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Repositorio Institucional UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE QUERÉTARO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIALES UNIDAD PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN Y APROVECHAMIENTO SUSTENTABLE DE VIDA SILVESTRE NATIVA (UMA) COMO PROPUESTA DE MANEJO EN LA MICROCUENCA VILLA EMILIANO ZAPATA, QUERÉTARO TESIS INDIVIDUAL QUE COMO PARTE DE LOS REQUISITOS PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRO EN GESTIÓN INTEGRADA DE CUENCAS PRESENTA Gustavo Rodríguez Hernández DIRIGIDA POR: Dr. Oscar Ricardo García Rubio UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE QUERÉTARO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS NATURALES FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGÍA FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS POLÍTICAS Y SOCIALES UNIDAD PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN Y APROVECHAMIENTO SUSTENTABLE DE VIDA SILVESTRE NATIVA (UMA) COMO PROPUESTA DE MANEJO EN LA MICROCUENCA VILLA EMILIANO ZAPATA, QUERÉTARO TESIS INDIVIDUAL QUE COMO PARTE DE LOS REQUISITOS PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRO EN GESTIÓN INTEGRADA DE CUENCAS PRESENTA: Gustavo Rodríguez Hernández DIRIGIDA POR: Dr. Oscar Ricardo García Rubio SINODALES Resumen La presente investigación obtuvo datos para la gestión y elaboración de un plan de manejo para una unidad para la conservación y aprovechamiento sustentable de vida silvestre nativa (UMA) en la microcuenca Villa Emiliano Zapata, Peñamiller, Querétaro. La UMA tiene el objetivo de manejar especies de cactáceas con riesgo de extinción y regular la recolecta de orégano (Lippia graveolens) y damiana (Turnera diffusa) como estrategia de conservación y aprovechamiento de la biodiversidad. Las UMA son un instrumento que permite la protección de especies con alguna categoría de riesgo de extinción en la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 y su hábitat, al tiempo que brinda la posibilidad de llevar a cabo aprovechamientos racionales y sustentables, lo anterior bajo un plan de manejo integral. Se generó información de las características socioeconómicas y biofísicas de la microcuenca, se implementaron talleres participativos, entrevistas semiestructuradas y muestreos de la vegetación. De cuatro comunidades que están ubicadas en la microcuenca, sólo tres poseen grupos focales dispuestos a participar, sin embargo, sólo un grupo focal reúne los requisitos para el registro de la UMA; la principal limitante fue la posesión legal de predios. A partir de lo anterior, se elaboró el plan de manejo para una UMA, la cual ocupará un área de 318 hectáreas en las que se llevarán a cabo acciones para la conservación y manejo de la biznaga tonel (Echinocactus platyacanthus), cactus estrella (Astrophytum ornatum), biznaga de areola dorada (Mammillaria parkinsonii), biznaga trompo (Strombocactus disciformis) y el peyote queretano (Lophophora diffusa). Dicho plan de manejo consideró el enfoque por cuenca, donde se tomó en cuenta la participación comunitaria para el análisis y planificación, con la finalidad que pueda funcionar como instrumento para conservar la flora nativa y ayude a disminuir los efectos acumulativos que ocurren en las diferentes zonas funcionales de la UMA y la microcuenca. Palabras clave: Gestión, Cuenca, Participación, UMA, Cactáceas. i Abstract This research obtained data for the management and elaboration of a management plan for a unit for the conservation and sustainable use of native wildlife (UMA) in the Villa Emiliano Zapata micro-watershed, Peñamiller, Querétaro. The UMA aims to manage species of cacti with risk of extinction and regulate the collection of orégano (Lippia graveolens) and damiana (Turnera diffusa) as a strategy for conservation and use of biodiversity. The UMAs are an instrument that allows the protection of species with some category of extinction risk in the Official Mexican Standard NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 and its habitat, while offering the possibility of carrying out rational and sustainable uses. previous under a comprehensive management plan. Information was generated on the socioeconomic and biophysical characteristics of the microbasin, participatory workshops were implemented, semi-structured interviews and vegetation samplings. Of four communities that are located in the microbasin, only three have focus groups willing to participate, however, only one focus group meets the requirements for the registration of the UMA; The main limitation was the legal possession of properties. Based on the above, the management plan for an UMA was drawn up, which will occupy an area of 318 hectares in which actions will be carried out for the conservation and management of the barrel bison (Echinocactus platyacanthus), star cactus (Astrophytum ornatum), biznaga of golden areola (Mammillaria