Hero Quest in Habikino
Roger Simpson University of East Anglia, UK
I had gone to Furu1chJ StaUon. Habik1no. in quest of a hero, the legendary Prince Yamato Takeru no Mikolo. FuruJchJ seemed a sensible place to look because il was mentioned in Nihon Shoki. an early seventh century history of J apan. Accord.Jng to U1i s celebrated account. U1 e hero had been buried where he died. on Ule pla.Jn of Nobo. bul he had then taken U1e s hape of a while bird and fl own off lo Kotobiki. AI U1ough another tomb was erected for it there. the white bird continued its westerly flight to Furuichi, in the present-day city of Habikino. whJch lies Southeast of modem Osaka. A third tomb was therefore made bul once aga.Jn Ule bird did not rema.Jn: it new up mto the heaven s and was thereafter lost to sighl. Furuichi may thus lay cla.Jm to be the earthly resting-place of the hero's spirit Mural by Yagi Atsushl. at rile Hablklno ll is no s urprise that a hero s hould be Municipal HCikucho Children's Hall buried in Hab1kino becau se a remarkable cluster of giant tombs lies allhe heart of the city. They come in many s hapes and sizes but the largest of the group had a keyhole format. is 425 metres long. and 330 wide a t the base. ThJckly wooded and s urrounded by moats. U1ey loom over nearby houses. like palatial green oases among the u1·ban s prawl. Though nolthe largest. the one that cast the greatest glamour for me was the Hakuchoryo Kofun in I The author is Muramolo Shigckazu. and enjoyed lhe they were much more obscene these AssisLanl Director hospilality of Mats unaga-san. whose days . more rehearsed and orten imitative of the Centrejor famiJy involvement with U1e festival has English Language ofl"V comedians. Besides the customa ry and British Studies stretched over six generations. So I was drums and flutes. I could hear a rappa, at the University of given an insider's view of Lhc the distinctive trumpet used at baseball East Anglia. prepara tions and lhe eventual procession games. The camera has become an Norwich. England. of one danjiri (lhe East one) to U1e indispensable component. and not only He iS the author q[ the Camelot Regalned: Shiratori Shrine for ceremony of among the onlookers: Easl posed for a U1e Arlhurian miyaire. group photograph before s ta rling out: Revival and One could certainly detect an aura of and. while wailing a t U1e shrine. one Tennyson 1800- heroic. if not martiaL exubera nce as the danjiri participant was video-recording 1849 ( 1990) and cumbrously laden daryiris were ha uled t he arriva l of other groups. many articles on alon~ to the persistent cry of ·fcoryase· All very enjoyable bul. savouring a Artlturian Werature. His main while U1 e cargo of yow1g men worked plate of noodles and a welcome beer at research interest is themselves into a stale of near-frenzy. t he small restaurant near lhe s lalion. the modern reuiual Some s hops had barricaded lheir fronts and t-enecting on I he absence or Yama to and at Lhc s treet corner s les t a danjiri s hould Tak eru rrom the day's proceedings. I reinlerpretali.on q{ run oul of con trol. and I was told thal on n olicecl a sleeping girl. aged about four. earlier legendary heroes. While at no accow1t would a dar)jiri be reversed a t U1e next table. Sun-ounded by other Mirrpa lwforJiue even if someone were lying underneaU1. members of U1 e Eas t group. s he too was months. he There was evident rivalry wi th U1e West wearing a happi coal depicling researched the group. whose danjiri made a provocative Yoshits unc·s defeat of Benkei. This sight changing f orltrnes incursion into East's territory. Heroic of a very young and female participant q{tlle Yama/o images were also in evidence; they were. reminded me of lhe only Yamato Takeru Takeru legend in JapcU1 . though. or historical nol 'legendary' image I had found in l-labikJno U1 al day. figures. The happi coals of North dep icted In a side street west of the s ta tion there lhe decisive balUe between lhe Tokugawa is U1 e newly built Municipal I lakucho and Toyotorrti clans: those of Temple Children's Hall. a place where youngsters s ported a picture of U1c loyal warrior can read and play alter school. On the Ku s unoki Masashige: while Easl's front of this building. Yagi Als u s hi has included an image [rom a carving on painted an attractive mural in bold U1eir daJ1jiri. the light between primary colours and vigorous cartoon Yoshitsune and Benkei on a Kyoto style. ll shows a young couple in Ancient bridge. J apanese dress. who ~eem to be watching Bul for me lo highlight young male a flytng while bird. The protagonists. I violence would be to paint a very was lold. are Yan1alo Tak.eru and his misleading picture. This was orderly female partner. Ototachibana. They modern Japan. The daqjiri stopped allhe appear here in a surprisingly new tramc lights and road sweepers context. Tradiliona l iconogt·aphy had continuously swept up the scattered shown Yamato Taket·u in lhree maiJl streamers and confetti. Nor was U1is roles: pitling his strength against solely a young man's rite of passage. l<>r powerful animals: adopting female women were among the haulers. and disgu ise to s lay a rebellious chieftain: or even occasionally rode lhe danjiris. What wielding his magic sword to repel a fire lit I saw was really a good-humoured, ris k by his enemies. Otolachibana. on the free. day out for lhe whole community. other hand, was invariably s hown in an And although lradilional fervour was very act of self-sacrifice: saving her much in evidence. I was continually companions by throwing herself into the aware of innovalions in the riles . The waves to appease the anger of the sea dales of the festival were. for example. god. But here there are no violent or arranged to fit the weekend. Young heads tragic overtones. Ins tead, U1e young hero 77w East group's danjlrl were often dyed a fashionable blonde or and his ch irpy girl friend gaze out in even a more delighted self-satisfaction. The images startling have acquired new