sign in sign up
<<
Home , Ailuridae, Ictonyx, Musteloidea, Paradoxurinae, Viverra, Viverrinae

Ecography ECOG-01656 Meachen, J. A., Dunn, R. H. and Werdelin, L. 2015. Carnivoran postcranial adaptations and their relationships to climate. – Ecography doi: 10.1111/ ecog.01656

Supplementary material

Appendix 1: measured for analyses, ecological classifications, where they are located, and functional index values. Species sample sizes range from 2-5 specimens.

Family Species Locomotor Continents BI SMI GTH CI Category Ailurus fulgens arboreal EA 0.7608 0.658 0.1688 0.9347 Alopex lagopus generalist EA, NA 0.957 0.414 0.216 1.1535 Canidae Atelocynus generalist SA microtis 0.9291 0.453 0.1962 0.902 Canidae adustus generalist AF 1.0627 0.3522 0.1789 1.0584 Canidae Canis latrans cursorial NA 1.0446 0.3902 0.2423 1.0483 Canidae Canis lupus cursorial EA, NA 1.0147 0.4348 0.255 1.0183 Canidae Canis cursorial AF mesomelas 1.0268 0.3911 0.1777 1.058 Canidae Canis rufus cursorial NA 1.0215 0.3836 0.1983 1.0327 Canidae Cerdocyon thous generalist SA 0.9133 0.4126 0.2741 1.029 Canidae Chrysocyon generalist SA brachyurus 1.0442 0.4087 0.1524 1.0916 Canidae Cuon alpinus cursorial EA 0.9396 0.3806 0.2396 0.9629 Canidae Lycaon pictus cursorial AF 1.049 0.3733 0.2294 1.0257 Canidae generalist EA procyonoides 0.8741 0.5003 0.2642 1.0262 Canidae Otocyon generalist AF megalotis 1.0309 0.3917 0.1902 1.0731 Canidae Pseudalopex generalist SA gymnocerus 0.9396 0.4147 0.2656 1.0682 Canidae semi- SA venaticus fossorial 0.7948 0.5248 0.2541 0.9055 Canidae generalist NA, SA cinereoargenteus 0.8797 0.4303 0.1045 1.0542 Canidae Urocyon cursorial NA littoralis 0.8726 0.3838 0.1163 1.0549 Canidae zerda cursorial AF, EA 0.9322 0.3578 0.1167 1.2144 Canidae Vulpes chama cursorial AF 0.9522 0.3484 0.1872 1.1073 Canidae Vulpes rueppeli cursorial AF, EA 0.9741 0.3847 0.1899 1.1326 Canidae Vulpes velox cursorial NA 0.9268 0.327 0.1874 1.1058 Canidae Vulpes vulpes cursorial AF, EA, NA 0.9749 0.3766 0.1154 1.0998 Cryptoprocta arboreal AF ferox (Madagascar only) 0.7269 0.4542 0.3258 0.9145 Eupleridae fossana generalist AF (Madagascar only) 0.9836 0.3592 0.2179 1.0875 jubatus cursorial AF, EA 1.1885 0.7033 0.1348 1.0101 Felidae caracal generalist AF, EA 0.952 0.3178 0.261 1.0155 Felidae chaus generalist AF, EA 0.9522 0.2959 0.2111 1.0274 Felidae Felis silvestris scansorial AF, EA 1.0034 0.4767 0.1421 1.0514 Felidae Herpailurus scansorial NA, SA yaguarondi 0.8052 0.3025 0.2656 0.9461 Felidae generalist SA colocolo 0.9462 0.3735 0.185 1.084 Felidae Leopardus arboreal NA, SA wiedii 0.8946 0.3102 0.152 0.9821 Felidae Leptailurus generalist AF 1.0171 0.4565 0.1639 1.0332 Felidae canadensis generalist NA 0.9829 0.4367 0.1332 1.0241 Felidae Lynx pardinus generalist EA 0.9943 0.385 0.2136 0.9997 Felidae Lynx rufus scansorial NA 0.931 0.4304 0.117 1.0037 Felidae arboreal EA nebulosa 0.7994 