parkinsonii), biznaga trompo (Strombocactus disciformis) and peyote queretano (Lophophora diffusa). This management plan considered the basin approach, where community participation was taken into account for the analysis and planning, with the purpose that it could function as an instrument to conserve the native flora and help to diminish the cumulative effects that occur in the different zones. functionalities of the UMA and the microbasin. Keywords: Management, Basin, Participation, UMA, Cactaceae. ii Dedicatoria A mis padres Yolanda y Ángel, por seguir depositando su confianza en mí. A mi familia, especialmente a mis sobrinos Valeria, Fernanda, Alison, Tadeo, Renata y Sofía; por seguir siendo una motivación para cuidar nuestro planeta. A mi hermana y hermanos: Maribel, Eduardo, Ángel, Edgar y Alfredo, por existir. A Mara, por soportar mi etapa de tesista de licenciatura y ahora de posgrado; sin ti no lo hubiera logrado, te amo infinitamente. iii Agradecimientos A la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, por ser mi alma máter. Al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) por haberme asignado recursos por medio de una beca para poder llevar a cabo mi maestría. Exhortando a su vez la reclamación de más fondos para educación en el país. Al Dr. Oscar García, por aceptar dirigir mi tesis, pero sobre todo por ser un gran ser humano y un gran amigo. A mis sinodales, Dra. Tamara, Mtra. Kruskaia, Mtro. Antonio y al Dr. Juan Alfredo; por ayudarme en las correcciones de mi tesis y por su amistad. A la Dra. Anne Damon, por su ayuda en mi movilidad a ECOSUR-Unidad Tapachula y por transmitir su infinito amor por la conservación de la biodiversidad. A la Biól. Claudia Nicolás, del departamento de Vida Silvestre de la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales; por su ayuda y buen humor durante mi estancia académica. A los pobladores de la microcuenca Villa Emiliano Zapata, por su aporte a esta tesis y sobre todo por enseñarme que en lo más árido del semidesierto Queretano se esconden grandes tesoros. A mis compañeros de generación: Pati, Mayra, Claudia, Lili, Esmeralda, Oscar y Alex; porque de ustedes aprendí lo más valioso del posgrado. Especialmente a Alejandro Valdés, por ayudarme con mis múltiples problemas para aprender a hacer cartografía. A todos mis profesores de la MAGIC, gracias por hacerme ver la importancia de las cuencas y sus efectos en la vida diaria. A mis principales cómplices de vida, mis amigas y amigos: Mara, Dolores, Fátima, Julio, Adrián, Ricardo, Omar, Emmanuel, Raúl-waso, Raúl-japo y Rigoberto. A todos los que en algún momento me regalaron momentos de su vida y a ti por darte el tiempo de leer esto. iv ÍNDICE Resumen ................................................................................................................................. i Abstract ................................................................................................................................. ii Dedicatorias .......................................................................................................................... iii Agradecimientos .................................................................................................................. iv Índice general ........................................................................................................................ v Índice de figuras.................................................................................................................. vii Índice de cuadros ............................................................................................................... viii 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................................ 1 2. MARCO TEÓRICO ......................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Desarrollo Sustentable .................................................................................................. 2 2.2 Manejo Integrado de Cuencas ....................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 Participación Comunitaria ..................................................................................... 8 2.3 Unidad para la conservación y aprovechamiento sustentable de vida silvestre nativa. ........................................................................................................................................... 10 3. ANTECEDENTES.......................................................................................................... 13 3.1 Propuesta del plan de manejo en la microcuenca Villa Emiliano Zapata, Peñamiller, Querétaro ........................................................................................................................... 13 4. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ....................................................................
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