associations. for purple or Habikino City Council has adopted the green. Many white bird from the heroic legend and lhe of U1 e brief llaniwa in Yayoi burials, and employed it kagura as a symbol of peaceful progress: and in - performances local eyes. Ototachibana has apparenUy (nfwaka) taken on a special significance as people that each Unk her name with that of lhe city's danjiri emblemalic tree: the citrus tachibana or presented Japanese orange. Like the matsuri. the 8 ' ' before the Yan1ato Tak.eru myth has become pacific. ~ shrine were. juvenile. unisex. I was lold, Besides a hero. I'd found a heroine - ~ ---- ~ untraditional: U1at day. June 1999 MINPAKU Anthropology Newsle tler No 8 3 Geographic Space and Social Space:. A Continuum Shanmugam Pillai Subbiah University of Madms. India Concept of space various eonflgura tions of geographic space The auU10r is For long. Geography remained a subject define or reflect s lruclure. and the s tudy Prof essor of of spatial s tructure brings greater Geography at the for cu riosity and voyages. and University of geographers were explorers and s urveyors. meaning to Geography and reveals U1e Madras. Chennai, Descriptive narratives. as S. W. Woolridge potenuals of Geography. The quantitative India. J-Je is also and W. Cordon East conclude. 11 were spa tial s tructure is not simple. but it is tile Director of the \vrilten wilh 'no vestige of a beginning and understandably complex and mu lti Centre for no prospects of an end'.21 ln U1 is open dimensional. Japanese Studies and Research aL field. geographers very often appear the same ambitious. and crazy too. If not crazy. Time and geographic space university. J-Je has wha t else they can be when Lhey fondly Geographic s pace may be seen \vilh strong research claim Ulat Geography is the maUler of all reference to lim e too. There is a defi nite in terests in socio sciences (or s tudies?) or when U1ey take meaning lo the combin ation of s pace and economic change. up any topic fo r inves tigation. This may time. Massimo Quaini pointedly describes land use d ynamics. not be entirely Uleir fau lt. lhe discipline lhe character of s pace as ·one beside oU1er and geographic 1 injormation itself has traditionally been vaguely and lime as one after oU1cr·.:' ln semi -arid systems. During defmed as the s tudy of human beings with regions like Tamil Nadu. Lndia. well his slay aL reference lo .Eart h. However by 1960s. irrigation and cas h cropping are wide Minpalcu (i\llay to than ks to the wide-spread introduction of spread in dry season and lan k irrigation November 1998). quanULaUve tools, there dawned a New and food-cropping are wide s pread in Lhe he w orked with (better. Modern?) Geography with more rainy season. Between 1960 and 1990. Prof Y: Sug imoto on the long-term scientific vigou r. abs traction and Uleory the declin e in water table was more in the project of building. Geography got a face-liJl and inland region than ln U1 e coastal plain in developing a geographers got fascina ted. Concepts of Tamil Nadu. Tim e is th us an imporlant cult ural database space have now become really th e focal element that gives more practica l meaning for South Indict. He point of Geography. and locations. to geographic space. Il is a measu rable also made w 1 dis tances and interaclions have become quanlily in nature and a quali talive initia l survey o_r urban w aste tile building blocks for theories in variable in a social perspective:ll Time and management in Geography. Geography. to U1c j ubilation of space are U1e main components for the Japan. fn the geographers . has been accepted as s patial historical dimensions of society. His toti cal future. he p lans to science. Locations are dis tributed on U1 e Geography. in Lhe Marxist context. refers conduct long-term earth s urface: distances between locations to a s tructural process involving space research in South Ind ia w ith detemline fo rces or friction and the and lime.5 1 With ils pa rameters of inlerval. J apanese scholar s. in teractions which demarcate space. a du ration and sequen ce. lime allows us to new abstract geographic s pace. Poinls. mal 5) Carlslein. growth centres from wesllo east in Lhe Bringmg social process and Geographic Tommy. Don GangeUc BeH of India. Geographers s pace together gives social relevance to Parkes and Nigcl skiU'ully described s patial configura tions . U1e subjecl of Geogra phy. and this has Thrift I. 978. Human AcliuiLy bul failed pitia bly in explaining processes. been emphasised s ince the development of and Time and most exhlbiled Lh eorelical Marxis t Geogra phy. Marxism , as ·a U1 eory Geography. incons istencies. too. The new s tudies were of his tory and an analysis of society', London: Edwa rd simply Geographic narrations \vith concentrates on the means of production Arnolcl. s lalis lical treatment. Thus. even with the and discusses the spatial conllguralion of quanULalive revolu tion and the invention development in U1e con text of social 6) Qualni. 81 Massimo 1982. and introduction of new concepts of s tructure and relalions. The Marxist space. Geography has yet to provide a approach revolutionised thinking 7) Ahmad. me thodology lhal achieves practical U'lroughout the social sciences, and Aijazuclclin 1997. s igniflcance and social recognilion . iL Js no provoked Geographers to U1ink more 'F'ifty Years of wonder that Massimo Quainl. to h1s meaningfully. Marxist Geogra phy was Geography in India alarm. found his students saying tha t forcefu lly developed in David Harvey's and Abroad' , The Geography is ·a parrot-like. chaolic stt1dy'. wrilings. and assumes a Unk between Ind ian 3 Geographical and leaving Geography en masse.' 'The social process a nd s patial form. Spalial J oumal72 (1). reason pul forwru·d very often for this fom1 and social process gel connected in pp.l- 10. present awful s itualion is . as Aljazuddin the historical extension of procluclion. Ahmad observed in 1997 in his Society is characterised by lnequalllies. 