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This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Citizens' Council Collection at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Newspapers and Journals by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Irene Corbal/y Kuhn CHANGING AFRICA--TIME BOMB? Irish and Italians BOSTON BRA VES FEDERAL WRATH Random Glances at News ALI, A BERNA THY,ARA8S,A TLANTA

the CITIZEN

APRIL 19711 110 CENTS EDITOR A L o p N o N VOL. 19 APRIL 1975 NO.7

Black CHANGING AFHICA-TIME BOMB FOR THE WEST? Crime Concealed Irene Corbally Kuhn 4 BOSTON BRAVES FEDERAL WRATH In New York, an 83-year-old man a conclusion is strengthened by the Fighting Irish plus Fine Italian Hand ..... 12 and his 78-year-old wife are bound, fact these news accounts usually STRICTLY PERSONAL terrorized by knives and fire, then contain detailed descriptions of the Roy V. Harris 15 robbed of their Social Security criminal's size, his clothing and his RANDOM GLANCES AT THE NEWS money-the only money they have mode of transportation. Readers VFW vs. Muhammad Ali in Louisiana . 18 to live on for the rest of the month. are told that a killer-rapist wore Ralph Abernathy Threatens Mississippi .... 19 The victims are white and their blue trousers, a red shirt, black U.S. Negro Mayors Court Oil-Rich Arabs . ... 24 assailants are black-but this in­ shoes and a tan hat with a green Blacks Jobless in Black Atlanta . . 31 formation is not revealed in The band, and that he escaped in a \ '1HAT Is TIlE CITIZENS COUNCIL DOING? New York Times' account of the white-topped, maroon automobile North Carolina Businessman Takes His Stand . . 26 crime. of 1963 vintage, but seldom are Arkansans for Presidential Primary ...... 28 In Louisa, Va., a district court they informed whether the culprit Membership Drive in Missouri ...... 29 judge is slain and the county sheriff is white or black. is wounded by a gunman who in­ Photo Credits: Pages 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19, v.ades the county courtroom with Ask one of the fledgling re­ :20, 23, 2.5, Wide World. a sawed-off shotgun. Again, the porters who usually make up the staffs of the wire service bureaus Publisher .... W. J. Simmons victims are white and the gunman Editor why racial identities are not re­ George W. Shannon is black - but, again, the racial ~ranaging Editor Medford Evans identities are not revealed in an ported in such cases and he is apt to Associated Press news item about reply that it is "policy" not to in­ SUBSCRIPTION $4.00 PER YEAR the shooting. clude such information unless it Baek issues, as available .. 50¢ each In Raleigh, N. c., a man is jailed is "pertinent" to the news storv. Microfilm copies of current as well as hack issues of Ask him who decides the relevan~y THE CITIZEN may be purchased from University Mi­ as the alleged slayer of four crofilm, 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106. women, three of them sisters. In or non-relevancy of racial identity in any given criminal case, and Puhlished monthly with a comhined July-August issue at Jackson, reporting the incident, United Mississippi, by The Citizens Council, Inc. Second-Class mail Press International does not reveal you've got him stumped. privile~es authorized at Jackson, Mississippi, The opinions expressed in signed articles appearing herein do that the accused man is black­ • not necessarily represent official views of The Citizens Conncils A major Southern newspaper, of America. Official policy statements are plainly designated. which he is. Nor does UPI report the Shreveport Journal, found in a TilE CITIZEN is not responsihle for unsolicited material suh­ mitted for possihle puhlication. All such material should be ac­ whether the women victims are all readership survey several years companied hy it self-addressed envelope if its return is desired. black or all white, or whether there ago that news of racial matters is one or more of each color. ranked among the top four specific In reading news accounts of items in which the public is most these and other crimes in which interested, the others being educa­ the c the racial identities of the princi­ tion and schools (in which race to­ pals are not disclosed, one can only day is a dominant factor), health OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CITIZENS COUNCILS OF AMERICA conclude that the concealment of and medicine, and religion and 254 East Griffith Street • Jackson, Mississippi 39202 this information is deliberate. Such morals.

2 Entire Contents © 1975 tty The Citizens Council. Inc . All rights reserved. THE CITIZEN World Observer Inquires-

Changing Africa- Time Bomb for West? By IRENE COR BALLY KUHN

If Portugal's April 12th elections consign that key Mediterranean "All this has enabled them to push through visas for visiting country to the Communists, then take their fight to the streets. Two social-democratic unionists, who the Western world is in real weeks ago (Jan. 24), they broke are suspect because of their strong trouble. And it may well come to up a conservative conference in anti-Communist leanings. ~ pass. The February 7 monthly re­ Oporto. They have pushed through "Washington is virtually power­ port of the prestigious Research a law setting up a monolithic trade less to do anything to help. In Institute of America predicts that Union. other times, CIA would have been "Portugal is No. 1 on Kissinger's "Socialist For e i g n Minister in the thick of events there-but 'next-to-go-Communist' list. Wash­ Soares, the opposition's leader, has U.S. and Congressional opinion ington half expected the take-over been begging for u.s. help as well prevents any kind of action now. push to come off the last week as from European socialists. But "It's too soon to write off Por­ in January. It didn't, but the fear even he is threatened in his own tugal to the radicals just yet. Some is that momentum is just st.arting ministry; hasn't been able yet to of the non-Communist officers are Irene Kuhn to build up."

