Globefish Research Programme. Volume 76
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GLOBEFISH RESEARCH PROGRAMME Fishery Industry in China Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fishery Industries Division Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy Tel.: +39 06 5705 4759 Fax: +39 06 5705 5188 www.globefish.org Volume 76 Fishery Industry in China by Fan Xubing and Yu Rui (September 2004) The GLOBEFISH Research Programme is an activity initiated by FAO's Fishery Industries Division, Rome, Italy and financed jointly by: - NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service), Washington, DC, USA - FROM, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, Madrid, Spain - Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Copenhagen, Denmark - European Commission, Directorate General for Fisheries, Brussels, EU - Norwegian Seafood Export Council, Tromsoe, Norway - OFIMER (Office National Interprofessionnel des Produits de la Mer et de l’Aquaculture), Paris, France - SHILAT, Iranian Fisheries, Iran - VASEP, Viet Nam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers, Viet Nam Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, GLOBEFISH, Fishery Industries Division Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy – Tel.: (39) 06570 56244/06570 54759 - E-mail: [email protected] – Fax: (39) 0657055188 – http//:www.globefish.org The designation employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Xubing, F. and Rui, Y. The Fishery Industry in China FAO/GLOBEFISH Research Programme, Vol.76 . Rome, FAO. 2004. p.75 The Summary This GLOBEFISH Research Programme covers the capture fisheries, the aquaculture sector, the seafood processing industry, seafood trade, bilateral, regional, and multilateral fishing agreements, trade agreements and barriers, foreign investment. It also lists all companies which are involved in seafood exports. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. © FAO 2004 ii SUMMARY The aim of this document is to give a full and comprehensive picture of the fishery sector in China. It provides information on government policies and other initiatives, followed by a description of the fishery industry in terms of capture fisheries, marine and inland aquaculture, processing, international trade (import & export), marketing, distribution and consumption. Finally it studies the impact of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its influence. Data collection has centred mainly upon the China National Annual Fishery Industry Statistics and some References. Acknowledgement The report was compiled by Mr Fan Xubing and Ms Yu Rui both from the Beijing Seabridge Marketing and Consulting Co., Ltd. Editing was done by Mr Richard Chamerlain. The layout and the addresses were improved by Ms Yvonne Davidsson and Adeleide Tesei of GLOBEFISH. Copyright of the addresses in Appendix 1 were obtained from Ms Frances Labiche of Sea-Ex.com. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OVERALL ECONOMIC SITUATION...........................................................................................................1 2. CHINA’S FISHERY INDUSTRY ....................................................................................................................2 2.1 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SECTOR...............................................................................................................2 2.2 NATIONAL PRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................4 2.3 THE FISHING FLEET AND ITS IMPACT..............................................................................................................5 2.4 FISHERY RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION POLICY .......................................................................................7 2.4.1 Marine Fishery Resources.....................................................................................................................7 2.4.2 Inland Water Fishery Resources ...........................................................................................................8 2.4.3 Conservation Policy ..............................................................................................................................9 2.5 AQUACULTURE ..............................................................................................................................................9 2.5.1 Inland aquaculture ..............................................................................................................................10 2.5.2 Marine Aquaculture.............................................................................................................................12 2.6 FISHERY ZONES...........................................................................................................................................13 2.6.1 Inland Fishery Zones...........................................................................................................................13 2.6.2 Shallow Sea and Shoal Aquaculture Zones .........................................................................................14 2.6.3 Marine Fishery Zones..........................................................................................................................14 2.7 CAPTURE FISHERIES .....................................................................................................................................15 2.7.1 Inland ..................................................................................................................................................15 2.7.2 Marine .................................................................................................................................................15 3. THE FISH PROCESSING SECTOR.............................................................................................................17 3.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................17 3.2 PROCESSING FACILITIES AND PROCESSORS..................................................................................................19 3.3 HACCP, FOOD SAFETY AND EXPORT CONSTRAINTS ...................................................................................20 4. INTERNATIONAL TRADE ..........................................................................................................................22 4.1 CHINA’S IMPORTS.........................................................................................................................................23 4.1.1 Main Products and Suppliers ..............................................................................................................23 4.1.2 Notes on Importation Procedures, Distribution and Sale ...................................................................25 4.1.3 Import Tariffs and Quarantine Inspection...........................................................................................25 4.2 EXPORTS FROM CHINA .................................................................................................................................26 4.2.1 Main Products .....................................................................................................................................27 4.3 TRADE PATTERN ..........................................................................................................................................29 4.4 THE DOMESTIC MARKET..............................................................................................................................29 4.4.1 Fish Consumption Trends....................................................................................................................30 4.4.2 Market Structure..................................................................................................................................31 4.4.3 How to do business in the Chinese Market..........................................................................................31 5. CHINA’S ACCESSION TO WTO AND ITS INFLUENCE........................................................................33 5.1 WTO SETTLEMENT FOR THE FISHERY INDUSTRY AND FISH IMPORT/EXPORT..............................................33 5.2 WTO INFLUENCE ON CHINA’S FISHERY INDUSTRY (FISHING AND AQUACULTURE) ....................................33 5.2.1 Positive impacts...................................................................................................................................33 5.2.2 Negative impacts .................................................................................................................................34 5.3 FUTURE STRATEGIES....................................................................................................................................34