HerbalGram 121 • Feb – Apr 2019

Tribute to Fredi Kronenberg • Black Cohosh Profile • Botanicals & Breast Cancer Treatment Aromatherapy & Labor Pain C I A Herbs for Menopause SPE L Tribute to Fredi Kronenberg for • Botanicals Women’s Health • Black Cohosh Profile & Breast • Botanicals Cancer Treatment • Aromatherapy & Labor Pain for • Herbs Menopause

The Journal of the American Botanical Council Number 121 Feb – Apr 2019 I S S U E Botanicals for Women’s Health

www.herbalgram.org

US/CAN $6.95 Simplicity – made of Get the benefits of herbs without extra ingredients or processing. Since 1979, we’ve made liquid herbal extracts simply, without any extra processing or ingredients. Usually, this takes just four steps, so they include only the ’s and the liquid used to extract them.

Ethically-sourced ingredients and a process you trust, this is how we create wellness #MadeOfPlants.

Find your herbs at herb-pharm.com

Ruby walks amid towering Mullein stalks during the harvest on our Certified Organic farms in southern Oregon.

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Mark Blumenthal Founder, Executive Director HerbalGram Editor-in-Chief dear reader Hannah Bauman This themed issue of HerbalGram explores “Botanicals in HerbalGram Associate Editor Women’s Health” and is dedicated to the memory of Fredi Toby Bernal Kronenberg, PhD. Fredi was a passionate researcher and advocate Head Gardener of botanical medicines and their applications in women’s health. Janie Carter She co-founded the Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Center for Membership Coordinator Complementary & Alternative Medicine at Columbia University, Caroline Caswell the first center for research and education in complementary and Education Assistant alternative medicine funded by the National Center for Comple- Gayle Engels mentary and Integrative Health. Among her numerous positions Special Projects Director and affiliations, Fredi served on the Board of Trustees of the American Botanical Council Stefan Gafner, PhD Simplicity for 18 years. Chief Science Officer We are deeply grateful to our good friends, colleagues, and longtime ABC Advisory Board Lori Glenn – HerbClip Managing Editor members Aviva Romm, MD, and Tieraona Low Dog, MD, who have volunteered their time as guest editors of this special issue. In addition to helping edit most of the articles in the Sahar Hanrahan issue, they have written a guest editorial in a question-and-answer format in which they Communications & Marketing Coordinator made of plants discuss their perspectives on the use of botanical medicines in women’s health and the overall state of herbs and phytomedicines in clinical medicine. Both Aviva and Tieraona have writ- Anna Jackson Get the benefits of herbs without extra ingredients Executive Assistant ten highly respected books on the subject of herbs in women’s health, and both have been or processing. Since 1979, we’ve made liquid herbal chosen to receive ABC’s newest award, the ABC Fredi Kronenberg Excellence in Research Matthew Magruder Art Director and Education in Botanicals for Women’s Health Award. extracts simply, without any extra processing or We also include a personal tribute to Fredi from two of her closest friends and colleagues, Denise Meikel Development Director ingredients. Usually, this takes just four steps, Adriane Fugh-Berman, MD, and Christine Wade, MPH. They share some stories of their relationships with Fredi and some insights into the depth of Fredi’s intellectual curiosity as Jenny Perez Education Coordinator so they include only the plant’s phytochemicals a scientist and researcher. We offer our deep gratitude to Lise Alschuler, ND, another valued member of the ABC Tamarind Reaves Administrative Assistant and the liquid used to extract them. Advisory Board, who has contributed an article on the role botanical medicines can play as HerbalGram Copy Editor adjunct therapies during and after breast cancer treatment. Lise is an expert on this subject; Perry Sauls she has a clinical practice that specializes in natural treatments in oncology and is a breast Customer Service Ethically-sourced ingredients and a process cancer survivor herself. Coordinator In this issue, we present memorial tributes to numerous friends and colleagues who have Tyler Smith you trust, this is how we create wellness contributed to the natural products community and industry in various significant ways: HerbalGram Managing Editor Barbara “BJ” Johnston, managing editor of HerbalGram for 17 years, from 1983 to 2000; Cecelia Thompson #MadeOfPlants. Brian Keating, the brilliant herb and quality tea expert; herb and ginseng pioneer Gary Finance Coordinator Raskin, with whom I often worked when we both started our fledgling herb distributing Margaret Wright businesses in the mid-1970s; Peter Semper, a visionary, dietary supplements industry pioneer, Accounting Coordinator and public relations and political strategist; and Professor Rudolf Hänsel, a leader in German Connor Yearsley Find your herbs at herb-pharm.com phytomedicinal education and author of several leading textbooks, some of which inspired HerbalGram Assistant Editor countless scientists, including our own chief science officer, Stefan Gafner, PhD. Each year, it seems that more and more of the people we memorialize in these pages have made major contributions not only to the scientific research and education community, health profes- sions, and herb industry in general, but also to ABC and HerbalGram. And, even though they have passed on, their contributions ensure that they remain important parts of our Ruby walks amid towering Mullein stalks community and our individual lives. during the harvest on our Certified And finally, in the errors and omissions department: In our last issue, we included an arti- Organic farms in southern Oregon. cle on herb and other natural products companies that have become B Corporations, a certi- fication that represents a company’s dedication to the public good, commitment to sustain- able practices, and much more. Although our article was intended to be comprehensive, but not necessarily exhaustive, we inadvertently overlooked Herbalist & Alchemist (H&A), an herbal tincture company founded by our good friend and longtime ABC Advisory Board member David Winston. H&A has been a B Corp since 2010. We genuinely lament the omission.

