DOCSLIB.ORG

Nutritional Anthropometric and Retrospective Mortality Survey Children Aged 6 to 59 Months Kamber-Shahdadkot and Dadu Districts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nutritional Anthropometric and Retrospective Mortality Survey Children Aged 6 to 59 Months Kamber-Shahdadkot and Dadu Districts Nutritional Anthropometric and Retrospective Mortality Survey Children aged 6 to 59 months Kamber-Shahdadkot and Dadu Districts Sindh Province Pakistan May – June 2008 Funded by: 1 Table of contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................. 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 5 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 11 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY ....................................................................................................... 16 3. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................ 16 3.1. POPULATION DATA ........................................................................................................................ 17 3.2. SAMPLE SIZE................................................................................................................................. 17 3.3. SAMPLE SELECTION ....................................................................................................................... 18 3.4. DATA COLLECTION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES ....................................................................... 19 3.4.1. Anthropometric data ............................................................................................................ 19 3.4.2. Household and Mortality Data ............................................................................................. 19 3.5. INDICATORS AND FORMULAS USED ................................................................................................. 20 3.5.1. Acute Malnutrition................................................................................................................ 20 3.5.2. Mortality ............................................................................................................................... 20 3.6. FIELD WORK .................................................................................................................................. 21 3.7. DATA ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................. 21 4. RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................ 22 4.1. KAMBER-SHAHDADKOT SURVEY ..................................................................................................... 22 4.1.1. Age and sex distribution ...................................................................................................... 22 4.1.2. Malnutrition rates ................................................................................................................. 22 4.1.3. Measles vaccination ............................................................................................................ 25 4.1.4. Feeding programs ............................................................................................................... 25 4.1.5. Mortality ............................................................................................................................... 25 4.2. DADU SURVEY ............................................................................................................................... 26 4.2.1. Age and sex distribution ...................................................................................................... 26 4.2.2. Malnutrition rates ................................................................................................................. 26 4.2.3. Measles vaccination ............................................................................................................ 29 4.2.4. Feeding programs ............................................................................................................... 29 4.2.5. Mortality ............................................................................................................................... 30 5. DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................................... 30 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 32 APPENDIXES ............................................................................................................................................. 33 APPENDIX 1: MAP OF THE FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS SURVEYED .................................................. 33 APPENDIX 2: CLUSTER SELECTED, KAMBER-SHAHDADKOT SURVEY .......................................... 34 APPENDIX 3: CLUSTER SELECTION DADU SURVEY .......................................................................... 35 APPENDIX 4: ANTHROPOMETRIC QUESTIONNAIRE ........................................................................... 36 APPENDIX 5: MORTALITY QUESTIONNAIRE ........................................................................................ 37 APPENDIX 6: LOCAL EVENT CALENDAR .............................................................................................. 38 APPENDIX 7: THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF MALNUTRITION ............................................... 