0.4731 0.1784 0.9439 Felidae Otocolobus generalist EA manul 0.8919 0.4649 0.1898 1.0621 Felidae leo generalist AF, EA 0.8797 0.5689 0.139 0.8958 Felidae Panthera uncia scansorial EA 0.8743 0.6905 0.2035 0.9977 Felidae arboreal EA marmorata 0.8494 0.4909 0.1762 1.036 Felidae generalist EA planiceps 0.9276 0.3128 0.201 1.1137 Felidae concolor scansorial NA, SA 0.8328 0.4395 0.1385 0.8825 Herpestidae Atilax semiaquatic AF paludinosus 0.8889 0.4412 0.2504 1.0909 Herpestidae generalist AF jacksoni 0.858 0.5204 0.217 1.0169 Herpestidae generalist AF obscurus 0.7861 0.5482 0.1803 0.9911 Herpestidae Cynictis semifossorial AF penicillata 0.8744 0.3267 0.0884 1.1072 Herpestidae generalist AF sanguinea 0.7454 0.4566 0.2705 1.0347 Herpestidae Galerella generalist AF pulverulenta 0.8285 0.3836 0.2207 1.0082 Herpestidae semifossorial AF parvula 0.7631 0.4187 0.246 1.0649 Herpestidae generalist EA brachyurus 0.9223 0.4595 0.2072 1.0111 Herpestidae Herpestes generalist AF, EA ichneumon 0.9156 0.365 0.1619 1.0034 Herpestidae Herpestes generalist EA javanicus 0.7549 0.3845 0.2581 0.9857 Herpestidae Ichneumia generalist AF, EA albicauda 1.0312 0.3882 0.1804 1.0095 Herpestidae Liberiictis kuhni generalist AF 0.8161 0.3861 0.2475 1.0189 Herpestidae mungo generalist AF 0.9057 0.5034 0.1827 1.0724 Herpestidae Suricata semifossorial AF suricatta 0.9051 0.5873 0.2211 1.0749 Hyaenidae Crocuta crocuta cursorial AF 1.056 0.5814 0.1744 0.8044 Hyaenidae hyaena cursorial AF, EA 1.1207 0.5031 0.2508 0.8865 Hyaenidae Parahyaena cursorial AF brunnea 1.1022 0.589 0.1599 0.8173 Hyaenidae Proteles generalist AF cristatus 1.0785 0.3944 0.1112 1.018 Conepatus semifossorial NA mesoleucus 0.8173 0.4678 0.2125 1.0085 Mephitidae semifossorial NA macroura 0.8628 0.384 0.1103 1.085 Mephitidae Mephitis semifossorial NA mephitis 0.8171 0.6223 0.2625 1.0329 Mephitidae Spilogale semifossorial NA putorius 0.7912 0.43 0.2274 0.984 Amblonyx semiaquatic EA cinereus 0.8283 0.5931 0.2103 1.119 Mustelidae Arctonyx collaris semifossorial EA 0.8326 0.6595 0.2292 0.8405 Mustelidae Eira Barbara arboreal NA, SA 0.7371 0.3476 0.1806 0.942 Mustelidae Enhydra lutris semiaquatic EA, NA 0.749 0.6165 0.2653 1.2977 Mustelidae cuja generalist SA 0.6901 0.4845 0.2429 0.8934 Mustelidae Galictis vittata generalist NA, SA 0.7165 0.6749 0.2399 0.9184 Mustelidae Gulo gulo generalist EA, NA 0.833 0.55 0.2323 0.9681 Mustelidae libyca generalist AF 0.8023 0.441 0.2323 1.1186 Mustelidae Ictonyx striatus generalist AF 0.767 0.4467 0.2072 1.0932 Mustelidae semiaquatic NA canadensis 0.7486 0.6308 0.2455 1.2053 Mustelidae Lontra felina semiaquatic SA 0.7203 0.6126 0.209 1.091 Mustelidae lutra semiaquatic AF, EA 0.7141 0.6185 0.2308 1.0568 Mustelidae Martes scansorial NA americana 0.7603 0.4406 0.1798 1.0727 Mustelidae Martes flavigula scansorial EA 0.7762 0.5521 0.1918 1.017 Mustelidae Martes pennanti scansorial NA 