DOCSLIB.ORG

300 Mg Iodine/Ml Solution for Injection Iohex

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
300 Mg Iodine/Ml Solution for Injection Iohex PACKAGE LEAFLET Package leaflet: Information for the patient <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution for injection Iohexol Read all of this leaflet carefully before you start using this medicine because it contains important information for you. - Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again. - If you have any further questions, ask your doctor. - If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. See section 4. What is in this leaflet 1. What <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution is and what it is used for 2. What you need to know before you use <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution 3. How to use <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution 4. Possible side effects 5. How to store <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution 6. Contents of the pack and other information 1. What <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution is and what it is used for This medicine is for diagnostic use only. It is used only to help identify an illness. <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution is a “contrast medium”. It contains Iohexol as drug substance for application in adults, neonates, infants, children and adolescents. It is given before an X-ray to make the picture that your doctor takes clearer. Once injected, it can help your doctor tell apart normal or abnormal appearance and shape of some organs in your body. It can be used for - X-rays of your heart and blood vessels - X-rays of your kidneys and urinary system (urography) - Contrast enhancement when using comupted tomography (CT contrast enhancement) - Introduction of contrast agent into the vertebral canal (cervical myelography and computed tomography of the basal cisterns after subarachnoid instillation) - X-rays of your joints (arthrography) - X-rays of ovarian tubes (hysterosalpingography) - X-rays of salivary glands (sialography) - Investigation of your gastrointestinal tract. The doctor will explain which part of your body will be scanned. 2. What you need to know before you use <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution Do not use <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution - If you suffer from hyperfunction of thyroid gland - if you are allergic to Iohexol or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6) - if you had serious reactions to Iohexol in previous use 1 - <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml and <Product name> 350 mg Iodine/ml are not suitable for imaging procedure in children up to 14 years, where the contrast agent is injected into the vertebral canal. Warnings and precautions Talk to your doctor before having <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution. During or shortly after the imaging procedure you may experience a short-term brain disorder called encephalopathy. Tell your doctor straight away if you notice any of the signs and symptoms related to this condition described in Section 4. Check with your doctor before having <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution: - If you have ever had an allergic reaction after a medicine similar to <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution, called a “contrast medium”. - If you have any thyroid problems. - If you have ever had any allergies. - If you have asthma. - If you have diabetes. - If you have any brain disease, brain tumours or spinal cord tumour. - If you have severe cardiac disease (involving heart or blood vessels) including irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias). - If you have kidney problems or both liver and kidney probems. - If you have an illness called “myastenia gravis” (a condition causing severe muscle weakness). - If you have bad general condition, dehydration. - If you have a “phaeochromocytoma” (constant or attacks of high blood pressure due to a rare tumour of your adrenal gland). - If you have any problems with your blood - If you have ever been dependent on alcohol or drugs. - If you have epilepsy. - If you are having a thyroid function test in the next weeks. - If you have pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the arteries to your lungs). - If you have dysproteinaemia or paraproteinaemias (the presence of excessive amount of an abnormal protein in your blood). - If you are having blood or urine samples taken on the same day. - If you are suffering from a disease caused by an overreaction of the immune system against the body’s own tissues (autoimmune disease). - If you have homocystinuria (a condition with increased excretion of the amino acid homocysteine in urine). - If your are homozygous for sickle cell disease. If you are not sure if any of the above apply to you, talk to your doctor before having <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution. Make sure to drink plenty of fluid before and after receiving <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution. This applies especially to patients with multiple myeloma (white blood cells disease), diabetes, kidney problems and elderly patients. Children and adolescents Make sure to drink plenty of fluid before and after receiving <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution. This applies especially to infants and small children. Drugs that can damage the kidneys should not be taken at the same time as <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution. Thyroid function should be checked in neonates during the first week of life, if the mother has received <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution during pregnancy. <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution may be removed from an infant’s body more slowly than an adult. 