8) Soja. Eclwa rd W. Presidential Address lo i 9 U1 Congress of s trallfkations a nd classes. Capital 1989. PosLmodem Lhe National Associa tion of Geographers. accumulalions, class struggles. and social Geographies: The Reassert.ion of India. llial Geography is yet to be conflicts define social rela Uons that s hape Space in Crliical socia lised. and geogra phers are very often the spatial organisauon of production. The Social Theory. indifferen t to social issues such as distribution on s pace may be connected to London: Ve rso. poverty. socia l connicl. and lhe structural underpinnings of lhe unemploymenl.7l I le wants lo develop a society. and in a broader sense. il means 9) Gregory. Derek humanis t (or humanistic) Geogra phy. lt 1978. Ideology. U1at Hwnan Geography is viewed from the Science and means, as Marxist Geography has already pers pectives of class ru1alysis. Thus Derek Human Geography. proposed. Lhal Geographic space needs to Gregory observes Lhal ·spalial slruclure London: be tuned to social space. NexL. comes a can not be U1eorisecl \vilhout social Hutchin son. discussion about wbelher or not structure and \rice versa'Y1 Geogra phic space is a social product. There has arisen a conflict between Sociologists and Geographers on whether Social space it Is best Lo look a t social organisalion in If there is no human being, what is the s pace or spatial organisation in society or need for Geogra phic s pace? Only lhe whether e mphasis should be s trongly on presence of human beings brings meaning :society or s pace. Sociologis ts prefer to or sense to Geogra phic space. Huma n lhink in terms of social organisation in beings for various reasons live in groups. s pace and unders tandably Geographers. in social groups and nol as individuals or in lem1s or spatial organisation in society. in Isolation. As social obJects. they are There need nol be any connict and both raised in a cultural environment a re complementary lo each other. characterised by a sel of valu es. m ora ls. Geographic concepts of physical space. beliefs. tradJlions and goals ln herited from sociological concepts of social space and U1 eir predecessors a nd aroUJ1d which U1ey anthropological concepts of personal or organise their Uving and exchanges- and h uman space may vary in structur e but thus develops socia l space. Huma n lhey have bearil1g on each other. interactions Lake place within the family. nevertheless. Understanding the between families a nd between social ham1onies a nd conllicts among these groups. Social rela tions and processes s paces may be needed Lo purs ue and dellne social classes. a nd all these play a define Geographic s pace and vice versa. role in building Geographic space. which For instance. ln an urban selling. U1 e is U1Us important to both individual ru1d Geographic s pace of women's mobility society. Social processes defin e Lhe s pa tial may have lo be constructed in terms of behaviour of Individuals a nd groups and time. social controls. economic demands hence define Geogra phic space. As social and l:eclmological development. The processes a re nol or need not be ralional difference between men and women in lhe a U Lhe lime. Geographic space may average dis ta nce travelled in a day (daily sometimes develop from illogical rela lions mobility s pace) wiUlin a city occurs parUy and processes. thereby compoUl1ding the ibecause of U1e differences in the economic complexities of Geogra phic space. For s phe re of lhe city. in U1e social demands example. routes lo burial grounds In a and controls on men and women. anci in caste-ridden Hindu village in India may the perceptions of s pace by men and gel complicated iJ su ppressed women. A pertinent question arises in U1i s communities are not a llowed to use the conlexl: whether social s pace Is a cause mos t direct or s hortest routes which pass and Geogr a phic space is its e ffecl. Of through the main selllement. course one need not think in U1is way. as June 1999 MINPAKU Anthr opology Newsletter No 8 5 lhe functional relations hips are lrue bolh technology and society: and he fin a lly 10) Grah am. ways. ThJs situation recalls the proverbial visualises socio-technical relalions Stephen 1998. 'TI1C End of chicken and egg. In fact. seeking cause operating among multiple. heterogeneous Geography or the and effect may be a fuUie deterministic networks of information tcclmologics and ExpYosion' of approach. since lhe realilies and human aclors. Cyberspace is an Place?: componen t factors are dynamic in infraslruclure and society is using it for Conceptualising character. its spatial interactions. ll is becoming Space. Place a nd systems of systems: it uses human beings Infonn allon Technology·. Cyberspace for its continuous development and Progress in Human The world is currently wilnessing a sea improvement. and human beings use ll to Geography 22(2). change in exchanges due to economic reduce s palial liicUon s. Capital and pp. 165- 185. libcraJJsation . globalisation of marketing technology are involved in lhe whole and economic development. and lhe process. society responds lo lhis link. and communication revolulion . In lhJs so a political perspeclive develops. too. situation. Geographic and social spaces Publics wanllo use ti1e technology more mus t be considered wiih regard to freely but the investors of capil.:'lJ a lways cyberspace too. Cyberspace is lhe product exert property righ ts Lo safeguard Lheir of the combination of computer. digital business and indus trial interests. and communication technologies. lt is an Technology as such is scale neutral but electronic and digital s pace. The its accessibility is inlluenced by social interconneclions i.n lhJs space make ·u,e sLruclure and relaUons. and U1 e size and world into a global village·. In U1is context. dynamics of human selllemen ls. Rich and questions regarding Geographic s pace. poor. large and small. stale and dynamic. information technology. lime and society near and rar. and