Two New Species of the Anemadus Taiwanus Species-Group (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Anemadini) from China

Zootaxa 4072 (2): 282–290 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4072.2.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1C21A78B-C978-4C2B-BD83-66F54478980E Two new species of the Anemadus taiwanus species-group (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Anemadini) from China

CHENG-BIN WANG1 & HONG-ZHANG ZHOU1, 2 1Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Rd., Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P. R. China 2Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Anemadus perreaui sp. nov. and A. sichuanus sp. nov., both belong to the A. taiwanus species-group (Coleoptera: Leio- didae: Cholevinae, Anemadini), are described from Sichuan Province, China. Color plates and line drawings are offered to illustrate their important characteristics. A key to all species of the group is compiled so as to include the two new species.

Key words: Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Anemadus, taxonomy, new species, China

摘要

本文描述了产自中国四川省的佩罗风小葬甲 Anemadus perreaui sp. nov. 与四川风小葬甲 A. sichuanus sp. nov.，两者均隶属于台湾风小葬甲种组 A. taiwanus species-group （鞘翅目：球蕈甲科：小葬甲亚科，风小葬甲族）。我们提供了彩色图版与线条图来阐明其重要特征，并且编制了一个该种组所有种（包括两新种）的检索表。

Introduction

The genus Anemadus, belonging to the subtribe Anemadina of the tibe Anemadini in the subfamily Cholevinae (Coleoptera: Leiodidae), was originally established by Reitter (1884), with Catops strigosus Kraatz, 1852 as the type species fixed by the subsequent designation by Jeannel (1922). Before our study, the genus Anemadus Reitter, 1884 was composed of 39 valid species; their geographical distributions are generally limited within the zoogeographical regions of the Palaearctic and the Oriental. Giachino & Vailati (1993) established ten species-groups to classify the congener species; Perreau (2000) added two additional species groups which only found in China at present. The fauna of East Asia of this genus was known with 8 species categorized to 3 species groups:

Anemadus asperatus species-group (5 spp.): 1. A. nipponensis Perreau, 1996a (JAPAN, Honshu) [erected on the basis of 1♀] Anemadus smetanai species-group (2 spp.): 2. A. smetanai Růžička, 1999 (CHINA, Yunnan) [erected on the basis of 2♂♂4♀♀] 3. A. kabaki Perreau, 2009 (CHINA, Sichuan) [erected on the basis of 1♂1♀] Anemadus taiwanus species-group (5 spp.): 4. A. hubeiensis Perreau, 2004 (CHINA, Hubei) [erected on the basis of 1♂] 5. A. ruzickai Perreau, 2002 (CHINA, Sichuan) [erected on the basis of 1♂1♀] 6. A. schuelkei Perreau, 2002 (CHINA, Shaanxi) [erected on the basis of 2♂♂3♀♀] 7. A. taiwanus Perreau, 1996a (CHINA, Taiwan) [erected on the basis of 1♂1♀] 8. A. wolongianus Perreau, 1996b (CHINA, Sichuan) [erected on the basis of 1♂2♀♀]

282 Accepted by W. Hall: 7 Dec. 2015; published: 29 Jan. 2016 The genus Anemadus had only 7 species recorded hitherto in China and was thus a poorly studied group. They were also represented only by a few specimens (see content in square brackets of above checklist); the group appears to be rare and infrequently collected. In this paper, two new species are described and illustrated, namely A. perreaui sp. nov. and A. sichuanus sp. nov., both belong to the Anemadus taiwanus species-group and were collected from Baoxing, Sichuan Province in SW China. A key to all species of the group is compiled based on the version of Perreau (2002) and the modification includes of course the two new species.