39 2 Acknowledgments ACF-USA (Action Against Hunger) thanks Health executive district officers (EDO) of Dadu and Kamber- Shahdadkot, as well as the nazims of the two districts surveyed, for their assistance and collaboration. ACF-USA would like to thank all nutrition surveyors for their enthusiasm and good will to do a fantastic job. Special thanks to Waseem Abbas Isran and Sajjad Ahmed Khand, the two nutrition survey assistants for their support and good working spirit. ACF-USA is also extremely grateful to the community members for their cooperation and hospitality. 3 List of acronyms ACF Action Contre la Faim ARI Acute respiratory infection BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, a vaccine for tuberculosis BHC Basic Health Centers CI Confidence interval CMR Crude mortality rate DHQ District Head Quarter Hospitals DTP Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis EDO Executive district office ENA Emergency Nutrition Assessment FAO United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization FPB Flood Protection Bund GAM Global acute malnutrition GD Government Dispensaries GDP Gross Domestic Product IRC Indus Resource Center Kcal Kilocalories Km Kilometer LGO Local government Ordinance JADE Japan Agency for Development and Emergency MHC Mother and Child Health MUAC Mid upper arm circumference NCHS National Centre of Health Statistics NDS National Development Society NFI Non-Food Items NGO Non governmental organization OTP Outpatient Therapeutic Program PKR Pakistani rupees PPP Purchasing Power Parity PRC Pakistan Red Crescent RHC Rural Health Centers SAM Severe acute malnutrition SC Stabilization centre SD Standard deviation SFP Supplementary Feeding Program SMART Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions SRC Spanish Red Cross TFC Therapeutic feeding centers THQ Taluka Head Quarter Hospitals U5 Under five U5MR Under-5 mortality rate UC Union Council UNICEF United Nations children’s Fund USA United States of America WHO United Nations World Health Organization 4 Executive summary Sindh province is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, located on the Southeastern corner of the country. There are 23 districts in Sindh province, including Dadu and Kamber-Shahdadkot. The total population of the province is estimated between 50 to 54 million inhabitants (1.1 million in Kamber- Shahdadkot and 1.7 million in Dadu)1. In July 2007, heavy monsoon rains coupled with the landfall of Cyclone Yemyin on 26th June led to extensive flooding in Northern Sindh. Although the cyclone-associated rainfalls affected first the Balochistan Province, they drained then through the Indus River, and ultimately the Arabian Sea. Because the floods were the result of breaches on the Flood protected Bond (FPB) rather than direct flows, water levels rose relatively slowly in the two districts, and the local population had time to escape from their villages and seek shelter on higher ground (frequently along elevated roadways) or in nearby towns. In Kamber-Shahdadkot, 12 union councils (UC) were affected in 5 talukas; in Dadu, 15 union councils were affected in 3 talukas, displacing more than 100,0002. In June 2008, most of the displaced people have returned to their village of origin. Although some households migrated permanently seeking better living conditions and/or job opportunities. Humanitarian assistance started one week after the floods by the Government, international and local NGOs: food and tent distributions, water and sanitation programs and cash distributions were implemented. During the month of August, flood waters started to recede, allowing some of the displaced people to return home. Most of the aid stopped by September/October, at the end of the emergency phase. However, the negative impact of the flood was not over: households continued to face difficulties as their principal livelihood source – agriculture production–
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Autobiography of M H Panhwar
    CONTENTS NO. TITLE PAGE NO. INTRODUCTION 1 1. MY MATERNAL GRAND FATHER’S HOUSE, MY BIRTH PLACE AND THE SPOT WHERE I WAS BORN. 4 2. LOOKING AT SKIES AT NIGHT. 7 3. THE LAST JOURNEY OF SALEH, THE FATHER OF MY MATERNAL GRANDFATHER AHMED 8 4. USE OF LEFT HAND FOR EATING FOOD. 10 5. HUBBLE-BUBBLE. 11 6. MY VILLAGE. 12 7. HEALTH CARE IN THE VILLAGE. 16 8. VISITORS TO THE VILLAGE. 19 9. MY ANCESTORS. 20 10. MY GREAT GRAND MOTHER. 24 11. MY GRAND FATHER. 25 12. MY FATHER. 27 13. HOONDA WILL YOU EAT BEEF. 30 14. COBRA BITES MY UNCLE. 32 15. MY BUJKI. 35 16. DEVELOPING OF READING HABIT. 36 17. I WILL GROW ONLY FRUIT TREES. 41 18. KHIRDHAHI AND AIWAZSHAH GRAVEYARD. 43 19. GETTING SICK, QUACKS, HAKIMS, VACCINATORS AND DOCTORS. 46 20. MUHAMMAD SALEH PANHWAR’S CONTRIBUTION TO UPLIFT OF VILLAGE PEOPLE 50 21. A VISIT TO THE INDUS. 54 22. I WILL NEVER BE AN ORPHAN. 60 23. MY GRANDFATHER’S AGRICULTURE. 70 24. OUR PIRS OF KHHIYARI SHARIF. 73 25. MOSQUE OF THE VILLAGE. 76 26. THE DRAG LINE OR EXCAVATOR 79 27. DOOMSDAY OR QAYAMAT IS COMING - A PREDICTION 81 28. SEPARATION OF SINDH FROM BOMBAY PRESIDENCY 84 29. IN SEARCH OF CALORIES AND VITAMINS 86 30. OUR POULTRY 91 31. OUR VILLAGE CARPENTER 93 32. OUR VILLAGE SHOEMAKER 95 33. BOOK SHOP AT MAKHDOOM BILAWAL 99 34. WALL MOUNTED MAPS AND CHARTS IN SCHOOL 102 35. WELL IN THE VILLAGE “EUREKA” 104 36. OUR VILLAGE POTTER 108 37.
