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Fish Assemblages Found in Tidal-Creek and Seagrass Habitats in the Suwannee River Estuary

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Fish Assemblages Found in Tidal-Creek and Seagrass Habitats in the Suwannee River Estuary View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by College of William & Mary: W&M Publish W&M ScholarWorks VIMS Articles 2006 Fish Assemblages Found In Tidal-Creek And Seagrass Habitats In The Suwannee River Estuary Troy D. Tuckey Virginia Institute of Marine Science, [email protected] Mark Dehaven Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons Recommended Citation Tuckey, Troy D. and Dehaven, Mark, "Fish Assemblages Found In Tidal-Creek And Seagrass Habitats In The Suwannee River Estuary" (2006). VIMS Articles. 564. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/564 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in VIMS Articles by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ART & EQUATIONS ARE LINKED 102 Abstract—Fish assemblages were Fish assemblages found in tidal-creek and investigated in tidal-creek and sea- grass habitats in the Suwannee River seagrass habitats in the Suwannee River estuary estuary, Florida. A total of 91,571 fish representing 43 families were collected in monthly seine samples Troy D. Tuckey from January 1997 to December Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 1999. Tidal creeks supported greater Florida Wildlife Research Institute densities of fish (3.89 fish/m2; 83% Apalachicola Field Laboratory of total) than did seagrass habitats East Point, Florida 32328 (0.93 fish/m2). We identified three Present address: School of Marine Science distinct fish assemblages in each Virginia Institute of Marine Science habitat: winter−spring, summer, and College of William and Mary fall. Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), P.O. Box 1346, Route 1208 Greate Road pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera), and Gloucester Point, Virginia, 23062 syngnathids characterized seagrass E-mail address: [email protected] assemblages, whereas spot (Leiosto- mus xanthurus), bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli), silversides (Menidia spp.), Mark Dehaven mojarras (Eucinostomus spp.), and Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services fundulids characterized tidal-creek Division of Aquaculture habitats. Important recreational and 11350 SW 153rd Ct. commercial species such as striped Cedar Key, Florida 32625 mullet (Mugil cephalus) and red drum (Sciaenops o c ellatus) were found primarily in tidal creeks and were among the top 13 taxa in the fish assemblages found in the tidal-creek habitats. Tidal-creek and seagrass The Suwannee River estuary, located shallow waters near Cedar Key (Reid, habitats in the Suwannee River estu- ary were found to support diverse fish on the gulf coast of Florida, is rela- 1954), only one recent study (Tsou assemblages. Seasonal patterns in tively pristine and supports commer- and Matheson, 2002) has investigated occurrence, which were found to be cial and recreational fisheries. It is an the distribution patterns of fishes in associated with recruitment of early- unusual estuary, with an orientation the Suwannee River estuary. Tsou life-history stages, were observed for along the open coastal shoreline, and and Matheson (2002) found that the many of the fish species. its habitats include oyster bars, mud- nekton community structure for the f lats, seagrasses, tidal creeks, and Suwannee River estuary had a strong an extensive salt marsh (Comp and seasonal pattern that was consistent Seaman, 1985). In other estuaries of among years and followed patterns the United States, fish assemblages, for water temperature and river dis- species abundance, and habitat asso- charge. They found assemblages that ciations within estuaries have been were associated with warm and cold studied extensively. Particular atten- seasons, and wet and dry seasons, tion has focused on estuaries as nurs- but they did not examine habitat spe- ery habitats for young-of-the-year cific assemblages (Tsou and Matheson, (YOY) fishes that use seagrasses, 2002). For proper management of fish- tidal-creeks, and marshes during their ery resources, it is beneficial to have early-life stages (Shenker and Dean, detailed, current information concern- 1979; Bozeman and Dean, 1980; Liv- ing the status of all life-history stages ingston, 1984; Cowan and Birdsong, and associated habitats of species that 1985; Gilmore, 1988; McGovern and reside in the area, as well as informa- Wenner, 1990 ; Baltz et al., 1993; tion concerning species interactions Peterson and Turner, 1994; Rooker and associated food webs. Although et al., 1998). In addition, comparisons human development in the Suwannee between different habitats within estu- River estuary is not a current threat, arine systems have been conducted to the potential withdrawal of freshwater evaluate the value of each habitat as a from the Suwannee River for human nursery (Weinstein and Brooks, 1983; consumption is a possibility and could Manuscript submitted 20 July 2004 Sogard and Able, 1991; Rozas and impact fish assemblages found in the to the Scientific Editor’s