0.788 0.4878 0.2027 1.045 Mustelidae meles semifossorial EA 0.8179 0.6414 0.2244 0.8422 Mustelidae Mellivora semifossorial AF, EA capensis 0.8367 0.5391 0.2376 0.8487 Mustelidae Melogale scansorial EA moschata 0.7957 0.5813 0.2365 0.942 Mustelidae Melogale generalist EA personata 0.8672 0.4793 0.2614 1.0297 Mustelidae Mustela altaica generalist EA 0.6953 0.3817 0.2004 1.0608 Mustelidae Mustela erminea generalist EA, NA 0.6711 0.4493 0.1636 1.0891 Mustelidae Mustela kathiah generalist EA 0.7075 0.3584 0.2181 1.0352 Mustelidae Mustela nigripes semi- NA fossorial 0.7386 0.473 0.2276 1.0332 Mustelidae Mustela nudipes generalist EA 0.6759 0.3994 0.2021 1.0383 Mustelidae Mustela putorius generalist EA 0.7455 0.4734 0.2356 1.0806 Mustelidae Mustela sibirica generalist EA 0.7222 0.3789 0.2009 1.0142 Mustelidae Neovison frenata generalist NA, SA 0.6711 0.4795 0.1976 1.0702 Mustelidae Neovison vison semiaquatic NA 0.6804 0.4536 0.2109 1.0835 Mustelidae Pteronura semiaquatic SA brasiliensis 0.7556 0.6304 0.2452 1.1902 Mustelidae Taxidea taxus semifossorial NA 0.8168 0.5713 0.2298 0.8342 Nandiniidae Nandinia arboreal AF binotata 0.7615 0.5303 0.2172 0.9754 Prionodontidae Prionodon scansorial EA 0.7999 0.4316 0.2174 0.9996 arboreal SA gabbi 0.7575 0.4734 0.1953 1.0309 Procyonidae arboreal NA astutus 0.8103 0.517 0.1859 1.0047 Procyonidae narica scansorial NA, SA 0.8881 0.6048 0.1946 0.9371 Procyonidae Potos flavus arboreal NA, SA 0.7692 0.5532 0.2053 1.0007 Procyonidae generalist NA, SA cancrivorus 0.9551 0.4595 0.2143 0.9705 Procyonidae Procyon lotor generalist NA 0.9885 0.4885 0.2093 1.0345 Ursidae generalist EA melanoleuca 0.7705 0.6821 0.2458 0.7617 Ursidae Helarctos scansorial EA malayanus 0.8995 0.5216 0.2142 0.7627 Ursidae Melursus ursinus generalist EA 0.8891 0.648 0.2432 0.7395 Ursidae Tremarctos scansorial SA ornatus 0.8592 0.6375 0.263 0.8041 Ursidae thibetanus scansorial EA 0.8514 0.6184 0.2104 0.7546 Ursidae Ursus scansorial NA americanus 0.8858 0.6924 0.2247 0.6328 Ursidae Ursus arctos generalist EA, NA 0.8394 0.6861 0.2291 0.7522 Ursidae Ursus maritimus semiaquatic EA, NA maritimus 0.8743 0.6926 0.2292 0.743 Arctictis arboreal EA 0.8067 0.5423 0.2204 0.9255 Viverridae Civettictis generalist AF civetta 0.9453 0.5193 0.2835 0.9589 Viverridae Cynogale semiaquatic EA bennettii 0.832 0.5241 0.2453 0.9977 Viverridae Genetta genetta scansorial AF 0.878 0.4989 0.1755 1.094 Viverridae Hemigalus scansorial EA derbyanus 0.8691 0.4598 0.2322 0.995 Viverridae Paguma larvata arboreal EA 0.8015 0.3995 0.1104 0.9091 Viverridae arboreal EA hemaphroditus 0.8005 0.5005 0.2811 0.9628 Viverridae generalist EA tangalunga 0.8841 0.4708 0.2263 0.9982 Viverridae Viverra zibetha generalist EA 0.7791 0.364 0.119 0.9617 Viverridae Viverricula generalist EA indica 0.7659 0.3375 0.2157 0.9814 Continent abbreviations: AF: , EA: Eurasia, NA: , SA: South America

