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Том 2. Вып. 1 Vol. 2. No. 1 РОССИЙСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК Южный Научный Центр RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Southern Scientific Centre CAUCASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL BULLETIN Том 2. Вып. 1 Vol. 2. No. 1 Ростов-на-Дону 2006 Кавказский энтомол. бюллетень 2(1): 15–20 © CAUCASIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL BULL. 2006 О подвидовой структуре Patrobus septentrionis Dejean, 1828 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) On subspecific structure of Patrobus septentrionis Dejean, 1828 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) А.С. Замотайлов¹, А.Ю. Исаев² A.S. Zamotajlov¹, A.Yu. Isaev² ¹ Кубанский государственный аграрный университет, ул. Калинина, 13 Краснодар 350044 Россия ² Ульяновское отделение Русского энтомологического общества, ул. Полбина, 44, кв. 42, Ульяновск 432032 Россия ¹Kuban State Agrarian University, Kalinin str., 13, Krasnodar 350044 Russia.E-mail: [email protected] ² Ulyanovsk branch of Russian Entomologic Society, Polbin str. 44, ap. 42, Ulyanovsk 432032 Russia Ключевые слова: Patrobus septentrionis, подвидовая структура, новые подвиды. Key words: Patrobus septentrionis, subspecific structure, new subspecies. Резюме. Рассмотрены некоторые аспекты большее разнообразие локальных форм, чем счи- подвидовой структуры Patrobus septentrionis Dejean, талось раньше. Так, совсем недавно был описан 1828, восстановлен подвидовой статус Patrobus очередной, крайне редкий, новый вид этого рода septentrionis australis Sahlberg, 1873, subsp. resurr., с Иберийского полуострова [Vives J. et E., 2005]. описаны новые подвиды P. septentrionis volgensis Интерпретация таксономического статуса таких Zamotajlov et Isaev subsp. n. (Среднее Поволжье) и P. узколокальных или имеющих сильно дизъюнктивные septentrionis sajanus Zamotajlov subsp. n. (горы Южной ареалы форм представляет реальную проблему, Сибири). так как в связи с их редкостью трудно установить, Abstract. Some aspects of the subspecific structure является наблюдаемый морфологический хиатус of Patrobus septentrionis Dejean, 1828 are analyzed, следствием географической диверсификации the subspecific status of Patrobus septentrionis aus- либо результатом сходных морфо-экологических адаптаций в пределах ряда локальных непрерывных tralis Sahlberg, 1873, subsp. resurr. is resurrected, new популяций. Мы все-таки считаем целесообразным subspecies, P. septentrionis volgensis Zamotajlov et Isaev в этой ситуации придавать номенклатурный статус subsp. n. (the Middle Volga region) and P. septentrionis хотя бы наиболее четко различающимся и вероятно sajanus Zamotajlov (mountains of South Siberia), subsp. n. географически изолированным формам широко are described. распространенных видов. Число их может расти по мере изучения географической изменчивости Введение таксонов. В своих последних работах авторы настоя- щей статьи упоминали, в частности, изолированные После недавней синонимизации Patrobus australis южные популяции P. septentrionis Dejean, 1828 [Исаев, Sahlberg, 1873 нами был получен новый материал, 2002; Замотайлов, 2005] из Среднего Поволжья и гор позволяющий более полно оценить изменчивость Южной Сибири (так называемой Томско-Алтайской и географическое распространение этой формы. подобласти). Первая форма, габитуально напоминая Кроме того, после обнародования этой синонимии в «Patrobus australis», имеет небольшие, но стойкие Каталоге палеарктических жесткокрылых [Замотай- отличия от всех европейских форм в строении пениса, лов, 2003б] первый автор настоящего сообщения имел а вторая – наиболее заметные габитуальные отличия возможность неоднократно обсуждать этот вопрос от всех известных форм (при этом она встречается на со многими заинтересованными коллегами. Следует стыке ареалов P. septentrionis и P. cinctus). Обе формы заметить, что это название продолжает упоминаться описываются ниже как подвиды. Вместе с тем следует и в литературе (например, Roosileht[2003]). За таким заметить, что подвидовая структура P. septentrionis подходом стоит не только верность традиции, еще далека от завершенности и требует углубленного берущей начало еще со времен известной работы изучения в объеме мировой фауны, что может повлечь и уточнение статуса нижеописываемых таксонов. Кюнельта [Kühnelt, 1941], но и факт реальной эколого- географической диверсификации в группе septentrionis, наблюдаемой у обоих ее видов, имеющих протяженные Материалы и методы голарктические ареалы, – Patrobus septentrionis Dejean, Все применяемые ниже морфометрические 1828 и Patrobus cinctus Motschulsky, 1844. Один из ее промеры соответствуют приведенным ранее в многочисленных примеров пришелся на Центральную публикациях первого автора. При картировании Европу, привлекающую особое внимание многих ареала P. septentrionis использована программа Bitmap исследователей. Generator, любезно предоставленная разработчиком В этой связи стоит отметить, что род Patrobus в К.