Transaction Processing Rules 11 December 2020
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How Can Private Sector Systems Achieve Public Policy Goals?
Faster Payments in the United States: How Can Private Sector Systems Achieve Public Policy Goals? Fumiko Hayashi June 2015 RWP 15-03 Faster Payments in the United States: How Can Private Sector Systems Achieve Public Policy Goals?∗ Fumiko Hayashi† June 2015 Abstract Consumers and businesses are increasingly expecting faster payments. While many countries have already developed or are in process of developing faster payments, the availability of these payments is fragmented in the United States. The recently released paper by the Federal Reserve encourages private sector participants to provide faster payment services. However, private- sector faster payments systems will face significant challenges in achieving public policy goals of ubiquity, safety, and efficiency unless system governance represents broad public interests. One way to better align private-sector interests with those of the public is for the Federal Reserve to influence governance of the private-sector systems through its leadership role. JEL Classification: L5; L88; M14 Keywords: Faster payments, System governance, Public interest ∗ The author thanks Kelly Edmiston and Richard J. Sullivan for valuable comments, and Elizabeth Cook for editorial suggestions. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City or the Federal Reserve System. † Fumiko Hayashi is a senior economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. E-mail: [email protected]. 1 1. Introduction In the wake of technological innovations such as high-speed data networks and sophisticated mobile computing devices, consumers and businesses have raised their expectations for faster payments. Payment users increasingly expect electronic payment products to be accessible through mobile and online channels at any time. -
The Effects of Balance Training on Balance Ability in Handball Players
EXERCISE AND QUALITY OF LIFE Research article Volume 4, No. 2, 2012, 15-22 UDC 796.322-051:796.012.266 THE EFFECTS OF BALANCE TRAINING ON BALANCE ABILITY IN HANDBALL PLAYERS Asimenia Gioftsidou , Paraskevi Malliou, Polina Sofokleous, George Pafis, Anastasia Beneka, and George Godolias Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate, the effectiveness of a balance training program in male professional handball players. Thirty professional handball players were randomly divided into experimental and control group. The experimental group (N=15), additional to the training program, followed an intervention balance program for 12 weeks. All subjects performed a static balance test (deviations from the horizontal plane). The results revealed that the 12-week balance training program improved (p<0.01) all balance performance indicators in the experimental group. Thus, a balance training program can increase balance ability of handball players, and could used as a prevent tool for lower limbs muscular skeletal injuries. Keywords: handball players, proprioception, balance training Introduction Handball is one of the most popular European team sports along with soccer, basketball and volleyball (Petersen et al., 2005). The sport medicine literature reports team sports participants, such as handball, soccer, hockey, or basketball players, reported an increased risk of traumatic events, especially to their lower extremity joints (Hawkins, and Fuller, 1999; Meeuwisse et al., 2003; Wedderkopp et al 1997; 1999). Injuries often occur in noncontact situations (Hawkins, and Fuller, 1999; Hertel et al., 2006) resulting in substantial and long-term functional impairments (Zech et al., 2009). -
How to Juggle the Proof for Every Theorem an Exploration of the Mathematics Behind Juggling
How to juggle the proof for every theorem An exploration of the mathematics behind juggling Mees Jager 5965802 (0101) 3 0 4 1 2 (1100) (1010) 1 4 4 3 (1001) (0011) 2 0 0 (0110) Supervised by Gil Cavalcanti Contents 1 Abstract 2 2 Preface 4 3 Preliminaries 5 3.1 Conventions and notation . .5 3.2 A mathematical description of juggling . .5 4 Practical problems with mathematical answers 9 4.1 When is a sequence jugglable? . .9 4.2 How many balls? . 13 5 Answers only generate more questions 21 5.1 Changing juggling sequences . 21 5.2 Constructing all sequences with the Permutation Test . 23 5.3 The converse to the average theorem . 25 6 Mathematical problems with mathematical answers 35 6.1 Scramblable and magic sequences . 35 6.2 Orbits . 39 6.3 How many patterns? . 43 6.3.1 Preliminaries and a strategy . 43 6.3.2 Computing N(b; p).................... 47 6.3.3 Filtering out redundancies . 52 7 State diagrams 54 7.1 What are they? . 54 7.2 Grounded or Excited? . 58 7.3 Transitions . 59 7.3.1 The superior approach . 59 7.3.2 There is a preference . 62 7.3.3 Finding transitions using the flattening algorithm . 64 7.3.4 Transitions of minimal length . 69 7.4 Counting states, arrows and patterns . 75 7.5 Prime patterns . 81 1 8 Sometimes we do not find the answers 86 8.1 The converse average theorem . 86 8.2 Magic sequence construction . 87 8.3 finding transitions with flattening algorithm . -
