MILITARY
Chapter 41 THE UNBUNDLED DOMESTIC RELATIONS PRACTICE
Chapter 42 ATTORNEY LIENS
SUBJECT INDEX
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VOLUME ONE
Chapter 1 ETHICS IN FAMILY LAW
§ 1.1 FAMILY LAW INVESTIGATIONS AND PROSECUTIONS
§ 1.2 BE COMPETENT, DILIGENT, AND COMMUNICATE WITH THE CLIENT
§ 1.3 KEEP CLIENT INFORMATION CONFIDENTIAL
§ 1.4 SUPERVISE NON-LAWYER ASSISTANTS
§ 1.5 DO NOT ENGAGE IN CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
§ 1.6 CONFLICTS IN COLLABORATIVE OR COOPERATIVE REPRESENTATION
§ 1.7 UNBUNDLED LEGAL REPRESENTATION
§ 1.8 PROTECT THE CLIENT’S INTERESTS WHEN THE REPRESENTATION ENDS
§ 1.9 UPHOLD THE DUTY OF CANDOR
§ 1.10 TREAT THIRD PARTIES FAIRLY
§ 1.11 CHARGE REASONABLE FEES AND SAFEGUARD CLIENT PROPERTY
§ 1.12 SECURITY INTEREST
§ 1.13 CHARGING LIEN
§ 1.14 SERVING AS A GUARDIAN AD LITEM, LEGAL REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE CHILD, OR CHILD AND FAMILY INVESTIGATOR
§ 1.15 CONCLUSION
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Chapter 2 PREMARITAL AND MARITAL AGREEMENTS
§ 2.1 INTRODUCTION
§ 2.2 PRENUPTIAL AND POSTNUPTIAL AGREEMENTS PRIOR TO 1986
§ 2.3 COLORADO MARITAL AGREEMENT ACT (CMAA) — 1986 TO JUNE 30, 2014
§ 2.3.1—Colorado Marital Agreement Act Versus Uniform Premarital Agreement Act § 2.3.2—Statutory Formalities § 2.3.3—Permissible Agreements Under CMAA § 2.3.4—Impermissible Agreements Under CMAA § 2.3.5—Enforcement § 2.3.6—Miscellaneous Provisions § 2.3.7—Estate And Probate Considerations § 2.3.8—Choice Of Law
§ 2.4 UNIFORM PREMARITAL AND MARITAL AGREEMENTS ACT (UPMAA) — EFFECTIVE DATE JULY 1, 2014
§ 2.4.1—Major Differences Between The CMAA And UPMAA § 2.4.2—Scope Of The UPMAA § 2.4.3—Enforcement § 2.4.4—Unenforceable Terms § 2.4.5—Miscellaneous Provisions
§ 2.5 CONCLUSION
Chapter 3 JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES IN THE DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE AND GENERAL OVERVIEW OF DISSOLUTION PROCEEDINGS
§ 3.1 INTRODUCTION
§ 3.2 SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION
§ 3.2.1—Domicile § 3.2.2—Waiting Period
§ 3.3 PERSONAL JURISDICTION
§ 3.3.1—Physical Presence In State Or Voluntary Appearance § 3.3.2—Long-Arm Statute § 3.3.3—Publication
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§ 3.4 COMMENCEMENT OF PROCEEDINGS
§ 3.4.1—How Commenced § 3.4.2—Venue
§ 3.5 PLEADINGS
§ 3.5.1—Petition § 3.5.2—Response/Counter-Petition § 3.5.3—Joinder Of Parties § 3.5.4—Joinder Of Claims
§ 3.6 DIVISION OF PROPERTY
§ 3.7 MAINTENANCE
§ 3.8 PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND SUPPORT OF CHILDREN
§ 3.9 DECREE OF DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 3A—Petition For Dissolution Of Marriage Exhibit 3B—Case Information Sheet Exhibit 3C—Summons Exhibit 3D—Decree Of Dissolution Of Marriage
Chapter 4 PARENTAL RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
§ 4.1 JURISDICTION IN MATTERS INVOLVING CHILDREN
§ 4.1.1—Types Of Jurisdiction § 4.1.2—Subject Matter Jurisdiction § 4.1.3—Personal Jurisdiction § 4.1.4—Military Personnel § 4.1.5—Venue § 4.1.6—Interstate Conflicts § 4.1.7—Indian Child Welfare Act
§ 4.2 BEGINNING THE ACTION
§ 4.2.1—Uniform Dissolution Of Marriage Act § 4.2.2—Children’s Code § 4.2.3—Resolution Of Jurisdictional Conflicts
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§ 4.3 CUSTODY/ALLOCATION OF PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES
§ 4.3.1—Physical Custody (Residence) § 4.3.2—Legal Custody (Decision-Making) § 4.3.3—Allocation Of Parental Responsibilities § 4.3.4—Historical Theories
§ 4.4 ALLOCATION OF DECISION-MAKING RESPONSIBILITIES
§ 4.4.1—Best Interests Standard § 4.4.2—Statutory Factors § 4.4.3—Juvenile Cases
§ 4.5 DETERMINATION OF PARENTING TIME
§ 4.5.1—Best Interests Standard § 4.5.2—Statutory Factors § 4.5.3—Resources § 4.5.4—Evidentiary Issues § 4.5.5—Experts § 4.5.6—Parenting Time Terms § 4.5.7—Transportation § 4.5.8—Out-Of-State Parenting Time § 4.5.9—Supervised Parenting Time § 4.5.10—Therapeutic Parenting Time § 4.5.11—Denial Of Parenting Time § 4.5.12—Third-Party Visitation § 4.5.13—Disputes Concerning Parenting Time § 4.5.14—Effect Of Parenting Time On Child Support
§ 4.6 PARENTING PLANS
§ 4.6.1—Residence § 4.6.2—Decision-Making § 4.6.3—Educational Issues § 4.6.4—Religious Training And Observance § 4.6.5—Medical, Dental, And Mental Health Care § 4.6.6—Finances For The Child’s Needs § 4.6.7—Dispute Resolution § 4.6.8—Other Matters
§ 4.7 RESOURCES FOR CHILDREN’S ISSUES
§ 4.7.1—Parenting Seminars § 4.7.2—Shared Parenting Support Program© § 4.7.3—Social Services Programs § 4.7.4—Parenting Coordinator
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§ 4.7.5—Decision-Maker § 4.7.6—Legal Representatives § 4.7.7—Child And Family Investigators § 4.7.8—Arbitrator
§ 4.8 ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
§ 4.8.1—Court-Ordered Mediation § 4.8.2—Voluntary Mediation § 4.8.3—Other ADR Options § 4.8.4—Settlement Conferences § 4.8.5—Masters § 4.8.6—Private Judges
§ 4.9 PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES EVALUATORS
§ 4.9.1—Purpose § 4.9.2—Statutory Authority § 4.9.3—Choosing An Evaluator § 4.9.4—County Evaluations § 4.9.5—Evaluation Costs § 4.9.6—Preparation For Evaluation § 4.9.7—Evaluation Process § 4.9.8—Suggested Practices And Procedures § 4.9.9—Confidentiality § 4.9.10—Challenging The Evaluation § 4.9.11—Supplemental Evaluations § 4.9.12—Other Evaluation Reports
§ 4.10 EVIDENCE AND WITNESSES
§ 4.10.1—Physical Evidence § 4.10.2—Testimonial Evidence § 4.10.3—Disclosure Of Witnesses § 4.10.4—Authenticity And Admissibility Of Evidence
§ 4.11 TEMPORARY ORDERS AND ORDERS IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
§ 4.11.1—Statutory Authority § 4.11.2—Automatic Temporary Injunction § 4.11.3—Temporary Parental Responsibilities Orders § 4.11.4—Effect Of Permanent Orders On Temporary Orders § 4.11.5—Orders In Emergency Situations
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§ 4.12 MODIFICATION OF THE ALLOCATION OF PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES
§ 4.12.1—Jurisdiction For Modification § 4.12.2—Modification Of Temporary Orders § 4.12.3—Modification Of Parenting Time § 4.12.4—Modification Of Decision-Making Responsibility § 4.12.5—Removal § 4.12.6—Modification By Juvenile Courts § 4.12.7—Modification Of Foreign Orders
§ 4.13 ENFORCEMENT OF PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES ORDERS
