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Crabs (Brachyura) of the Gulf of Mexico

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Crabs (Brachyura) of the Gulf of Mexico ISSN/0082-334itfOO 9 60- Mai/2AJh\_ a catalogue & bibliography to the CRABS (BRACHYURA) OF THE GULF OF MEXICO LAWRENCE W. POWERS CONTRIBUTIONpnMTTJTRrTT'TnMSQ ITMN MARINMaPTTOER .<:;ryRMnSCIENCEr V Supplement to Volume 20 December 1977 A Catalogue and Bibliography TO THE CRABS (BRACHYURA) OF THE GULF OF MEXICO LAWRENCE W. POWERS^ PORT ARANSAS MARINE LABORATORY University of Texas Marine Science Institute Port Aransas, Texas 78373 December 1977 1 Present address: Biology Department, City College (CUNY), New York, New York 10031. University of Texas Marine Science Institute Contribution No. 215. Editor: DONALD E. WOHLSCHLAG Editorial Assistant: RUTH GRUNDY EDITOR S NOTE We are offering, "A Catalogue and Bibliography to the Crabs (Brachyura) of the Gulf of Mexico," By Lawrence W. Powers as a supplement to Volume 20 of our Contributions in Marine Science. We hope that this type of monographic work will stimulate further syntheses. Additional copies of this Catalogue and Bibliography may be obtained by writing; The Librarian Port Aransas Marine Laboratory The Universit3r of Texas Marine Science Institute Port Aransas, Texas 78373 Price: $8.00 per copy ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreciation for those who reviewed the preliminary draft of this manuscript. The following offered valuable suggestions for its im­ provement: Lawrence G. Abele, Fenner A. Chace, Jr., Darryl L. Felder, John S. Garth, and Austin B. Williams. Samuel R. Haley and Warren Pulich reviewed the revised introduction. I assume full responsibility for remaining errors and omissions. I would like to dedicate this effort to Mrs. Ruth Grundy, librarian of the Marine Science Laboratory at Port Aransas, for her initial encouragement of this project, continued enthusiasm during compilation, patience with the many missed deadlines, and her labors to help see it through to completion. I also appreciate the help and support of others at the Marine Science Laboratory, especially Donald Wohlschlag, William Brogden, Carl Oppenheimer, Sarah Lowrie, Phyllis Picarazzi, and Mary Ellen Tomberlein. Dinah Bowman pre­ pared the cover illustration. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgments 3 Table of Contents - 5 INTRODUCTION 7 CLASSIFICATION 8 BIOGEOGRAPHY 10 DISCUSSION _ 13 SPECIES ENTRIES - 19 BRACHYURA 19 Section DROMIACEA 19 Superfamily DROMIOIDEA 19 Family DROMIIDAE 19 Family PROSOPIDAE 21 Subfamily HOMOLODROMIINAE 21 Superfamily HOMOLOIDEA 21 Family HOMOLIDAE 21 Family LATREILLIDAE 23 Section OXYSTOMATA 23 Superfamily RANINOIDEA 23 Family RANINIDAE 23 Superfamily DORIPPOIDEA 26 Family DORIPPIDAE 26 Superfamily CALAPPOIDEA 29 Family CALAPPIDAE 29 Subfamily CALAPPINAE 29 Subfamily MATUTINAL 32 Family LEUCOSIIDAE 35 Subfamily EBALIINAE 35 Subfamily LEUCOSIINAE 36 Subfamily PHILYRINAE 38 Section HAPALOCARCINIDEA 40 Superfamily HAPALOCARCINOIDEA 40 Family HAPALOCARCINIDAE 40 Section OXYRHYNCHA 41 Family MAJIDAE 41 Subfamily ACANTHONYCHINAE 41 Subfamily INACHINAE 42 Subfamily MAJINAE 49 Subfamily MITHRACINAE 50 Subfamily OPHTHALMIINAE 60 Subfamily PISINAE 62 Family PARTHENOPIDAE 67 Subfamily PARTHENOPINAE 67 Section CANCRIDEA 71 Superfamily CANCROIDEA 71 Family ATELECYCLIDAE 71 Subfamily ATELECYCLINAE 71 Family CANCRINAE 71 Subfamily CANCRINAE 71 Section BRACHYRHYNCHA 72 Superfamily PORTUNOIDEA 72 Family PORTUNIDAE 72 Subfamily POLYBIINAE 72 Subfamily PORTUNINAE 74 Superfamily XANTHOIDEA 86 Family POTAMIDAE 86 Family XANTHIDAE 87 Family GERYONIDAE 110 Family GONEPLACIDAE 111 Family PALICIDAE 117 Family PINNOTHERIDAE 119 Subfamily PINNOTHERINAE 119 Subfamily PINNOTHERELIINAE 125 Family GRAPSIDAE 128 Subfamily GRAPSINAE 128 Subfamily PLAGUSIINAE 131 Subfamily SESARMINAE 132 Subfamily VARUNINAE 136 Family GECARCINIDAE 138 Superfamily OCYPODOIDEA 140 Family OCYPODIDAE 140 Subfamily OCYPODINAE 140 BIBLIOGRAPHY 150 INDEX 184 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this catalogue and bibliography is to provide a convenient reference source for information on the brachyuran (true) crabs of the Gulf of Mexico. Although it is intended primarily for zoologists and others familiar with taxonomic resources, the catalogue includes some informal features in order to increase its usefulness to students and persons without systematic experience. The catalogue is a compilation of recent literature and the taxonomic organiza­ tion of the species entries represents the author's interpretation of revisions by carcinological authorities. As a reference source, it is intended to be a com­ promise between the systematic works with formal synonymies and descriptions of species and various bibliographies that could be generated by the use of com­ puterized key word entries. The major part of the catalogue consists