The Portuguese Reds, driven to Irene Corbally Kuhn reported political frenzy by their Soviet in THE CITIZEN last June mentors in anticipation of victory, on the April 1974 military may not wait for the election. The coup in Portugal, and its im­ RIA says that "the main reason for pact on Southern Africa. Her concern hangs on the election set grave warning that Portugal for April. Washington is afraid might go Communist has that Communist officers may move been proven all too iust by before then. Some 40,000 weapons subsequent events. Here she have already dis.appeared from assesses the revolutionary many arsenals. And Communists situation in Africa, and in the have infiltrated communications Mediterranean Sea, which (and) government agencies. unites Africa with Europe and Asia. Support of Sooth "Portuguese Communists have Africa and Rhodesia nUlY two things going strong for them. well be the key to the survival They emerged from Salazar's dic­ of Western Europe and the tatorship a united and tough party, United States. have .about half the army officer I n Angola, strategic Portuguese colony on the Atlantic southwest of Zaire (former corps leaning toward their views. Belgian Congo), Communist-backed "National Liberation Forces" train for commando raids on whites. 4 THE CITIZEN APRIL 1975 5 men like dedicated anti-Commun­ news to come out at this time. And Crisis after crisis developed, not ist political genius Giulio Andreot­ since the request had been made the least of which was the coup ti, unable to take over the in an unofficial sounding-out, ra­ in Portugal which, in one year, h::ts government. And in Greece, pro­ ther than by official note, it was turned that tiny country upside Communist politicians are waiting in order for Portugal's Foreign down and led it to quit the bloody. impatiently for an opportunity to Ministry to issue a denial. But this expensive fight to preserve its 400- gain power. did not fool anybody. Nobody be­ year-old possessions in Africa-An­ lieves that if Soviet Russia wants gola on the west, Portuguese The Mediterranean could well a "fishing" base for her nuclear Guinea-Bissau, smallest of the col­ become a Soviet lake, with perhaps subs in the Atlantic, near the onies, and Mozambique, on the only Spain remaining as an un­ NATO N.aval Command, near the east coast. easy enclave between Portugal and U.S. base in the Portuguese Azores Italy. A look at the map can pro­ These provinces are not like the Islands, and conveniently located colonies acquired in Africa by duce nervous tremors. For between close to the Strait of Gibraltar, she Italy and Greece comes Commu­ Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, won't get it. Her great and good and surrendered over the years nist Yugoslavia with Albania on friends, the young Marxist army Greece's north; and then, eastward, since the end of World War II officers, and all the other Portu­ when they were given indepen­ there is Turkey, once a stalwart guese victims of subversion or po­ pro-Western country. Now, how· dence and became states, some litical naivete, ambitious men who large, some minuscule, now all in ever, Turkey is out of the Nortlt want to be on the winning side, Atlantic Treaty Organization, the United Nations where their Smoke from Turkish air strike by rockets will five it to her. on Nicosia, Cyprus last August. thanks to our ineptness in the Cy­ Unfortunately, at this point, the prus mess involving both Greece Soviet Union seems to be holding and Turkey, with rival claims. talking about a showdown. The all the cards in the tricky game ousted former president, Gen. Spi­ And mark this: at the end of she's been playing since the West nola, still has a following. January, the Kremlin, in its first went soft and let its guard down. "But time is rapidly running out overt bid to take adv.antage of the Mr. Kissinger's detente may well for the non-Communist group. The leftward course of the Portuguese be a word beginning with the let­ possibility of a Communist take­ government, asked Portugal, still ter "d", all right, but what it may over gives Washington the fits. The in NATO, for the use of a small spell for the free world is defeat. Azores tracking sensor gear could fishing port, Figueira da Fez, at While we were preoccupied with fall into Soviet hands along with the mouth of the Mondego River, Watergate for two years, to the its key staging base for any future only about 150 miles north on the point of obsessive absurdity, the Middle East airlift ops. Atlantic seaboard from Lisbon, the Soviets were pushing their advan­ "Britain and France would be Portuguese capital and NATO's tages in every part of the world. highly alarmed at a threat there. Iberian Atlantic Naval Command. The Yom Kippur war in Israel in Spain has even made intervention Thc Premier, Brigadier Gen. Vasco 1973 proved that the Arabs had noises if the Communists move. dos Santos Goncalves, identified learned a lot since their earlier And a civil war in Portugal could with the radical wing of the armed defeat. The dependence of the in­ tear European democrats apart. If forces, was reported in favor of dustrialized world on oil has up­ the Communists succeed it could granting the Soviet request, but set the economic and political bal­ be the worst blow since W W Il." others in the government were ance, tilting it way over in favor And, further, Italy could slide urging caution. of the enormously rich and ruth­ into anarchy. It's been teetering less Sheiks whose daily income on the edge for yeats, with Com­ Predictably, the report was sub­ from the black gold in the other­ munists getting numerically strong­ sequently denied, since it appar­ wise sandy wastelands which they Turkish forces, established on Cyprus, er all the time but, thanks to a few pray in observance of the Moslem fast­ ently upset Soviet strategy for the rule is almost beyond counting. ing month of Ramadan last October.

6 THE CITIZEN APRIL 1975 7 principal function is trouble-mak­ route to India, on June 26, 1653. As an example of the change ing for the West. The Dutch, seeking religious and overtaking all of Africa, including The Portuguese provinces were personal freedom, poured into the the rich, prosperous, stable Repub­ not sources of great wealth for the country thereafter. The descend­ lic of South Africa, consider, first, home country, either, as, for in­ ants of these Dutch settlers, who that one-time British colony of stance, the Congo was for Belgium. called themselves "Afrikaners" be­ Kenya. Portugal for years has been a poor came mixed with the English Kenya plunged into a blood bath country but a proud once, and it colonists after the Cape was oc­ when J omo Kenyatta unleashed his was pride and a sense of respon­ cupied by Britain in 1795. More savage, oath-bound M.au Mau unit sibility to the Portuguese-speaking than a century separated the two of several tribes which killed Afri­ whites and blacks in her African settlements. But the fact that the cans and whites by the thousands possessions that led her to the "Settlement has existed for three in its eight-year rebellion against stubborn fight against the guer­ hundred years helps to make White Britain. rillas who sprang up overnight and South African attitudes much firm­ Then Kenya won independence formed little bands which fought er and more uncompromising than within the Commonwealth in 1963, Portugal, sickened the homeland those in Kenya or Rhodesia," An­ and Kenyatta, once imprisoned as when so much blood and treasure thony Sampson wrote in 1960 in a a Mau Mau leader, became the were being poured out to no pur­ small book titled, "Common Sense FRELIMO guerrilla unit sets up mortar country's first Prime Minister and, pose, apparently, since peace and for attack on whites in Mozambique, on About Africa." Sampson's book is in 1964, its first President when order disappeared with the arrival the Indian Ocean northeast of South concerned only with the Africa Africa and due east of Rhodesia. Kenya became a Republic. of the guerrillas. Worst of all, most south of the Sahara which ex­ active, best trained, most stubborn cludes the countries along the Today he's regarded as an in­ and indefatigable was the Soviet­ Arab sheikdoms, and the larger, northern Mediterranean shoreline. fluential statesman. His country is dominated FRELIMO guerrilla more Europeanized countries lying But change is the only constant a favorite destination of thousands outfit. along the top shelf, on the Medi­ fact in the world. of Americans and Europeans who terranean-Morocco, Algeria, Tu­ Now, since Portugal tried honest­ nisia, Libya, Egypt-from the ly and with good conscience to Strait of Gibraltar to the Red Sea move with what she undoubtedly and the Indian Ocean. believed was the order of the Below this is Africa south of times, FRELIMO is virtually in the Sahara desert, what is com­ charge in what was Portuguese monly called Black Africa, and Africa. The provisional government Arab Africa, which comprises -until independence in April-is Egypt and the Sheikdoms. dealing with South Africa in ten­ In this so-called "Black Africa" tative negotiations, for South Af­ lie the emerging countries, and the rica itself is acknowledging by its old colonies; and Rhodesia, South own cautious moves that its ways Africa and South West Africa man­ which have obtained so long may dated to South Africa and al~o dis­ have to be modified. South Africa puted territory. today is the only really stabilizing South Africa is an extraordinary force on the vast African continent phenomenon in any time, remark­ and, with independent Rhodesia, ably so in this, our time. It was may soon be all that stands be­ founded when an official of the tween the Western world and a Dutch East India Company, Jan Sovietized Africa, with its num­ Van Riebeck, established a revic­ erous independent black states, its Salisbury, Rhodesia is a beautiful city where peace and civilized life depend entirely on tualling base .at Cape Town on the white leadership and resistance to revolution.

