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Mialosk Edicion XIII

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Mialosk Edicion XIII MMAANNUUAALL DDEE IINNIICCIIAACCIIOONN AA LLOOSS KKIILLLLIISS Edicion Web 1.0 SS..EE..KK.. La SEK pertenece a la FISA INDICE CAPITULO I : GENERALIDADES............................................................................................................................ 2 CAPITULO II : MANTENIMIENTO........................................................................................................................... 9 1- LA INSTALACION Y LOS ACUARIOS................................................................................................................... 9 2- EL AGUA .................................................................................................................................................................. 11 3- LA TURBA Y OTROS.............................................................................................................................................. 19 4- LAS PLANTAS......................................................................................................................................................... 20 5- AIREACION.............................................................................................................................................................. 23 6- ILUMINACION ........................................................................................................................................................ 23 7- TEMPERATURA ...................................................................................................................................................... 25 8- ALIMENTACION ..................................................................................................................................................... 26 9- CARACOLES............................................................................................................................................................ 38 10-VACACIONES .......................................................................................................................................................... 38 CAPITULO III : REPRODUCCION DE LOS KILLIS................................................................................................. 38 A- NO ANUALES ......................................................................................................................................................... 39 B- ANUALES ................................................................................................................................................................ 40 C- CONSERVACION DE HUEVOS Y ECLOSION.................................................................................................... 43 LAS MOPAS....................................................................................................................................................................45 CAPITULO IV : EXPEDICION DE HUEVOS Y PECES.......................................................................................... 48 CAPITULO V : ENFERMEDADES........................................................................................................................... 51 CAPITULO VI : HISTORIA DE LOS KILLIS ........................................................................................................... 58 CAPITULO VII : ELEMENTOS DE SISTEMATICA................................................................................................. 59 CAPITULO VIII : DETERMINACION DEL SEXO .................................................................................................... 64 CAPITULO IX : SISTEMATICA............................................................................................................................... 65 CAPITULO X : LA SEK, BOLETINES Y ASOCIACIONES ..................................................................................126 INDICE GENERAL DEL BISEK...................................................................................................132 CAPITULO XI : VIAJES DE PESCA ........................................................................................................................143 CAPITULO XII : VARIOS...........................................................................................................................................152 Es para mi una gran alegría el poder prologar esta edición sobre la iniciación a los Killis, fruto de un largo trabajo ini- ciado hace algún tiempo por Dionisio Bastante y continuado y puesto al día por la experiencia de numerosos killífilos y rematado en un magnífico trabajo por nuestro editor y amigo Jorge Sanjuán. El primer objetivo de este manual es llevar al principiante