    [Show full text]
  • Government of Sindh Road Resources Management (RRM) Froject Project No
    FINAL REPORT Mid-Term Evaluation /' " / " kku / Kondioro k I;sDDHH1 (Koo1,, * Nowbshoh On$ Hyderobcd Bulei Pt.ochi 7 godin Government of Sindh Road Resources Management (RRM) Froject Project No. 391-0480 Prepared for the United States Agency for International Development Islamabad, Pakistan IOC PDC-0249-1-00-0019-00 * Delivery Order No. 23 prepared by DE LEUWx CATHER INTERNATIONAL LIMITED May 26, 1993 Table of Contents Section Pafle Title Page i Table of Contents ii List of Tables and Figures iv List of Abbieviations, Acronyms vi Basic Project Identification Data Sheet ix AID Evaluation Summary x Chapter 1 - Introduction 1-1 Chapter 2 - Background 2-1 Chapter 3 - Road Maintenance 3-1 Chapter 4 - Road Rehabilitation 4-1 Chapter 5 - Training Programs 5-1 Chapter 6 - District Revenue Sources 6-1 Appendices: - A. Work Plan for Mid-term Evaluation A-1 - B. Principal Officers Interviewed B-1 - C. Bibliography of Documents C-1 - D. Comparison of Resources and Outputs for Maintenance of District Roads in Sindh D-1 - E. Paved Road System Inventories: 6/89 & 4/93 E-1 - F. Cost Benefit Evaluations - Districts F-1 - ii ­ Appendices (cont'd.): - G. "RRM" Road Rehabilitation Projects in SINDH PROVINCE: F.Y.'s 1989-90; 1991-92; 1992-93 G-1 - H. Proposed Training Schedule for Initial Phase of CCSC Contract (1989 - 1991) H-1 - 1. Maintenance Manual for District Roads in Sindh - (Revised) August 1992 I-1 - J. Model Maintenance Contract for District Roads in Sindh - August 1992 J-1 - K. Sindh Local Government and Rural Development Academy (SLGRDA) - Tandojam K-1 - L.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Drain Water on Soils and Crops and It Causes: a Case Study of Kamber Taluka, Pakistan
    Sindh Univ. Res. Jour. (Sci. Ser.) Vol.44 (4) 623-626 (2012) SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL (SCIENCE SERIES) Impacts of Drain Water on Soils and Crops and it Causes: A Case Study of Kamber Taluka, Pakistan M.M. ANWAR, N.H. CHANDIO* Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization, University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan Received 9th April 2012 and Revised 12th September 2012 Abstract: Taluka Kamber has been facing natural calamities-turned disasters due to its geographical location. The area is under constant threat of the surface drainage effluent coming from Balochistan Plateaus and local drains. The highly soil contaminated water from different drains has devastating impacts on the natural lakes and agricultural lands of the region. The natural flow routes of the flood water have been interrupted at many places which have increased the impact and frequency of the floods in the area. The investigated area is very famous for the paddy and wheat production in the country, but average production of both crops in the area is reducing. Growers dependent on the cultivation of wheat crop on the land degraded by the Hairdrin Drain as well as on rain fed agriculture on the uplands of Kachho also have been facing difficult situation. Interestingly, since 1998-1999 not only the Rabi Minor command lands were submerged in Hairdrin Drain but there has been drastic reduction in the rainfall in Kachho resulting in the failure of crops in the area. The salinity is affecting the area of Kachho. The situation has become dismal to the extent that last year, the wheat crop yield was not even 200 kgs per acre (494 kgs per hectare).