Mission: Provide education using science-based and traditional information to promote responsible use of —serving the public, researchers, educators, healthcare professionals, industry, www.herbalgram.org • 2019 • I SSUE 121 • 1 and media.

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ABCEach issue of HerbalGramAdvisory is peer reviewed Board by members of the ABC Advisory Board and other qualified experts before publication.

Donald I. Abrams, MD Chantal Bergeron, PhD Nadja B. Cech, PhD Paula M. Gardiner, MD, MPH Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of Manager, Disruptive Innovation & Product Patricia A. Sullivan Distinguished Professor of Assistant Professor, Dept. of Family Medicine California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA Development, Personal & Home Care Products, Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Boston University Medical School, Boston, MA Seventh Generation, Burlington, VT Greensboro, Greensboro, NC Hamid-Reza Adhami, PhD, PharmD Zoë Gardner, PhD Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pharmacognosy Lori L. Bestervelt, PhD Il-Moo Chang, PhD Consultant, Greenfield, MA Tehran University of Medical Sciences Executive VP and Chief Technical Officer Director, Korea-China Collaboration Center for Patricia L. Gerbarg, MD Tehran, Iran NSF International Traditional Oriental Medicine Research; Professor Assistant Clinical Professor in Psychiatry, New Ann Arbor, MI Emeritus, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Bharat (Bart) B. Aggarwal, PhD York Medical College; Co-Chair of the Caucus on Founding Director, Inflammation Research Joseph M. Betz, PhD Robert G. Chapman, PhD Complementary & Integrative Medicine of the Institute, San Diego, CA Acting Director, Office of Dietary Supplements Principal Research Officer, Aquatic & Crop Resource American Psychiatric Association, Kingston, NY US National Institutes of Health Development, National Research Council Canada Lise Alschuler, ND Gabriel I. Giancaspro, PhD Bethesda, MD Charlottetown, PEI, Canada Naturopathic Specialists, Chicago, IL; VP, Foods, Dietary Supplements and Herbal Professor of Chemistry, University of North John A. Beutler, PhD Chun-Tao Che, PhD Medicines, Pharmacopeia Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC Associate Scientist, Molecular Targets Lab National Norman R. Farnsworth Professor of Rockville, MD Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago Cindy K. Angerhofer, PhD Joe Graedon, MS College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL Executive Director of Botanical Research, Aveda Keith I. Block, MD Author, Syndicated Columnist, Radio Host Minneapolis, MN Medical and Scientific Director, Block Center for Bevin Clare, MS, RH, CNS Durham, NC Integrative Cancer Treatment, Skokie, IL Interim Program Director of the Masters of Science Giovanni Appendino, PhD Mindy Green, MS in Herbal Medicine Program Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jeffrey B. Blumberg, PhD, FASN, FACN, CNS-S Green Scentsations, LLC Maryland University of Integrative Health University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy Professor, Friedman School of Nutrition Science Boulder, CO Laurel, MD and Policy; Senior Scientist, Antioxidants Research Wendy L. Applequist, PhD Frank L. Greenway, MD Laboratory, Tufts University Ray Cooper, PhD Associate Curator, William L. Brown Center Medical Director and Professor Boston, MA The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO Pennington Biomedical Research Center of the PhytoScience, St Louis, MO Robert Alan Bonakdar, MD Louisiana State University System John Thor Arnason, PhD Director of Pain Management Jerry Cott, PhD Baton Rouge, LA Professor, Dept. of Biology, University of Ottawa Scripps Center for Integrative Medicine Senior Pharmacologist (retired) Ottawa, ON, Canada Joerg Gruenwald, PhD La Jolla, CA Fulton, MD, and Nicosia, Cyprus Founder and Chief Scientific Advisor Gary N. Asher, MD, MPH Kerry Bone Paul Alan Cox, PhD analyze & realize GmbH, Berlin, Germany Associate Professor of Family Medicine Director, Research and Development Executive Director, Institute for Ethnomedicine University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Mimi Guarneri, MD, FACC Integria