§ 4.13.1—Contempt § 4.13.2—Custodial Interference § 4.13.3—Supplemental Orders § 4.13.4—Interstate Enforcement § 4.13.5—International Child Abduction Remedies Act § 4.13.6—Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act
§ 4.14 CONCLUSION
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 4A—Form 35.4 — Pattern Interrogatories (Domestic Relations) Exhibit 4B—Section 6 — Non-Pattern Interrogatories (Child Left Alone In Client’s Care) Exhibit 4C—Section 6 — Non-Pattern Interrogatories (Drug Use And Driving Violations Under The Influence) Exhibit 4D—Motion For Court To Interview Children Pursuant To C.R.S. § 14-10-126(1)
Chapter 5 REVISITING THE TAX PERILS OF UNALLOCATED FAMILY SUPPORT
§ 5.1 BACKGROUND
§ 5.2 THE MILLER CASE
§ 5.3 A NEW WRINKLE
§ 5.4 TAX PERILS
§ 5.5 THE MILLER APPEAL (LOVEJOY v. COMMISSIONER)
§ 5.5.1—A Perplexing Decision
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§ 5.6 APPROACHES
§ 5.7 LESTER LIVES
§ 5.8 CONCLUSION
Chapter 6 RELOCATION ISSUES IN FAMILY LAW
§ 6.1 OVERVIEW
§ 6.2 RELOCATION AT THE TIME OF THE INITIAL DECREE
§ 6.2.1—Legal Standard § 6.2.2—Practical Considerations
§ 6.3 POST-DECREE RELOCATION
§ 6.3.1—Legal Standard § 6.3.2—Practical Considerations
§ 6.4 BEYOND THE LAW — ANALYZING RELOCATIONS FROM A MENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVE
§ 6.4.1—Attachment Theory § 6.4.2—Children And Conflict § 6.4.3—Relocation Risk Assessment Theory
§ 6.5 CONCLUSION
Chapter 7 PROPERTY: VALUATION AND DISTRIBUTION UPON DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE
§ 7.1 INTRODUCTION
§ 7.2 EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTIONS
§ 7.3 FOUR-STEP PROCESS IN PROPERTY DISTRIBUTION
§ 7.3.1—Tracing
§ 7.4 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTS, FURNITURE AND HOUSEHOLD GOODS, AND MISCELLANEOUS PROPERTY
§ 7.4.1—Financial Accounts § 7.4.2—Income From Separate Property § 7.4.3—Military Retirement Benefits
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§ 7.4.4—Frequent Flyer Benefits § 7.4.5—Contractual Rights § 7.4.6—Personal Injury Recoveries § 7.4.7—Donative Third-Party Instruments § 7.4.8—Gifts Between Spouses § 7.4.9—Furniture And Household Goods
§ 7.5 MOTOR VEHICLES
§ 7.6 THE FAMILY RESIDENCE
§ 7.7 DIVISION OF DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLANS
§ 7.7.1—Basic Terms And Concepts § 7.7.2—Other Types Of Deferred Compensation Plans § 7.7.3—Valuation And Distribution Of Pensions § 7.7.4—Use Of A Qualified Domestic Relations Order (QDRO)
§ 7.8 VALUING A BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL GOODWILL
§ 7.8.1—Basic Approaches To Business Valuations § 7.8.2—Valuations Considering Goodwill
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 7A—General Financial Disclosure Authorization Exhibit 7B—Property Recap Spreadsheet Example Exhibit 7C—Power Of Attorney, Motor Vehicle Exhibit 7D—Sample Quitclaim Deed Exhibit 7E—Authorization For Release Re: Pensions
Chapter 8 HOW TO AVOID BEING A PERA-PATHETIC ADVISOR
§ 8.1 CONTRIBUTION BALANCE IS NOT THE VALUE OF THE PERA BENEFIT
§ 8.2 SETTLEMENT NEGOTIATIONS
§ 8.2.1—No Immediate Lump Sum Distribution Available § 8.2.2—Include DRO Payment Options In The Settlement § 8.2.3—No Survivor Benefit In The DRO § 8.2.4—Use Pre-retirement Co-beneficiary Designation To Create Survivor Benefit
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§ 8.3 NINETY-DAY-FROM-DATE-OF-DECREE FILING DEADLINE FOR DRO
§ 8.3.1—Consider Using Placeholder DRO To Buy Additional Time § 8.3.2—Correctly Notarized Signatures Required For Both Parties
§ 8.4 IMPACT OF DISABILITY
§ 8.5 SPECIFY BENEFITS BEGIN AT PARTICIPANT’S AGE 65
§ 8.5.1—PERA Actuarially Adjusts Participant’s Final Benefit For Prior Payments To Former Spouse
§ 8.6 GAIN OR LOSS ON PERA’S DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS
§ 8.7 CONCLUSION
Chapter 9 SPOUSAL MAINTENANCE
§ 9.1 INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS
§ 9.1.1—General Introduction § 9.1.2—Statutory Overhaul In 2013 § 9.1.3—Spousal Maintenance Defined § 9.1.4—Temporary Maintenance § 9.1.5—Permanent Maintenance § 9.1.6—Maintenance In Gross § 9.1.7—Incremental Decreases Over Time § 9.1.8—Request For Maintenance In Petition
§ 9.2 FINDINGS REQUIRED
§ 9.2.1—Overview Of Necessary Findings
§ 9.3 INITIAL FINDINGS
§ 9.3.1—Income Of Each Party § 9.3.2—Apportionment Of Marital Property § 9.3.3—Financial Resources § 9.3.4—Reasonable Need
§ 9.4 TERM AND AMOUNT OF MAINTENANCE
§ 9.4.1—Term Of Maintenance § 9.4.2—Amount Of Maintenance
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§ 9.4.3—Financial Resources Of Recipient § 9.4.4—Financial Resources Of Payor § 9.4.5—Parties’ Lifestyle § 9.4.6—Distribution Of Marital Property § 9.4.7—Employment And Employability § 9.4.8—Past Income § 9.4.9—Duration Of Marriage § 9.4.10—Term And Amount Of Temporary Maintenance § 9.4.11—Age And Health Of Parties § 9.4.12—Contributions To The Marriage § 9.4.13—Nominal Award
§ 9.5 THRESHOLD TEST
§ 9.5.1—Threshold Test
§ 9.6 CONTRACTUAL MAINTENANCE PROVISIONS
§ 9.6.1—Non-Modifiable Maintenance § 9.6.2—Waiver
§ 9.7 TAX EFFECTS OF MAINTENANCE
§ 9.7.1—Deductible Or Non-Deductible § 9.7.2—Maintenance Recapture § 9.7.3—Unallocated Family Support
§ 9.8 TERMINATION OF MAINTENANCE
§ 9.8.1—Death Of Obligor § 9.8.2—Security For Maintenance § 9.8.3—Remarriage § 9.8.4—Cohabitation
§ 9.9 MODIFICATION OF MAINTENANCE
§ 9.9.1—Changed Circumstances § 9.9.2—Burden Of Proof § 9.9.3—Reservation Of Jurisdiction § 9.9.4—Effective Date Of Modification § 9.9.5—When The Request For Modification Should Be Made § 9.9.6—Retirement
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 9A—Outline Of Colorado Maintenance Cases
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Chapter 10 CHILD SUPPORT
§ 10.1 CHILD SUPPORT GENERALLY
§ 10.1.1—Available Legal Proceedings § 10.1.2—Child Support Guidelines § 10.1.3—Duration Of Child Support
§ 10.2 ESTABLISHING CHILD SUPPORT
§ 10.2.1—Initiating A Support Request § 10.2.2—Determining Income
§ 10.3 PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES: PARENTING TIME AND PHYSICAL CARE
§ 10.3.1—Shared Physical Care
§ 10.4 CHILD CARE
§ 10.4.1—Net Child Care Costs § 10.4.2—Reason Costs Are Incurred § 10.4.3—Limitation On Child Care Costs
§ 10.5 HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES FOR CHILDREN
§ 10.5.1—Health Insurance Premiums § 10.5.2—Extraordinary Medical Expenses
§ 10.6 OTHER EXTRAORDINARY EXPENSES
§ 10.6.1—Educational Expenses § 10.6.2—Travel Expenses
§ 10.7 INCOME OF THE CHILD
§ 10.7.1—Disability/Retirement Benefits For Children § 10.7.2—Social Security Benefits