    [Show full text]
  • Rainflood August 2020 Report.Cdr
    Heavy rain, winds and thundershowers badly heavy rains played havoc in the province and affected 20 districts in Sindh province. damaging public and private property. Government of Sindh declared 20 Districts as Calamity affected areas. In pernent to this, the Sindh government issued noficaon for, fresh data shows that major damage has been “Sindh government has declared 20 districts of caused by heavy rains and the precauonary Sindh to be calamity affected under the Sindh steps have been taken by the relevant Calamies Act of 1958. departments to migate further destrucon in these areas. Thousands of people are in urgent need of assistance due to lack of food and safe drinking Torrenal monsoon rains have pounded water, as well as the loss of livelihoods and southern Pakistan, triggering serious flooding homes. and heavy rain affecng many people of Sindh. The many people displaced, destroyed or Sindh is by far the worst affected province, with damaged large number of their houses and torrenal rains in the hardest hit areas having flooded million acres of culvated land. led to rainfall exceeding, in a few days, what on average accumulates in an enre monsoon Sindh government has declared Karachi, season. The Government reports 20 districts of Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas and Shaheed Benazir Sindh are affected. Abad as calamity-hit areas aer five spells of TRDP is working in Dadu, Jamshoro, Tando In the evening of Friday August 7, 2020, the most Allahyar, Umerkot, Mirpurkhas and Tharparkar. of area of Taluka Johi was submerged due to Dadu district faces mul-hazard disasters like rainwater flooding and breaches in the Nai Gaj flash/riverine floods on the one hand and severe river.
    [Show full text]
  • Contents Acronyms
    Climate Change and Natural Disasters in Pakistan Contents Acronyms ...........................................................................................1 Acknowledgment ..............................................................................2 Chairperson’s Note ............................................................................3 Chief Executive’s Note .......................................................................4 Chapter -1 News Items ......................................................................5 Chapter-2 Articles ......................................................................... 194 Pakistan is Again Hit by Devastating Floods ................................. 195 Effects of Climate Change ............................................................ 198 The Emergency the World Forgot ................................................ 201 Rains Wrought Havoc on Historical Sites ..................................... 205 Strange Ways of the Islamic Republic .......................................... 209 Pakistan Must Turn to Aquaculture ............................................. 213 Flood-hit Dalits Facing Hunger and Prejudice .............................. 216 Chapter-3 Editorials ...................................................................... 218 When Water Hits .......................................................................... 219 Stormy Days ................................................................................. 220 Open Skies ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Muhammad Bin Ahmed As Governor of 1025 and 1026 A.D
    222 CHRONOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF SIND Masud, but soon afterwards, Ahmed, son of Muhammad, put Masud to death. 1040-48 A.D.—432-40 A.H. : Sultan Masud's son Maudud having The statement shows that Sind was not occupied Ghazni, sent Abu Nasar Bin subdued after Mahmud's expeditions of Muhammad Bin Ahmed as Governor of 1025 and 1026 A.D. Lahore. The latter took an expedition against Sind, but on his return Sind and Multan revolted. 1048-49 A.D.