See Fee Chart
List of all fees for inPOWER Prepaid Mastercard®. All fees Amount Details Get started Pay-As-You- Plan options Monthly Plan Go Plan New Card Account There is no fee to open a card account. $0.00 $0.00 Monthly usage Monthly Plan: You will be charged $7.95 each month you are enrolled in the Monthly Plan. The fee descriptor that will be shown on transaction history statements is: Monthly Maintenance Fee Monthly Plan: To qualify for a $2.00 credit each month, you must receive a qualifying direct deposit of paychecks and/or government benefits totaling at least $100.00 in one (1) calendar month. If you are currently enrolled in the Monthly Plan, you will automatically be enrolled in the plan to receive the credit, and if you are in the Pay-As-You-Go plan, you can visit a Pay-O-Matic Location to change to your plan. Plan fee $0.00 $7.95 You may switch between the Pay-As-You-Go Plan and the Monthly Fee Plan one time during any ninety (90) day period. Changes made on or before the 19th of the month will take effect on the 24th of each month. Changes made on or after the 20th of the month will not be effective until the following month, on the 24th. The fee descriptor that will be shown on the transaction history statement for the credit is: Monthly Maintenance Fee Credit Per Month. A $5.00 fee will be charged during each month in which there have been no cardholder-initiated, balance-changing transactions for at least ninety (90) calendar days. -
A Survey on Contactless Payment Methods for Smartphones
Thesis no: BCS-2016-05 A survey on contactless payment methods for smartphones David Andersson Faculty of Computing Blekinge Institute of Technology SE–371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden This thesis is submitted to the Faculty of Computing at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BSC. The thesis is equivalent to 10 weeks of full time studies. Contact Information: Author(s): David Andersson E-mail: [email protected] University advisor: Adjunct Lecturer Francisco Lopez Luro Department of Creative Technologies Faculty of Computing Internet : www.bth.se Blekinge Institute of Technology Phone : +46 455 38 50 00 SE–371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden Fax : +46 455 38 50 57 Abstract Context. The use of smartphones has increased drastically in the last years. More and more areas of use are discovered each day. One of the new fields of use is to make contactless payments with the help of a smartphone. A contactless payment system for a smartphone is a solution that will allow the user to make a payment by placing the smartphone in near proximity of the payment terminal in order to make a payment instead of using a regular credit card or cash. Objectives. The aim of this thesis is to present the current state of the smartphone systems used to conduct contactless payments, how they are implemented, possible flaws, and suggested solutions to re- move the flaws. Methods. A literature study was conducted in order to find reli- able information regarding how the systems works. Since the field of contactless payments is still new, there are several knowledge gaps re- garding how parts of the systems works. -
Authorisation Service Sales Sheet Download
Authorisation Service OmniPay is First Data’s™ cost effective, Supported business profiles industry-leading payment processing platform. In addition to card present POS processing, the OmniPay platform Authorisation Service also supports these transaction The OmniPay platform Authorisation Service gives you types and products: 24/7 secure authorisation switching for both domestic and international merchants on behalf of merchant acquirers. • Card Present EMV offline PIN • Card Present EMV online PIN Card brand support • Card Not Present – MOTO The Authorisation Service supports a wide range of payment products including: • Dynamic Currency Conversion • Visa • eCommerce • Mastercard • Secure eCommerce –MasterCard SecureCode, Verified by Visa and SecurePlus • Maestro • Purchase with Cashback • Union Pay • SecureCode for telephone orders • JCB • MasterCard Gaming (Payment of winnings) • Diners Card International • Address Verification Service • Discover • Recurring and Installment • BCMC • Hotel Gratuity • Unattended Petrol • Aggregator • Maestro Advanced Registration Program (MARP) Supported authorisation message protocols • OmniPay ISO8583 • APACS 70 Authorisation Service Connectivity to the Card Schemes OmniPay Authorisation Server Resilience Visa – Each Data Centre has either two or four Visa EAS servers and resilient connectivity to Visa Europe, Visa US, Visa Canada, Visa CEMEA and Visa AP. Mastercard – Each Data Centre has a dedicated Mastercard MIP and resilient connectivity to the Mastercard MIP in the other Data Centre. The OmniPay platform has connections to Banknet for both European and non-European authorisations. Diners/Discover – Each Data Centre has connectivity to Diners Club International which is also used to process Discover Card authorisations. JCB – Each Data Centre has connectivity to Japan Credit Bureau which is used to process JCB authorisations. UnionPay – Each Data Centre has connectivity to UnionPay International which is used to process UnionPay authorisations. -