§ 10.8 CALCULATING CHILD SUPPORT
§ 10.8.1—Worksheet A § 10.8.2—Worksheet B § 10.8.3—Beyond The Guidelines § 10.8.4—Deviation From The Guidelines
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§ 10.9 CHILD SUPPORT RELATED ORDERS
§ 10.9.1—Obtaining/Maintaining Health Insurance § 10.9.2—Dependency Exemptions § 10.9.3—Exchange Of Financial Information § 10.9.4—Prenatal Care And Costs Of Confinement § 10.9.5—Life Insurance
§ 10.10 POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION SUPPORT
§ 10.10.1—Definition § 10.10.2—Establishing A Postsecondary Education Support Order § 10.10.3—Duration Of Postsecondary Education Support
§ 10.11 ENFORCEMENT OF SUPPORT ORDERS
§ 10.11.1—Support Orders § 10.11.2—Child Support Enforcement Agencies § 10.11.3—Parent Locator Service § 10.11.4—UIFSA § 10.11.5—Automatic Deduction For Health Insurance § 10.11.6—Qualified Medical Child Support Orders (QMCSOs)
§ 10.12 MODIFICATION OF CHILD SUPPORT ORDERS
§ 10.12.1—Basis For Modification § 10.12.2—Effective Date
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 10A—Worksheet A Exhibit 10B—Worksheet B Exhibit 10C—Support Order Exhibit 10D—Notice To Employer To Deduct For Health Insurance Exhibit 10E—Notice To Insurance Provider Of Court-Ordered Health/ Dental Insurance Coverage Exhibit 10F—Medical Child Support Order
Chapter 11 DIVORCE TAXATION
§ 11.1 TAXATION OF PROPERTY SETTLEMENTS
§ 11.2 MARITAL RESIDENCE
§ 11.2.1—I.R.C. § 121 Requirements § 11.2.2—Effect Of Filing Status On The Exclusion
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§ 11.2.3—Property Transferred To Or From A Spouse Or Former Spouse § 11.2.4—Depreciation And Business Use
§ 11.3 ALIMONY OR SEPARATE MAINTENANCE PAYMENTS DEFINED
§ 11.3.1—Basic Definition § 11.3.2—Recapture Of Prior Year’s Alimony Deduction
§ 11.4 CHILD SUPPORT PAYMENTS
§ 11.4.1—I.R.C. § 71 § 11.4.2—Six-Month Rule § 11.4.3—Multiple Reduction Rule
§ 11.5 DEPENDENCY EXEMPTION FOR CHILD OF DIVORCED OR SEPARATED PARENTS
§ 11.6 CHILD AND DEPENDENT CARE CREDIT
§ 11.7 EARNED INCOME CREDIT
§ 11.8 HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD STATUS
§ 11.9 MEDICAL EXPENSES
§ 11.10 CHILD TAX CREDIT
§ 11.10.1—Phase-Out Of Credit § 11.10.2—Qualifying Child
§ 11.11 JOINT VERSUS SEPARATE TAX RETURNS
§ 11.12 INNOCENT SPOUSE RELIEF
§ 11.12.1—Time For Election § 11.12.2—Rules To Prevent The Inappropriate Use Of The Election
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 11A—IRS Form 8332, Release/Revocation Of Release Of Claim To Exemption For Child By Custodial Parent Exhibit 11B—IRS Form 8857, Request For Innocent Spouse Relief Exhibit 11C—IRS Form 8822, Change Of Address Exhibit 11D—2016 Tax Tables
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Chapter 12 DETERMINING WHEN TRUSTS ARE PROPERTY FOR THE PURPOSE OF EQUITABLE DIVISION
§ 12.1 CHARACTERIZING AN INTEREST IN A TRUST
§ 12.2 DISCRETIONARY INTERESTS IN THE TRUST CORPUS
§ 12.3 THE ROSENBLUM OPINION
§ 12.4 THE JONES OPINION
§ 12.5 CASE LAW AFTER JONES
§ 12.5.1—The Pooley Opinion § 12.5.2—The Guinn Opinion § 12.5.3—The Delano Opinion § 12.5.4—The Balanson Opinion § 12.5.5—The Dale Opinion § 12.5.6—Recent Updated Opinions
§ 12.6 MANDATORY INCOME INTERESTS WITHOUT VESTED REMAINDERS
§ 12.7 VESTED REMAINDER INTERESTS
§ 12.7.1—Vested Remainder Interests Subject To Defeasance
§ 12.8 NONCUMULATIVE DISCRETIONARY RIGHT OF WITHDRAWAL
§ 12.8.1—Arguments That A 5 & 5 Power Constitutes Property § 12.8.2—Arguments That A 5 & 5 Power Does Not Constitute Property
§ 12.9 WHEN THE BENEFICIARY IS A TRUSTEE
§ 12.10 GRATS AND QPERTS
§ 12.10.1—Arguments That GRATS And QPERTS Become Property When Terminated § 12.10.2—Arguments That GRATS And QPERTS Become Property When Created § 12.10.3—The Milias Case
§ 12.11 CONCLUSION
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Chapter 13 SEPARATION AGREEMENTS
§ 13.1 INTRODUCTION
§ 13.2 INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS
§ 13.2.1—Same-Sex Marriage
§ 13.3 RECITALS
§ 13.4 PARENTING PLAN
§ 13.5 CHILD SUPPORT
§ 13.6 MAINTENANCE
§ 13.7 ALLOCATION OF ASSETS
§ 13.7.1—Separate Property § 13.7.2—Real Property § 13.7.3—Household Goods, Furnishings, And Personalty § 13.7.4—Automobiles, Boats, Motorcycles, Etc. § 13.7.5—Bank And Investment Accounts § 13.7.6—Retirement Assets § 13.7.7—Cash Payments § 13.7.8—Disclosure And Undisclosed Assets § 13.7.9—Restricted Assets And Stock Option Plans § 13.7.10—Business Assets § 13.7.11—Miscellaneous Assets
§ 13.8 DISPOSITION OF DEBTS AND LIABILITIES
§ 13.9 TAXES
§ 13.9.1—Prior Filed Joint Returns § 13.9.2—Allocation Of Liability Or Refund On Returns Not Yet Filed § 13.9.3—Dependency Exemptions And Head Of Household § 13.9.4—Capital Gains And Recapture Liabilities
§ 13.10 PROFESSIONAL FEES AND COSTS
§ 13.11 ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
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§ 13.12 MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
§ 13.12.1—Satisfaction And Waiver § 13.12.2—Incorporation Into Decree § 13.12.3—Execution Of Documents, Titles, And Deeds § 13.12.4—Binding Effect § 13.12.5—Governing Law § 13.12.6—Entire Agreement § 13.12.7—Waiver Of Breach Or Default § 13.12.8—Modification § 13.12.9—Indemnity For Failure To Perform § 13.12.10—Transfer Of Property § 13.12.11—Interpretation § 13.12.12—When Agreement Takes Effect § 13.12.13—Severability § 13.12.14—Certification
§ 13.13 CONCLUSION
EXHIBIT
Exhibit 13A—Sample Parenting Plan
Chapter 14 THE MEDIATION PROCESS
§ 14.1 MEDIATION IN GENERAL
§ 14.1.1—Mediation’s Utility In The Family Law Arena § 14.1.2—Creation Of The Office Of Dispute Resolution
§ 14.2 AUTHORITY TO REFER CASES TO MEDIATION
§ 14.2.1—Court Authority To Refer Cases To Mediation § 14.2.2—Colorado Rules Of Civil Procedure § 14.2.3—Colorado Rules Of Professional Conduct
§ 14.3 CONFIDENTIALITY
§ 14.4 SELECTING A MEDIATOR
§ 14.4.1—Mediator Philosophies
§ 14.5 SCREENING CASES FOR MEDIATION
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§ 14.6 MEDIATION FORMATS
§ 14.6.1—“Shuttle Diplomacy” § 14.6.2—Face-To-Face Mediation § 14.6.3—Number And Length Of Sessions
§ 14.7 RETAINING THE MEDIATOR
§ 14.8 PREPARING THE CLIENTS FOR MEDIATION
§ 14.8.1—Managing Client Expectations
§ 14.9 PREPARING THE CONFIDENTIAL SETTLEMENT STATEMENT
§ 14.10 MEDIATION STRUCTURE
§ 14.10.1—Mediation Introduction § 14.10.2—Developing A Narrative And The Importance Of Story-Telling § 14.10.3—Negotiations In Mediation § 14.10.4—Avoiding Impasse In Mediation
§ 14.11 MEDIATED SETTLEMENT AGREEMENTS