Healthcare, Warwick, Australia Jackson, WY Founder & Director, Guarneri Integrative Health Valerie A. Assinewe, PhD Nancy L. Booth, PhD Lyle E. Craker, PhD La Jolla, CA NVision Insight Group, Inc. Bethesda, MD Professor, Medicinal Plant Program Ottawa, ON, Canada De-An Guo, PhD University of Massachusetts Deni Bown Professor, Shanghai Research Center for TCM Dennis V. C. Awang, PhD, FCIC Amherst, MA Author & Consultant; Modernization, Shanghai Institute of Materia MediPlant Natural Products Consulting Services Project Manager & Former Head, IITA Forest Amanda McQuade Crawford Medica, Shanghai, China Ottawa, ON, Canada Center, Ibadan, Nigeria Clinical Psychotherapist & Medical Herbalist Ameenah Firdaus Gurib-Fakim, PhD Joanne Barnes, PhD PhytoHumana (Integrative Health Practice) Thomas Brendler President of Mauritius; Director, Centre for Associate Professor in Herbal Medicines Ojai, CA Founder/CEO, PlantaPhile Phytotherapy & Research (CEPHYR) Ltd. School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland Collingswood, NJ Edward M. Croom, Jr., PhD Cyber City, Ebene, Mauritius Auckland, New Zealand Adjunct Associate Professor of Pharmacognosy Josef Brinckmann Bill J. Gurley, PhD Bruce Barrett, MD, PhD University of Mississippi Research Fellow, Medicinal Plants & Botanical Professor, College of Pharmacy, University of Associate Professor of Family Medicine Oxford, MS Supply Chain, Traditional Medicinals, Inc. Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical School Sebastopol, CA Muriel Cuendet, PhD Madison, WI Charlotte Gyllenhaal, PhD Associate Professor, School of Pharmaceutical Francis Brinker, ND Adjunct Assistant Professor of Pharmacognosy Marilyn Barrett, PhD Sciences, University of Geneva and the University Author College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Pharmacognosy Consulting Service of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland Tucson, AZ Chicago; Research Program Manager, Block Center Mill Valley, CA Alan M. Dattner, MD for Integrative Cancer Care, Skokie, IL Donald J. Brown, ND K. Hüsnü Can Başer, PhD Founder, HolisticDermatology.com Natural Product Research Consultants Pierre S. Haddad, PhD Professor of Pharmacognosy Manhattan and New Rochelle, NY Seattle, WA Professor of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University Wade Davis, PhD Université de Montréal Nicosia, Northern Cyprus Paula N. Brown, PhD BC Leadership Chair in Cultures & Ecosystems Montreal, Quebec, Canada Director of Applied Research in Biosciences British Rudolf Bauer, PhD at Risk, Professor of Anthropology, & Faculty Columbia Institute of Technology Mary Hardy, MD Department of Pharmacognosy Associate, Liu Institute for Global Issues University Burnaby, BC, Canada George Washington Master’s in Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Integrative Medicine; Wellness Works University of Graz, Austria Veronika Butterweck, PhD Steven Dentali, PhD Valley Village, CA Medical Director, Max Zeller Söhne AG Ezra Bejar, PhD Industry Consultant, Dentali Botanical Sciences Romanshorn, Switzerland James Harnly, PhD Computational Science Research Center Redondo Beach, CA Research Leader, Food Composition and Methods San Diego State University, San Diego, CA John H. Cardellina II, PhD Subhuti Dharmananda, PhD Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, Reeves Group Stacey J. Bell, DSc Director, Institute for US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD Virginia Beach, VA Nutritional Consultant Portland, OR Michael Heinrich, Dr. rer. nat. habil. Belmont, MA Thomas J.S. Carlson, MS, MD Hardy Eshbaugh, PhD Professor and Cluster Lead, Research Cluster Associate Adjunct Professor, Dept. of Integrative Bradley C. Bennett, PhD Professor Emeritus, Miami University Biodiversity & Medicines, UCL School of Pharmacy Biology; Director, Center for Health, Ecology, Professor of Biology, Florida International Oxford, OH London, UK Biodiversity, & Ethnobiology; Curator of University, Miami, FL Ethnobotany, University and Jepson Herbaria; Trish Flaster, MS Christopher Hobbs, PhD, LAc, AHG Alan Bensoussan, PhD University of California, Berkeley, CA Executive Director, Botanical Liaisons, LLC Research Scientist, Herbalist, Author Director, National Institute of Complementary Boulder, CO Davis, CA