similar contrasts result become very linked. Rap idly growing Ln differenUal accessibility. adoption and information technology has been reducing development. Metropolitan urban centres lhe friction of distance. Localions are are now very well endowed wilh separa ted but computer cmm ections link communicalion infi·as Lruclure in contrast them instantaneous ly. Lhereby 'making lo smaller towns. This non-neutra li ty wilh lhe departures meaningless·. Stephan rcspecl lo communica tion may redefme Graham. when discussing tile linJ Recent Scientific Dating of Indian Trade Cloth: Plans for international research cooperation Robyn Maxwell Australian NationaL University I National Gallery of Australia. Canberra Over centuries. Indian texWes have been Some of these developed from domestic The author is Senior traded lo many parts of lhc world where forms popular in s pecinc regions of India, Lectt1rer In Arr HlsronJ at llw examples have survived as precious while oU1er types were fashioned Australian Nat.ional heirlooms in private Lreasuries. Today we specillcally for the needs and tastes or University a nd Senior usually associate ha ndmade lexUies from ex-port markets. For instance. ilie history Curator ofAsian Art at tile National South Asia \vilh folksy and often crudely of the Kashmir shawls. from a Mugha l Gallery of 1\w;cmliu. worked lie-dyed or mirror embroidered emperor's sash to U1e height of French Canberra. She is 1.he clothtng. and block-printed bed-covers. fashJon dunng the Napoleonic era . and author q{Tcxlllcs of yet for more U1an a millennium India was lhe subsequen t technical and design Soulhcasi Asia: Tradilton. Trade and prominent intemationally. as the changes in the production of cashmere Transfom1 aUon (OVP producer or diverse fabrics of outstanding wool textiles have been well-documented. 11 1990. reprinr.ed quality. In rccenl years. our knowledge of the 199<1). Cultures a l Crossroads: The range of Indian texliles known lo C.'-"tent of Lhe Indian textile lrade has been SouU1casL Asian have been ex-ported is s urpt;singly broad considerably deepened. Some of the Te.'l.-tlles li·om lhe a nd encompasses brocades. carpels. world's rarest Mughal carpets have been NGA Collecllon (Asia s uper-fme mus!Jn. tapestry-woven identified in J a pan among ilie hangings Society. New )'ark. 1992). and other shawls . multi-coloured Madras checks. used lo decorate U1 e spectacular Ooats in anicles on fndirut rutd and silk ika l and other lie-dyed fabrtcs. Kyoto's Gion festival.21 A previously Southeast Asian art. 6 MINPAKU AnU1ropology Newsleller No 8 June 1999 especially 1e xiile unknown fonn of l 6th-century silk the en01mous numbers a nd variety of lr is/ ory. Sire is la mpas texlile. long stored in the Indian texliles passing through Ma lacca cwTently writing a new lllstonJ of treasuries of monasteries in Tibet and and other Southeast Asian entrep6L Southeast Aslcm art NepaL has recenlly been investigated. AIU1ough recognJsing tha t European for tire: Thames & revealing a form of comple;x wea\ring merchants-es pecially the Dutc h a nd lludson World of Arl series. AI Minpaku slructure from U1e northern Indian region Englis h Eas llndia Companies site worked witlt of Ass 17tll cen tury. In 1995-6. however. new thread. weave. colour-dyes. size. motif. 5) Sec Ma.'l.·wcll. rt research began which furtl1er confirmed and design structure. Where necessary 1990. Textiles of the antiquity of Indian texlile trade. At the selections from U1ese two major Soccl l aeasr Asia: Tmclltion. Trade and t11e Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. Ru th public colleclions could be supplemen ted Trcu tsformalion. Bames organised carbon 14 analysis of by textiles from key public and private Me lbourne: OUP. samples from the museum's Newberry collections to create a coherent and collection of over I ,000 Indian cotton sufn cienlly broad range of samples. The 6) Sec Pfls Lcr. P. fragments from Egyptian a rchaeological aim of the project is to Unk rellab le 1938. l...es toiles in1primees de Poswr sites. Her findings set t11 e origins of some carbon 14 ela tes with thorough vis ua l et 1'1-llnclousran. te..xtiles lo as early as 1010 AD (plus or descriptions of Indian t extiles traded to Parls: Lcs Editions minUS 55 yearS). BI Of particular Indonesia . The resulting database will d'Arl cL d'lllstolrc. importance was t11e fact Ulal Lh e enable schola rs and curators use visible colleclion included a considerable properties to estimate \vith reasona ble 7} These fra~ments number or elaborately patterned cotton accuracy l11 e age of Indian trade textiles can be louncl In museums In I ne! la . pieces-in red. brown and blue dyes and in interna tional collections a nd an cestral Eu rope and the USA. decorated in block-printed resist and lreasUJies. wil11out the need for more Barncs. R. 1986. mordant techniques. a nd possibly resis t cosUy dating LcchnJqucs. Indian Block ·Printed and mordant painting. A second but relatc9 lie Id of research Cocron f'rczgmenrs in The similarities in the techniques and would extend the dating procedures to tile Kelsey Museum. rite Urr iuersity of designs of the Egyptian fragments to large encompass Indonesia n textiles. These tVIic/tigcut. Ann Arbor: Indian trade clolh found in Indonesia had have long been acknowledged as part of The Unlvers lly of long fa scina ted scholars . Five-meter the same treasuries and collections. but Michigan Press. lengths of old Indian chintz with tl1e have a lways attracted more recen t dating. lrwin. J. a nd M. llall fam ous h am sa goose roundel design Schola rs invariably date old Indonesian 1971. fn dicm Painted which figured so prominenlly on U1e Utle le.xules to the 19th century whereas U1 e and Printed Pabrics. Ahmcdabad: Calico page of Pfister's Les Loiles imprimees de India n trade counterparts are da ted 17th- Mttscum ofTe.xLIIes. Fostat et IHindoustan had been 18tll centuries. based on lh c knowledge Nabholz· l.'iiles traded to Museums would be