§ 14.11.1—Enforcement Of Mediated Settlement Agreements Generally § 14.11.2—Enforcement Of Mediated Settlement Agreements In The Family Law Context
§ 14.12 OTHER DISPUTE RESOLUTION METHODS
§ 14.12.1—Collaborative Law § 14.12.2—Early Neutral Evaluation
§ 14.13 CONCLUSION
§ 14.14 BIBLIOGRAPHY
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 14A—Sample Confidential Settlement Statement Exhibit 14B—Sample Memorandum Of Understanding
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Chapter 15 CASE MANAGEMENT PART I: COMMENCING THE ACTION
§ 15.1 INITIAL CASE ASSESSMENT
§ 15.1.1—General Considerations § 15.1.2—Initial Interview § 15.1.3—Practice Tips
§ 15.2 DEFINING THE CASE
§ 15.2.1—Common Law Marriage § 15.2.2—No Formal Or Common Law Marriage § 15.2.3—Formal Marriage: Options Other Than Formal Dissolution § 15.2.4—Civil Unions
§ 15.3 PROCEDURAL/TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
§ 15.3.1—Rules § 15.3.2—Jurisdiction And Venue
§ 15.4 COMMENCEMENT OF AN ACTION
§ 15.4.1—Summons § 15.4.2—Petition § 15.4.3—Automatic Temporary Injunction § 15.4.4—Required Notice Of Involvement With Department Of Social Services § 15.4.5—Required Notice Of Prior Restraining Orders § 15.4.6—Process § 15.4.7—Response § 15.4.8—Filing With The Court § 15.4.9—Summary Checklist Of Initial Case Procedures
§ 15.5 COURT-FACILITATED MANAGEMENT OF DOMESTIC RELATIONS CASES
§ 15.5.1—Active Case Management § 15.5.2—Scheduling And Case Management For New Filings § 15.5.3—Motions
§ 15.6 MOTIONS PRACTICE
§ 15.6.1—Preliminary Considerations § 15.6.2—Making The Determination To File A Motion § 15.6.3—Filing A Motion
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§ 15.6.4—Types Of Motions § 15.6.5—Responses And Replies To Motions § 15.6.6—Checklist For Motions § 15.6.7—Hearings
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 15A—Pleading Caption Exhibit 15B—Parental Responsibilities/Support Caption Exhibit 15C—Entry Of Appearance Exhibit 15D—Substitution Of Counsel Exhibit 15E—Certificate Of Service Exhibit 15F—Motion And Order To File Without Payment Of Filing Fee Exhibit 15G—Notice Of Hearing
Chapter 16 CASE MANAGEMENT PART II: DISCLOSURES, DISCOVERY, SETTLEMENT, AND TRIAL
§ 16.1 PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
§ 16.1.1—Identifying Issues § 16.1.2—Facts § 16.1.3—Application Of The Law To The Facts § 16.1.4—Developing A Theme § 16.1.5—Obtaining Facts § 16.1.6—Informal Exchanges Of Information § 16.1.7—Formal Methods To Obtain Information
§ 16.2 MANDATORY DISCLOSURES — C.R.C.P. 16.2
§ 16.2.1—Sworn Financial Statements § 16.2.2—Mandatory Disclosures Of Documents § 16.2.3—Authorization For Financial Disclosure
§ 16.3 METHODS TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL INFORMATION — DISCOVERY
§ 16.3.1—Depositions § 16.3.2—Interrogatories § 16.3.3—Requests For Production Of Documents § 16.3.4—Additional Discovery § 16.3.5—Protection From Discovery Abuses § 16.3.6—Failure To Make Disclosures Or Cooperate In Discovery
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§ 16.4 EXPERTS
§ 16.4.1—Jointly Selected Or Court-Appointed Experts § 16.4.2—Non-joint Experts § 16.4.3—Expert Reports § 16.4.4—Deposition Of Experts
§ 16.5 SETTLEMENT WITHOUT LITIGATION
§ 16.5.1—Alternative Dispute Resolution § 16.5.2—Stipulations And Separation Agreements § 16.5.3—Final Documents
§ 16.6 NOTICE OF SETTLEMENT OR CHANGE IN ANTICIPATED LENGTH OF HEARING OR TRIAL
§ 16.7 TRIAL MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATE
§ 16.8 TRIAL PREPARATION
§ 16.8.1—Preliminary Considerations § 16.8.2—Issues And Outcomes § 16.8.3—Facts And Law § 16.8.4—Selection Of Evidence § 16.8.5—Planning The Presentation Of Evidence § 16.8.6—Types Of Evidence § 16.8.7—Organizing The Trial Presentation
§ 16.9 POST-TRIAL MATTERS
§ 16.9.1—Preparation Of Orders § 16.9.2—Post-Trial Relief § 16.9.3—Enforcement
§ 16.10 CLOSING A CASE
§ 16.10.1—Checklist § 16.10.2—Withdrawal As Attorney Of Record
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Chapter 17 EXPERT WITNESSES
§ 17.1 DO YOU WANT AN EXPERT?
§ 17.2 TYPES OF EXPERTS
§ 17.2.1—Consulting Experts § 17.2.2—Testimonial Experts
§ 17.3 OPINION TESTIMONY FROM A LAY PERSON
§ 17.4 RULES OF EVIDENCE
§ 17.4.1—CRE 702: The Expert Opinion § 17.4.2—CRE 703: The Basis Of The Expert’s Opinion § 17.4.3—The Standard For Admission Of Expert Testimony
§ 17.5 COLORADO RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE
§ 17.5.1—Types Of Expert Disclosure § 17.5.2—Disclosure: More Requirements Of C.R.C.P. 16.2 § 17.5.3—Failure To Disclose § 17.5.4—Use Of Rebuttal Expert Witnesses
§ 17.6 THE ATTORNEY AS EXPERT WITNESS
§ 17.7 C.R.S. § 14-10-116.5 — CHILD AND FAMILY INVESTIGATOR AS EXPERT WITNESS
§ 17.7.1—Areas For Examination Of The Attorney/CFI § 17.7.2—Attorney/CFIs And Ethical Issues § 17.7.3—The CFI Report
§ 17.8 MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONAL AS EXPERT WITNESS
§ 17.8.1—Psychiatrist § 17.8.2—Psychologist § 17.8.3—Licensed Social Worker § 17.8.4—Licensed Clinical Social Worker § 17.8.5—Marriage And Family Therapist § 17.8.6—Licensed Professional Counselor § 17.8.7—Psychotherapist § 17.8.8—Considerations
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§ 17.9 CHILD SUPPORT
§ 17.9.1—Income Of The Parents § 17.9.2—Gifts § 17.9.3—Royalties § 17.9.4—Windfalls § 17.9.5—Underemployment
§ 17.10 MAINTENANCE
§ 17.11 ATTORNEY FEES AND COSTS
§ 17.11.1—Reasonableness And Necessity § 17.11.2—Attorney Fees In Domestic Cases
§ 17.12 REAL ESTATE VALUATION
§ 17.12.1—The Income Method § 17.12.2—The Comparable Sales Method § 17.12.3—The Cost Approach
§ 17.13 BUSINESS VALUATION
Chapter 18 COURT-APPOINTED NEUTRALS
§ 18.1 ADVOCATES FOR THE CHILDREN
§ 18.1.1—Colorado’s Unique Approach To The Guardian Ad Litem Role § 18.1.2—The GAL, CLR, And CFI In Colorado § 18.1.3—Statutory References To The GAL/CLR/CFI § 18.1.4—Case Law Summary On The Role Of The GAL/CLR/CFI § 18.1.5—The GAL/CLR/CFI In High-Conflict Parental Responsibilities Cases § 18.1.6—Difficult Types Of Cases § 18.1.7—Some Thoughts For Attorneys Working With A GAL/CLR/CFI
§ 18.2 RESOURCES FOR INTERVENTION
§ 18.2.1—Parenting Coordinator § 18.2.2—Domestic Relations Decision-Maker § 18.2.3—C.R.S. § 14-10-128.5 Arbitrator § 18.2.4—Other Jurisdictions
§ 18.3 CONCLUSION
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§ 18.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY/SUGGESTED READING