Medicine, University of Western Sydney Sydney, Australia 2 • I SSUE 121 • 2019 • www.herbalgram.org 2 • I SSUE 121 • 2019 • www.herbalgram.org Freddie Ann Hoffman, MD Will C. McClatchey, PhD John Rashford, PhD Michael Tims, PhD CEO and Managing Member, HeteroGeneity, LLC Thousand Arbor Refuge Professor of Anthropology Academic Director of Herbal Programs Washington, DC Eugene, OR College of Charleston, Charleston, SC Maryland University of Integrative Health Laurel, MD David Hoffmann, BSc, FNIMH Joe-Ann McCoy, PhD John M. Riddle, PhD Medical Herbalist, Author, and Research Associate Plant Physiologist Alumni Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Alain Touwaide, PhD Traditional Medicinals, Sebastopol, CA Hendersonville, NC History, North Carolina State University Scientific Director, Institute for the Preservation of Raleigh, NC Medical Traditions, Washington, DC Tori Hudson, ND Dennis J. McKenna, PhD Clinical Professor, National University of Natural Assistant Professor, Center for Spirituality & Eloy Rodriguez, PhD Arthur O. Tucker, PhD Medicine, Portland, OR Healing, University of Minnesota James A. Perkins Endowed Professor, Research Professor Emeritus, Agriculture and Minneapolis, MN Research Scientist, Ethnobotanical Medicine and Natural Resources, Delaware State University Maurice M. Iwu, PhD Zoopharmacognosy, Cornell University Dover, DE President, Bioresources Development and John McPartland, DO Ithaca, NY Conservation Programme Private Practice Nancy Turner, PhD Wuse District, Abuja, Nigeria Vermont Alternative Medicine, Inc. Aviva Romm, MD Distinguished Professor and Ethnobotanist Middlebury, VT Boston, MA Environmental Studies Program Holly E. Johnson, PhD University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada Chief Science Officer, American Herbal Products Mark Messina, PhD, MS Robert Rountree, MD Association, Silver Spring, MD President, Nutrition Matters, Inc. Practitioner, Boulder Wellcare, Inc. Roy Upton Eau Claire, WI Boulder, CO; Chief Medical Officer, Thorne Executive Director Edward Kennelly, PhD Research, Inc., Summerville, SC American Herbal Pharmacopoeia Associate Professor and Chair, Dept. of Biological Marc S. Micozzi, MD, PhD Scotts Valley, CA Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New Private Practice in Forensic Medicine; Ethan B. Russo, MD York, Bronx, NY Policy Institute for Integrative Medicine Director of Research and Development, Alvaro Viljoen, PhD Bethesda, MD International Cannabis and National Research Chair in Phytomedicine Ikhlas Khan, PhD Institute (ICCI), Prague, Czech Republic Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Professor of Pharmacognosy, Director, Simon Y. Mills Tshwane University of Technology National Center for Natural Products Research Senior Teaching Fellow Jerome Sarris, PhD Pretoria, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK Professor of Integrative Mental Health Deputy Director, NICM Health Research Institute, John Weeks Steven King, PhD Daniel E. Moerman, PhD Western Sydney University Publisher-Editor, The Integrator Blog, Seattle, WA EVP, Sustainable Supply, Ethnobotanical Research, William E. Stirton Emeritus Professor of Westmead, NSW, Australia and IP, Jaguar Health, Inc. Anthropology, University of Michigan-Dearborn Andrew T. Weil, MD San Francisco, CA Dearborn, MI Ric Scalzo Author, Director of the Center for Founder & CEO, Gaia Herbs, Inc., Brevard, NC Integrative Medicine, and Associate Director of Uwe Koetter, PhD William Morris, PhD, DAOM, LAc the Division of Social Perspectives in Medicine, Principal and Founder, Dr. Koetter Consulting President Emeritus, AOMA Graduate School of Alexander G. Schauss, PhD, FACN, CFS College of Medicine, University of Arizona Services, Uttwil, Switzerland Integrative Medicine, Austin, TX Senior Research Director & CEO, Natural & Tucson, AZ Medicinal Products Research, AIBMR Life David Kroll, PhD Susan Murch, PhD Sciences, Seattle, WA; Bio5 Institute and College Elizabeth Williamson, PhD President, Calluna Communications LLC Associate Professor and Canada Research Chair in of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Professor of Pharmacy and Director of Pharmacy Raleigh, NC Natural Products Chemistry, University of British Practice, University of Reading, Reading, UK Columbia-Kelowna, Kelowna, BC, Canada Paul Schulick Thomas L. Kurt, MD, MPH Founder and Formulator, New Chapter, Inc. David Winston, RH (AHG) Adjunct Professor of Emergency Medicine James Neal-Kababick Brattleboro, VT Director, Herbal Therapeutics Research Library University of Southwestern Medical Center Founder and Director Herbalist & Alchemist, Inc., Washington, NJ Dallas, TX (Based in Aspen, CO) Flora Research Laboratories, LLC Navindra Seeram, PhD Grants Pass, OR Associate Professor of Pharmacognosy Hans Wohlmuth, PhD Danna J. Leaman, PhD University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy Head of Research & Development