Material and methods

Specimens were relaxed and softened in a hot saturated solution of potassium hydroxide for 4 minutes (for mounted dry specimens) or 8 minutes (for alcohol-preserved specimens), and then transferred to distilled water to rinse the residual potassium hydroxide off and stop any further bleaching. The softened specimens were moved into glycerin and dissected there to observe morphological details. After examination, the body parts were mounted on a plastic slip with Gum Arabic for future studies. Observation, drawing and measurement were performed using a Leica MZ APO stereomicroscope (magnification up to ×250) with a squared eyepiece graticule. Some microstructures were observed under Zeiss Axio Zoom.V16 motorized stereo zoom microscope (magnification up to ×270). Color photographs were taken with Zeiss AxioCam MRc 5 and the final deep focus images were created with the stacking software Helicon Focus 5.3. The program Adobe Photoshop® CS6 was used to make the line-art plates. The distribution map was downloaded from China Map Press (www.chinamap.com), and modified in Adobe Photoshop® CS6 based on examined materials and published records. The material examined for this study is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZ-CAS).

The following abbreviations are used for measurement in millimeters (mm):

AL (antennal length): length from the antennal base to its tip. BTW (basitarsal width): width of the widest portion of 1st protarsomere. EBL (Extended body length): summation of HL, PL, ELL and length of exposed scutellum, preventing the error introduced by exposed or retracted head. ELL (elytral length): length from the tail end of scutellum to the elytral apex. ELW (elytral width): width of the widest portion of two elytra closed together. EW (eye width): width of a single compound eye in dorsal view. HL (head length): axial length from the anterior apex of clypeus through the posterior margin of occipital carina. HW (head width): width of the widest portion of head (usually including eyes). PL (pronotal length): axial length of the pronotum. PW (pronotal width): width of the widest portion of pronotum. TW (tibial width): width of the widest portion of protibia (excluding spines along outer margin etc.).

Taxonomy

Genus Anemadus Reitter, 1885

Reitter, 1884: 58 (species included: acicularis, angusticollis, arcadius, graecus, incisipennis, maritimus, orchesioide, pellitus, pulchellus, strigosus, subcostatus, transversostriatus, vandalitiae); Jeannel, 1936: 198 (valid genus; characters; key to species); Giachino & Vailati, 1993: 62 (revision; phylogeny; key to species); Perreau, 2000: 41 (world catalog; 32 species).

Type species. Catops strigosus Kraatz, 1852, fixed by subsequent designation by Jeannel (1922: 41). Synonymy. Namadeus Jeannel, 1936: 203 (valid genus; species included: acicularis, anatolicus, creticus, cribratostriatus, graecus, leonhardi, macedo, pellitus; Type Species: Catops acicularis Kraatz, fixed by original designation); Giachino & Vailati, 1993: 62 (synonym with Anemadus).

Perreau, 2000: 46 (species included: taiwanus, wolongianus); Perreau, 2002: 46 (key to species).

Diagnosis. Small size compared to other congeners; protarsi weakly expanded and expansion of mesotarsi imperceptible; median lobe of aedeagus bifid, apical indentation wide or reduced to a simple incision longitudinally short (Perreau, 2002). Distribution. China (Distribution map as shown in Fig. 1).

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of the Anemadus taiwanus species-group.

Key to males of the Anemadus taiwanus species-group, modified based on Perreau (2002)

1 Aedeagus with narrow apical indentation, reduced to a simple incision longitudinally short ...... 2 - Aedeagus with wide and deep apical indentation ...... 3 2 Parameres shortly divergent at apex and about 1/6 longer than median lobe; median lobe parallel up to apical 1/4 and rounded at apex ...... A. schuelkei Perreau - Parameres convergent towards one another at apex and about 1/3 longer than median lobe; median lobe triangularly narrowed from middle to apex ...... A. taiwanus Perreau

284 · Zootaxa 4072 (2) © 2016 Magnolia Press WANG & ZHOU 3 Parameres and median lobe extremely thick in lateral view ...... A. hubeiensis Perreau - Parameres and median lobe normally thick for the genus in lateral view...... 4 4 Parameres shortly divergent at apex and about 1/3 longer than median lobe ...... 5 - Parameres expanded and subrounded at apex and about 1/8 longer than median lobe (Fig. 4H)...... A. sichuanus sp. nov. 5 Median lobe narrowed at middle; colour lighter, mostly yellowish brown ...... A. wolongianus Perreau - Median lobe not narrowed at middle; colour darker, mostly chestnut brown or dark brown ...... 6 6 Antennomere length of 2th/3th = 1.50; each paramere with 4 setae at apex, 1 inner and 3 outer...... A. ruzickai Perreau - Antennomere length of 2th/3th = 1.24; each paramere with 5 setae at apex, all inner (Figs. 3K&L)...... A. perreaui sp. nov.