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 18A—GAL/CLR Sample Information Sheet Exhibit 18B—Parent Self-Report Exhibit 18C—Sample Interview Questions Of Parents, Children, And Collaterals Exhibit 18D—Release Of Information For GAL/CLR/CFI Exhibit 18E—Chief Justice Directive 04-06 Exhibit 18F—Chief Justice Directive 04-08 Amended Exhibit 18G—Chief Justice Directive 08-01 Exhibit 18H—Mandatory Disclosure Exhibit 18I—Order Appointing CFI
Chapter 19 ALCOHOL, DRUGS, AND PARENTING
§ 19.1 SUBSTANCE USE
§ 19.1.1—Commonly Used Substances § 19.1.2—Colorado Marijuana Constitutional Provisions And Case Law
§ 19.2 DRUG TESTING
§ 19.2.1—Motion For Drug Testing § 19.2.2—Testing For Prescription Drug Or Marijuana Use § 19.2.3—Failure To Comply With Court-Ordered Drug Testing § 19.2.4—Admissibility Of Drug Testing Results
§ 19.3 RESTRICTIONS ON PARENTING TIME DUE TO SUBSTANCE ABUSE
§ 19.3.1—Standards For Initial Allocation Of Parenting Time § 19.3.2—Standards For Restriction Of Parenting Time § 19.3.3—Standards For Termination Of Parenting Time
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 19A—Sample Motion To Compel Drug Testing Exhibit 19B—Sample Order To Compel Drug Testing
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VOLUME TWO
Chapter 20 QDRO DRAFTING TIPS AND TRAPS
§ 20.1 DIVIDING POTENTIALLY VOLATILE RETIREMENT ASSETS IN DIVORCE
§ 20.1.1—Overview Of Pension Plans § 20.1.2—Pension Plans Change With The Times § 20.1.3—Practical Considerations For Dividing Retirement Assets In Divorce
§ 20.2 QDRO DRAFTING ISSUES
§ 20.2.1—QDRO Overview § 20.2.2—Timing And Execution § 20.2.3—Dangers Of Relying On Plan Administrators § 20.2.4—Practical Drafting Suggestions § 20.2.5—Elements Of Well-Drafted QDROs § 20.2.6—Overview Of Client Rights
§ 20.3 CONCLUSION
Chapter 21 THE ROLE OF THE MAGISTRATE AND APPEALS FROM MAGISTRATE DECISIONS
§ 21.1 INTRODUCTION
§ 21.2 HISTORY AND BACKGROUND
§ 21.3 MAGISTRATE AUTHORITY IN TITLE 14 CASES
§ 21.3.1—Consent Defined
§ 21.4 ORDERS AND JUDGMENTS OF MAGISTRATES
§ 21.5 REVIEW OF DISTRICT COURT MAGISTRATE ORDERS OR JUDGMENTS
§ 21.5.1—Review Of Orders Or Judgments Entered When Consent Is Not Necessary § 21.5.2—Appeal Of Orders Or Judgments When Consent Is Necessary
§ 21.6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
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EXHIBITS
Exhibit 21A—Sample Notice Clauses For Orders Entered By Magistrates Exhibit 21B—Order Regarding Petition For Review
Chapter 22 APPELLATE ADVOCACY FOR FAMILY LAW PRACTITIONERS
§ 22.1 TYPES OF APPEALS AND JURISDICTION
§ 22.2 TIME TO APPEAL AND POST-TRIAL MOTIONS
§ 22.3 PRESERVING ISSUES FOR APPEAL
§ 22.4 NOTICE OF APPEAL AND DESIGNATION OF RECORD
§ 22.5 MOTIONS PRACTICE IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
§ 22.6 STANDARDS OF REVIEW AND BRIEFING THE APPEAL
§ 22.7 PETITIONS FOR REHEARING
§ 22.8 PETITIONS FOR CERTIORARI
§ 22.9 EFFECT OF REMANDS AND ISSUANCE OF MANDATE
§ 22.10 CONCLUSION
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 22A—Appellate Checklist And Timeline Exhibit 22B—Certificate Of Compliance (Form 6); Amicus Certificate of Compliance (Form 6A) Exhibit 22C—Policy On Citation To The Record
Chapter 23 POST-DECREE ISSUES
§ 23.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TERMS OF THE DECREE
§ 23.1.1—Transfers § 23.1.2—Obligations
§ 23.2 PROPERTY DIVISION
§ 23.3 MAINTENANCE
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§ 23.4 CHILD SUPPORT
§ 23.5 PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES
§ 23.6 ENFORCEMENT
§ 23.6.1—Enforcement Of Support And Property Distribution Payments § 23.6.2—Enforcement Of Parental Responsibilities
§ 23.7 CONCLUSION
Chapter 24 PRIMER ON COLLECTION LAW
§ 24.1 FEE AGREEMENT ESSENTIALS
§ 24.2 GETTING THE JUDGMENT
§ 24.2.1—Obtaining The Judgment In The Pending Action Through An Attorney’s Lien § 24.2.2—Obtaining The Judgment In An Independent Action § 24.2.3—The Judgment
§ 24.3 POST-JUDGMENT EXECUTION
§ 24.3.1—Obtaining And Recording A Transcript Of Judgment § 24.3.2—Discovery Regarding The Debtor’s Assets § 24.3.3—Pre-Judgment Attachments § 24.3.4—Garnishment § 24.3.5—Foreclosure Of A Judgment Lien And Spurious Liens § 24.3.6—Life Of A Judgment
EXHIBITS
Excerpts From The Rules Of Professional Conduct Exhibit 24A—Colorado Rules Of Professional Conduct 1.4 And 1.5 Fee Agreements Exhibit 24B—Sample Hourly Fee Agreement Exhibit 24C—Sample Contingent Fee Agreement Exhibit 24D—Sample Disclosure Statement For Fee Agreements Sample Pleadings Regarding Attorney’s Lien Exhibit 24E—Notice Of Attorney’s Lien Exhibit 24F—Sample Motion To Determine Validity Of Attorney’s Lien And For Judgment Exhibit 24G—Sample Affidavit Of Attorney Fees And Costs Exhibit 24H—Sample Order And Judgment Regarding Attorney’s Lien
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Summons And Complaint Exhibit 24I—County Court Summons Exhibit 24J—County Court Complaint Under Simplified Civil Procedure Exhibit 24K—County Court Answer Under Simplified Civil Procedure Exhibit 24L—District Court Civil Case Cover Sheet Exhibit 24M—District Court Civil Summons Exhibit 24N—Sample District Court Complaint Motions For Judgment Exhibit 24O—Sample Verified Motion For Entry Of Default Judgment Exhibit 24P—Sample Affidavit Of Attorney Fees Exhibit 24Q—Sample Default Judgment Post-Judgment Forms Exhibit 24R—Subpoena Exhibit 24S—Pattern Interrogatories (Individual) Exhibit 24T—Pattern Interrogatories (Business) Exhibit 24U—Motion And Affidavit (Contempt) Exhibit 24V—Order To Issue Citation (Contempt) Exhibit 24W—Citation (Contempt) Garnishment Forms Exhibit 24X—Writ Of Continuing Garnishment Exhibit 24Y—Calculation Of Exempt Earnings Exhibit 24Z—Objection To Calculation Of Exempt Earnings Exhibit 24AA—Writ Of Garnishment With Notice Of Exemption Exhibit 24BB—Claim Of Exemption Exhibit 24CC—Writ Of Garnishment For Support Exhibit 24DD—Writ Of Garnishment (Other Than Natural Person) Exhibit 24EE—Writ Of Garnishment In Aid Of Writ Of Attachment Exhibit 24FF—Notice Of Levy Exhibit 24GG—Notice, Application, And Release Of Funds Revival Of Judgment Exhibit 24HH—Motion For Revival Of Judgment Exhibit 24II—Notice To Show Cause For Revival Of Judgment Exhibit 24JJ—Order For Revival Of Judgment
Chapter 25 DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE PROCEEDINGS AND BANKRUPTCY CASES
§ 25.1 INTRODUCTION
§ 25.2 FOUR TYPES OF BANKRUPTCY
§ 25.2.1—Chapter 7 § 25.2.2—Chapter 11 § 25.2.3—Chapter 12 § 25.2.4—Chapter 13
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§ 25.3 COMMENCING A BANKRUPTCY CASE
§ 25.3.1—Do Spouses Have To File Bankruptcy Jointly?
