Indigenous Intermediaries NEW PERSPECTIVES ON EXPLORATION ARCHIVES Aboriginal History Incorporated Aboriginal History Inc. is a part of the Australian Centre for Indigenous History, Research School of Social Sciences, The Australian National University, and gratefully acknowledges the support of the School of History and the National Centre for Indigenous Studies, The Australian National University. Aboriginal History Inc. is administered by an Editorial Board which is responsible for all unsigned material. Views and opinions expressed by the author are not necessarily shared by Board members. Contacting Aboriginal History All correspondence should be addressed to the Editors, Aboriginal History Inc., ACIH, School of History, RSSS, 9 Fellows Road (Coombs Building), Acton, ANU, 2601, or [email protected]. WARNING: Readers are notified that this publication may contain names or images of deceased persons. Indigenous Intermediaries NEW PERSPECTIVES ON EXPLORATION ARCHIVES Edited by Shino Konishi, Maria Nugent and Tiffany Shellam Published by ANU Press and Aboriginal History Inc. The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Indigenous intermediaries : new perspectives on exploration archives / edited by Shino Konishi, Maria Nugent, Tiffany Shellam. ISBN: 9781925022766 (paperback) 9781925022773 (ebook) Subjects: First contact of aboriginal peoples with Westerners--Australia. Aboriginal Australians--Australia. Discoveries in geography. Other Creators/Contributors: Konishi, Shino, editor. Nugent, Maria, editor. Shellam, Tiffany Sophie Bryden, 1979- editor. Dewey Number: 994.01 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover image: Sir Thomas Mitchell, explorer and government surveyor, studying a portrait of Piper, an Aboriginal guide who accompanied him on his third expedition through inland NSW. W.H. Fernyhough, [Album of portraits, mainly of New South Wales officials, c. 1836], PXA 617, Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, published with permission. Back cover image: W.H. Fernyhough, ‘Piper. The Native who accompanied Major Mitchell in His Expedition to the Interior’, c. 1836. [Album of portraits, mainly of New South Wales officials, c. 1836], PXA 617, Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, published with permission. Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2015 ANU Press and Aboriginal History Inc. Contents List of illustrations . vii List of contributors . xi Preface . xv 1 . Exploration archives and indigenous histories: An introduction . 1 Shino Konishi, Maria Nugent and Tiffany Shellam 2 . Intermediaries and the archive of exploration . 11 Felix Driver 3 . Explorer memory and Aboriginal celebrity . 31 Catherine Bishop and Richard White 4 . Jacky Jacky and the politics of Aboriginal testimony . 67 Maria Nugent 5 . Mediating encounters through bodies and talk . 85 Tiffany Shellam 6 . Agency, affect, and local knowledge in the exploration of Oceania . 103 Bronwen Douglas 7 . Cross-cultural knowledge exchange in the age of the Enlightenment . 131 John Gascoigne 8 . British–Tahitian collaborative drawing strategies on Cook’s Endeavour voyage . 147 Harriet Parsons 9 . Encounters and the photographic record in British New Guinea . 169 Antje Lübcke 10 . Noongar and non-Aboriginal people going along together (Ngulla wangkiny, ni, katitjin Noongar nyidyung koorliny, kura, yeye, boorda) . 189 Len Collard and Dave Palmer List of illustrations Figure 2.1 ‘Captain Noel and kinematograph camera with large telephoto lens established on the Chang La [North Col] at 23,000 feet’. 18 Figure 2.2 ‘Sketches from Vancouver Island’, 1851. 20 Figure 3.1 Charley Fisher and Harry Brown, guides on Leichhardt’s expedition, 1844–45 . 39 Figure 3.2 W.H. Fernyhough, ‘Piper. The Native who accompanied Major Mitchell in His Expedition to the Interior’, c. 1836. 40 Figure 3.3 W.H. Fernyhough, ‘Sir Thomas Mitchell’, c. 1836. 41 Figure 3.4 Charles Rodius, ‘Jacky Jacky, Expedition of Kennedy, March 16th 1849’. 43 Figure 3.5 ‘Forrest expedition exploring party, 1874’. 44 Figure 3.6 ‘Six members of the exploration party to the eastward and southward of Hampton Plains, led by Alexander Forrest’, 1871. 45 Figure 3.7 Thomas Mitchell, ‘Portraits of Turandurey (the female guide) and her child Ballandella, with the scenery on the Lachlan (10th May 1836)’. 46 Figure 3.8 ‘The Edward John Eyre Statue’, Kimba, South Australia (Marcus Possingham and Roland Weight, sculptors), unveiled 2011 . 57 Figure 3.9 Windich ‘memorial’ grave, Esperance, Western Australia, erected in 1988 . 58 Figure 3.10 Original Windich grave with headstone, photographed 1938. 