8 THE CITIZEN APRIL 1975 9 lieve that southern Africa has come of political prinCiples. The sin­ to the crossroads. I think that cerity of these has been tested on southern Africa has to make a two occasions and in both instan­ choice. I think that that choice ces the two governments have lies between peace on the one hand stood by their given word. or an escalation of strife on the However, watchfulness is re­ other." quired, constant watchfulness, for Last fall, Mr. Vorster also be­ while South Africans are totally gan to act in unexpected coopera­ opposed to the terrorism which tion with President Kaunda, as well Frelimo practiced through the past as with other black African lead­ 10 years, as well as to the manner ers in an effort to persuade white in which Frelimo came to power, and black figures in Rhodesia to and the consequent denial of self­ end the long constitutional, politi­ determination to other groups of cal and racial impasse there. the population, South Africa under­ In January Mr. Vorster held a stands the over-riding need for eco­ series of meetings with leaders of nomic co-operation in the sub-con­ South Africa's black homelands, or tinent. South Africa respects Mo­ Ultra modern nuclear installation in South Africa symbolizes progress and power in tribal reserves, with leaders of the zambique's independence but Fre­ this unique African country. Asian community-mostly Indians limo will have to earn respect by -and with some leaders of the its conduct in the months and years go there on a new kind of safari. since Portugal's departure, Mozam­ colored community. ahead. They go not to kill wild animals-­ bique is a hostile one, under Fre­ South Africa and the Frelimo Too, as a South African expert elephants, lions, tigers, cheetahs­ limo. Presumably, Frelimo will try provisional government in Mozam­ told me, "South Africa knows that but to observe and photograph to get along without these port bique have both made statements ( Continued on Page 31) them in the great game park not outlets but it is more likely that far from Nairobi, the bustling capi­ blacks like Kenneth Kaunda, the tal. This tourism has brought great President of Zambia (formerly prosperity to Keny.a. Northern Rhodesia ), who is con­ And there is Rhodesia, whose sidered a reasonable man, will ex­ Prime Minister, Ian Smith, declar­ ercise his considerable influence 011 ed the country's independence the newest black revolutionaries on from Great Britain on November the Dark Continent, slowly, pain­ 11, 1965. And while Britain termed fully emerging into the light. the act illegal, Prime Minister Prime Minister Smith is also a rea­ Smith, with the country solidly be­ sonable man, and he is working hind him, ignored the order, and quietly with Kaunda to forestall the British- and United Nations­ the dangers implicit in the total imposed sanctions. The country is independence of the former Portu­ still solidly behind him and the guese African colonies this spring. nation's progress has not slackened As for South Africa, its formid­ noticeably. able strength and determination to Rhodesia has been exporting and proceed on its set course in its own importing lots of products through w.ay and its own time, is mixed Belem and Lourenco Marques, the now with a commendable prag­ Charles P. van Niekerk, information officer for the Republic of South Africa (center), two principal ports of Mozambique. matism. Prime Minister B. J. Vor­ shown here on a visit to the Citizens Councils of America headquarters in Jackson in Once a friendly country, now, the spring of 1974, with (left to right) Medford Evans, William J. Simmons, Robert ster has said publicly that "I be- B. Patterson, and George W. Shannon.

10 THE CITIZEN APRIL 1975 11 BOSTON BRA YES FEDERAL WRATH WITH FlGHTING IRISH PLUS FINE ITALIAN HAND

Black Crime Up in Boston; spread of black crime. National 'Vhite Resistance Spreads television crews moved into the Italian East Side to photograph BOSTON, Mass. - As defiance militant young whites who vowed of Federal Judge W. Arthur they would leave school rather Garrity's school-integration orders than submit to Garrity's decrees spread from predominantly Irish for massive school busing. Just as South Boston to predominantly it had labeled the defiant South Italian East Boston, white resi­ Siders as "working class" Irish­ dents from all parts of the city as if honest work were a stigma continued to cringe under the of some kind and only "working Anti-busing demonstrators evade hooves of horses and weapons of armed mounted police in Boston last December as force continues to be used to integrate Boston Schools.

class" citizens would oppose race­ by three black men, one of whom mixing-the national news media showed a handgun. quickly pinned the same tag on He also said they appeared to the East Siders, implying that their be in their 20s. They took his resistance to forced racial integra­ wallet with $27 and a $175 watch, tion was somehow attributable to he said, and ran toward Arlington to the fact that they are "working St. class Italians." Meanwhile, the Margaret Higgins of the Back Boston press, in a column entitled, Bay said her handbag was "Greater Boston Crime Roundup," snatched by two teenage blacks as published this account of a single she was walking through the Pub­ day's activities by Negro criminals: lic Garden. She said the bag con­ Three persons reported being tained $10 and personal papers. set upon and robbed in separate instances early last night by lurkers in the Boston Public Garden. Zena Brabazon, 24, of Dorchester Irving Sax of the Back Bay said reported that three teenage black three black men, all apparently in youths surrounded her on Colum­ their early 20s, took his wallet with bia Rd. at Glendale St. and one $50 and his gold watch and ran began beating her with an um­ off toward Arlington St. brella. Determined citizen of Boston keeps his cool while ' blocking path of "Boston Globe" truck at opening of school year last September. Resentment runs high against news­ John J. Cavanaugh, 50, of Chat­ Then, she said, they grabbed her papers which support forced busing by federal edict. ham told police that he was robbed handbag with $9 and papers and