§ 25.4 THE AUTOMATIC STAY
§ 25.5 DISCHARGE AND DISCHARGEABILITY
§ 25.5.1—Discharge Generally § 25.5.2—Non-dischargeability Of Domestic Support Obligations § 25.5.3—Dischargeability Of Non-support Obligations § 25.5.4—Co-debtor Issues
§ 25.6 DEALING WITH THE CHAPTER 13 DEBTOR AND CHAPTER 13 TRUSTEE
§ 25.6.1—The Debtor And The Plan § 25.6.2—The Chapter 13 Trustee
§ 25.7 TREATMENT OF MARITAL CLAIMS — PARTICIPATING IN DISTRIBUTION OF THE ESTATE
§ 25.7.1—Claim Priority
§ 25.8 TREATMENT OF MARITAL PROPERTY IN BANKRUPTCY CASES
§ 25.9 PROTECTING THE MARITAL INTEREST
§ 25.9.1—Real Property § 25.9.2—Bank Accounts § 25.9.3—Motor Vehicles
§ 25.10 FRAUDULENT CONVEYANCES AND PREFERENCES: AGREEMENTS TO PROTECT NON-DEBTOR SPOUSE
§ 25.10.1—Fraudulent Transfers § 25.10.2—Preferential Transfers
§ 25.11 THE CLIENT AS DEBTOR — DECIDING WHEN TO FILE
§ 25.11.1—Generally, Divorce Then Bankruptcy § 25.11.2—Joint Bankruptcy Then Divorce § 25.11.3—Joint Planning For Optimal Results
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§ 25.12 DRAFTING AND OTHER TIPS — ANTICIPATING A FUTURE BANKRUPTCY
§ 25.13 FINAL PRACTICE POINTERS
Chapter 26 TORTS IN FAMILIES
§ 26.1 MARITAL TORTS
§ 26.1.1—Historical Background § 26.1.2—The Modern Approach § 26.1.3—Fraud § 26.1.4—Res Judicata And Collateral Estoppel
§ 26.2 PARENT-CHILD IMMUNITY
§ 26.2.1—Historical Background § 26.2.2—Current Status Of Parent-Child Immunity In Colorado
§ 26.3 CONCLUSION
Chapter 27 CRIMINAL ISSUES RELATED TO FAMILY LAW
§ 27.1 INTRODUCTION
§ 27.2 PRACTICAL CHALLENGES OF CRIMINAL LAW IN FAMILY LAW CASES
§ 27.2.1—Confusion Caused By Simultaneous Proceedings § 27.2.2—Constitutional Issues § 27.2.3—Ethical Issues Between Criminal And Family Law
§ 27.3 ADVICE TO CLIENT CHARGED WITH A CRIME
§ 27.3.1—Remain Silent § 27.3.2—Polygraph § 27.3.3—Determine Whether A “No Contact” Order Has Issued § 27.3.4—Ensure That The Client Understands The Mandatory Restraining Order § 27.3.5—When Immediate Action Is Required
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§ 27.4 SUBSTANTIVE CRIMES OCCURRING IN FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
§ 27.4.1—Classification Of Crimes § 27.4.2—Domestic Violence § 27.4.3—The Impact Of Domestic Violence In The Family Law Case § 27.4.4—Child Abuse § 27.4.5—The Impact Of Child Abuse In Family Law Cases § 27.4.6—Sexual Offenses § 27.4.7—The Impact Of Sexual Offenses In Family Law Cases § 27.4.8—Driving Under The Influence Of Alcohol Or Drugs § 27.4.9—Prosecution Of Juveniles § 27.4.10—Parental Responsibilities In Juvenile Cases § 27.4.11—Financial Responsibilities In Juvenile Cases
§ 27.5 COLLATERAL CONSEQUENCES OF CRIMINAL CHARGES AND/OR CONVICTIONS
§ 27.5.1—Employment § 27.5.2—Adoption § 27.5.3—Driving Privileges And Travel Restrictions § 27.5.4—Collateral Consequences For Sex Offenses § 27.5.5—Registries § 27.5.6—Immigration
§ 27.6 CONCLUSION
Chapter 28 DOMESTIC ABUSE AND CIVIL PROTECTION ORDERS
§ 28.1 CIVIL PROTECTION ORDERS TO PREVENT DOMESTIC ABUSE
§ 28.1.1—Emergency Protection Orders § 28.1.2—Venue And Jurisdiction § 28.1.3—Temporary CPO Hearings And Orders § 28.1.4—Fees, Service, And Alias Summons § 28.1.5—Permanent (Show Cause) CPO Hearings § 28.1.6—Continuances § 28.1.7—Temporary Care And Control § 28.1.8—Possession Of Mutual Home Or Pet § 28.1.9—Temporary Injunction To Prevent Retaliation § 28.1.10—Firearms § 28.1.11—Mutual Restraining Orders § 28.1.12—Full Faith And Credit § 28.1.13—Enforcement And Penalties For Violation § 28.1.14—Modifications Of CPOs
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§ 28.2 UNIFORM DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE ACT
§ 28.3 CRIMINAL CASES
§ 28.4 WORKING WITH DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CASES
§ 28.4.1—Mediation § 28.4.2—Courthouse Security § 28.4.3—Victim Rights § 28.4.4—Safety And Resources In Domestic Abuse Cases
Chapter 29 IMMIGRATION ISSUES IN FAMILY LAW
§ 29.1 BASIC CONCEPTS AND VOCABULARY
§ 29.1.1—After The INS: DHS, USCIS, ICE, CBP, And EOIR § 29.1.2—Nationality, Citizenship, And Classification Of “Foreign Nationals” § 29.1.3—Obtaining U.S. Citizenship: Birth, Transmission, And Administrative Naturalization § 29.1.4—Visas, Including Visa Waiver, Status, And (Un)Lawful Presence § 29.1.5—Inadmissibility, Deportation, Removal, And Relief
§ 29.2 THE IMMIGRANT SELECTION SYSTEM FOR FAMILY-BASED APPLICANTS
§ 29.2.1—Immediate Relatives § 29.2.2—Preference Immigrants § 29.2.3—Completing The Permanent Residence Process: Adjustment Of Status And Consular Processing Of Immigrant Visas § 29.2.4—Burden Of Proof And Validity Of Petitions
§ 29.3 WITHDRAWAL, REVOCATION, AND RECLASSIFICATION OF PETITIONS
§ 29.3.1—K-1 And K-2 Fiancé(e) Visas
§ 29.4 CHILDREN
§ 29.4.1—Children In Wedlock And Out Of Wedlock § 29.4.2—Legitimated Children § 29.4.3—Step-children § 29.4.4—Adopted Children § 29.4.5—Orphans § 29.4.6—Special Immigrant Juveniles
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§ 29.5 MARRIAGE
§ 29.5.1—Legal Validity Of Marriage § 29.5.2—Bona Fides Of Relationship § 29.5.3—Implications Of Antenuptial And Postnuptial Agreements § 29.5.4—Viability Of The Marriage § 29.5.5—Annulment § 29.5.6—Conditional Residence And Removal Of Conditions
§ 29.6 IMPACT OF DISSOLUTION ON FOREIGN NATIONAL SPOUSE
§ 29.6.1—Non-Immigrant Visa Holders § 29.6.2—Foreign National With Pending Permanent Residence: Employment-Based/Non-Family Petitions § 29.6.3—Foreign National With Pending Permanent Residence: Marriage-Based Petitions § 29.6.4—Foreign National Present Under Grant Of Conditional Residence § 29.6.5—Foreign National Granted Full Legal Permanent Residence (No Conditions)
§ 29.7 SOLUTIONS FOR BATTERED IMMIGRANTS
§ 29.7.1—Establishing Eligibility § 29.7.2—Qualifying Abuse, Standard Of Evidence, And Good Moral Character § 29.7.3—Obtaining Status Through VAWA § 29.7.4—U Non-Immigrant Status As A Crime Victim § 29.7.5—Confidentiality Under § 384 For VAWA Applicants
§ 29.8 AFFIDAVIT OF SUPPORT
§ 29.8.1—Requirements
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 29A—Sample I-94 Exhibit 29B—Visa Bulletin
Chapter 30 THE UNIFORM CHILD ABDUCTION PREVENTION ACT
§ 30.1 INTRODUCTION
§ 30.2 PREFATORY NOTE AND OFFICIAL COMMENTS
§ 30.3 DEFINITIONS
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§ 30.4 COOPERATION AND COMMUNICATION AMONG COURTS
§ 30.5 ACTIONS FOR ABDUCTION PREVENTION MEASURES
§ 30.6 JURISDICTION
§ 30.7 CONTENTS OF THE PETITION
§ 30.8 FACTORS TO DETERMINE THE RISK OF ABDUCTION
§ 30.9 PROVISIONS AND MEASURES TO PREVENT ABDUCTION
§ 30.9.1—Warrant To Take Physical Custody Of The Child
§ 30.10 DURATION OF AN ABDUCTION PREVENTION ORDER/ UNIFORMITY OF APPLICATIONS AND CONSTRUCTION/ RELATION TO ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES IN GLOBAL AND NATIONAL COMMERCE ACT
§ 30.11 CONCLUSION
Chapter 31 SEEKING ENFORCEMENT OF FAMILY LAW ORDERS THROUGH CONTEMPT PROCEEDINGS UNDER C.R.C.P. 107: PERILS AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS
§ 31.1 INTRODUCTION
§ 31.2 CONTEMPT PROCEEDINGS — DEFINITION AND SOURCE OF POWER
§ 31.3 DIRECT VERSUS INDIRECT CONTEMPT
§ 31.4 INDIRECT CONTEMPT
§ 31.5 PUNITIVE VERSUS REMEDIAL SANCTIONS
§ 31.6 PUNITIVE SANCTIONS
§ 31.6.1—Elements And Burdens Of Proof (Punitive) § 31.6.2—Challenges Of Punitive Contempt
§ 31.7 REMEDIAL SANCTIONS
§ 31.7.1—Elements And Burdens Of Proof (Remedial) § 31.7.2—Challenges Of Remedial Contempt