2 Young infants (less than 1 year of age) and especially newly born are suceptible to changes in certain laboratory tests (in balance in salts and minerals) and circulatory changes in blood circulation (blood flow to the heart). Other medicines and <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution Tell your doctor if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines. This is because some medicines can affect the way <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution works. Tell your doctor if you are taking or have recently taken one of the following medicines: - Anticonvulsant medicines - Diabetic medicines like Metformin - Other contrast agent - Interleukin-2 - Interferons - Beta-blocker - Other medicines to treat high blood pressure Beta-blockers may increase your risk of experiencing breathing difficulties and may interfere with the treatment of severe allergic reactions, which is a risk of <product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution. Interactions may occur with drugs that can lower seizure threshold. It is therefore recommended to discontinue the use of the drugs 48 hours before and 24 hours after the examination: - Phenothiazine derivatives - Antihistamines - Medicines against depression, like tricyclic antidrepressants or monoamine oxidase inhibitors, - Analeptics - Antipsychotics - Neuroleptic-acting anti-emetics. Pregnancy and breast-feeding If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor for advice before taking this medicine. Basically any woman of childbearing potential who has missed a period should be assumed to be pregnant. Pregnancy The safety of <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml for use in human pregnancy has not been established. Experimental animal studies do not indicate harmful effects with respect to the unborn child, the course of gestation and development of the child around or after birth. X-ray procedures carried out on pregnant women also involve radiation dose to the unborn child. Therefore, the benefits of an X-ray examination, with or without contrast media, should be carefully weighed against the possible risk. Apart from avoidance of exposition of the unborn child to radiation, the sensitivity of the thyroid gland of the unborn child to iodine should be taken into account. Thyroid function should be checked in all newborns during the first week of life following administration of iodinated contrast agents to the mother during pregnancy. Repeat testing of thyroid function is recommended at 2 to 6 weeks of age, particularly in low birth weight newborn or premature newborn. Breast-feeding Breast-feeding may be continued normally after an examination of the mother with <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution. Iohexol is poorly excreted in human breast milk and minimal amounts are absorbed by the intestine of the suckling child. Your doctor will only use this product if it is considered that the benefit outweighs the risk. 3 Driving and using machines It is not advisable to drive or use tools or machines after your last injection of <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution for: - 24 hours, if it has been given into your spine, or - One hour in all other cases. This is because you may feel dizzy or have other signs of a reaction afterwards. <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution contains sodium. This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per ml, i.e. essentially “sodium free”. 3. How to use <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution will always be given to you by a speciall trained and qualified person. - <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution will always be used in a hospital or clinic. - They will tell you anything you need to know for its safe use. Your doctor will decide the dose that is best for you. You should not eat two hours before examination. The usual dose is: - One single injection or you may be asked to swallow it. - A total dose of 1.5 g iodine per kg body weight should not be exceeded per examination day. After you have been given <Product name> 300 mg Iodine/ml solution You will be asked: - To drink plenty of fluid afterwards (to help flush the medicine from your body), and - To stay in or around the area where you had your scan or X-ray for around 15 minutes, and - To stay in the clinic or hospital for one hour.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Assessment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Monitoring Their Elimination
    Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination A GUIDE FOR PROGRAMME MANAGERS Third edition Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination A GUIDE FOR PROGRAMME MANAGERS Third edition WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination : a guide for programme managers. – 3rd ed. 1.Iodine – deficiency. 2.Nutrition disorders – prevention and control. 3.Sodium chloride, Dietary – therapeutic use. 4.Nutrition assessment. 5.Nutrition policy – standards. 6.Guidelines. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 159582 7 (NLM classification: WK 250) This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts, and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization. © World Health Organization 2007 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncom- mercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organi- zation concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authori- ties, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacologyonline 2: 727-753 (2010) Ewsletter Bradu and Rossini
    Pharmacologyonline 2: 727-753 (2010) ewsletter Bradu and Rossini COTRAST AGETS - IODIATED PRODUCTS. SECOD WHO-ITA / ITA-OMS 2010 COTRIBUTIO O AGGREGATE WHO SYSTEM-ORGA CLASS DISORDERS AD/OR CLUSTERIG BASED O REPORTED ADVERSE REACTIOS/EVETS Dan Bradu and Luigi Rossini* Servizio Nazionale Collaborativo WHO-ITA / ITA-OMS, Università Politecnica delle Marche e Progetto di Farmacotossicovigilanza, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Regione Marche, Italia Summary From the 2010 total basic adverse reactions and events collected as ADRs preferred names in the WHO-Uppsala Drug Monitoring Programme, subdivided in its first two twenty years periods as for the first seven iodinated products diagnostic contrast agents amidotrizoate, iodamide, iotalamate, iodoxamate, ioxaglate, iohexsol and iopamidol, their 30 WHO-system organ class disorders (SOCDs) aggregates had been compared. Their common maximum 97% levels identified six SOCDs only, apt to evaluate the most frequent single ADRs for each class, and their percentual normalization profiles for each product. The WILKS's chi square statistics for the related contingency tables, and Gabriel’s STP procedure applied to the extracted double data sets then produced profile binary clustering, as well as Euclidean confirmatory plots. They finally showed similar objectively evaluated autoclassificative trends of these products, which do not completely correspond to their actual ATC V08A A, B and C subdivision: while amidotrizoate and iotalamate, and respectively iohesol and iopamidol are confirmed to belong to the A and B subgroups, ioxaglate behaves fluctuating within A, B and C, but iodamide looks surprizingly, constantly positioned together with iodoxamate as binary/ternary C associated. In view of the recent work of Campillos et al (Science, 2008) which throws light on the subject, the above discrepancies do not appear anymore unexpected or alarming.