12 THE CITIZEN APRIL 197~ 13 ran off down Columbia Rd. The Sunnyhurst Farms milk store at 1414 Commonwealth Ave., James Debbery, 67, of the South Brighton, was held up by a black End said he was knocked to the man and woman who made off ground and robbed of $10 by two with $70. black males about 30 years old. Manager George Hamilton told He said one of the three had a police the man appeared to be handgun. about 28 years of age and that the Debbery said the assault oc­ woman was about 5 feet 8 inches curred in an alley near Shawmut tall and wore a blue stocking hat. and Worcester Sts. in the South End. Taxi driver Joseph Bell, 27, of the Checker Cab Co., told police John Chepetsky, 20, of Mattapan he was robbed of $50 yesterday by In several issues of the Citizen, what I have to say will not be re­ said he was attacked by two tall, three black passengers, one of I have devoted this column to the garded as a valedictory ... I think black teenage males on Norfolk whom showed a handgun. Congress of the United States. it will be best if what I have to St., Mattapan, and robbed of his Bell said he picked up the three I have tried to show that the say today is interpreted as a con­ wallet containing $39. men at Shawmut Ave. and Lenox Constitution vests the real power fession. He said one of the two held a St. in the South End and was of the people in the Congress and "During the 34 years of my knife and that they roughed him robbed on Elm Hill Ave., Roxbury. not in the President or in the tenure as U.S. senator, I have com­ up before robbing him. courts. I have tried to stress the mitted many sins. Dianne Keaney, 36 of Jamaica fact that even though the Con­ "I have voted for measures which Mary O'Keefe of Roxbury re­ Plain told police a black youth gress has this power, our law­ I felt were wrong, comforting my­ ported that two tall black males grabbed her handbag containing makers are either unwilling or in­ self with the excuse that the House about 20 years old grabbed her $18 and papers at Green and capable of solving our problems. of Representatives, the conference handbag on 1481 Tremont St., Rox­ Washington Sts. in Jamaica Plain. Now, it may seem a mystery to committee or if necessary, the chief bury. She said the handbag con­ some people as to why the Con­ occupant of the White House tained $77 and that one of the two would make the proper correc­ robbers wore a large, white hat. gress does not rise to the occasion. In the May CITIZEN will It isn't any mystery to me, and I tions. appear a feature you will not hope to bring to the readers of the "At other times, I have voted for want to miss. It is a full re­ Citizen in future issues the reasons measures with which I did not port from the Boston front for this situation. agree for the purpose of preventing the approval of other measures by CCA Field Director To begin with, I want to quote Gordon Lee Baum and his from Senator George D. Aiken, a which I felt would be worse. "I have approved the expansion associate, Thomas Bugel, both Republican of the State of Ver­ of committee staffs when I knew of St. Louis, concerning their mont, who, at the age of 82, re­ that an increase was unnecessary recent expedition to inspect tired from the Senate in January and costly. at first hand the progress of after 34 years of service. the gallant struggle being In his farewell speech delivered "Congress has deteriorated in the waged daily in the shadow on the 11th day of December, 1974, minds of the American public. of Bunker Hill and other he said that his speech should be "It is in this (the legislative) landmarks of American in­ "interpreted as a confession." Here branch that the Constitution vests dependence by the citizens are some quotes from his remarks the real power of the people. of South Boston and other on that occasion: "Yet, it is this branch of govern­ parts of this great metropoli­ "Mr. President, although this is ment that 40 years ago started to Police remove injured woman, a youth tan area. probably the last time I will ad­ divest itself of its constitutional activities worker, from Hyde Park High School in Boston in mid-January 1975. dress the U.S. Senate, I trust that (Continued on Page .10)

14 THE CITIZEN APRIL 1975 15 New Yorlc, Louisiana Connecticut, Texas RANDOM GLANCES AT THE NEWS-

Forty-year-old postal worker Joe Louis Harris (right), shown here under arrest in Raleigh, N. C. last January, was charged with four counts of murder and kidnapping after four women were found shot to death. One had allegedly thrown lye in his face, two were her sisters, and the fourth was a postal supervisor who had been a character witness for the accused lye-thrower in a preliminary hearing. United Press International's story did not reveal the race of either Harris or the victims, but THE CITIZEN learned that Ha!ris is a Negro.

THE CITIZEN believes that, if crime is to be combatted effec­ tively, it is important for the public to know who is committing it. That is why, in our "Random Glances at the News," you wiU learn the racirl identities of criminals and their victims in all ClUJes where we find that this information has been camouflaged or withheld by the national news media. See the "Editorial Opinion" on Page 2 for comment on examples of the cover-up of Negro crime; see the Curtis D. Poindexter, arrested in the courtroom killing of Judge S. A. Cunningham, photos on these pages and stories in this department every month 66, at Louisa, Virginia, is shown here being taken from a police helicopter to a hospital. Presiding over a case, the judge was shot in the face with a shotgun from an open for highlights of a black record too vast to be reported in ,"U. door. The assailant then wounded the sheriff and fled, but was wounded in flight by a deputy sheriff, and soon apprehended in a wooded area. An Associated Press story identified him only as "a man," and "the suspect," giving his name, but not his race.