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§ 31.8 COLLECTING MAINTENANCE AND CHILD SUPPORT ARREARS: A NEW ROLE FOR QDROs
§ 31.9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Chapter 32 FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
§ 32.1 THE MARRIAGE RELATIONSHIP
§ 32.1.1—Application And Formalities § 32.1.2—Marriage License § 32.1.3—Solemnization And Registration § 32.1.4—Prohibited Marriages § 32.1.5—Putative Spouse § 32.1.6—Common Law Marriage § 32.1.7—Rights Of Married Women § 32.1.8—Spousal Privilege And Confidential Communications § 32.1.9—Declaration Of Invalidity Of A Marriage
§ 32.2 RELINQUISHMENT OF PARENTAL RIGHTS
§ 32.2.1—Procedure § 32.2.2—Relinquishment Order § 32.2.3—Denial Of Relinquishment § 32.2.4—Appointment Of A Guardian Ad Litem § 32.2.5—Interviewing The Child § 32.2.6—Court Experts § 32.2.7—Final Order Of Relinquishment § 32.2.8—Effect Of A Final Order Of Relinquishment § 32.2.9—Relinquishment And Termination Of Parental Rights § 32.2.10—Revocation Of A Relinquishment Petition § 32.2.11—Minors As Parents § 32.2.12—Termination Of Parental Rights When Contested § 32.2.13—Affirmative Defense To Termination Of Parental Rights § 32.2.14—Custody Determinations If Parental Rights Are Not Terminated Or Relinquished § 32.2.15—Dealing With Unknown Parents § 32.2.16—Notice To Child Support Enforcement Unit § 32.2.17—Role Of Adoption Agencies
§ 32.3 ADOPTION OF A CHILD
§ 32.3.1—Who May Be Adopted § 32.3.2—Who May Adopt § 32.3.3—Availability For Adoption
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§ 32.3.4—Venue § 32.3.5—Adoption Decree Of A Foreign Country Approved § 32.3.6—Placement For Purposes Of Adoption § 32.3.7—Consideration Of Racial Background § 32.3.8—Written Consent And Report § 32.3.9—Petition For Adoption § 32.3.10—In re C.C.R.S. § 32.3.11—Written Reports For Adoption § 32.3.12—Adoption Hearing § 32.3.13—Legal Effects Of A Final Decree Of Adoption § 32.3.14—Limitations On Annulment Of Adoption § 32.3.15—Compensation For Placing A Child Prohibited § 32.3.16—Same-Sex Partner Adoptions § 32.3.17—GALs In Adoption Proceedings § 32.3.18—Failed Adoptions § 32.3.19—Confidential Intermediaries In Adoptions § 32.3.20—Adult Adoption § 32.3.21—Step-Parent Adoption
§ 32.4 UNIFORM PARENTAGE ACT
§ 32.4.1—Establishing Mother-Child Relationship § 32.4.2—Establishing Father-Child Relationship § 32.4.3—Presumptions Of Paternity § 32.4.4—Procedure § 32.4.5—Jurisdiction And Venue § 32.4.6—Assisted Reproduction § 32.4.7—Surrogate Parents § 32.4.8—Who May Bring Action To Establish Paternity And When Action May Be Brought § 32.4.9—Effects Of Prior Written Agreements Concerning Paternity § 32.4.10—Statute Of Limitations § 32.4.11—Parties § 32.4.12—Appointment Of A GAL In Uniform Parentage Act Cases § 32.4.13—Procedural Matters In Paternity Cases § 32.4.14—Genetic Testing § 32.4.15—Pretrial Recommendations § 32.4.16—Judgment Or Order Of Paternity § 32.4.17—Child Support § 32.4.18—Name Of The Minor Child § 32.4.19—Right To Counsel § 32.4.20—Parental Decision-Making And Parenting Time Issues
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§ 32.5 CIVIL ASPECTS OF DEPENDENCY AND NEGLECT IN COLORADO
§ 32.5.1—Child Abuse Or Neglect § 32.5.2—Colorado Children’s Code In Dependency And Neglect Cases § 32.5.3—Jurisdiction Of The Juvenile Court § 32.5.4—Mandatory Reports Of Child Abuse § 32.5.5—State Central Registry For Child Protection § 32.5.6—Temporary Custody And Shelter Of Children § 32.5.7—Petition For Dependency And Neglect Cases § 32.5.8—Termination Of The Parent-Child Relationship § 32.5.9—Interstate Compact On Placement Of Children § 32.5.10—Indian Child Welfare Act In Dependency And Neglect Cases § 32.5.11—Confidentiality Of Dependency And Neglect Records
§ 32.6 GRANDPARENT VISITATION
§ 32.7 CONCLUSION
Chapter 33 GRANDPARENTS’ RIGHTS
§ 33.1 GRANDPARENT VISITATION
§ 33.1.1—Statutory Basis And Standing § 33.1.2—Intervening In An Existing Action § 33.1.3—Motion And Hearing § 33.1.4—Troxel And Constitutional Rights Of Natural Parents § 33.1.5—Modification Of Grandparent Visitation § 33.1.6—Survival Of Grandparent Visitation Rights Following Adoption Of Grandchild § 33.1.7—Religious Training With Visiting Grandparents § 33.1.8—Attorney Fees § 33.1.9—CFIs And Evaluations
§ 33.2 ALLOCATION OF PARENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES: GRANDPARENTS, KIN, AND “PSYCHOLOGICAL PARENTS”
§ 33.2.1—Standing To Obtain The Allocation Of Parental Responsibilities § 33.2.2—Best Interests Standard Applies § 33.2.3—Presumptions In Favor Of Biological Parents § 33.2.4—Child Support Obligations Of Non-parents § 33.2.5—Guardianship And Adoption By Grandparents
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§ 33.3 WHEN THE CHILD PROTECTION SYSTEM IS INVOLVED WITH GRANDCHILDREN
§ 33.3.1—Introduction § 33.3.2—Preference For Grandparents Or Kin When Children Removed From Parents’ Custody § 33.3.3—Standing To Intervene In Dependency Action § 33.3.4—When Reunification Efforts Fail, Permanent Placement With Grandparents Is Option § 33.3.5—Resources Available For Grandparents Who Take On The Placement Of Grandchildren
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 33A—Verified Pleading Affidavit For Grandparent/ Great-Grandparent Visitation Exhibit 33B—Order For Grandparent/Great-Grandparent Visitation
Chapter 34 DEVELOPMENTS IN NON-MARRIED PARTNER LITIGATION
§ 34.1 THE ISSUE
§ 34.2 PRE-LEWIS CAUSES OF ACTION FOR NON-MARRIED PARTNERS
§ 34.2.1—Common Law Marriage § 34.2.2—Unjust Enrichment Under Salzman § 34.2.3—Application Of Other Civil Claims
§ 34.3 TREATMENT IN OTHER STATES
§ 34.4 THE CASE OF LEWIS v. LEWIS
§ 34.5 CONCLUSION
Chapter 35 DIVIDING MILITARY RETIREMENT BENEFITS IN DIVORCE
§ 35.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW OF DIVISION OF MILITARY RETIREMENT BENEFITS
§ 35.1.1—The “Uniformed Services” Concept § 35.1.2—Source Authorities § 35.1.3—Retired Or Retainer Pay Synonymous
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§ 35.2 THE UNIFORMED SERVICES FORMER SPOUSES PROTECTION ACT — BACKGROUND
§ 35.2.1—Disposable Military Retired Pay § 35.2.2—Military Retirement Pay And Disability § 35.2.3—Can A Divorce Court Consider The Election To Receive CRSC? § 35.2.4—Unintended Consequences
§ 35.3 MECHANICS OF THE USFSPA
§ 35.3.1—The Uniformed Services Retirement System § 35.3.2—Additional Benefits Available To Former Spouses § 35.3.3—Related Issues § 35.3.4—Language Pointers From DFAS § 35.3.5—VA Disability Pay Issues
§ 35.4 COLORADO’S APPROACH
§ 35.4.1—Colorado Adopts Time Rule Formula Under Marital Foundation Theory § 35.4.2—Fault Cannot Be Considered By Court § 35.4.3—The Coverture Fraction § 35.4.4—Three Methods Of Distributing Pension Benefits In Colorado § 35.4.5—Discretion Of Court As To Method Used § 35.4.6—Subtraction Method Of Valuation Rejected In Colorado § 35.4.7—All Pensions Must Be Valued § 35.4.8—Colorado National Guard Retirement § 35.4.9—Jurisdiction Limited To Disposable Military Retired Pay § 35.4.10—Colorado Law And Indemnity For Post-Judgment Waiver Of Retired Pay § 35.4.11—Temporary Disability Retirement Benefits Are Non-divisible In Colorado § 35.4.12—How To Determine Non-divisible Disability Retired Pay
§ 35.5 SERVICEMEMBERS CIVIL RELIEF ACT
§ 35.5.1—Judicial Process Feature Of The Federal Act
§ 35.6 COLORADO STATE MILITARY SERVICE CIVIL RELIEF ACT
