Tucannon River Watershed Initial Assessment
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DRAFT INITIAL WATERSHED ASSESSMENT TUCANNON RIVER WATERSHED Part of Water Resources Inventory Area 35 Open file Report 95-04 Prepared by: John Covert, Jim Lyerla, and Mark Ader Washington Department of Ecology, Eastern Regional Office Water Resources Program N. 4601 Monroe Street, Suite 202 Spokane, Washington 99205-1295 and edited by: Montgomery Water Group, Inc. 620 Kirkland Way, Suite 202 Kirkland, Washington 98083-2517 Adolfson Associates, Inc. 5309 Shilshole Avenue NW Seattle, Washington 98107 Hong West & Associates, Inc. 19730 64th Avenue West Lynnwood, Washington 98036-0106 R2 Resource Consultants, Inc. 15250 NE 95th Redmond, Washington 98052 February 10, 1995 Table of Contents Tucannon River Watershed Assessment Initial Watershed Assessment Tucannon River Watershed ............................................................ 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 Watershed Description ................................................................................................................ 1 Area Description ..................................................................................................................... 1 Land Use ................................................................................................................................. 2 Climate and Precipitation Trends............................................................................................ 2 Hydrogeology.............................................................................................................................. 3 Hydrology................................................................................................................................ 3 Geology and Ground Water .................................................................................................... 3 Ground Water/Surface Water Interaction ............................................................................... 5 Ground Water Status ............................................................................................................... 6 Water Demand............................................................................................................................. 7 Water Use: Water Rights and Claims ..................................................................................... 7 Tucannon Watershed Water Rights..................................................................................... 7 Outstanding Water Right Applications ............................................................................... 8 Tucannon Watershed Claims .............................................................................................. 8 Water Rights and Claims Total ........................................................................................... 8 Recommended Flows .......................................................................................................... 9 Water Quality ........................................................................................................................ 10 Fisheries ................................................................................................................................ 10 Stream Flow .............................................................................................................................. 12 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 14 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 16 Tables Table 1: Miscellaneous streamflow measurements, Tucannon River............................................. 5 Table 2: State-Issued Ground/Surface Water Rights, Tucannon River Watershed ........................ 7 Table 3: Water Duties assigned to Water Claims on file with the state, Tucannon River Watershed.......................................................................................................................... 8 Table 4: Recommended Flow for Tucannon River......................................................................... 9 Table 5: Water Quality Parameters Exceeded in Tucannon River................................................ 10 Table 6: Comparison of “AFS” and “SASSI” Reports ................................................................. 11 Table 7: Mean monthly discharge values (cfs) for the Tucannon River near Starbuck from 1915 to 1990 (U.S.G.S. Station 13344500). ................................................................... 12 1995 Tucannon River Watershed i Table of Contents, continued Tucannon River Watershed Assessment Figures Figure 1: General Location Map Figure 2: Tucannon River Area Precipitation Figure 3: General Representation of the Hydrologic Cycle Figure 4: Tucannon Watershed Water Uses for Ground Water/Surface Water Rights Figure 5: Tucannon Watershed Rights and Mean Annual Flow Figure 6: Mean Annual Discharge, Tucannon River Gage – 13344500 Figure 7: Tucannon River Exceedance Curves and IFIM Flows Figure 8: 7-Day Low Flow vs. IFIM Flow, Tucannon River Gage – 13344500 Figure 9: Flows Below Recommended IFIM Flow, Tucannon River Gage – 13344500 Maps Map 1: Gaging Stations, Hi T Wells, Weather Stations: Tucannon River Watershed Map 2: Water Rights and Claims, Tucannon River Watershed Appendices Appendix A: Well Logs and Notes: Fish Hatchery Wells, Numbers 2 and 3 Department of Corrections Starbuck Well – 12N/38E-23 Department of Corrections Willow Creek Well – 11N/39E-16 Well drilled at 12N/38E-17 (Hickam Well Drilling) 1995 Tucannon River Watershed ii Initial Watershed Assessment Tucannon River Watershed Introduction This report is the product of an initiative by the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) to assess the availability of ground and surface water for each watershed within Washington State. This initiative is part of a larger overall effort to increase the efficiency of the water rights decision making process. The watershed assessment process will not only reduce the time needed to make decisions, but will also allow Ecology to make better informed decisions based on a more comprehensive understanding of each watershed. Ecology also believes these reports will be useful to local governments for planning purposes. Ecology’s Water Resources Program is charged with managing the state’s water resources to ensure the waters of the state are protected and used for the greatest benefit. When considering whether to grant a permit for water use, Ecology must first determine that the proposed water use passes four statutory tests (RCW 90.03.290): 1) that the use will be beneficial; 2) it will not be detrimental to the public interest; 3) that the water is physically available; and 4) that the use will not impair existing rights. The information for this report was obtained from published reports, geologic maps, Water Rights Information System and Claims Registries, personal communications, water well reports, historic flow measurements obtained from the U.S.G.S. gage near Starbuck (ID 13344500) and miscellaneous stream flow and temperature measurements collected by Ecology regional staff and the Washington Department of Fisheries (Fisheries). Two continuous-recording stream flow gages have been temporarily re-established on the Tucannon River by Ecology personnel. The first of these gages was initially installed by Fisheries at the Tucannon River Hatchery and was subsequently discontinued (ERO Miscellaneous Site ID # 00347). The second gage, established by Ecology, is located downstream at the site of the U.S.G.S. gage near Starbuck (ERO Miscellaneous Site ID # 00348). See Map 1 for locations. Watershed Description Area Description The Tucannon River watershed, located in southeastern Washington, encompasses approximately 502 square miles within Garfield and Columbia Counties (Figure 1). The Tucannon River headwaters begin at Oregon Butte in the Blue Mountains at an elevation of 6,387 feet above sea level (Fuller 1986). As the river flows through its 50-mile-long course, it descends 5,800 feet in elevation before joining the Snake River at River Mile (RM) 63, at an elevation of 500 feet above sea level (Kelley et al. 1982). The Tucannon River Watershed is part of Water Resource Inventory Area number 35. 1995 Tucannon River Watershed 1 Land Use The primary land uses within the Tucannon Watershed are agriculture, range, and recreation. The upper drainage area is located within the Umatilla National Forest. As it continues downstream, the Tucannon River flows through lands owned and managed by the Washington Department of Wildlife (W.T. Wooten Wildlife Recreation Area). The lower portions of the drainage are dominated by cultivated and grazed farmlands and private rangelands. The pool created by Lower Monumental Dam has resulted in the lower two miles of the Tucannon River becoming marshlands (Kelley et al. 1982). There are two perennial sub-watersheds that form tributaries to the Tucannon River, these are Cummings Creek and Pataha Creek. The Tucannon River is an adjusting and evolving stream. During the past several decades, it has undergone fundamental changes in the flow regime, bed conditions, water quality, and habitat values. Many of these changes are related to land uses in the watershed. Most of the changes in the Pataha channel seem to have