59 Figure 3.11 Original site of Windich’s grave, as it is now, Esperance, Western Australia. 59 Figure 3.12: Jackey Jackey coffee shop, Cooktown, Queensland, 2010. 60 vii INDIGENOUS INTERMEDIARIES Figure 5.1 Phillip Parker King, ‘Boon-ga-ree Aboriginal of New So. Wales 1819 who accompanied me on my first voyage to the NW Coast’. 89 Figure 6.1 Joshua Reynolds, ‘Omai’, 1776, oil. 107 Figure 6.2 Louis Choris, ‘Kadou, habitant des îles Carolines’, 1822. 108 Figure 6.3 I. Clark after Louis Choris, ‘Kadu’, 1821. 109 Figure 6.4 Adam Johann von Krusenstern, ‘Carte de l’archipel des îles Fidji’, 1824. 110 Figure 6.5 Ambroise Tardieu after Victor-Amédée Gressien, ‘Carte de l’Archipel des Iles Viti, reconnues par le capitaine de frégate Dumont d’Urville … expédition de la corvette de S.M. l’Astrolabe, mai et juin 1827’, 1833. 111 Figure 6.6 United States Air Force, ‘Fiji Islands’, 1968, lithograph, detail. 113 Figure 6.7 Emmanuel-Adolphe Midy after Louis-Auguste Sainson, ‘Archipel des Viti: Portrait en pied de Tounbouanokoro’, 1833. 114 Figure 6.8 Jacques Arago after Louis-Auguste de Sainson, ‘Enlèvement du canot de l’Astrolabe par les naturels de Tonga-Tabou (Iles des Amis)’, 1833. 116 Figure 6.9 Emmanuel-Adolphe Midy after Louis-Auguste Sainson, ‘Archipel des Viti: Toki frère du chef de Lakemba’, 1833. 118 Figure 6.10 Emmanuel-Adolphe Midy after Louis-Auguste Sainson, ‘Archipel des Viti: Tounbouanokoro’, 1833. 119 Figure 6.11 Hippolyte-Louis Garnier after Louis-Auguste de Sainson, ‘Nlle. Hollande: Ile des Kanguroos: femmes de l’île’, 1833. 122 Figure 8.1 Chart of the Society Islands, attributed to Joseph Banks. 149 Figure 8.2 ‘Tupaia’s Chart’. 151 Figure 8.3 Detail of Raiatea, ‘Tupaia’s Chart’. 151 Figure 8.4a ‘A Plan of the Harbour of Croque in Newfoundland by J Cook, 1763’. 159 Figure 8.4b ‘A Plan of the Harbour of Croque in Newfoundland by J Cook, 1763’ (detail). 159 Figure 8.4c Sample of James Cook’s handwriting. 159 Figure 8.5 James Cook, A Chart of the Society Isles in the South Sea with the ship’s track superimposed. 160 Figure 8.6 James Cook, A Chart of the Society Isles in the South Sea (detail). 163 Figure 9.1 J.W. Lindt, ‘The Camp at Badeba Creek’, 1885. 175 Figure 9.2 J.W. Lindt, ‘Poling a Lakatoi to Windward, Port Moresby’, 1885. 179 viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 9.3 J.W. Lindt, ‘H. O. Forbes Esq., at Hanuabada, Port Moresby’, 1885 . 180 Figure 9 .4 J .W . Lindt, ‘The Chiefs of Garia & Saroa, on board S .S . Governor Blackall’, 1885. 181 ix List of contributors Catherine Bishop is a historian at the Australian Catholic University and the University of Sydney. She graduated with an MA (‘A Woman Missionary Living Amongst Naked Blacks: Annie Lock, 1876–1943’) in 1991 and a PhD (‘Commerce Was a Woman: Women in Business in Colonial Sydney and Wellington’) in 2012 from The Australian National University. She is the author of Minding Her Own Business: Colonial Businesswomen in Sydney (NewSouth, 2015) and has also published articles on Australian mission history, gender and heritage, and women in business, including in History Australia and Law and History Review. Len Collard is Professor with the School of Indigenous Studies at the University of Western Australia. He is a Whadjuk Noongar and a Traditional Owner of the Perth Metropolitan area, its surrounding lands, rivers, swamps and ocean, and its culture. He has a background in literature and communications and his research interests are in the area of Aboriginal Studies, including Noongar interpretive histories and Noongar theoretical and practical research models. Len has conducted research funded by the Australian Research Council, the National Trust of Western Australia, the Western Australian Catholic Schools, the Swan River Trust and many other organisations. Len’s research has allowed the broadening of the understanding of the many unique characteristics of Australia’s Aboriginal people and has contributed enormously to improving the appreciation of Aboriginal culture and heritage of the south-west of Australia. Len’s groundbreaking theoretical work has put Noongar cultural research on the local, national and international stages. Bronwen Douglas was a Fellow and Senior Fellow in Pacific and Asian History at The Australian National University for 16 years and is an Adjunct Associate Professor in ‘retirement’. She is a historian of the interplay of race, geography, and practical encounters with people and places in Oceania. Her research xi INDIGENOUS INTERMEDIARIES interests include the identification of traces of Indigenous