Bibliography on Biomimetics of Moss Peristomes and Hygroscopical Mechanisms, from Web of Sciences, Klaus Ammann, November 17, 2010, 716 references Abasolo, W., M. Eder, et al. (2009). "Pectin May Hinder the Unfolding of Xyloglucan Chains during Cell Deformation: Implications of the Mechanical Performance of Arabidopsis Hypocotyls with Pectin Alterations." Molecular Plant 2(5): 990-999. <Go to ISI>://WOS:000270218900015 Plant cell walls, like a multitude of other biological materials, are natural fiber-reinforced composite materials. Their mechanical properties are highly dependent on the interplay of the stiff fibrous phase and the soft matrix phase and on the matrix deformation itself. Using specific Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, we studied the mechanical role of the matrix assembly in primary cell walls of hypocotyls with altered xyloglucan and pectin composition. Standard microtensile tests and cyclic loading protocols were performed on mur1 hypocotyls with affected RGII borate diester cross-links and a hindered xyloglucan fucosylation as well as qua2 exhibiting 50% less homogalacturonan in comparison to wild-type. As a control, wild-type plants (Col-0) and mur2 exhibiting a specific xyloglucan fucosylation and no differences in the pectin network were utilized. In the standard tensile tests, the ultimate stress levels (similar to tensile strength) of the hypocotyls of the mutants with pectin alterations (mur1, qua2) were rather unaffected, whereas their tensile stiffness was noticeably reduced in comparison to Col-0. The cyclic loading tests indicated a stiffening of all hypocotyls after the first cycle and a plastic deformation during the first straining, the degree of which, however, was much higher for mur1 and qua2 hypocotyls. Based on the mechanical data and current cell wall models, it is assumed that folded xyloglucan chains between cellulose fibrils may tend to unfold during straining of the hypocotyls. This response is probably hindered by geometrical constraints due to pectin rigidity. Achtemeier, G. L. (2005). "Planned Burn-Piedmont. A local operational numerical meteorological model for tracking smoke on the ground at night: model development and sensitivity tests." International Journal of Wildland Fire 14(1): 85-98. <Go to ISI>://WOS:000227452000008 Smoke from both prescribed fires and wildfires can, under certain meteorological conditions, become entrapped within shallow layers of air near the ground at night and get carried to unexpected destinations as a combination of weather systems push air through interlocking ridge - valley terrain typical of the Piedmont of the Southern United States. Entrapped smoke confined within valleys is often slow to disperse. When moist conditions are present, hygroscopic particles within smoke may initiate or augment fog formation. With or without fog, smoke transported across roadways can create visibility hazards. Planned Burn ( PB)- Piedmont is a fine scale, time- dependent, smoke tracking model designed to run on a PC computer as an easy-to-use aid for land managers. PB- Piedmont gives high-resolution in space and time predictions of smoke movement within shallow layers at the ground over terrain typical of that of the Piedmont. PB-Piedmont applies only for weather conditions when smoke entrapment is most likely to occur - at night during clear skies and light winds. This paper presents the model description and gives examples of model performance in comparison with observations of entrapped smoke collected during two nights of a field project. The results show that PB-Piedmont is capable of describing the movement of whole smoke plumes within the constraints for which the model was designed. Adu, B. and L. Otten (1993). "Simultaneous Microwave Heat and Mass-Transfer Characteristics of Porous Hygroscopic Solids." Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy 28(1): 41-46. <Go to ISI>://A1993LD98900007 The underlying principles of drying with microwave power-dielectric drying-are reviewed. A physical model is presented to explain the heating and moisture loss characteristics of a low moisture porous hygroscopic solid. Thin-layers of Natto soybeans, a porous hygroscopic material, were used for the study. A TE10 microwave apparatus operating at 2450 MHz was used to obtain temperature, moisture loss, and power absorption data. Samples were dried from 24.6 to 12% dry basis. Characteristic curves of soybean temperature, moisture content, and absorbed microwave power needed to maintain a constant soybean drying temperature are presented. Results show that under constant power absorption, soybean temperature increases rapidly in initial stages, reaches a maximum, and then decreases gradually during the latter stages of drying. To maintain constant