Payments and Market Infrastructure Two Decades After the Start of the European Central Bank Editor: Daniela Russo
Payments and market infrastructure two decades after the start of the European Central Bank Editor: Daniela Russo July 2021 Contents Foreword 6 Acknowledgements 8 Introduction 9 Prepared by Daniela Russo Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, a 21st century renaissance man 13 Prepared by Daniela Russo and Ignacio Terol Alberto Giovannini and the European Institutions 19 Prepared by John Berrigan, Mario Nava and Daniela Russo Global cooperation 22 Prepared by Daniela Russo and Takeshi Shirakami Part 1 The Eurosystem as operator: TARGET2, T2S and collateral management systems 31 Chapter 1 – TARGET 2 and the birth of the TARGET family 32 Prepared by Jochen Metzger Chapter 2 – TARGET 37 Prepared by Dieter Reichwein Chapter 3 – TARGET2 44 Prepared by Dieter Reichwein Chapter 4 – The Eurosystem collateral management 52 Prepared by Simone Maskens, Daniela Russo and Markus Mayers Chapter 5 – T2S: building the European securities market infrastructure 60 Prepared by Marc Bayle de Jessé Chapter 6 – The governance of TARGET2-Securities 63 Prepared by Cristina Mastropasqua and Flavia Perone Chapter 7 – Instant payments and TARGET Instant Payment Settlement (TIPS) 72 Prepared by Carlos Conesa Eurosystem-operated market infrastructure: key milestones 77 Part 2 The Eurosystem as a catalyst: retail payments 79 Chapter 1 – The Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) revolution: how the vision turned into reality 80 Prepared by Gertrude Tumpel-Gugerell Contents 1 Chapter 2 – Legal and regulatory history of EU retail payments 87 Prepared by Maria Chiara Malaguti Chapter 3 – -
SAFE and SECURE PAYMENTS: the MASTERCARD APPROACH Global Point of View
SAFE AND SECURE PAYMENTS: THE MASTERCARD APPROACH Global point of view For nearly 50 years MasterCard has been safeguarding the way you pay. We have been innovating solutions driven by data and insights to increase the safety and security of electronic payments. Our safety and security guarantee: we want to give consumers the peace of mind to pay with confidence, and our goal is to build a world beyond cash where every person, every payment and every device is protected. Consumers need a safe and simple experience when making a payment, wherever they are in the world and whether they tap, click or swipe. MasterCard is investing time and money to continuously enhance the technology to detect and prevent fraud so that consumers can be confident that their money is safe. In the rare event that fraud1 does occur, we ensure consumer peace of mind by limiting or eliminating cardholder liability2. EXECUTIVE summary MasterCard is the leading technology company delivering electronic payments and the leader in safety and security • Technology and payment methods are changing every day – payments are becoming faster, smarter and more sophisticated. • Cards remain one of the safest ways to pay, with only 6 cents for every $100 spent on major global cards lost to fraud. MasterCard’s safety and security measures have already reduced this number to 5 cents. • We are investing in innovative payment and security solutions so consumers have a safe, secure and convenient payment experience. Safety and security is our number one priority. MasterCard guarantees safety and security with smart technology to ensure we are always one step ahead of fraudsters 1. -
Contactless Operating Mode Requirements Clarification Whitepaper
Contactless Operating Mode Requirements Clarification Whitepaper Version 1.0 Publication Date: February 2020 U.S. Payments Forum ©2020 Page 1 About the U.S. Payments Forum The U.S. Payments Forum, formerly the EMV Migration Forum, is a cross-industry body focused on supporting the introduction and implementation of EMV chip and other new and emerging technologies that protect the security of, and enhance opportunities for payment transactions within the United States. The Forum is the only non-profit organization whose membership includes the entire payments ecosystem, ensuring that all stakeholders have the opportunity to coordinate, cooperate on, and have a voice in the future of the U.S. payments industry. Additional information can be found at http://www.uspaymentsforum.org. EMV ® is a registered trademark in the U.S. and other countries and an unregistered trademark elsewhere. The EMV trademark is owned by EMVCo, LLC. Copyright ©2020 U.S. Payments Forum and Smart Card Alliance. All rights reserved. The U.S. Payments Forum has used best efforts to ensure, but cannot guarantee, that the information described in this document is accurate as of the publication date. The U.S. Payments Forum disclaims all warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of information in this document. Comments or recommendations for edits or additions to this document should be submitted to: [email protected]. U.S. Payments Forum ©2020 Page 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Contactless Operating Modes ............................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Impact of Contactless Operating Mode on Debit Routing Options .............................................. 6 3. Contactless Issuance Requirements ..................................................................................................... 7 4. -