Supplementary bibliography for the phylogeny used in this paper:

Agnarsson, I., Kuntner, M. and May-Collado, L. J. 2010. , , and kin: A molecular species-level phylogeny of . — Molecular and Evolution 54: 726-745.

Eizirik, E., Murphy, W. J., Koepfli, K. P., Johnson, W. E., Dragoo, J. W., Wayne, R. K. and O'Brien, S. J. 2010. Pattern and timing of diversification of the mammalian order Carnivora inferred from multiple nuclear gene sequences. — Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56: 49-63.

Fulton, T. L. and Strobeck, C. 2006. Molecular phylogeny of the (Carnivora): effect of missing data on supertree and supermatrix analyses of multiple gene data sets. — Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41: 165-81.

Fulton, T. L. and Strobeck, C. 2007. Novel phylogeny of the family (Procyonidae: Carnivora) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA evidence. — Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43: 1171-7.

Gaubert, P., Veron, G. and Tranier, M. 2002. Genets and ‘-like’ taxa (Carnivora, ): phylogenetic analysis, systematics and biogeographic implications. — Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134: 317-334.

Gaubert, P. and Veron, G. 2003. Exhaustive sample set among Viverridae reveals the sister- group of felids: the as a case of extreme morphological convergence within . — Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society 270: 2523-30.

Gaubert, P., Tranier, M., Delmas, A.-S., Colyn, M. and Veron, G. 2004. First molecular evidence for reassessing phylogenetic affinities between genets (Genetta) and the enigmatic genet-like taxa Osbornictis, and Prionodon (Carnivora, Viverridae). — Zoologica Scripta 33: 117- 129.

Gaubert, P. and Cordeiro-Estrela, P. 2006. Phylogenetic systematics and tempo of evolution of the Viverrinae (Mammalia, Carnivora, Viverridae) within feliformians: implications for faunal exchanges between Asia and Africa. — Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41: 266-78.

Gaubert, P. and Begg, C. M. 2007. Re-assessed molecular phylogeny and evolutionary scenario within genets (Carnivora, Viverridae, Genettinae). — Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44: 920-7.

Johnson, W. E., Eizirik, E., Pecon-Slattery, J., Murphy, W. J., Antunes, A., Teeling, E. and O'Brien, S. J. 2006. The Late Miocene Radiation of Modern Felidae: A Genetic Assessment. — Science 311: 73-77. Koepfli, K. P., Jenks, S. M., Eizirik, E., Zahirpour, T., Van Valkenburgh, B. and Wayne, R. K. 2006. Molecular systematics of the Hyaenidae: relationships of a relictual lineage resolved by a molecular supermatrix. — Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38: 603-20.

Koepfli, K. P., Gompper, M. E., Eizirik, E., Ho, C. C., Linden, L., Maldonado, J. E. and Wayne, R. K. 2007. Phylogeny of the Procyonidae (Mammalia: Carnivora): molecules, morphology and the Great American Interchange. — Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43: 1076-95.

Koepfli, K. P., Deere, K. A., Slater, G. J., Begg, C., Begg, K., Grassman, L., Lucherini, M., Veron, G. and Wayne, R. K. 2008. Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation. — BMC Biology 6: 10.