drying temperature, the power needed to be increased with time. Results indicate that increasing hygroscopicity resulting from moisture loss progressively increases the average bond strength of water molecules in a porous hygroscopic solid. This increases the latent heat of desorption and progressively reduces the energy available for sensible heating. Ajo, D., M. Bossa, et al. (1973). "EHT RE-EXAMINATION OF ACETYLCHOLINE." Theoretica Chimica Acta 30(3): 275-281. <Go to ISI>://WOS:A1973Q572400007 Akerholm, J., C. G. Berg, et al. (2001). "An experimental evaluation of the governing moisture movement phenomena in the paper coating process. II. Experimental." Drying Technology 19(10): 2407-2419. <Go to ISI>://WOS:000172824000004 This paper investigates the moisture movement in the paper coating process experimentally and theoretically. The experimental data is obtained by coating a base paper with a laboratory coater and by scraping off some of the coating color after a certain amount of time. The moisture content of the material, which has been scraped off, is measured and the amount of liquid absorbed from the coating color by the base paper is determined. The laboratory results are similar to measurements made on a pilot-coating machine. The mathematical solution is based on the diffusion of water vapor in air and taken the vapor partial pressure in a hygroscopic material, i.e. paper. The measurements and a theory based on vapor diffusion show that the moisture content of the base paper is an important parameter when trying to determine the loss of water from the coating color to the base paper. This kind of dependency cannot be explained by theories based on water movement in the liquid phase by capillary suction, as is discussed in Berg et al., 2000, Part I: Theoretical Aspects. Akiyama, H. (1987). "Morphology and Anatomy of the Peristome in Dozya-Japonica (Musci) and Reconsideration of Its Affinity to the Leucodontaceae." Bryologist 90(4): 409-416. <Go to ISI>://A1987N323700019 AND http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Delft-Hygroscop/Akiyama-Dozya-1987.pdf Alagirisamy, P. S., G. Jeronimidis, et al. (2009). "An investigation of viscous-mediated coupling of crickets cercal hair sensors using a scaled up model." Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering: 74010A (10 pp.). <Go to ISI>://INSPEC:10890220 Viscous coupling between filiform hair sensors of insects and arthropods has gained considerable interest recently. Study of viscous coupling between hairs at micro scale with current technologies is proving difficult and hence the hair system has been physically scaled up by a factor of 100. For instance, a typical filiform hair of 10 mu m diameter and 1000 mu m length has been physically scaled up to 1 mm in diameter and 100mm in length. At the base, a rotational spring with a bonded strain gauge provides the restoring force and measures the angle of deflection of the model hair. These model hairs were used in a glycerol-filled aquarium where the velocity of flow and the fluid properties were determined by imposing the Reynolds numbers compatible with biological system. Experiments have been conducted by varying the separation distance and the relative position between the moveable model hairs, of different lengths and between the movable and rigid hairs of different lengths for the steady velocity flow with Reynolds numbers of 0.02 and 0.05. In this study, the viscous coupling between hairs has been characterised. The effect of the distance from the physical boundaries, such as tank walls has also been quantified (wall effect). The purpose of this investigation is to provide relevant information for the design of MEMS systems mimicking the cricket's hair array. Aliakberov, R. D., O. F. Gavrilenko, et al. (1993). "Method for Evaluating the Protective Capability of Coatings on Hygroscopic Crystals." Soviet Journal of Optical Technology 60(2): 140-142. <Go to ISI>://A1993LG82200018 AND http://www.botanischergarten.ch/Delft-Hygroscop/Aliakberov-Crystals-1993.pdf A potentiometric survey method is proposed for monitoring and investigating the protective capabilities of coatings on optical components made from alkali-halide crystals. A device is described for measuring and recording the time dependence of the potential difference, which characterizes the diffusion rate of water through the pores and defects of the film to the surface of the component. Estimates of the protective capability of a number of single-layer and composite coatings are presented. Allen, B. and R. E. Magill (2007). "A revision of Orthostichella (Neckeraceae)." Bryologist 110(1): 1-45. <Go to ISI>://000245281900001 Orthostichella Mull. Hal. is a genus of nine species (O. capillicaulis, O. hexasticha, O. longinervis, O. muelleri,