New Debit Card Solutions At
New Debit Card Solutions Debit Mastercard and Visa Debit are ready Swiss Banking Services Forum, 22 May 2019 Philippe Eschenmoser, Head Cards & A2A, Swisskey Ltd Maestro/V PAY Have Established Themselves As the “Key to the Account” – Schemes, However, Are Forcing Market Entry For Successor Products Response from the Maestro and V PAY are successful… …but are not future-capable products schemes # cards Maestro V PAY on Lower earnings potential millions8 for issuers as an alternative payment traffic products (e.g. 6 credit cards, TWINT) Issuer 4 V PAY will be 2 decommissioned by VISA Functional limitations: in 20211 – Visa Debit as 0 • No e-commerce the successor 2000 2018 • No preauthorizations Security and stability have End- • No virtualization proven themselves customer High acceptance in CH and Merchants with an online MasterCard is positioning abroad in Europe offer are demanding an DMC in the medium term online-capable debit as the successor to Standard product with an Merchan product Maestro integrated bank card t 2 1: As of 2021 no new V PAY may be issued TWINT (Still) No Substitute For Debit Cards – Credit Cards With Divergent Market Perception TWINT (still) not alternative for debit Credit cards a no alternative for debit Lacking a bank card Debit function Limited target group (age, ~1.1 M 1 ~10 M. creditworthiness...) Issuer ~48.5 k ~170 k1 No direct account debiting DMC/ Visa Debit Potentially high annual fee End-customer Lower customer penetration Banks and merchants DMC/ P2P demand an online- Higher costs Merchant Visa Debit -
AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (Athl) NETWORK EVOLUTION in AMERICAN RETAIL BANKING: WHAT DRIVES IT?
AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (AThl) NETWORK EVOLUTION IN AMERICAN RETAIL BANKING: WHAT DRIVES IT? Robert J. Kauffiiian Leollard N.Stern School of Busivless New 'r'osk Universit,y Re\\. %sk, Net.\' York 10003 Mary Beth Tlieisen J,eorr;~rd n'. Stcr~iSchool of B~~sincss New \'orl; University New York, NY 10006 C'e~~terfor Rcseai.clt 011 Irlfor~i~ntion Systclns lnfoornlation Systen~sI)epar%ment 1,eojrarcl K.Stelm Sclrool of' Busir~ess New York ITuiversity Working Paper Series STERN IS-91-2 Center for Digital Economy Research Stem School of Business Working Paper IS-91-02 Center for Digital Economy Research Stem School of Business IVorking Paper IS-91-02 AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (ATM) NETWORK EVOLUTION IN AMERICAN RETAIL BANKING: WHAT DRIVES IT? ABSTRACT The organization of automated teller machine (ATM) and electronic banking services in the United States has undergone significant structural changes in the past two or three years that raise questions about the long term prospects for the retail banking industry, the nature of network competition, ATM service pricing, and what role ATMs will play in the development of an interstate banking system. In this paper we investigate ways that banks use ATM services and membership in ATM networks as strategic marketing tools. We also examine how the changes in the size, number, and ownership of ATM networks (from banks or groups of banks to independent operators) have impacted the structure of ATM deployment in the retail banking industry. Finally, we consider how movement toward market saturation is changing how the public values electronic banking services, and what this means for bankers. -
Aircraft Weight and Balance Control
AC 120-27D DATE: 8/11/04 Initiated By: AFS-200/ AFS-300 ADVISORY CIRCULAR AIRCRAFT WEIGHT AND BALANCE CONTROL U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration Flight Standards Service Washington, D.C. 8/11/04 AC 120-27D TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph Page CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1 100. What is the purpose of this advisory circular (AC)?.......................................................1 101. How is this AC organized? .............................................................................................1 102. What documents does this AC cancel?...........................................................................1 103. What should an operator consider while reading this AC?.............................................2 104. Who should use this AC?................................................................................................2 Table 1-1. Aircraft Cabin Size ................................................................................................2 105. Who can use standard average or segmented weights? ..................................................2 CHAPTER 2. AIRCRAFT WEIGHTS AND LOADING SCHEDULES......................................5 Section 1. Establishing Aircraft Weight .................................................................................... 5 200. How does an operator establish the initial weight of an aircraft?...................................5 201. How does an