Lindblad-Toh, K., Wade, C. M., Mikkelsen, T. S., Karlsson, E. K., Jaffe, D. B., Kamal, M., Clamp, M., Chang, J. L., Kulbokas, E. J., 3rd, Zody, M. C., Mauceli, E., Xie, X., Breen, M., Wayne, R. K., Ostrander, E. A., Ponting, C. P., Galibert, F., Smith, D. R., DeJong, P. J., Kirkness, E., Alvarez, P., Biagi, T., Brockman, W., Butler, J., Chin, C. W., Cook, A., Cuff, J., Daly, M. J., DeCaprio, D., Gnerre, S., Grabherr, M., Kellis, M., Kleber, M., Bardeleben, C., Goodstadt, L., Heger, A., Hitte, C., Kim, L., Koepfli, K. P., Parker, H. G., Pollinger, J. P., Searle, S. M., Sutter, N. B., Thomas, R., Webber, C., Baldwin, J., Abebe, A., Abouelleil, A., Aftuck, L., Ait-Zahra, M., Aldredge, T., Allen, N., An, P., Anderson, S., Antoine, C., Arachchi, H., Aslam, A., Ayotte, L., Bachantsang, P., Barry, A., Bayul, T., Benamara, M., Berlin, A., Bessette, D., Blitshteyn, B., Bloom, T., Blye, J., Boguslavskiy, L., Bonnet, C., Boukhgalter, B., Brown, A., Cahill, P., Calixte, N., Camarata, J., Cheshatsang, Y., Chu, J., Citroen, M., Collymore, A., Cooke, P., Dawoe, T., Daza, R., Decktor, K., DeGray, S., Dhargay, N., Dooley, K., Dorje, P., Dorjee, K., Dorris, L., Duffey, N., Dupes, A., Egbiremolen, O., Elong, R., Falk, J., Farina, A., Faro, S., Ferguson, D., Ferreira, P., , S., FitzGerald, M., Foley, K., Foley, C., Franke, A., Friedrich, D., Gage, D., Garber, M., Gearin, G., Giannoukos, G., Goode, T., Goyette, A., Graham, J., Grandbois, E., Gyaltsen, K., Hafez, N., Hagopian, D., Hagos, B., Hall, J., Healy, C., Hegarty, R., Honan, T., Horn, A., Houde, N., Hughes, L., Hunnicutt, L., Husby, M., Jester, B., Jones, C., Kamat, A., Kanga, B., Kells, C., Khazanovich, D., Kieu, A. C., Kisner, P., Kumar, M., Lance, K., Landers, T., Lara, M., Lee, W., Leger, J. P., Lennon, N., Leuper, L., LeVine, S., Liu, J., Liu, X., Lokyitsang, Y., Lokyitsang, T., Lui, A., Macdonald, J., Major, J., Marabella, R., Maru, K., Matthews, C., McDonough, S., Mehta, T., Meldrim, J., Melnikov, A., Meneus, L., Mihalev, A., Mihova, T., Miller, K., Mittelman, R., Mlenga, V., Mulrain, L., Munson, G., Navidi, A., Naylor, J., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, N., Nguyen, C., Nicol, R., Norbu, N., Norbu, C., Novod, N., Nyima, T., Olandt, P., O'Neill, B., O'Neill, K., Osman, S., Oyono, L., Patti, C., Perrin, D., Phunkhang, P., Pierre, F., Priest, M., Rachupka, A., Raghuraman, S., Rameau, R., Ray, V., Raymond, C., Rege, F., Rise, C., Rogers, J., Rogov, P., Sahalie, J., Settipalli, S., Sharpe, T., Shea, T., Sheehan, M., Sherpa, N., Shi, J., Shih, D., Sloan, J., Smith, C., Sparrow, T., Stalker, J., Stange-Thomann, N., Stavropoulos, S., Stone, C., Stone, S., Sykes, S., Tchuinga, P., Tenzing, P., Tesfaye, S., Thoulutsang, D., Thoulutsang, Y., Topham, K., Topping, I., Tsamla, T., Vassiliev, H., Venkataraman, V., Vo, A., Wangchuk, T., Wangdi, T., Weiand, M., Wilkinson, J., Wilson, A., Yadav, S., Yang, S., Yang, X., Young, G., Yu, Q., Zainoun, J., Zembek, L., Zimmer, A. and Lander, E. S. 2005. Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic . — Nature 438: 803-19. Pages, M., Calvignac, S., Klein, C., Paris, M., Hughes, S. and Hanni, C. 2008. Combined analysis of fourteen nuclear genes refines the Ursidae phylogeny. — Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47: 73-83.

Patou, M.-L., Wilting, A., Gaubert, P., Esselstyn, J. A., Cruaud, C., Jennings, A. P., Fickel, J. and Veron, G. 2010. Evolutionary history of the Paradoxurus palm - a new model for Asian biogeography. — Journal of Biogeography 37: 2077-2097.

Patou, M. L., Debruyne, R., Jennings, A. P., Zubaid, A., Rovie-Ryan, J. J. and Veron, G. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of the Asian palm civets ( & , Viverridae, Carnivora). — Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47: 883-92.

Patou, M. L., McLenachan, P. A., Morley, C. G., Couloux, A., Jennings, A. P. and Veron, G. 2009. Molecular phylogeny of the Herpestidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) with a special emphasis on the Asian Herpestes. — Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53: 69-80.

Sato, J. J., Wolsan, M., Suzuki, H., Hosoda, T., Yamaguchi, Y., Hiyama, K., Kobayashi, M. and Minami, S. 2006. Evidence from Nuclear DNA Sequences Sheds Light on the Phylogenetic Relationships of Pinnipedia: Single Origin with Affinity to . — Zoological Science 23: 125-146.

Sato, J. J., Wolsan, M., Minami, S., Hosoda, T., Sinaga, M. H., Hiyama, K., Yamaguchi, Y. and Suzuki, H. 2009. Deciphering and dating the 's ancestry and early adaptive radiation of Musteloidea. — Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 53: 907-22.

Sato, J. J., Wolsan, M., Prevosti, F. J., D'Elia, G., Begg, C., Begg, K., Hosoda, T., Campbell, K. L. and Suzuki, H. 2012. Evolutionary and biogeographic history of -like carnivorans (Musteloidea). — Mol Phylogenet Evol 63: 745-57.