of a checklist of species from the Gulf of Mexico (referred throughout the text as the Gulf) that was compiled from the published literature. Unpublished materials, such as theses, manu­ scripts, and uncirculated reports, were included sparingly. Doctoral dissertations were cited in cases where the material was not published elsewhere or when the topic was considered essential for inclusion in this work. It was not possible to examine and include every known reference and some sources were inadver­ tently missed; omissions and errors should be brought to the attention of the author. A complete checklist of the Brachyura of the Gulf has not been published since Rathbun's multi-volume work, "The Crabs of America" (1918, 1925, 1930, 1937). Since that time, numerous local and regional surveys have yielded new findings on the distribution and biologj^ of many species, new species have been described, and revisions in the sj^stematic organization of several groups have appeared. For most non-specialists, much of this documentary literature is inac­ cessible and the taxonomic revisions niay be difficult to evaluate. The present work should serve as an introduction to the literature for a species and it should also indicate the amount of data and type of research available for a species or group of crabs. References to the literature are divided into two sections. Those of value in identification and characterization of a species are listed under the name and source of original description. These citations include synonj-Tns and other invalid names; they occasionally emphasize a name or part of a description that is not sj^nonymous (e.g., Williams, 1974a, p. 731, figs. 4, 18a (not 18b), 20c, etc.). Other references are listed under "Remarks": they provide information on the natural historj^ ecology, development, physiology, behavior, pathology, or commercial fishery of a species. For some commercially-important species, the available literature is large and widely scattered. The citations for these species are listed with a minimum of descriptive explanation and the number of omitted references will be proportionately higher than for those species with only a few known references. The species entries consist of the current valid name, the published original reference of the species description, common names (if any), taxonomic and 8 Lawrence W. Powers descriptive references, geographical and bathymetric distributions, habitats, and bibliography with annotations and comments. Species are arranged alphabeti­ cally vi^ithin genera and subgenera, as are genera within subfamilies. Geographical ranges are based on published sources. If the identification of a species or locality is doubtful, the localitj^ is preceded by a question mark. Place names are listed from north to south and east to west; eastern Atlantic localities follow western Atlantic; eastern Pacific and Indo-Pacific localities are cited last. The presence of a species is not assumed in the absence of collection records from large gaps in otherwise continuous distributions. For example, many species are listed for the Carolinas and the east coast of Florida, without indicating presence in Georgian waters. Bathymetric ranges are presented in meters and in fathoms, in order to facili­ tate comparisons wth new data as they appear in the literature. Depths are omitted for semiterrestrial and terrestrial crabs. Habitat descriptions include substrate types, terrain features (land crabs), as­ sociations with other organisms (commensals, parasites), type of water (marine, brackish), and general biotope (estuarine, marsh, rocky intertidal, offshore benthic, etc.). Terrestrial habitats are usually described in greater detail than aquatic habitats. Remarks include literature citations on all aspects of the biolog}^ of the species. In many cases, the available literatvire may consist only of one or a few pub­ lished descriptions or citations of the species. Regional lists include faunal sur­ veys in the Gulf of Mexico area. These lists may include data on the habitats, seasonal occurrence, and biology of the crabs, or they may list only the species names. Species identifications were usually verified by a specialist; most of the lists were published. Other remarks include discussions of taxonomic revisions, identification problems, comparisons with other related species, records of oviger- ous females, and ecological notes. CLASSIFICATION A review of attempts to classify decapod crustaceans, including arrangements of brachyuran families, was presented by Glaessner (1969) in Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. The scheme adopted for the Treatise, a compromise of paleontological and zoological considerations, is used in the present catalogue. Table I presents an outline of the extant families of Brachyura as recognized by Glaessner (1969) and modified for the
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