В. Макаровым. целом демонстрирует в Старом Свете значительно Материал, изученный при подготовке работы, 16 А.С. Замотайлов, А.Ю. Исаев был получен или хранится в следующих учреждениях нимизирован нами с P. septentrionis [Замотайлов, 2003a] или частных коллекциях: АБ – коллекция А.Е. Бринева на основании идентичности строения гениталий самцов (Москва); АИ – коллекция А.Ю. Исаева (Ульяновск); ЗИН и отсутствия четко очерченного ареала (последний – Зоологический институт РАН (Санкт-Петербург); ИК сильно фрагментирован и даже толкуется некоторыми – коллекция И.И. Кабака (Санкт-Петербург); МПГУ – исследователями как бореомонтанный). «Patrobus Московский государственный педагогическийуниверс australis» является достаточно обычной формой P. итет (Москва); СЗМ – Сибирский зоологический музей septentrionis, довольно широко распространенной ИСЭЖ СО РАН (Новосибирск); HNHM – Венгерский преимущественно в странах Центральной Европы естественно-исторический музей (Будапешт); ZMUH [Hůrka, 1996] и обитающей во влажных и заболоченных – Зоологический музей Университета Хельсинки местах, припойменных лесах и подобных биотопах (Хельсинки). [Müller-Motzfeld, 2001 и др.] исключительно на низких высотах. Свою приуроченность к более низким Patrobus septentrionis australis Sahlberg, 1873, subsp. (долинным) биотопам эта экологическая форма resurr. демонстрирует также на севере Европы и в Альпах, хотя тут она встречается намного реже (тем не менее, Patrobus septentrionis var. australis J.R. Sahlberg, даже в Красном списке видов Германии, в которой она 1875: 91 (loc. typ.: Финляндия)*; Csiki, 1928: 341 (ab.); более обычна, «Patrobus australis» расценивается как Kühnelt, 1941: 190 (ab.); Lindroth, 1985: 110 (sp. dist.); «сильно угрожаемый», редкий вид). В отличие от нее, Lorenz, 1998: 226 (sp. dist.); «типичный» P. septentrionis обитает в Европе или в более Patrobus bitschnaui Reitter, 1908: 133 (loc. typ.: высоких широтах (страны Фенноскандии, Британские Австрия: Тироль); Csiki, 1928: 339; Kühnelt, 1941: 174 острова, Исландия), или выше в Альпах (наиболее (septentrionis subsp.); обычны находки из отдельных районов Австрии и Patrobus septentrionis subsp. relictus Neresheimer et Wagner, 1927: 87 (loc. typ.: Германия: Марк Швейцарии), что также напоминает бореомонтанную Бранденбург); дизъюнкцию. В целом, как на севере, так и в горах, Patrobus septentrionis Dejean, 1828: Замотайлов, наблюдается достаточно мозаичное распространение 2002: 117; 2003а: 241; 2003б: 285 (part.). двух названных форм. На значительном протяжении своего ареала «Patrobus australis» демонстрирует Материал. Свыше 40 экз. из внероссийской Европы, в т.ч. относительную мономорфность внешнего облика. Тем лектотип Patrobus septentrionis var. australis Sahlberg (обозначен: не менее, она нарушается сразу же при рассмотрении ♂ Замотайлов, 2003a), [ZMUH], «Pyhäj.», «J. Sahlb.», «1281.», «Mus. Zool. особей из удаленных, особенно неарктических, H: fors Spec. typ. No 25 Patr. septentrionis v. australis J. Sbg.» и лектотип Patrobus bitschnaui Reitter (обозначен: Замотайлов, 2003a), ♂ [HNHM], или азиатских популяций, ряд из которых имеет «P. Bitschnaui n. sp. Insbrück 15. 9. 1906», «coll. Reitter», «P. australis J. сходный габитус, отражающий, видимо, одинаковые Sahlb. det. Kuehnelt», «Holotypus Patrobus Bitschnaui Reitter 1908», у 25 экологические адаптации. Даже отдельные популяции экз. самцов изучены гениталии. с северо-запада России, из Финляндии и Гренландии не Диагностика. Диагностика подвида была дана могут быть уверенно диагностированы на основании Кюнельтом [Kühnelt, 1941] и Линдротом [Lindroth, приведенных Кюнельтом и Линдротом критериев (эти 1985] и строится на пропорциях челюстных щупиков проблемы отмечал, впрочем, и первый указанный автор). и деталях строения парамер. Изученные нами При всем внешнем различии, до сих пор известные типовые экземпляры P. septentrionis var. australis и P. нам популяции P. septentrionis имеют однотипные bitschnaui, а также материал из Марк Бранденбурга, гениталии самцов, принципиально отличающиеся от соответствующий описанию P. septentrionis relictus**, вида-двойника P. cinctus (практически неотличимого достаточно хорошо отличается также по строению внешне). плечевых зубчиков (признак, приведенный Вагнером, Изучение нового материала из Центральной [Neresheimer, Wagner, 1927]) и в целом шире и Европы не позволило нам выявить как достоверных массивнее номинативного подвида. Популяции P. случаев четкой симпатрии двух вышеназванных форм septentrionis с севера России обладают переходными P. septentrionis, так и переходных популяций и случаев признаками, в том числе и в строении челюстных клинальной изменчивости. С другой стороны очевидно, щупиков. Диагностика Кюнельта и Линдрота может что имеет место их достаточно жесткая экологическая быть принята лишь с большими оговорками, так как изоляция. В настоящее
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