16 THE CITIZEN APRIL 1975 17 Rouge to speak at Southern Uni­ boxing ring with the name, "Ali." Legislature came after he had been versity. Stanley F. Kolniak, VFW "Technically, because of his so­ lionized as a guest of Governor post commander, and James H. called religion," said Kolniak, "he Edwards at a luncheon in the Ex­ Downs, commander of Shreveport's got off. But it's debatable that he ecutive Mansion. Lowe-McFarlane Post No. 14 of all of a sudden acquired this re­ the American Legion, said that ligion about the same time he was members of their organizations drafted." Kolniak said the VFW Abernathy Threatens consider Muhammad Ali a draft­ sent the letters to Edwards and Action in Mississippi evader. "We're disappointed in the Henry "to have our viewpoint Legislature," said Kolniak, who is known for the future. We've had JACKSON, Miss. - The Rev. one of Louisiana's most outspoken some good people to address the Ralph David Abernathy, Negro, citizens for patriotic causes, "that Legislature and there are still some who was described in the Congres­ during a special session, in which good people who haven't." Legion sional Record only a few years ago they (the legislators) had a lot to Commander Downs said, "I per­ as an "unpolished and disreputable accomplish, and which was costing sonally feel like they do. From clod" who had fled "panic stricken the taxpayers money, they would the information we've been able to and screaming" from his church of­ use the Legisbture as a forum for receive from the media we would fice in Montgomery, Ala., trying to someone like him." Kolniak ex­ have to consider him a draft elude "an irate hatchet-wielding plained that, by the term "like evader, even if he is not legally. husband who had accused him of him," he meant a draft-evader. When he's held up by our gov­ having a relationship with his "We're not singling him out," said ernment as someone to look up to, I wife," was in Jackson recently to Stanley F. Kolniak, Commander, J. can't go along with it." The Ne­ complain about Mississippi's state Milton Edwards Post No. 2238, Veterans Kolniak, "but it's a specific case of Foreign Wars, Shreveport. of a person not willing to serve gro boxer's appearance before the police officers. Under the heading, his country, but reaping all the VFW Blasts Louisiana benefits of it." In his appearance in the capitol the Negro boxer Legislature on Ali's Visit clowned with the governor and SHREVEPORT, La. - Louisia­ members of the Legislature, par­ na's Gov. Edwin Edwards and the ticularly the Negro lawmakers. He state's legislative House Leader E. boasted of his "greatness" and his H. (Bubba) Henry were criticized invincibility, all the while being severely by spokesmen of Shreve­ photographed in v.arious poses for port veter.ans' groups for allowing pictures to be published in Louis­ Negro heavyweight boxing cham­ iana newspapers. Cassius Clay was pion Cassius Clay, now known as charged with draft evasion after Muhammad Ali, to address a joint refusing to step forward when he session of the Legislature in Baton was called for induction into the Rouge Jan. 17. The J. Milton Ed­ Army in 1967. He claimed exemp­ wards post No. 2238 of the Vet­ tion on religious grounds, declar­ erans of Foreign Wars sent letters ing that he had become a "Black of protest to both Edwards and Henry after the Louisiana Legis­ Muslim" in 1964 .and taken the lature, meeting in special session name Muhammad Ali. He was con­ at taxpayers' expense, bowed to the victed in federal courts, but four whims of its Negro members and years later the Supreme Court In Kinshasa, Zaire (formerly Leopoldville, Belgian Congo), two American Negroes overturned the verdict and Cas­ fight for "world championship." Defending champion James Foreman stands watching extended the state's official hos­ as Cassius Clay, alias Muhammad Ali, aims a right which ended their title bout in pitality to Clay, who was in Baton sius was allowed to return to the the eighth round.

18 THE CITIZEN APRIL 1975 19 white, they are the sons of judges Woman Visitor Raped vance of Black History Week on or of prominent leaders." He said By Negro in Shreveport the Ruston campus, the Negro min­ he had heard charges of police ister declared, "Every week must brutality in the state and in Jack­ SHREVEPORT, La. - A 49- be Black History Week." Aber­ son that "the governor does not year-old white woman, sent here nathy asserted that blacks had know about," adding, "I've come from Indianapolis by a major man­ "built this nation from our sweat, to tell him we don't like it and we ufacturing concern to train em­ labor and tears." As in Jackson, he aren't going to take it." He sounded ployees on the assembly line of its issued "a clarion call to join us in a call for new demonstrations by local plant, was placed in intensive the streets of America to arouse Negroes, declaring, "There are care at a Shreveport hospital after the federal and state governments being beaten and raped by a Ne­ some black people who think we've to our needs." Louisiana Tech stu­ gro who broke into her room at a got it made. Some Nellies and Un­ dents 20 years of age or younger cle Toms think the movement does motel. The victim told officers she received cuts and bruises when she were only two or three years old not need to be in the streets any when, in 1958, Abernathy was in more. All you need to do is to was beaten up by the Negro after the news as having fled from his look at Mississippi to find other­ he had clasped his hand over her wise." The editorial which was re­ mouth. An inspection of the wo­ church office to escape the wrath man's room by police showed she printed in the CongreSSional Re­ of a hatchet-wielding husband who had tried to fight off her attacker. cord May 6, 1968, was from the had accused him of having sex re­ A lamp and table were shattered. Montgomery Advertiser of May 2, lations with his wife, a member of "Reverend" Ralph David Abernathy, in The hook on the night chain on the front of his "Southern Christian Leader­ 1968, and appeared under the Abernathy's congregation. A door also had been broken. Other ship Conference" in Atlanta. heading, "The Leader of the Great Shreveport Times news item about residents of the motel, awakened Crus.ade," referring to the now in­ by the woman's screams, alerted the Abernathy's appearance on the famous "Poor People's March on "Ralph Abernathy-Preacher or night clerk, who summoned police. campus of tax-supported Louisiana Pervert," the man who succeeded Washington." The Advertiser re­ Detectives John Brann and Joe Tech University did not reveal how Martin Luther King, Jr., as presi­ lated that the wife of the hatchet­ Snell and Sgt. Bill Burson reported the head of the Southern Christian dent of the financially ailing South­ wielder who chased Abernathy the woman was found outside the Leadership Conference had come from his office "told a Montgom­ ern Christian Leadership Confer­ room on the sidewalk. A suspect to be invited to speak at the school. ence (see January 1975 issue of ery Circuit Court Jury in Novem­ was arrested before daylight. THE CITIZEN) was described in ber 1958 that she had submitted an editorial reprinted in the Con­ to unnatural sex acts with the Rev­ Sonny Carson, CORE gressional Record as "an unprin­ erend before her marriage, begin­ Louisiana Tech Students cipled and unspeakable bum with­ ning at the age of 15, and that 'he Director, Sentenced Give Abernathy 'Ovation' out any redeeming qualities what­ never stopped chasing me' even MINEOLA, Long Island, N. Y.­ ever; .a demagogue worse than after her marriage to Edward Da­ RUSTON, La.-Fresh from his Robert (Sonny) Carson, the "civil Stokely Carmichael if only because vis. She had been a member of appearance in Jackson, Miss., rights" militant and former direc­ where he warned he would "be he's so stupid; a degenerate unfit Abernathy's church." Davis was tor of Brooklyn's Committee on to lead the smallest rural church, back to see what the mayor is acquitted of an assault charge. Racial Equality, was sentenced to much less to pose as the represen­ doing with the revenue sharing ~lississippians might be expected tative of America's unfortunate money and I want to see the up to seven years in prison after to agree with the Advertiser's con­ poor." In an address to Jackson's books," the Rev. Ralph David being convicted of second-degree clusion: "It is a preposterous but predominantly Negro Political Ac­ Abernathy received a standing kidnapping. Four co-defendants tion League, Abernathy declared, unfortunately true commentary on ovation from Louisiana Tech stu­ also were sentenced in Nassau "Blacks are the majority in jail, the recent history of the most pow­ dents when he was introduced as County Court here. All were ac­ not because whites commit less erful country on earth that it is a speaker in the Tech Student As­ cused of the kidnapping and at­ crime, but because police let them now receiving ultimatums from the sociation's Accent '75 Series. Speak­ tempted murder of Henry Manley go when they discover they are likes of Ralph D. Abernathy.'· ing as a participant in the obser- of Brooklyn May 22, 1973. They