important. However, Cologn e: Elhno l o~lca. Indonesia. The NME and tile NGA have links in design between tile Middle e>.1.enslve colleclions of Indian trade Eastern rragments and those chosen by textiles which would fom1 the basis for tile V & A Museum have led to a systematically selecting sets of textiles concentration on trade textiles produced related by physical properties such as in Gujarat in west India. Furll1er 8 M INPAKU Anthropology Newsletter No 8 June 1999 sampling should include items Tllis research is positioned at lrade texiJics. This will be a from oU1 er important lrade-clolh U1 e n e>.."Us between art history va luable contribution to arl producing regions along Lhe and ma terial science. a nd would his torical research , which was Coromandel Coast. While draw upon lhe anthropological. previously too dependent on previous lesls have concentrated e:ut historical and conservation iconographic comparisons with entirely on cotton textiles expertise of bolh museums. Our da ted Indian tex1.iles exporled lo decorated wilh mordant-painting expectation Is Lhat lhe research Europe in the 17Ul and 18th or printing. and ba tik. the will establis h early da les for m any centuries. New guidelines will be research proposed here would Indonesian textiles and for many provided fo r more accura te and ideally include clouble-il Impressions of CHAGS 8 Richard B. Lee Unirersity o.fToronto, Canada Four years in prepara llon. the \Vhile the hunting and papers worthy of mention. The Eighlh Conference on Hunting gathering way of me is hu manity's papers arranged themselves along and GaU1ering Societies (Cl lAGS) oldest. lhis year's Cl lAGS focused a continuum fro m classic themes unfolded at Minpaku . lhe National on U1e rich cliversity of -descriptions, mainly Museum of Ethnology. October contemporary cultures and Lh elr archaeological and historical. of 26- 30. J 998. The CHAGS series ongoing struggles as indigenous Lhe Internal dynamics of hunter has broughl together scholars peoples to preserve U1eir way of gatherers- to lhemes U1a t focused from all over the world to li fe and revitalize lheir identities. on fo ragers· complex interaclions chronicle lhe pas t. present. and In keeping wiU1 lhls lheme. the \vilh and adaptation lo outside future of lhe world's hunting and organizing commitlee. eo-chaired forces and institulions. There gathering peoples. Previous by Shuzo Koyama of U1 e National were sessions on indigenou s CHAGS were held in Paris (1978) . Museum of EUmology and J ir o education and schooling. self- and Quebec ( 1980). Munich (l 983). Tanaka of lhe Center for African other-images of hw1ter-gaLherers. London (1986). Darwin ( 1988). Area Studies. Kyoto University. eco-t.ourism. lan d use and Fairbanks (1990). and Moscow gave a prominent role to U1e Ainu demography, forager-fam1er (1993). Meeting for Lhe flrst lime and lhelr culture. The Nibutani relations . gender. mining, 11 shing, ln Asia. the Osaka Cl-fAGS 8 Dancers opened the conferen ce and rela llons to lhe s tale. aUractecl a n unprecedented 200 fo llowed by a keynote address by At times traditional and scholars drawn from no fewer Mr Shigeru Kayano. former contemporary concerns were lhan 23 countries. or particular member of the Diet and a leading combined in innovative ways . importance was U1e financial Ainu s pokesperson. Later a group Grele 1-lovelsruci-Broda (Brandeis support of Monbus ho and other of delegates lraveled to Hokkaido University) and Georgc Wenzcl sources which enabled a number to meet wiU1 Mr Kayano and vis it (McGil l University) along with of indigenous. Third World. and sites and museums. Nobuhlro Kishlgami (NME. Osaka) fom1er U.S.S.R. participants to The two oU1er keynote assembled a thought-provoking attend. Except for the opening speeches offered reflections session on The social economy of and closing sessions in which respectively. on 'Hunter-gaU1erer s haring·. a central Issue ln simultaneous translation was s tudies and the millennium: 1\ foragtng socieUes bul until now provided all lhe Cl lAGS sessions look forward (and back)' by poorly lhe01ized. The pan elis ts were conducted in Englis h. .Ri chard B. Lee of the Univers ity of documented the creative ways in In addition to lhe main session Toronto. eo-convenor of Lhe which foragers maintained a in Osaka. CHAGS 8 also Included ~ ri gin al 'Man the Hunter· s haring elhos in lhe face of a highly successful archaeological Conference in 1966. and 'Hunter tremendous pressure from the pre-conferencc al Aomori. October gatherers in First World nation surrounding cash economy and 2l- 24. which featured detailed slates: Bringing anU1ropology tls ethos of consumeris m and analysis of Japan's famous Jomon home'. by Nicolas Peterson of privatisation. Neolithk culture in a strongly Australian National University. a Another session wilh internal comparative conlexl. and an slTong ally of and frequent coherence was ·s ymbolic October 31 post-conference collaborator \vilh J apanese categories, 1itual practice and session al Hokkaido University. researchers. habitual thought' eo-chaired by hosted by lhe Hokkaiclo The body of Lh c conference Kazuyoshl Sugawara (Kyoto Ethnological Society, featuring itself. s pread oul over the next University) and Thomas Wicllok presenLaUons of some major three clays. offered s uch rich fare (University of Cologne. Germany). resu lts from the Osaka U1a t it would be impossible to The ten papers explored the conference. highlight aU the sessions and cosmologtes. worldviews. musics. J une 1999 MINPAKU Anthropology Newsletter No 8 9 dreams. and ceremonles of Bay. Brillsh Columbia. and Kado hunter-gatherer studies. Second foragers as Lhey s ought to Muir. from Lhe lnslltule for was lhe superb quality of the sixty malntain systems of cultural Aboriginal and Torres Straits Ja.pru1ese contrlbulions. While a meaning and knowledge under Is lander Studies in Canberra. strong cohort of senJor scholars rapidly changing conditions. Chaired by Professor Jiro remains