    [Show full text]
  • Iodine Fact Sheet & References
    Iodine Fact Sheet and References What is iodine? • Essential trace mineral • Critical in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland converts iodine into T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyrodine) hormones, which control metabolism throughout the body. • Excreted through urine Where do we find iodine? • Table salt (iodized salt) – Beginning in the 1920s, iodine was added to table salt and to other foods to prevent iodine deficiency. • Seafood and seaweed • Dairy and grains (amounts vary depending on source) Who’s impacted? • 2.2 billion people worldwide are at risk for Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs). Of these, 30-70% have goiter and 1-10% have cretinism. • People living in the Great Lakes region (including Minnesota) may have inadequate intake due to low levels of iodine in the soil in which crops are grown. • Iodine deficiency virtually eliminated in the U.S. and many Western nations, due to iodization of salt. However: o 1970s-1990s: median U.S. urinary iodine (UI) excretion fell 50%, indicating indicate intake, and possible increased risk for moderate IDD. Experts thought this might be attributable to a decreased intake of salt; removal of iodate conditioners in store-bought breads; and an increased use of non-iodized salt in manufactured or premade convenience foods o 2001-2002 NHANES data indicated that levels had stabilized. Even so, women of reproductive age consistently had the lowest UI levels. • Women of reproductive age are an important group to monitor: o Pregnant women are vulnerable to iodine deficiency due to an increased renal clearance of iodine and transfer of iodine to fetus. o Iodine supplementation during pregnancy is often delayed, because women are unaware they are pregnant during early weeks of gestation.
    [Show full text]
  • ACR Manual on Contrast Media
    ACR Manual On Contrast Media 2021 ACR Committee on Drugs and Contrast Media Preface 2 ACR Manual on Contrast Media 2021 ACR Committee on Drugs and Contrast Media © Copyright 2021 American College of Radiology ISBN: 978-1-55903-012-0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Topic Page 1. Preface 1 2. Version History 2 3. Introduction 4 4. Patient Selection and Preparation Strategies Before Contrast 5 Medium Administration 5. Fasting Prior to Intravascular Contrast Media Administration 14 6. Safe Injection of Contrast Media 15 7. Extravasation of Contrast Media 18 8. Allergic-Like And Physiologic Reactions to Intravascular 22 Iodinated Contrast Media 9. Contrast Media Warming 29 10. Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Contrast 33 Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Adults 11. Metformin 45 12. Contrast Media in Children 48 13. Gastrointestinal (GI) Contrast Media in Adults: Indications and 57 Guidelines 14. ACR–ASNR Position Statement On the Use of Gadolinium 78 Contrast Agents 15. Adverse Reactions To Gadolinium-Based Contrast Media 79 16. Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF) 83 17. Ultrasound Contrast Media 92 18. Treatment of Contrast Reactions 95 19. Administration of Contrast Media to Pregnant or Potentially 97 Pregnant Patients 20. Administration of Contrast Media to Women Who are Breast- 101 Feeding Table 1 – Categories Of Acute Reactions 103 Table 2 – Treatment Of Acute Reactions To Contrast Media In 105 Children Table 3 – Management Of Acute Reactions To Contrast Media In 114 Adults Table 4 – Equipment For Contrast Reaction Kits In Radiology 122 Appendix A – Contrast Media Specifications 124 PREFACE This edition of the ACR Manual on Contrast Media replaces all earlier editions.