Office. Minello, 1998; Paperno et al., 2001). estuary (Tsou and Matheson, 2002). Manuscript approved for publication Aside from basic species-composition This article describes habitat-spe- 19 July 2005 by the Scientific Editor. studies of marsh fishes (Kilby, 1955; cific assemblages by examining the Fish. Bull. 104:102–117 (2006). Nordlie, 2000) and fishes that inhabit fish fauna collected in seagrass habi- PREFLIGHT GOOD Tuckey and Dehaven: Fish assemblages found in tidal-creek and seagrass habitats in the Suwannee River estuary 103 tats with those collected in tidal-creek habitats in the Suwannee River estuary. We performed com- parisons of monthly collections of fish found along tidal-creek shorelines and those found in seagrass habitats to define fish assemblages and incor- Suwannee porated abiotic parameters as potential factors River estuary influencing the assemblages. We also compared length distributions of species in each habitat to examine the success of YOY recruitment and the subsequent influence of YOY recruitment on fish assemblages in order to understand the nursery function of each habitat. Methods Study location Gulf of This study took place in the Suwannee River estu- Mexi co ary, which lies along the gulf coast of Florida, extending from just north of the Suwannee River to Cedar Key (Fig. 1). The Suwannee River emp- ties directly into the Gulf of Mexico forming an unusual open estuary that stretches 13 kilometers north of the river mouth, southeastward to the islands of Cedar Key, and extends approximately 8 kilometers offshore (Leadon1). The Suwannee River estuary is shallow (water depth <2.2 m below Land Tida l -creek se i ne hau ls mean sea level), and has semidiurnal tides with Seagrass sei ne hau ls a tidal range of 0.7 m. The shoreline is relatively undeveloped; the city of Cedar Key (pop. 898) along the southeastern edge of the estuary and the small town of Suwannee approximately 4.8 kilometers Figure 1 inland along the Suwannee River are the only Study area showing location of tidal-creek and seagrass seine hauls in populated areas. The remainder of the coastline, the Suwannee River estuary, located on the gulf coast of Florida. consisting of the Lower Suwannee and Cedar Keys National Wildlife Refuges and the Cedar Key State Preserve, is owned by the public. terniflora) and needle rush (Juncus roemerianus) near the creek mouths and changed to a variety of freshwa- Study design ter marsh grasses and terrestrial vegetation upstream. The seine was set from a boat in a semicircular pattern Randomly selected sites were sampled monthly within along the shoreline, retrieved onshore, and sampled an tidal-creek and seagrass habitats from January 1997 average area of 68 m2 per haul. Shoreline areas inun- through December 1999. Juvenile and small adult fish dated with vegetation were not sampled if the water from each site were collected using a 21.3-m × 1.8-m depth was greater than 0.5 m in order to reduce the nylon seine with 3.2-mm mesh and a center bag measur- interference of vegetation during sample collections. ing 1.8-m × 1.8-m × 1.8-m. Sampling methods depended Sampling in tidal-creeks was limited to the shoreline on the habitat sampled, and all seines were deployed because the water was too deep in the channels to during daylight hours. deploy the seine. In addition, despite the importance Collections in tidal creeks consisted of six hauls per of oyster bar habitat, oyster bars located inside tidal month in 1997 and increased to nine hauls per month creeks were not sampled because they interfered with in 1998 and 1999. Tidal creeks consisted of soft mud, the proper deployment of the seine. deep channels, oyster bars, and steep banks. Shoreline Seagrass habitats generally surrounded the major is- vegetation included saltmarsh cord grass (Spartina al- lands near Cedar Key, including North Key and nearby islands (Fig. 1). In addition, vegetated patches extended from North Key northwestward to the mouth of the Su- 1 Leadon, C. J. 1979. Unpubl. manuscr. Environmental wannee River and were present in shallow areas ap- effects of river flows and levels in the Suwannee River sub- basin below Wilcox and the Suwannee River estuary, Florida, proximately three kilometers west of the Suwannee River 59 p. Suwannee River Water Management District Interim (Fig. 1). Dominant seagrass species in the Suwannee Report, 9225 County Road 49, Live Oak, FL 32060. River estuary included turtle grass (Thalassia testudi- 104 Fishery Bulletin 104(1) num), manatee grass (Syringodium filliforme), and shoal by using algorithms in PRIMER (Plymouth Routines grass (Halodule wrightii). Percent coverage was estimat- in Multivariate Ecological Research, vers. 5, Plymouth ed visually, or if water clarity was insufficient to visually Marine Laboratory, UK) for the study of community inspect the bottom, bottom samples were collected at structure (Clarke and Warwick, 1994). To identify 3-m intervals during deployment of the seine. For ana- fish assemblages, hierarchical agglomerative cluster lytical purposes, areas sampled had to contain at least analysis was performed with the Bray-Curtis similar- ten percent seagrass to be considered seagrass habitat.
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