acllve. one could not fail Papers on the poli tics of Tanaka of Kyo to Univers ity. Lhe to be Impressed by the strength of identity and representation drawn closing session featured junior and middle-ranked from several sessions formed thoughtful summations of Japanese scholars producing another coheren t 'clus ter' with a conference issues by Tanaka excellent work at s ites in Africa. plan for publication under the himself and by Hanrey Fell of lhe arcllc. south east Asia. in editorship of Sh uzo Koyama McMaster University. Can ada. Japan itself ru1d elsewhere. The (NME) and Alan Bamarcl Because Cl-lAGS malnlalns no presence of this diverse and gifted (Univers ity of Ecllnburgh). A fom1al secretarial between younger cohort added publication from the Aomori conferences Lhe question of when immeasurably to U1 e quality of session is also planned. These and where the next Cl-lAGS is to CHAGS and should be a source of and oU1er lopicaJ clus ters of be held is always duficull. A group great pride to the senior papers are being cons idered for of Scolland-basecl schola rs led by generation of Japanese hunter pu blication in the NME's well Tim lngold and AJan Bamard gatherer scholars. known series. Senri EL/mological alTered to host Cl-lAGS 9 in 2002. Studies. A possible volume of aided by J ames Woodbum and Editor's note: The keynote a nd African pa pers is being cons idered other English colleagues. and concluding speeches from the for publication in Kyoto their offer was gratefully accepted conference have been publis hed University's equa lly renowned by the delegates. The proceedings by Minpaku (see Publicalions al African Studies Monograph series. concluded wiU1 offers of U1anks to page 12). Other publication avenues are lhe J a panese organizers for a also being explored. most memorable meeting and a The author is Professor of The closing session returned to presentalion of gifts lo key Anthropology at Lhe Universlly q{ the firs t clay's themes. A panel of orgaruzers in the fom1 of prints by Toronto. Canada. He was born in Ainu scholars and activists native Canadian artists as well as 1937 and educated at 1he University of Cal({ornla, Berkeley (PhD. 1965). presented an informative and a card by the famous Haida artist Since the early 1960s. he has been often movin g account of the Alnu Bill Reicl. signed by many of U1e studying on !Kung ecology and peoples' efforts to revita lize U1eir delegates. sociaL organization. He is Cl founder language and culture and Two overall impressions struck oJ the lnlemational Coriference on preserve their heritage. In lhis this observer: first was the voulh Huniing and GCIII1ering Societies. His respect U1 ey were supported by and diversity of the participru1ts. works include Ma n the I lunler (ed .. 1968). The !Kung San ( 1979). The indigenous scholars from abroad F"o r many younger scholru·s this Dobe !Kung (1984). The Cambridge present at Cl-lAGS. such as Gloria was their fi rst Cl lAGS ru1cl the Encyclopedia of Hunlers and Cranmer Webster from the quality of lheir work a nd lheir GaU1erers (ed.. 1999). and numerous U'Misla Cultural Cemer. Aler t energy bodes well fo r Lh e future of articles on /.he !Kung. came under colonial rule by the Brown himself. mos llv in the late Exhibition West after U1e 18th century. 19th century. were also displayed Independence movements became wiU1 lhe collaboration of the Cultural Her itage of the South effective in lhe colonies in the Australian Museum in Sydney. Pacific: The George Brown 1960s. As modernisation proceeds where original glass plates are in the region. traditional cultures s tored. Collection have been rapidly changing or disappearing. In th.ls historical Sh uzo Ishimori Special Exhibition context.. the George Brown Nalional Museum of Ethnology Collection is widely regru·ded as George Brown Collection ell tl1e SpeciaL The Rev. Ceorge Brown ( 1835- very important cu ltural herilage Exl tibUion Hall 1917). a British missionary. for U1 e SouU1 collected many ethnological Pacific. objects while working in U1e South Our exhibition Pacific islands from the 1860s to was held from 1 1 early in the 20th century. The March lo 3 1 May George Brown Collection (about 1999 at the Special 3.000 artefacts) was transfe1-red to Exhibition Hall. lhe United Kingdom after Brown 's About 2.000 death a nd UJlli l recenlly was artefacts from lhe owned by a museum attached to collection were lhc University of Newcastle. The displayed on cigh ly university offered the collection for movable racks sale in 1985 with the condition normally used for lhat it remains undivided. non-public storage. Human setllement of lhe South About forty PaciOc Is lands began U1 ousands of photogra phs U1al years ago. Most Pacific is lands were taken by 10 MINPAKU AnU"!ropology Newsletter No 8 June 1999 Tanigu chi Obituary lnlem a lional Symposium . In memoria m U rbanus 'ReUlinking Indon esian Tongli Rituals'. I personally appreciated greaUy 19 Augu~ l 1946-18 January 1999 Tonglrs academic talents after first Urbanus Tongll was bom on lhe meeting him at the l9Lh of August 1946 In Langda. Ecole des Hautes near Ma kalc. the capital of the Etudes en Sciences admlnislraUvc regency Sociales in May 1993. (lwbupatenJ of Tan a To raja in This appreciation was Sulawesl. Indonesia. After s hared by Yoshida. receiving elementary and who tried to invite secondary educallon in Tana Tongli to U1e museu m Farewell party Cl! Ure 21st Tcmlguclri Toraja and Ujun~ Pamlang. he s hortly after meeling him In Paris /utc:nrotlona.l Symposium. 