Veron, G. and Heard, S. 2000. Molecular systematics of the Asiatic Viverridae (Carnivora) inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence analysis. — Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 38: 209-217.

Veron, G., Colyn, M., Dunham, A. E., Taylor, P. and Gaubert, P. 2004. Molecular systematics and origin of sociality in (Herpestidae, Carnivora). — Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30: 582-598.

Wolsan, M. and Sato, J. J. 2010. Effects of data incompleteness on the relative performance of parsimony and Bayesian approaches in a supermatrix phylogenetic reconstruction of Mustelidae and Procyonidae (Carnivora). — Cladistics 26: 168-194.

Figure A1: A map of all of the localities used in this study. Each dot represents a separate location in the WorldClim database where MAT and MAP values were taken and where at least one (or more) species measured in this analysis are found within their native range.

Figure A2: The phylogeny used in this study for PGLS analysis. This phylogeny was created using (Nyakatura and Bininda-Emonds 2012) and molecular phylogenies from each family, see supplementary information for a complete bibliographical list.

Figure A3: PGLS plots for each functional index (BI, SMI, CI, and GTH) versus mean annual temperature (°C) or mean annual precipitation (mm), showing both phylogenetic least squares

(PGLS) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression lines.

1

Urocyon cinereoargenteus Urocyon littoralis Otocyon megalotis Nyctereutes procyonoides Vulpes zerda Vulpes chama Vulpes vulpes Vulpes rueppelli Vulpes lagopus Lycalopex gymnocercus Cerdocyon thous Atelocynus microtis Speothos venaticus Lupulella adustus Lycaon pictus Cuon alpinus Canis latrans Canis lupus Ursus arctos Ursus maritimus Ursus americanus Ursus thibetanus Helarctos malayanus Melursus ursinus Tremarctos ornatus Ailuropoda melanoleuca Conepatus leuconotus Spilogale putorius Mephitis mephitis Mephitis macroura Ailurus fulgens Potos flavus Procyon cancrivorous Procyon lotor Bassariscus astutus Nasua narica Bassaricyon gabbi Taxidea taxus Arctonyx collaris Meles meles Mustela putorius Mustela sibirica Mustela altaica Mustela erminea Mustela kathiah Mustela nudipes Neovison vison Lontra canadensis Enhydra lutris Lutra lutra Ictonyx libyca Ictonyx striatus Galictis cuja Galictis vittata Mellivora capensis Martes americana Martes flavigula Gulo gulo Martes pennanti Melogale moschata Nandinia binotata Prionodon linsang Neofelis nebulosa Panthera leo Pardofelis marmorata Leptailurus serval Caracal caracal Leopardus wiedii Lynx rufus Lynx canadensis Lynx pardinus Acinonyx jubatus Puma yagouaroundi Puma concolor Prionailurus planiceps Otocolobus manul Felis lybica Felis chaus Genetta genetta Viverricula indica Civettictis civetta Viverra zibetha Viverra tangalunga Paradoxurus hermaphroditicus Paguma larvata Hemigalus derbyanus Parahyaena brunnea Hyaena hyaena Crocuta crocuta Proteles cristatus Cryptoprocta ferox Fossa fossana Suricata suricatta Mungos mungo Liberiictis kuhni Helogale parvula Crossarchus obscurus Bdeogale crassicauda Cynictis penicillata Herpestes ichneumon Galerella sanguinea Galerella pulverulenta Atilax paludinosus Urva brachyurus Urva javanicus -0.6 0.05 -0.2 0.05

OLS PGLS OLS -0.7 0.00 0.00 PGLS OLS PGLS -0.3 -0.05 -0.8 logBI logCI -0.05

PGLS logSM logGTH -0.4 -0.10

OLS -0.9 -0.10 -0.15 -1.0 -0.15 -0.5 -0.20

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25

AVG_Temp.in.C AVG_Temp.in.C AVG_Temp.in.C AVG_Temp.in.C -0.6 0.05 -0.2 0.05

OLS -0.7

0.00 OLS 0.00 PGLS PGLS PGLS -0.3 OLS -0.05

OLS -0.8 logBI logCI -0.05

PGLS logSM logGTH -0.4 -0.10 -0.9 -0.10 -0.15 -1.0 -0.15 -0.5 -0.20

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

AVG_Precip..mm. AVG_Precip..mm. AVG_Precip..mm. AVG_Precip..mm.