- 440 A.H. : i Sultan Maudud of Ghazni appointed his It simply shows that Ghazni's control son Abul-Qasim Mahmud as Governor over Sind since the sacking of Mansura of Punjab and Sind and sent him to in 1025 A.D. had not been enforced and Lahore. The same year his Kotwal the expeditions of Masud and Maudud Abu Ali crushed rebellions in Sind, Mul- were simply raids of no consequence. tan, Peshawar and Kashmir. Abul Hasan, a general seneschal of Ghazni was sent to subdue Mathila and Bhatia, the ruler of which, Ahannin, took to flight. 1048-49 A.D.— 440 A.H. : Abu Saeed Abdul Hayee Gardaizi wrote Text published from London, in 1928. Zainul-Akhbar. It deals with Ghaznavi —Sind relations. 1049 A.D., 22nd December : Maudud died and in accordance with his will his son Masud, aged three, was nominated as the king, but Maudud's brother Ali Abul Hassan deposed the infant and became Sultan. 1050 A.D. : Conquest of Baghdad by the Seljuk Turks. Since then, Abbasid Caliph's ^> power was limited to a small area around Baghdad and he was reduced to nominal religious head-ship for the purposes of Khutba and issue of Sanads.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change and Natural Disasters in Pakistan
    Climate Change and Natural Disasters in Pakistan Naseer Memon Disclaimer "The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organization" Climate Change and Natural Disasters in Pakistan Contents Preface .................................................................................... 1 Foreword ................................................................................. 2 Dealing with Disaster .............................................................. 4 Managing Disaster ................................................................... 8 Root Causes of Floods ........................................................... 12 Unnatural Causes of Disaster ................................................ 16 What Worsened the Flood Disaster? .................................... 20 Bumpy Road to Rehabilitation .............................................. 25 Climate Change and Future of Large Dams ........................... 30 Climate Change and Disaster in Indus Delta ......................... 36 Climate Change and Vulnerability of Sindh Coast ................. 42 Factors Responsible for Flood Disaster in Sindh ................... 48 Disaster unleashed by Mirani Dam ....................................... 54 Climate Change and Natural Disasters in Pakistan Climate Change and Natural Disasters in Pakistan Preface Climate change is an emerging threat for our planet. It has manifested in disasters of unpredictable frequency and intensity in different parts of world. Pakistan
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the District Dadu
    District Disaster Risk Management Plan 2016 District Dadu Government of Sindh TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements 1 List of Acronyms 2 Distribution List 3 Executive Summary 4 Planning Authority 6 Approval of the plan 6 Amendments to the Plan 6 Review and Update 6 Vision, Mission and Objectives 7 General Concepts & Terms used in Disaster Management 8 SECTION 1: 13 Overview of the District Dadu 13 1.1 General description of the district 13 1.2 Geography 14 1.3 Demography 14 1.4 Religion and tribes 15 1.5 Languages 16 1.6 Cropping Patterns 16 1.7 Livestock 16 SECTION 2: Areas at Risk: Hazards, Demography and Vulnerability Context 17 2.1 Hazard Analysis 17 2.1.1 Hazard Time line 17 2.2 Demography in areas at risk 20 2.3 Longer term trends (vulnerability context) 21 2.4 Livelihoods and Vulnerability 22 2.4.1 Zone 1 Canal Irrigated (Pacco zone) 23 2.4.1.1 Livelihood groups, vulnerability and poverty 23 2.4.1.2 Seasonality 24 2.4.2 Zone 2: Riverine (Kacha zone) 24 2.4.2.1 Livelihood groups, vulnerability and poverty 24 2.4.2.2 Seasonality 25 2.4.2 Zone 3: Rain fed (Kachho) Zone 26 2.4.3.1 Livelihood groups, vulnerability and poverty 26 2.4.3.2 Seasonality 27 SECTION 3: Responding To Disasters: Communities and External Assistance Needs 29 3.1 Community coping mechanisms 29 3.2 Type, timing, quantities and costs of material support for exceptional events 31 3.3 Response Strategies For Various Hazards 32 3.3.1 Response to floods in Riverine (Kacha ) as well as Canal irrigated (Pacco) areas of 32 district Dadu 3.2.1.1 Assisting communities after floods.
    [Show full text]