20 THE CITIZEN APRIL 1975 21 were convicted last December. man or the principal figure who Wife of Negro Mayor as long as 10 years. The acquittal, Testimony was to the effect the wanted the slaying committed. Is Indicted, Acquitted according to The New York Times, kidnapping and attempted murder Identified in the four-count indict­ came "despite seemingly damaging RALEIGH, N. C. - Marguerite of Manley took place because he ment for conspiracy to commit prosecution testimony by the con­ allegedly participated in the theft M. Lightner, 51, the wife of Ra­ victed shoplifter .and two clandes­ murder, however, was Negro Po­ leigh's first Negro mayor, was ac­ of $5,300 and two African lamps lice Officer Walter Booker, 40, a tinely made tape recordings of con­ from the Helio Museum in the quitted by an all-white jury of a versations between the defendant 14-year veteran assigned to the Negro-owned Plaza North Hotel in charge she had conspired to re­ and the shoplifter." One of the Bronx. According to the indict­ Brooklyn. Carson testified he had ceive and dispose of a shoplifter's jurors reportedly told newsmen ordered his co-defendants to make ment, the principal figure ap­ stolen goods. The verdict climaxed that the panel had discounted the a "citizens' arrest" of Manley and proached the Negro officer and an ordeal to which Clarence M. credibility of Linda J ones, the Lightner-the first Negro ever Philip Williams, 34, who they said offered $5,000 for the murder of shoplifter, who testified she had elected mayor of a large, pre­ was involved in the theft, and Hunt. The intended victim had sold the mayor's wife expensive bring them to him. Williams was been indicted a year ago for illegal dominantly white Southern City­ was subjected after his wife was clothes and meats on a number shot to death the night that narcotics dealing and allegedly of occasions during a period of Manley was abducted and later indicted by a grand jury several became the target of the killing several years. Reporting upon the shot in the head and left for dead weeks earlier. If she had been con­ plan after implicating two other manner in which Raleigh came to in Roosevelt, L. I. Manley re­ victed, the mayor's wife could have drug dealers during the course of been sent to the penitentiary for have a Negro mayor, The New covered and was the key prosecu­ a federal trial. Booker tried at first tion witness. Carson was acquitted to kill Hunt himself, according to of a charge of attempted murder, the indictment, but when the in- but all five defendants are await­ ing trial in Brooklyn in the Wil­ I tended execution failed, he went liams murder case. shopping for a "hired gun." A fugi­ tive in a robbery case reportedly was hired as the killer. The grand jury received evidence that Booker Negro Policeman Held provided the hired killer with a In Murder-for-Hire Plot gun that had a silencer, then told NEW YORK, N. Y. - A Negro the gunman of Hunt's habits and policeman who, serving as a ordered the murderer to "waste "middleman," allegedly awarded a him good." Subsequently, Nadjari murder-for-hire contract to a pro­ said, the hired killer, in an effort fessional gunman for the killing of to gain leniency from authorities, a suspected narcotics trafficker, turned himself in to homicide was indicted by a special state Detective Al Morrow and event­ grand jury. Ferdinand (Frenchy) ually revealed details of the plot. Hunt, the intended victim, sur­ Booker was arrested at his home vived the plot, according to the and arraigned before Judge John New York Daily News, when the Murtagh, who ordered him held hired killer got "cold feet" and in $50,000 bail. The Negro, mean­ turned himself in to police for while, was suspended from duty questioning in another case. Spec­ as a policeman. Hunt, who had ial State Prosecutor Maurice Nad­ been vacationing in the \Vest In­ Marguerite Lightner, wife of Clarence Lightner, Mayor of Raleigh, N. C., was indicted jari, who announced the indict­ dies, was placed in protective cus­ for, and acquitted of, conspiracy to receive and dispose of stolen goods. She is shown in this November 1973 photo with her daughter. For news of Mayor Lightner and ment, did not name either the gun- tody. other black Southern mayors, see Page 24.

22 THE CITIZEN APRIL 1975 23 York Times described it this way: correct in their prediction that the "Once just another conservative military services will become pre­ Dixie town run by its Chamber of dominantly black. Commerce, Raleigh has become a growing city of political progressiv­ ism as thousands of educators, Negro Mayors Fear Talks scientists and government officials With. Arabs Will Rile Jews moved in to work in nearby uni­ PRITCHARD, Ala.-Pritchard's versities, research centers and state Negro Mayor Jay Cooper, presi­ .and federal offices. The city's pop­ dent of the Southern Conference ulation has almost doubled in a of Black Mayors, admitted that decade. Concerned about matters fear of arousing "concern in the such as race relations and con­ Jewish community" had caused trolled growth, Raleigh's black him to suppress news of the or­ community and the white new­ ganization's negotiations with rep­ comers have combined forces in at resentatives of oil-rich Arab na­ least three crucial instances re­ tions for a program of economic cently to elect candidates who investment and "cultural ex­ otherwise would have lost." change." The Negro mayors' or­ ganization, a group of 70 elected officials representing Southern Army Boosts Recruiting towns and cities, was revealed by The New York Times to have been Efforts Among Whites negotiating quietly for several Mayor Maynard Jackson (left) speaks with President Gerald Ford at the White House conference on domestic and economic affairs in Atlanta in February. Black is political. WASHINGTON, D. C. - With months with businessmen and of­ Negroes comprising 27 per cent of ficials from the Middle East na­ new enlistments in the nation's new tions. The negotiations were car­ Mayor Cooper said he was "rather and raise money for the trip. The "all volunteer" Army, although ried on without publicity until chagrined" that the news had six mayors who were expected to they account for only about 11 per Negro Mayor Eristus Sams of leaked out. Cooper admitted that make the trip are Maynard Jackson cent of the population, Army Sec­ Prairie View, Texas, let the cat a negotiator for the black mayors of depression-hit Atlanta; Clarence retary Howard H. Callaway an­ out of the bag in disclosures to had been talking with the am­ Lightner of Raleigh, N. c., whose nounced that the Army will con­ Texas newsmen. Several weeks bassador from Saudi Arabia to wife has just been acquitted of a centrate more on recruiting in white earlier, when The New York Times formulate plans for the trip and charge of disposing of a shoplifter's suburbs in the hope of achieving a made inquiries concerning a report begin arrangements for economic stolen goods; Earl Lucas of Mound more realistic proportion of blacks that six mayors from the group exchange. He said that money to Bayou, Miss.; Walter Washington and whites. The "all volunteer" would travel to the Middle East pay for the trip had not been of Washington, D. c., the nation's Army was instituted during the ad­ in March or April, Mayor Cooper raised, but that two New York capital, which is now approxi­ ministration of former President withheld information on the "foundations," which he did not mately 60 per cent black and which Richard M. Nixon. Only the Navy grounds that such a revelation identify, had indicated they might has a school enrollment more than has a realistic ratio of 11 per cent might upset American Jews and be interested in paying for it. Ini­ 97 per cent black; and Cooper enlistments by Negroes. The Ma­ that he was hoping to head off tial plans for the Negro-Arab "ex­ and Sams. The list was not final. rine Corps has an enlistment per­ their anxiety by meeting with change" began last fall when the The groups hopes to visit Kuwait, centage of 21 and the Air Force 16. Jewish leaders prior to announce­ black mayors hired T. M. Alexan­ Saudi Arabia and Iran which, al­ Unless the disproportionate num­ ment of the trip. Acknowledging der, a former official of the fed­ though oil-rich, is not an Arab ber of enlistments by Negroes is that the hoped-for meeting had eral Department of Housing and country. Cooper said the group curbed, critics of the "all volun­ not materialized at the time plans Urban Development, as a con­ hopes to attract Arab investments teer" armed forces will be proven for the project were revealed, sultant to meet with Arab leaders in Southern plants and farms.