    [Show full text]
  • Uptake in 35 Patients with Amiodarone Associated Thyrotoxicosis
    Twenty-Four Hour Radioactive Iodine Uptake in 35 Patients with Amiodarone Associated Thyrotoxicosis Enio Martino, Fabrizio Aghini-Lombardi, Francesco Lippi, Lidio Baschieri, Marjorie Safran, Lewis E. Braverman, and Aldo Pinchera Patologia Medica II, Endocrinologia e Medicina Costituzionale, University ofPisa, Pisa, Italy; and Department of Medicine, University ofMassachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts @ Amiodarone associated thyrotoxicosis (AAT)occurs in 10% of patients treated wfth this iodine rich drug in areas of mild iodine deficiency. The thyroid radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) is usually undetectable or very low in iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis. In the present study, 35 patients with AATwere evaluated. Twelvepatients had no thyroidabnormalfties byphysicalexamandallhad24-hrRAIU 4%. Incontrast,nineof 11 patientswithAAT anddiffusegoitersandeightof 12patientswithAATandnodulargoftershadRAIUvalues greater than 8%. In patients with AATand goiter it appears possible that the thyroid fails to adapt normallyto the excess iodide load, resulting in an inappropriatelyhigh RAIUin the presence of excess plasma iodine. J Nuci Med 26: 1402-1407, 1985 odine-induced thyrotoxicosis has been recognized for MATERIAL AND METhODS many years in iodine deficient areas since the introduction of iodine prophylaxis for goiter (Jod-Basedow disease) Patients (1). Hyperthyroidism occurring after acute and chronic Thirty-five consecutive patients (15 M, 20 F) aged 32— administration of iodine-containing drugs has also been 71 yr (mean 57 yr) with AAT were studied. All patients observed in patients with or without underlying thyroid resided in WestThscany,Italy, an area of moderate iodine abnormalities residing in both iodine deficient and suffic deficiency. The drug was administered chronically (4—18 ient areas (1—5).Recently, amiodarone, an iodine rich mo) at a dose of 100-250 mg daily.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2016 1/41
    Estonian Statistics on Medicines 2016 ATC code ATC group / Active substance (rout of admin.) Quantity sold Unit DDD Unit DDD/1000/ day A ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM 167,8985 A01 STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0738 A01A STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 0,0738 A01AB Antiinfectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment 0,0738 A01AB09 Miconazole (O) 7088 g 0,2 g 0,0738 A01AB12 Hexetidine (O) 1951200 ml A01AB81 Neomycin+ Benzocaine (dental) 30200 pieces A01AB82 Demeclocycline+ Triamcinolone (dental) 680 g A01AC Corticosteroids for local oral treatment A01AC81 Dexamethasone+ Thymol (dental) 3094 ml A01AD Other agents for local oral treatment A01AD80 Lidocaine+ Cetylpyridinium chloride (gingival) 227150 g A01AD81 Lidocaine+ Cetrimide (O) 30900 g A01AD82 Choline salicylate (O) 864720 pieces A01AD83 Lidocaine+ Chamomille extract (O) 370080 g A01AD90 Lidocaine+ Paraformaldehyde (dental) 405 g A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 47,1312 A02A ANTACIDS 1,0133 Combinations and complexes of aluminium, calcium and A02AD 1,0133 magnesium compounds A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+ Magnesium hydroxide (O) 811120 pieces 10 pieces 0,1689 A02AD81 Aluminium hydroxide+ Magnesium hydroxide (O) 3101974 ml 50 ml 0,1292 A02AD83 Calcium carbonate+ Magnesium carbonate (O) 3434232 pieces 10 pieces 0,7152 DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GASTRO- A02B 46,1179 OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GORD) A02BA H2-receptor antagonists 2,3855 A02BA02 Ranitidine (O) 340327,5 g 0,3 g 2,3624 A02BA02 Ranitidine (P) 3318,25 g 0,3 g 0,0230 A02BC Proton pump inhibitors 43,7324 A02BC01 Omeprazole
    [Show full text]
  • Povidone-Iodine (Topical)
    PATIENT & CAREGIVER EDUCATION Povidone-Iodine (Topical) This information from Lexicomp® explains what you need to know about this medication, including what it’s used for, how to take it, its side effects, and when to call your healthcare provider. Brand Names: US Aplicare Povidone-Iodine Scrub [OTC] [DSC]; Aplicare Povidone-Iodine [OTC] [DSC]; Betadine Antiseptic Dry Powder [OTC]; Betadine Antiseptic Gargle [OTC]; Betadine Antiseptic Rinse [OTC]; Betadine Antiseptic [OTC]; Betadine Skin Cleanser [OTC] [DSC]; Betadine Surgical Scrub [OTC]; Betadine Swabsticks [OTC]; Betadine [OTC]; Clorox Nasal Antiseptic [OTC] [DSC]; ExCel AP [OTC] [DSC]; First Aid Antiseptic [OTC]; NuPrep 5% Povidone-Iodine [OTC] [DSC]; PVP Prep [OTC] [DSC]; PVP Scrub [OTC] [DSC]; Scrub Care Povidone-iodine [OTC]; Summers Eve Disp Medicated [OTC] What is this drug used for? All skin products: It is used to treat or prevent bacterial infections. It may be given to your child for other reasons. Talk with the doctor. All vaginal products: It is used to treat vaginal irritation, itching, and soreness. Throat gargle: It is used to treat a sore throat. Povidone-Iodine (Topical) 1/7 What do I need to tell the doctor BEFORE my child takes this drug? All products: If your child is allergic to this drug; any part of this drug; or any other drugs, foods, or substances. Tell the doctor about the allergy and what signs your child had. If your child is pregnant or breast-feeding a baby: If your child is pregnant or may be pregnant. Some forms of this drug are not for use during pregnancy. Talk with the doctor if your child is breast-feeding a baby or plans to breast- feed a baby.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Povidone Iodine Nasal Spray and Mouthwash During the Current COVID-19 Pandemic May Protect Healthcare Workers and Reduce Cross Infection
    March 27, 2020 The use of Povidone Iodine nasal spray and mouthwash during the current COVID-19 pandemic may protect healthcare workers and reduce cross infection. J Kirk-Bayley MRCP FRCA EDIC FFICM, Consultant Intensivist & Anaesthetist, Royal Surrey County Hospital S Challacombe, PhD, FRCPath, FDSRCS, FMedSci, DSc(h.c), FKC, Martin Rushton Professor of Oral Medicine, KCL VS Sunkaraneni LLM FRCS(2019), Consultant Rhinologist, Royal Surrey County Hospital J Combes FDS FRCS (OMFS), Lt Col RAMC, Consultant Advisor (ARMY) in OMFS, Defence Medical Services Abstract In late 2019 a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared in Wuhan China, and on 11th March 2020 the World Health Organisation declared it to have developed pandemic status. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) has a better anti-viral activity than other antiseptics, and has already been proven to be an effective virucide in vitro against severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS- CoV). Povidone iodine has been shown to be a safe therapy when inhaled nasally or gargled. We propose that a protocolised nasal inhalation and oropharyngeal wash of PVP-I should be used in the current COVID-19 pandemic to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from patients to healthcare workers (and vice versa) and thus reduce the incidence of COVID-19. There should be regular use in patients with COVID-19 to limit upper respiratory SARS-CoV-2 contamination, but also use by healthcare workers prior to treating COVID 19 patients or performing procedures in and around the mouth/ nose during the pandemic, regardless of the COVID 19 status of the patient.
    [Show full text]
  • Reaching Optimal Iodine Nutrition in Pregnant and Lactating Women and Young Children
    Joint Statement by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund Reaching Optimal Iodine Nutrition in Pregnant and Lactating Women and Young Children BACKGROUND In 1994, a special session of the WHO and UNICEF Joint Commit- tee on Health Policy recommended Universal Salt Iodization (USI)1 as a safe, cost-effective and sustainable strategy to ensure sufficient intake of iodine by all individuals (1). It also suggested that temporary iodine supplementation be considered in areas of severe iodine defi- ciency where USI cannot be rapidly implemented. Based on new evidence and lessons learned within the last decade, it appears that the most susceptible groups - pregnant and lactating women, and children less than two years of age - might not be ad- equately covered by iodized salt where USI is not fully implemented. This situation may jeopardize the optimal brain development of the UNICEF/HQ04-0916/Shehzad Noorani fetus and young child. 1. Categorization of country according to level of imple- In order to address this issue, WHO convened a technical consulta- mentation of salt iodization programmes. tion on the prevention and control of iodine deficiency in pregnant and Countries, or areas within countries, can be categorized into four lactating women and in children less than two years of age. The con- groups based on the proportion of household use of iodized salt at sultation, held on 24-26 January 2005 in Geneva, Switzerland, made the national level. It is preferable for highly populated countries to recommendations to ensure optimum iodine nutrition among these use disaggregated data and categorize areas of the country ac- groups (2).