7th October enrolled a t Sanala Dharma in the mid- 1980s, without 1997 University in Yogyakarla. where success. he was awarded Lh c dc~rce of At Minpaku. Tongll was plru1s for an array of research Sarjana Penuh In philosophy and preparing the rough draft of a projects. lhe fmancial basis of Lhe U1eology. in 1975. The following historical eUmography of the 1J1slllute was too weak and year he began working as a Toraja. In this he planned to uns table for a large research leacher at llasanuddin University Ln corpora te a large body ofToraja team. Inevitably. Tongli could do in Ujung Pandang. In 1980. he oral history Lhat he had collected. no more than concentrate on went to Gem1any ln order lo In addition . he tried to acquire Ocldwork in Tana Toraja. This did continue h is s tudies. During his much informalion related to not disappoinl hjm as he was s tay there he became deeply religious policies and mission ary fascinated with his work. and interes ted In an thropology and work in Sulawesl during U1c truly enjoyed il. He probably finished his Gnmdstudium in period or Japanese occupalion . found a deep pleasure and Ethnologic at Mainz Univers ity in On lhe 14th of January 1999. s piritual peace in accomplishing a 1985. however. he began to s uffer reunion wi lh what he had left Tongli Lhen moved to Paris to intermittent breathing difl1cullics. behind. In childhood. to pursue pursue. his study of anthropology He received some medical higher education. I pray U1at his a t the Ecole des llau tcs Eludes en treatment on the 14th and 15th. soul may forever rest in such Sciences Sociales. In 1987 he bu[ Lhe doctors cons ulted could pleasure and peace. received a Dipl6me ci'Etucles not discover the cause of his Approfondles from that school dis tress. a nd began doctoral research in At around 8:00 p.m. on the Tal very scaltcrcd. Archaeology and exhibitions i.n J apan. During the volume of lhc Senri Ethnological anlluopology directories Edo Period especially. m any Studies. based In olher countries h ave exllibillons for temple treasures only weak coverage for Japan. A (Degaichou) and major products Kcnji Yoshida Japanese directory that m ay be (Bussan-e) were held in Edo. Convenor useful is U1 e Japan Directory Osaka and Nagoya. ll does seem NaLional Museum q{ Ethnology (h ttp:/ /www.jinjapan.org/jd/). U1a 1 collec lion and cxhlb iUon Listed here are academic have nol b een closely integra ted .Japan Anthropology soclelles and resear ch will1 each other in Japan. This Workshop (J AWS) organ is a lions U1roughou t may be a reason why the Japan. in a wide range or 11clds. museum. which is a device ror 12Lh Mcctine and also m any sources of coli eel ion and exhibilion. has not /0- /..f lv/arch ! 999 yet becom e a ·public' lnslilu Uon research funding (mainly The 12th Meeling of U1e J apan priva te rounda tions). AlUlOUgh ln Lhc truest sense of th e word. ln Anthropology Workshop (JAWS). U1e dlrectory is Intended to be Japan. Umesao's prescntalion 'New Direclions In U1 c comprehensive. anthropology is s timulaled participants Lo discuss Anthropology or J apan· was held poorly represented. various issu es con cen1Jng at the National Museum or To conclude. there is a need colleclion. reprcscn la lion. Elhnolog,y ( l0-14 March 1999). and opportunity lo create the museums and expositions. This was tbe first meeting of JAWS 11rst comprehensive lnlcrncl The n ext eight presentations in Japan and brougl:li togelber guide to anthropological were titled as follows: 'From non-Japancsc and J apanese research ln Japan. "collection royale" to "collection anthropologists of Japan to publlque": The F'ormalion of lhc discuss currenl and future Louvre· !Yoshiaki Nis h lno): 'Tea research In Lhclr neld. The and Collccun g: The Prehistory of meeling included seven separate Pr ivate Art Museums' (isao panels wilh a total or 61 pap er Conferences Kumalwra): The Composition or givers and discussants. A furilier U1e Siebold Colleclion in the 80 Individuals attended m aking National Museum of Ethnology In this almost certainly U1c Largest Japanese Civilization in the Leidcn · (Ken Vos): 'Plant Modern World: Comparative ever m eeting on the anthropology Collccling and the History of of Japan. Studies of Collection and Japan in Eightecnl11-Century Participants Included almost Representation London' (Timon Screech): 'Plan L equal number s or J apan ese and Hunters and Japan : Plants. non -Japm1ese. and li1e rnecllng 17th I nternalional Symposium. Colleclion . Display· (Yozaburo was bilingual (Japanese and Division of Civilization Studies. Shiral1ataJ: 'Arms CollecLlng in English) lo allow people to cxrprcss The Taniguchi Foundation Modern J apan-as Lhe Product of U1cmselvcs as comfortably as 7-14 December 1998 Two "Sword Hunts"' (Naoyuki possible. The meeting was Klnoshila) : 'Japan at Lhe particularly wcU-allcnded by Ac ts of collecllon. U1a t is, U1e exhibiUon. 1867- 1877: From graduate and post-doctoral rellows collection of natural and artificial Representalion to Praclice· based in Japan. m any of whom products. have played an (Angu s Lockyer): 'The Tokyo bad not previously been able to impor lanl role ln U1e formalion N a tional MuseLU11 and the attend such an international and d evelopment of civtlizalions. National Museum or Ellinology: gather-ing. This symposlLun focused on Museu~m Collections in Modern The seven pan els were as European and J apanese Japan· (Kenjl Yoshlda): 'The follows: collections. The simUarllles and Represenlalion of Disaster. U1c 1. The AnUJropology of Japanese djssimilarilies among collections Display of Laughter: Lhe Organisauons were examined rr om historical Poslmodern In lhe Hiroshima a . Genclai Nihon no Shaen Bunka points of view. Acls of colleclion Peace Memorial Museum and U1e (Compan y Culture in are generally followed by Museum or Kamlgata Performing Contemporary Japan) exhibitions of the collected Arts· (Lisa Yoneyama). b. lnrormal Acllvily In (Formal) objects. so U11s symposium also Ln the course or U1 ese Japanese Organisallons covered issues o f exhiblllon and sessions. dLrferenccs between 2. J apanese Disciplinary representalion. European and J apanese Perspeclives and International The symposium opened wltb a collections became clear. but it D iscourses keynote presentalion by Tadao was also found U1al colleclion s 3. Mono lmra MHa Nihon Bunka Umesao. Comparlng Japanese have been functioning not only as (Japanese Culture Seen in collections wi.U1 U10se in Europe. mnemonic systems but also as a Material Objects) he pointed oul U1at In Japan m eans of con struc ting power, 4. The Anlluopology or Social objects have been collected cilizenship and nationality in Policy ln Japan mainly for the purpose of uslng Europe and in Japan. 