24 THE CITIZEN APRIL 1975 25 , WHAT IS THE CITIZENS COUNCIL DOING?

His Friends and Customers Know Where He Stands Henry L. Yarbrough, owner and operator of the Yarbrough Road Oil Service of Pfafftown, N. c., is a businessman who believes in letting his customers, friends and neighbors know where he stands on the issues of States' Rights, Racial Integrity and Constitutional Government. Mr. Yar­ brough bought one of the attractive red-white-and-blue metal roanside signs containing the emblem of the Citizens Councils of America and erected it at the end of his driveway beside the paved North Carolina state road, Chickasha Drive, outside Pfafftown. Both Mr. and Mrs. Yar­ brough (pictured above, opposite page) take pride in explaining the signi­ ficance of the sign to friends and passersby who have ,admired it and inquired about it. So, too, do the six Yarbrough children, all of whom are enrolled in the private Edgewood Christian School, which, with more than 800 pupils in kindergarten classes through the twelfth grade, is the largest all-white educational institution in Forsyth County. The Yarbrough children (left to right in bottom photo, opposite page) are Leonard, 5, in kindergarten; Melissa, 10, fifth grade; Bill, 12, seventh grade; Jeanette, 14, eighth grade; Robert, 16, eleventh grade; and (not pictured) Martha, 17, twelfth grade. A limited number of Citizens Council roadside signs similar to that erected by Mr. Yarbrough are obtainable at ,a cost of only $15 each from national headquarters of the Citizens Councils, 254 East Griffith Street, Jackson, Miss., 39202. Posts for the signs are not included.

Mississippi Police Officers Defended Directors of the Rankin County (Miss.) Citizens Council have come to the defense of the Mississippi Highway Patrol, members of which were accused of "police brutality" by the National As­ sociation for the Advancement of Colored People and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The directors also adopted a resolution supporting the Chief of Police of the City of Pearl, who was attacked by the American Civil Liberties Union after he issued "shoot to kill" orders in cases where armed robbers were involved. Top photo: Mr. and Mrs. Henry L. Ya.brough, of Pfafftown, N. C., take their stand Boston Visited by Council Representatives for States Rights and Racial Integrity, beside the Citi%ens Council symbolic sign and their own business sign, which are on the same standard. Bottom photo: Also standing Field Director Gordon Lee Baum and Tom Bugel of the Metro-South by the ideals transmitted to them by their parents are the Yarbrough chilren, five of whom are shown here. From left to right they are Leonard, Melissa, Bill, Jeanette, and Citizens Council in St. Louis visited Boston, Mass., to make a com pre- Robert. The sixth child, Martha, is not shown.

26 THE CITIZEN APRIL 1975 27 hensive study of the integration crisis in that city and to gather material station WCPK, Chesapeake, Va. Mr. Campbell discus.ses activities of the for THE CITIZEN magazine and the CITIZENS INFORMER news­ Citizens Council on the local and national levels and other topics of local interest. The program has generated considerable interest in the Citizens paper, while developing communications with anti-busing forces. Baum and Bugel interviewed several Boston city councillors, visited the three Council in the Greater Norfolk, Va. , area. predominantly white high schools most involved in the current desegre­ gation ordeal, talked with headmasters of two of the schools and met with Evangelist Addresses Florida Council the leaders of local antibusing groups. During their week-long stay in Dr. William Ward Ayer of St. Petersburg, Fla., noted conser­ Boston, the Citizens Council representatives were aided by Boston City vative evangelist, broadcaster and author, spoke in Bradenton, Councillor Albert L. "Dapper" O'Neil, one of the city's leading political Fla., Saturday, Feb. 1, at a meeting sponsored by the Manatee figures. County Citizens Council. The title of his talk was, "The Biblical Meaning of the Middle East Muddle."