§ 35.6.1—General Provisions § 35.6.2—Eviction § 35.6.3—Installment Purchase Contract § 35.6.4—Foreclosure § 35.6.5—Colorado Scrivener’s Affidavit Statute § 35.6.6—Condition To Relief
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§ 35.7 THE UNIFORMED SERVICES SURVIVOR BENEFIT PLAN (SBP)
§ 35.7.1—Introduction § 35.7.2—The Essentials § 35.7.3—Former Spouse Coverage § 35.7.4—Further Issues In SBP Planning § 35.7.5—SBP Questions And Answers § 35.7.6—SBP Advantages § 35.7.7—SBP For National Guard And Other Reserve Components (RC-SBP) § 35.7.8—SBP Versus Servicemembers’ Group Life Insurance And National Service Life Insurance § 35.7.9—Combining Military SBP With Federal Civil Service Survivor Annuity § 35.7.10—Mental Incompetency And Making Election For Military Member
§ 35.8 THRIFT SAVINGS PLAN
§ 35.9 MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES IN DIVIDING MILITARY RETIRED PAY
§ 35.9.1—ERISA Not Applicable In Military Retired Pay Cases § 35.9.2—Taxation Of Pensions And Retirements § 35.9.3—Bankruptcy
§ 35.10 ETHICS, THE EXPERT, AND ADVISING THE ATTORNEY
§ 35.11 AVOIDING MALPRACTICE
§ 35.11.1—Measure Of Damages § 35.11.2—Malpractice Traps
§ 35.12 EXPANDED PRACTICE POINTERS IN UNIFORMED SERVICES DISSOLUTIONS
§ 35.12.1—Study The Statutes And Regulations In Depth § 35.12.2—Understand The Substantive And Procedural Restrictions Of The USFSPA § 35.12.3—Understand The Special Jurisdictional Requirements Of The Law § 35.12.4—Understand The So-Called “10-Year Rule” § 35.12.5—Understand The Role Of The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act In The Action § 35.12.6—Be Aware Of The Consequences If The Member Dies
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§ 35.12.7—Do Not Prepare An ERISA-Type Qualified Domestic Relations Order § 35.12.8—Ensure That The Application Sent To The Finance Center Is Complete § 35.12.9—Ensure That The Order Is Clear As To Former Spouse Interest § 35.12.10—Understand That The “Shared Payment” Approach Is The Only Division Method Available § 35.12.11—Understand That There Are No Funds To Provide A Lump Sum Payout
§ 35.13 CONCLUSION
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 35A—DFAS Attorney Instructions For Dividing Retired Pay And Sample Language For Court Orders Exhibit 35B—DD Form 2293, Application For Former Spouse Payments From Retired Pay Exhibit 35C—DD Form 2656-1, Survivor Benefit Plan (SBP) Election Statement For Former Spouse Coverage Exhibit 35D—DD Form 2656-5, Reserve Component Survivor Benefit Plan (RCSBP) Election Certificate Exhibit 35E—DD Form 2656-10, Survivor Benefit Plan (SBP)/Reserve Component (RC) SBP Request For Deemed Election Exhibit 35F—DD Form 2656, Data For Payment Of Retired Personnel Exhibit 35G—Sample Order To Divide Thrift Savings Plan (TSP)
Chapter 36 PUBLIC BENEFITS ISSUES IN FAMILY LAW CASES
§ 36.1 SOCIAL SECURITY (RETIREMENT AND DISABILITY)
§ 36.1.1—Overview § 36.1.2—Retirement Benefits § 36.1.3—Disability Benefits (Social Security Disability Insurance, Or SSDI) § 36.1.4—Issues For The Family Law Practitioner
§ 36.2 SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME (SSI)
§ 36.2.1—Overview § 36.2.2—Issues For The Family Law Practitioner
§ 36.3 OLD AGE PENSION
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§ 36.4 MEDICAID AND THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT
§ 36.4.1—Income-Based Medicaid § 36.4.2—SSI-Based Categorical Eligibility (For Elderly Or Disabled Recipients) § 36.4.3—Long-Term Care § 36.4.4—Help With Medicare Costs (QMB, SLMB, And QI 1) § 36.4.5—Medicaid Buy-In Programs For Children And Working Adults § 36.4.6—Marketplace And Private Health Care Plans
§ 36.5 TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES (TANF/COLORADO WORKS)
§ 36.5.1—Overview § 36.5.2—Issues For The Family Law Practitioner
Chapter 37 REPRESENTING THE DIMINISHED-CAPACITY OR MENTALLY ILL CLIENT: COLO. RPC 1.14
§ 37.1 THE CONVENTIONAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LAWYERS AND CLIENTS
§ 37.2 RULE 1.14
§ 37.2.1—Relationship With A Diminished-Capacity Client § 37.2.2—Consultation With Others Concerning A Client’s Incapacity § 37.2.3—Actions Taken Without Client’s Consent Or Over Client’s Objections
§ 37.3 POTENTIAL LIABILITY
§ 37.4 THE SORENSEN CASE AND RULE 1.14
§ 37.5 CONCLUSION
EXHIBIT
Exhibit 37A—Colo. RPC 1.14 And Comments Exhibit 37B—CBA Formal Ethics Opinion 126, “Representing The Adult Client With Diminished Capacity” (2015)
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Chapter 38 DEATH AND DIVORCE
§ 38.1 INTRODUCTION
§ 38.2 DEATH DURING DIVORCE
§ 38.2.1—Dying Intestate § 38.2.2—Disinheriting A Spouse § 38.2.3—Considerations If One Party May Die During Divorce § 38.2.4—Other Types Of Planning
§ 38.3 DEATH AFTER DIVORCE
§ 38.3.1—Dissolution Of Marriage Obligations § 38.3.2—Claims Against Estates § 38.3.3—Revocation Statutes
§ 38.4 PLANNING FOR DEATH IN THE SEPARATION AGREEMENT
§ 38.4.1—Life Insurance As Security § 38.4.2—Guardianships And Conservatorships For Children § 38.4.3—Preserving Assets For Children
Chapter 39 INTERSTATE FAMILY LAW JURISDICTION
§ 39.1 INTRODUCTION
§ 39.2 JURISDICTION IN INITIAL INTERSTATE MATTERS
§ 39.2.1—Dissolution Of Marriage/Civil Unions § 39.2.2—Paternity And Support § 39.2.3—Allocation Of Parental Responsibility
§ 39.3 CONTINUING EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION
§ 39.3.1—Generally § 39.3.2—Conflicts With Continuing Exclusive Jurisdiction § 39.3.3—Immunity In Interstate Custody And Support Cases
§ 39.4 JURISDICTION IN A NEW STATE
§ 39.4.1—Child Support § 39.4.2—Allocation Of Parental Responsibility (Custody)
§ 39.5 CONCLUSION
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Chapter 40 PARENTING AND THE MILITARY
§ 40.1 OVERVIEW
§ 40.1.1—Jurisdiction Over Military Members And Spouses § 40.1.2—Jurisdiction And The UCCJEA
§ 40.2 ABSENCE OF MILITARY PARENT
§ 40.2.1—Relocation Of Military Parent § 40.2.2—Deployment Of Military Parent § 40.2.3—Colorado Protection For Reservist Parents § 40.2.4—Uniform Deployed Parents Custody And Visitation Act § 40.2.5—Servicemembers Civil Relief Act Protections
§ 40.3 FAMILY SUPPORT
Chapter 41 THE UNBUNDLED DOMESTIC RELATIONS PRACTICE
§ 41.1 INTRODUCTION
§ 41.2 TYPES OF UNBUNDLED LEGAL SERVICES
§ 41.3 AUTHORITY
§ 41.3.1—Federal Court
§ 41.4 ETHICS
§ 41.4.1—Competence § 41.4.2—Scope Of Representation And Allocation Of Authority § 41.4.3—Diligence § 41.4.4—Diminished-Capacity Clients § 41.4.5—Advisor § 41.4.6—Candor § 41.4.7—Communication With A Person Represented By Counsel § 41.4.8—Unrepresented Persons § 41.4.9—Ethics Conclusion
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§ 41.5 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR AN UNBUNDLED PRACTICE
§ 41.5.1—Consultation And Advice To Pro Se Litigants § 41.5.2—Providing Substantial Drafting Assistance To Pro Se Litigants (“Ghost Writing”) § 41.5.3—Limited Entry Of Appearance For One Or More Specified Proceedings
§ 41.6 CONCLUSION
§ 41.7 RESOURCES
Chapter 42 ATTORNEY LIENS
§ 42.1 INTRODUCTION
§ 42.2 THE ORIGIN OF ATTORNEY LIENS
§ 42.3 STATUTORY CHARGING LIEN — C.R.S. § 12-5-119
§ 42.3.1—Scenarios § 42.3.2—Notice § 42.3.3—Enforcement § 42.3.4—Priority § 42.3.5—Property Exempt From Attorney Liens § 42.3.6—Charging Lien And Bankruptcy
§ 42.4 STATUTORY RETAINING LIEN — C.R.S. § 12-5-120
§ 42.5 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
§ 42.6 CONCLUSION
SUBJECT INDEX
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