5. Perceplion Representa lion of lliem. As a result. he argued. the The symposium rounded off U1 e Body in J apanese Cultme types of collected objects are and concluded a sLxteen-year 6 . This Sporting Life: Sport. raU1er limited, Uke Noh masks series of lnlemallonal symposia Society and Stale In Modem and costumes. hanging scrolls. on Japanese Civilization in lhe Japru1 and tea bowls. It is true U1ere Modern World. Papers from U1ts 7. Popular Culture in Modern have been few all-embracing last symposium are lo be Japan: Conlinuilies and artefact collecUons and published in English as one Change 12 MINPAKU Anthropology Newsletter No 8 June 1999 While it has been decided to Anthropological Theory. in Inner 0 Millones. L .. H. Tomoeda and T. leave fmal publication decision up Mongolia. China. His first Fujii (eds). Historia. religion y to the individual panel monograph on ritual in his home ritual de Los pueblos ayacuchanos. coordinators. it is expected U1at village has made hlm well-known Senri EUmological Reports. no.9. the meeUng wil1 result in up to as an anthropologist. He 188 pp .. December 1998. seven different publications ln completed Ius PhD In Contributors: R. C. Carrasco. T. Japanese and English. anthropology at TI.ibingen Fujii, J. Gamarra C .. L. 1-!uertas, University. Germany, in April L. Millones. J. J. G. Mlranda, H. Hirochika Nakamaki 1999. His main research interests Tomoeda and J . C. Vilcapoma. Convenor are the rela tionships between National Museum of Ethnology rituals for ancestors and the 0 ls himori. S. and I. Hayashi (eels). worshlp of Chlngiskhan. He is a Studies on the George Brown Visiting Associate Professor at Collection. Senri Ethnological New Staff Minpaku [rom 28 April lo 28 July Reports, no. I 0. 363 pp .. March 1999. 1999. Contributors: K. I. Seki, Mr Yuji HashJmoto. Hayashi, S. received hls MA in cultural ls hlmori, S. KobayashJ, P. anthropology fTOm the University Publications MatU1ews. A. Nobayashl. H . ofTokyo in 1983. He has carried Seklne. C. Shirakawa and M. out many archaeological The following were published by Ujitani. excavations to investigate lhe U1e Museum during U1e period formation of ancient civilisation in December 1998 to June 1999: the Peruvian Andes. He is also 0 Bulletin of the National Museum The MINPAKU Anthropology interested in relationships Newsletter Is publlshed semi-annually. between cultural policies and of Ethnology. vo1.23. no.3. March ln June and December. 'Minpaku' Is a nationalism in Latin America. 1999. Contents: A. Shlmlzu. Japanese abbreviation for the National particuJarly with regard to the 'Malinowskl Ris ing oul of Museum of Ethnology. The Newsletter protection and presentation of Oblivion: The Culture-Contact promotes a conUnutng exchange of archaeological and historical Studies of the 1930s': S. Information with 'Mlnpaku fellows' Nakagawa. The Endenese Bifocal who have been attached to the heritages. Museum as vlsii:IQg scholars from Lenses': and Y. Nlshl. 'Old overseas. The Newsletter also proVides Burmese: Toward U1e History of a forum for communJcatlon with a Visiting Scholars Burmese·. wider academic and anthropological audience. The following visitors have been 0 BuLletin of the National Museum of Ethnology. vol.23, no.4. March MINPAKU Anthropology Newsletter Js sponsored by the Japanese accesstble through our bomepage at: Ministry of Education. Science. 1999. Contents: M. TaclUkawa, http://www.mlnpaku.aa .jp/eng/ Sports and Culture (Monbusho): 'Materials for Iconographic lndex.htm Studies of Newar Dharn1adhatu Kim, Mr Shi-d eog Mandalas': P. J. Matlhews. J. General Eclltor: NaomJclU lshlge was born in Andong. Korea and Tanaka. and S. Koyama, The Eclltor: Shlgeharu Tanabe studied folklore at the Graduate Eighth International Conference Eclltorial Panel: Isao Hayashl. Etsel Kurtmoto, Peter Matthews. Akiko Mort. School of the National Andong on Hunting and Gathering Yasuhlko Nagano. Ak1ra Saito. Hiroshf University. He is now a curator at Societies (CHAGS 8)': S. Kayano. Shojl. Shlgeharu Tanabe, Shlgeyuki the Na tional Folk 'Ainu and the Salmon': R. Lee. Tsukada. Museum in Korea. 'Hunter-Gatherer Studies and the Production: Setsuk.o Ikuta. TamJko His research Millennium: A Look Forward (And Urano, MugiYamamoto interests Include Back)': N. Peterson. 'Hunter Contributions and correspondence kinship Gatherers In First World Nation should be sent to: organisation. riles Stales: Bringing Anthropology Professor Shlgeharu Tanabe. EdJtor. or passage. and Home': and H. A. Felt. 'Analyzing MINPAKU Anthropology Newsletter. material culture. and Celebrating Survival in a National Museum of Ethnology. Senrl Expo Park. Suit.a, Osaka 565- While visiting Globalizing World: Hunters. 8511. Japan. Minpaku from 24 Others and Us'. Tel: +81-6-6876-2151 December 1998 to 23 December Fax: +81-6-6878-7503 1999. the topic of his research Is 0 Matsubara . M.. Y. Konagaya and E-maJl: nletteri'Didc.mlnpaku.ac.Jp 'Burial Systems in Korea and S. Sasaki (eels). History and Japan'. Present of the Eurasian Nomadic Please note that signed articles Societies. Bulletin of ilie National represent the views of their wrtters. not necessarily the official vtews of the Solonggod , Dr Hurcabaat ur Museum of Eilinology (Special National Museum of Ethnology. was born in Issue). no.20. 612 pp .. March Ordos-Mongol. 1999. C National Museum ofEt.hnology China in 1959. 1999. After nnishlng 0 Tanaka, M. and M. Tachlkawa ISSN 1341-7959 university he has (eds). Living wilh Saktl: Gender. Sexuality and Religion in South TbJ.s Newsletter 1s printed on recycled worked as an paper. editor for the Asia. Senri Ethnological Studies. book. Study of no.50. iv+293 pp .. March 1999. Printed by Nakanlshf Printing Co., Ud.