Citizen Editor Interviewed on Dallas Radio Calhoun Academy Holds Open House CITIZEN Editor George W. Shannon was interviewed for one Calhoun Academy in Calhoun City, Miss., conducted an Open House hour on the Noah Nelson Show on Radio Station WRR in Dallas, Saturday, March 15. The school has just added a new gymnasium and five Texas, Tuesday morning, Feb. 4. Shannon spoke by long-distance classrooms to its growing plant. The Calhoun County Citizens Council telephone directly to the Dallas station from his office in national sponsored a barbecue supper and a basketball game in connection with headquarters of the Citizens Councils of America in Jackson. The the Open House, donating all profits to the Academy. editor reminded his Dallas listeners that a "conspiracy of silence" involving the press, governmental officials, the clergy and civic, Grenada Council Plans Barbecue business and professional groups was invoked in their city when The Grenada County (Miss.) Citizens Council has planned a it was integrated without advance notice in 1961. As a result of Barbecue supper for April 19 at Grenada Lake Academy in Gore the interview, THE CITIZEN already has enrolled new subscribers Springs, Miss. All profits will benefit the Academy. in three Texas cities-Dallas, Savoy and Grapevine. Tangipahoa Council Being Reorganized Louisiana Councils for Preferential Primaries Reorganization of the Tangipahoa Citizens Council was begun at a meeting in Ponchatoula, La., Jan. 22. Tildon John Crowe, who has worked The Baton Rouge Citizens Council has urged the Louisiana Legisla­ with the Citizens Councils in Pearl River County, Miss., will serve as a ture to enact a Preferential Presidential Primary Law which would enable p~rt -tim e field secretary and contact prospective members for the Louisiana citizens to choose their delegates to national party conventions. Other organization. Mr. Crowe's telephone number is (504) 845-3513. Councils throughout the state have joined the Baton Rouge organization in its appeal. Membership Drive in Missouri Metro-South Citizens Council in St. Louis, Mo., is embarking Arkansas Representatives for Presidential Primary on a massive membership recruiting drive. Members will write letters to editors, buy ads in local newspapers, distribute flyers, visit The Association Citizens Councils of Arkansas, Inc., adopted of shopping areas with anti-busing petitions, offer prizes, and appear a resolution recently urging the Arkansas Legislature to establish on TV and radio, trying to recruit new members for their Council, a presidential primary in Arkansas. Two weeks later the Arkansas which is the second largest in the state of Missouri. House of Representatives voted 90 to 1 to establish the presidential primary. Job Assistance for Illinois Members The Central Illinois Citizens Council has started a project to assist Citizens Councils on Radio in Virginia members who are out of work because of the recession and help them find new jobs. All Councils in Missouri and Illinois are being asked to Joseph Campbell, executive secretary of the Tidewater Citizens Coun­ join in the effort. cil, conducts a lO-minute radio talk each Sunday at 1:05 P.M. on radio

APRIL 1975 29 28 THE CITIZEN STRICTLY PERSONAL: ROY V. HARRIS This fat friend weighed about him a poached egg, and he took 300 pounds, and no effort of his (Continued from Page 15) his knife and fork and cut it into was sufficient for him to lose as many tiny pieces as he could. prerogatives and which for the the judiciary, the Cabinet and the weight. So his doctor put him in Then he ate the tiny pieces one at past few years it has been trying members of Congress. This reduc­ the hospital and told him he could the time and stretched it out just to recover. tion should also apply to higher get off some' of that weight. as long as he could. "I believe Congress has indeed salaried retirees. When I saw him in the hospital, Now that reminds me of the way weakened its position as the Wash­ "If the President will do this he told me that all he had had was this bunch in Washington work. ington representative of 200 mil­ and the Congress will cooperate, one glass of unsweetened iced tea We will have more later trying lion people. What is the reason our nation will have taken a long every day for ten days. He said to tell you why the Congress is so for this deterioration? step toward averting a more seri­ that the day before they brought impotent. "First . . . the desire to recover ous situation." the authority which has been Now, the Senator emphasizes Negroes Frantic for Jobs $174 per week. Similar work pro­ handed over to the executive the fact that although Congress In Black-Ruled Atlanta grams were being established in a branch of government, but the un­ has the power, Congress has been number of other cities of the willingness to assume the respon­ ATLANT A, Ga. - Three thou­ unwilling to assume the responsi­ United States, including Shreve­ sibility that goes with that au­ sand unemployed men and women, bility that goes with that power. port, La., where-after obtaining thority. most of them young Negroes, broke jobs-30 to 40 per cent of the We have emphasized the fact "Next, and perhaps I should put plate glass windows as they vied hired Negroes were not showing that Congress refuses to exercise this first, the unholy expansion of for 225 newly created public up for work. In the rush for jobs its authority and responsibility. committees, subcommittees and service jobs in this predominantly here, at least three persons were The Senator calls attention to "the staff personnel which has mush­ black Georgia metropolis. Several cut by glass, one seriously enough unholy expansion of committees, roomed to .an unconscionable ex­ persons were bruised and cut as to require hospital treatment. subcommittees and staff personnel tent during the last decade. the crowd surged into the Atlanta Others were bruised. The Negro which has mushroomed to an un­ Civic Center. Among the appli­ "The Senate now has 144 sub­ mayor, trying to quiet the crowd, conscionable extent during the last committees. The House now has cants were many Negroes who had urged the job-seekers to write their decade." 133 subcommittees. JOint commit­ stood in a chill rain all night in congressmen and let them know tees have 17 subcommittees. The Senate committees are di­ the hopes of finding work in this that "Atlanta needs more jobs." vided into 144 subcommittees even black-ruled city caught in the full "The challenge which is on the squeeze of the recession. Negro minds of most of our people and, though there are only 100 senators. Mayor Maynard Jackson was sum­ CHANGING AFRICA indeed, the people of the world The House has 133. subcommit­ moned to the scene with extra today is the paradoxical picture of tees in addition to its regular com­ (Continued from Page 11) mittees. When the House or the policemen to help restore calm. inflation and depression walking Frelimo's success in its decade of Senate begins to deal with a prob­ Total unemployment in the At­ hand in hand. guerrilla warfare against Portugal lem and the various phases are lanta area had risen to 7.5 per cent, "The cost of operating our own was gained by adherence to a divided out amongst all of these but unemployment among Negroes, government today is far out of line who make up more than half the scenario written by a Kremlin ex­ with our ability to pay. subcommittees, confusion con­ founded results. downtown population, stood at 9.2 pert in running communist party "Many members of Congress per cent. Among Atlanta's Negro activities in free world countries. seem to think that the solution to They divide each question into teenagers, one of every four is Nevertheless, South Africa believes the problem lies in raising incomes little bitty particles and little bitty unemployed. The 225 jobs offered -and one hopes their belief will and salaries, especially their own. minds divide the particles ad in­ were created with the help of tax­ not be shattered-that Zambia's "If the President wants the pub­ finitum, and they roll them over p.ayers' money made available by Kaunda and Tanzania's Nyerere lic to listen and cooperate, he will and consider them and consider the federal Comprehensive Em­ will have advised Frelimo's Machel set an example by recommending them time and time again. ployment and Training Act. The that it is more profitable and less a reasonable reduction in his own The way the House and Senate work offered was mainly in con­ hazardous to trade with South salary and the salaries of other top committees operate reminds me of struction and general maintenance, Africans than with Communists. officials in government, including a fat friend of mine. with wages ranging from $114 to They know."

30 THE CITIZEN APRIL 1975 31 TE FLAGS

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