    [Show full text]
  • GASTROGRAFIN- Diatrizoate Meglumine and Diatrizoate Sodium Liquid Bracco Diagnostics Inc ------GASTROGRAFIN® Diatrizoate Meglumine and Diatrizoate Sodium Solution USP
    GASTROGRAFIN- diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium liquid Bracco Diagnostics Inc ---------- GASTROGRAFIN® Diatrizoate Meglumine and Diatrizoate Sodium Solution USP DESCRIPTION Gastrografin (Diatrizoate Meglumine and Diatrizoate Sodium Solution) is a palatable lemon-flavored water-soluble iodinated radiopaque contrast medium for oral or rectal administration only. Each mL contains 660 mg diatrizoate meglumine and 100 mg diatrizoate sodium; pH has been adjusted to 6.0 to 7.6 with sodium hydroxide. Each mL contains approximately 4.8 mg (0.21 mEq) sodium and 367 mg organically bound iodine. Inactive ingredients: edetate disodium, flavor, polysorbate 80, purified water, saccharin sodium, simethicone, and sodium citrate. Diatrizoate meglumine is designated chemically as 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol 3,5- diacetamido-2,4,6-triiodo-benzoate (salt); diatrizoate sodium is monosodium 3, 5-diacetamido-2,4,6- triiodobenzoate. Structural formulas: CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY The most important characteristic of contrast media is the iodine content. The relatively high atomic weight of iodine contributes sufficient radiodensity for radiographic contrast with surrounding tissues. Diagnostic enteral radiopaque agents have few known pharmacological effects. Diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium exert a mild laxative effect attributable to their high osmolarity. Diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium are sparingly absorbed from the intact gastrointestinal tract, and therefore permit gastrointestinal opacification and delineation after oral or rectal administration. Oral administration is used for radiographic evaluation of the esophagus, stomach and proximal small intestine. Rectal administration is used for examination of the colon; however, visualization of the distal small bowel is generally unsatisfactory, since the hypertonicity of the medium causes intraluminal diffusion of water with subsequent dilution of the medium.
    [Show full text]
  • EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 10.0 Index 1. General Notices
    EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 10.0 Index 1. General notices......................................................................... 3 2.2.66. Detection and measurement of radioactivity........... 119 2.1. Apparatus ............................................................................. 15 2.2.7. Optical rotation................................................................ 26 2.1.1. Droppers ........................................................................... 15 2.2.8. Viscosity ............................................................................ 27 2.1.2. Comparative table of porosity of sintered-glass filters.. 15 2.2.9. Capillary viscometer method ......................................... 27 2.1.3. Ultraviolet ray lamps for analytical purposes............... 15 2.3. Identification...................................................................... 129 2.1.4. Sieves ................................................................................. 16 2.3.1. Identification reactions of ions and functional 2.1.5. Tubes for comparative tests ............................................ 17 groups ...................................................................................... 129 2.1.6. Gas detector tubes............................................................ 17 2.3.2. Identification of fatty oils by thin-layer 2.2. Physical and physico-chemical methods.......................... 21 chromatography...................................................................... 132 2.2.1. Clarity and degree of opalescence of
    [Show full text]
  • Structure and Properties of X-Ray Contrast Media
    STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF X-RAY CONTRAST MEDIA Optimal use of CM in radiology requires a knowl- edge of the nature and relevant properties of the available substances. This chapter describes the properties of currently used and newly developed contrast-giving agents that infuence their behav- ior in the human body, their side effects, and their practical utility. The main X-ray contrast agents in use today are insoluble barium sulfate for the diagnostic evalu- ation of the GI tract and water-soluble CM for the radiological assessment of the different vascular systems, body cavities and organs. In addition, a water-soluble CM based on tri-iodobenzene is the alternative agent of choice for oral use when bari- um sulfate is contraindicated. Barium Sulfate Barium is used in the form of the insoluble sulfate for radiography of the GI tract. If perforation is suspected, however, only water-soluble, iodinated agents (Gastrografn, Ultravist-370) can be used since the body is virtually incapable of eliminating barium sulfate once it has entered the peritoneum. Barium sulfate is available either as a powder to be prepared directly before use or as a ready-to-use suspension. For double-contrast examinations (fll- ing of the lumen with gas, coating of the wall with barium sulfate), barium sulfate is either mixed with a carbon dioxide additive, or a gas-forming agent is taken in addition. © The Author(s) 2018 20 U. Speck, X-Ray Contrast Media, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56465-3_3 Common to all barium preparations is concentra- tion of barium sulfate which may diluted according to the needs of the examination.
    [Show full text]