Hattoria 5: 81－85, 2014

Two newly recorded species of (, ) in Japan

Tadashi Suzuki1

1The Hattori Botanical Laboratory, Shimada Branch, 6480-3 Takasago-cho, Shimada-shi, Shizuoka- ken 427-0054, Japan

Abstract. Two species of Encalypta, E. asperifolia Mitt. and E. microstoma Balsamo & De Notaris are additions to the flora of Japan. Key to Japanese species of Encalypta is given.

Introduction

Iwatsuki (2004) listed five species of Encalypta from Japan. Later, Suzuki & Iwatsuki (2008) added Encalypta trachymitra Rip. to the Japanese bryophyte flora. In this paper, I report two species of Encalypta that are newly found in Japan. As a result, Encalypta in Japan now includes 8 species. All collections are deposited in the herbarium of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory (NICH). Descriptions, specimens examined, distributions, key to the species, and illustrations of two species are included.

1. Encalypta asperifolia Mitt., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12: 181 (1869). Fig. 1. Stems 5.0－8.5 mm long, central strand slightly differentiated. Leaves oblong, 2.7－3.9 mm long, broadly acute to obtuse, mucronate; margins plane to erect or incurved distally; costa percurrent to subpercurrent, papillose distally on adaxial surface; upper laminal cells 12 －15 μm long, more or less quadrate or irregularly hexagonal, papillose, with curved or branched papillae; basal cells rectangular, 22－56 μm long, 16－22 μm wide, smooth; basal marginal cells differentiated below, in 3－5 rows, elongate, smooth. Rhizoidal gemmae not seen. Setae 4.2－4.5 mm long; capsules cylindric, 2.0－2.4 mm long, smooth to weakly wrinkled when dry; exothecial cells rectangular, thin-walled; peristome absent; opercula rostrate, ca. 0.6 mm long; spores 40－50 μm in diameter, proximal surface with plicae, distal surface coarsely papillose. Calyptrae 3.3－4.0 mm long, erose at base, smooth. Additional description: Horton 1983, 440, f. 224－228. Specimens examined: Honshu, Nagano-ken, Mts. Yatsu-ga-take, Mt. Yoko-dake, ca. 2800 m alt., on cliff, T. Suzuki 51026, 51028 (mixed with Encalypta microstoma). Distribution: South America; new to Japan (Honshu).

81

2. Encalypta microstoma Balsamo & De Notaris, Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino 40: 342 (1838). Fig. 2. Stems 4－5 mm long, central strand slightly differentiated. Leaves oblong to elliptical, 2.4－4.0 mm long, acute to broadly acute; margins plane to erect or incurved distally; costa percurrent to subpercurrent, papillose distally on adaxial surface; upper laminal cells 14－20 μm long, more or less quadrate or irregularly hexagonal, papillose with several large, branching papillae; basal cells rectangular, 25－53 μm long, 10－15 μm wide, smooth; basal marginal cells differentiated below, in 3－5 rows, elongate, smooth. Rhizoidal gemmae absent. Setae 3.7－5.5 mm long; capsules cylindric, ca. 2 mm long, smooth to weakly wrinkled when dry; exothecial cells irregularly quadrate to rectangular, thin-walled; peristome absent; operculum rostrate, 0.5－0.6 mm long; spores 32－38 μm in diameter, proximal surface with plicae, distal surface with pitted. Calyptrae 3.7－4.0 mm long, irregularly fringed at base, smooth. Additional descriptions: Horton 1983, 518, f. 366－370; Nyholm 1998, 283, f. 239B. Specimens examined: Honshu, Nagano-ken, Mts. Yatsu-ga-take, Mt. Yoko-dake, ca. 2800 m alt., on cliff, T. Suzuki 51318, 51328 (mixed with Encalypta asperifolia). Distribution: Europe and Caucasus; new to Japan (Honshu).

Key to the species of Encalypta in Japan

1. Vegetative leaves without long awn; apex muticous, mucronate, or apiculate ······························ 2 1. Some or all vegetative leaves with distinct long awns; apex broad to obtuse or acute ···················· 7 2. Stem covered with dense mass of rhizoidal gemmae ······································ E. streptocarpa 2. Stem without rhizoidal gemmae················································································ 3 3. Calyptra base erose ································································································· 4 3. Calyptra base fringed ······························································································· 6 4. Peristome well developed ······································································ E. trachymitra 4. Peristome absent or just a short hyaline membrane ························································· 5 5. Spores 30－40 μm in diameter; calyptra finely papillose throughout ··························· E. vulgaris 5. Spores 40－50 μm in diameter; calyptra smooth ··············································· E. asperifolia 6. Peristome present ······················································································ E. ciliata 6. Peristome absent ················································································ E. microstoma 7. Leaves lanceolate; peristome absent ···································································· E. alpina 7. Leaves narrowly oblong; peristome present ··················································· E. rhaptocarpa

Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Dr. B. C. Tan for correcting the English text and for valuable suggestions. Grateful acknowledgement is made of the financial support for this study provided by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (no. 16570086) by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

82

Literature cited

Horton, J. W. 1983. A revision of the Encalyptaceae (Musci), with particular reference to the North American taxa. Part 2. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 54: 353－532. Iwatsuki, Z. 2004. New catalog of the of Japan. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 96: 1－182. Nyholm, E. 1998. Illustrated Flora of Nordic Mosses. Fasc. 4. Aulacomniaceae－Orthotrichaceae. 249 －405. The Nordic Bryological Society. Suzuki, T. & Z. Iwatsuki. 2008. Encalypta trachymitra newly found in Japan. Bryol. Res. 9(9): 291－ 294 (in Japanese).

83

a g j

2 mm

f h i

e

b c d

Fig. 1. Encalypta asperifolia Mitt.: a, habit. b, leaf. c, upper laminal cells. d, basal marginal cells. e, f, cross sections of leaves. g, sporophyte. h, exothecial cells. i, spores. j, calyptra. All figures taken from T. Suzuki 51028 in NICH.

84

Fig. 2. Encalypta microstoma Balsamo & De Notaris: a, . b, c, leaves. d, upper laminal cells. e, basal marginal cells. f, g, cross sections of leaves. h, cross section of stem. i, sporophyte. j, exothecial cells. k, stoma. l, m, spores (distal surface). n, spore (proximal surface). o, calyptra. All figures drawn from T. Suzuki 51323 in NICH.

85