entusiasta de los Killis en una adecuada dirección. Por algu- nas razones, muchas de las técnicas que involucran el mantenimiento y reproducción de los Killis han permanecido como un mis- terio en la mayoría de la literatura sobre acuariofilia. La información aportada está pensada para dar al principiante, fundamental- mente, el punto de comienzo desde el cual cada uno debe progresar, explorar y en la mayoría sobrepasar. La información que aquí se aporta y la descripción de métodos no deben ser universales en su aplicación, deben ser tomados como la experiencia personal de numerosos criadores con "exito" y por lo tanto susceptible de variaciones personales. Todos, por muy neófitos que seamos, siem- pre podemos aportar nuestro pequeño "truquito". He de deciros que todos los que estamos inmersos en la "Killifilia" siempre, aun- que llevemos bastantes años en esto, estamos aprendiendo algo nuevo. Uno de los grandes retos de este nuestro hobby es precisa- mente eso, el contínuo descubrimiento de nuevas cosas y barreras que hay que superar. Todo esto hace que esa pequeña llama que llevamos en nuestro interior se avive día a día y nos haga amar a estos maravillas que son los Killis. Francisco Malumbres Viscarret Presidente de la SEK al inicio del proyecto Este libro está basado en el libro editado por el KCF. La traducción inicial la realizó Dionisio Bastante, y su corrección y ampliación por Jorge Sanjuán para su edición por la SEK. Texto del libro original titulado "Killis: Mantenimiento, Reproducción y crianza" por J.F. Fels, con la colaboración de M. Chauche, J.H. Huber, V. Montiel, M y A. Passeron, C. Petit, H. Prat, A. Remeur, G. Richard, R. Romand, A.M. y G. Schmitt. Añadidos del Killi-Data 2003 de J.H. Huber Han colaborado, texto y/o fotos/dibujos. Francisco Malumbres, Francisco Casado, Juan Carlos Rubio, Jorge Sanjuán, Dionisio Bastante, Juan Antonio Cuesta, Jesús López, Sebastian Calero, Felix P. López Ruiz, archivo SEK y colaboraciones del foro Aphanius. Version digital PDF por Jorge Sanjuán y Alejandro Mateos. Editado por la SEK XIII EDICION: Diciembre 2005. Manual de iniciación a los Killis - 1 - CAPITULO I GENERALIDADES: os Killis o Ciprinodóntidos ovíparos viven en todos los continentes, aunque están ausentes de Oceanía, Norte de Asia y Noroeste de Norteamérica. La distribución es esencialmente intertropi- Lcal, pero las regiones de climas moderados o fríos cuentan igualmente con varias especies (Aphanius iberus, Fundulus diaphanus o Meg. elongatus, por ejemplo). Distribución mundial de los Killis. (En negro) Osteología de los peces óseos. A, A' cráneo de la amia (Amia calva), visión lateral y dor- sal; B, B' esqueleto de la cabeza de un bacalao (Gadus), B' visto lateralmente tras eli- minación de los huesos infraorbitales y operculares; an angular, ad adnasal, ar articu- lar, as alisfenoides, bc basioccipital, de dental, eg entogloso, ex exetmoides, fr frontal, gu gular, hm hiomandibular, hy hioides, ih interhial, io interopercular, la lacrimal, ma maxilar, me mesetmoides, na nasal, oc exooccipital, op opercular, os opistótico, pa parietal, pe postemporal, pf prefrontal, pl palatino, pm premaxilar, po pterótico, pp post parietal, pr preopercular, ps paraesfenoides, pt pterigoideo, qu cuadrado, rb radios branquióstegos, ro rostral, sa surangular, sc supraoccipital, sm supramaxilar, so subo- percular, sq escamoso, st esfenótico, su suborbitales, sy simpléctico, vo vómer; C1-C4 serie evolutiva desde la columna vertebral disospóndila a la monospóndila, C1 disospóndila, C2 diplospóndila, C3,4 monospóndila; D, D' vértebra torácica de una perca (Perca), vista lateralmente y por delante; E, E' primera vértebra caudal de una perca (Perca), lateralmente y desde delante; F columna vertebral torácica de un esturión (Acipenser); G, G' cortes transversales esquemáticos del tórax; G de un crosopterigio, G' de un teleósteo con sólo costillas ventrales; H costillas y espinas de arenque (Alosa); a pleurocuerpo, b hipocuerpo, c basidorsal (= cuerpo neural), c' parte cartilaginosa del mismo, d basiventral, e interdorsal (= intercalar dorsal), f interventral (= intercalar ven- tral), g neuroapófisis, h cuerpo vertebral, i hemapófisis, k canal de la médula espinal, l canal hemal, m cuerda dorsal, n costilla, o apófisis neural, p septo horizontal, q vérte- bra, r costilla dorsal, s costilla ventral, t celoma, u espinas epineurales, v espinas epi- centrales, w espinas epipleurales (según GOODRICH, STEMPELL, BERTIN, GROTE y colab., GOEPPERT y BÜTSCHLI, BÜTSCHLI). Estos peces pertenecen al Orden Atheriniformes, Familia Cyprinodontidae. El Orden Atheriniformes (Greenwood et Al, 1966), son un grupo de peces muy comunes en la acuariofilia, como los Poecílidos (peces vivíparos: Guppies, Mollies, Xiphos), los Aterínidos de Australia y de Asia (Melanotaenia y Telmaterina), los
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