Anemadus perreaui sp. nov. (Figs. 2A–D; 3A–L)

Type material. Holotype: CHINA, Sichuan: ♂, Baoxing, Ruobigou, 1630 m, Cyclobalanopsis forest, from fallen wood, 10.VIII.2003, Jie Wu leg. (IZ-CAS). Paratypes: 1♀, same data as holotype (IZ-CAS); 1♀, Baoxing, Ganyanggou, 2000 m, Cyclobalanopsis forest, from fallen wood, 9.VIII.2003, Jie Wu leg. (IZ-CAS). Description. Male. EBL: 3.00 mm. Length of different body parts: HL : AL : PL : ELL = 0.56 : 1.14 : 0.68 : 1.61 mm; width: HW : EW : PW : ELW = 0.70 : 0.12 : 1.16 : 1.42 mm. Proportion of antennomeres from base to tip in μm (length × width): 111 × 62, 147 × 50, 119 × 43, 74 × 42, 79 × 47, 64 × 51, 94 × 71, 41 × 68, 85 × 81, 83 × 89, 155 × 88. Habitus (Fig. 2A) elongated oval, regularly convex and sublustrous. Moderately pigmented: mostly chestnut brown; mouthparts, basal four or five antennomeres and apical half of ultimate antennomere, areas near hind corners of pronotum, elytral apices, and tarsi more or less yellowish. Dorsum continually covered with fine, recumbent, sallow pubescence. Insertions of pubescence on elytra aligned along transverse striolations. Head retractile, HW/HL = 1.24. Surface covered with strong round punctures, separated about 2.0–4.0 times of their diameter; interspaces smooth, without visable microsculpture. Clypeofrontal suture distinct. Clypeus trapezoidal, anterior margin almost straight. Compound eyes well developed, EW/HW = 0.12. Antennae (Fig. 3A) long and slender, AL/HW = 1.63; length of 2th/3th = 1.24; 8th asymmetrical, wider than long; 10th slightly wider than long; 11th elongated pear-like. Pronotum (Fig. 3D) transverse, widest at about basal 2/5, PW/PL = 1.69. Sides fairly curved, strongly narrowing forward but moderately and almost rectilinearly narrowing backward from widest; hind corners obtuse. Posterior edge slightly bisinuate. Surface covered with large and rough punctures, separated about 1.0–2.0 times of their diameter; interspaces smooth, without visable microsculpture. Postero-lateral impressions absent. Elytra oval, widest at about basal 3/8, ELL/EW = 1.13. Sides regularly curved, gradually narrowing from widest to apices; apices rounded (Fig. 3E). Sculpture of type «a» (sensu Giachino & Vailati, 1993): transverse striolations well-marked and irregular, longitudinal striae invisible. When immersed in glycerine, large primitive punctures visible within interior of cuticule, arranging into 8 irregular longitudinal rows (imperceptible in dry specimens) (Fig. 2D). Sutural striae present but inconspicuous. Interspaces of striolations with microtrichiae, aligning into ca. 5 transverse lines. Metathoracic wings fully developed. Prolegs slender, with basal three protarsomeres weakly expanded (Fig. 3B): TW/BTW = 1.49. Protibiae with outer margin almost straight, while inner margin slightly expanded around middle. Profemora wider than protibiae. Mesotibiae distinctly curved, expansion of basal two mesotarsomeres imperceptible. Metatibiae almost straight. Genital segment (Fig. 3G) as typical for the genus, tergite IX with a pair of setae long and strong, as well as several fine setae apically. Aedeagus with median lobe moderately wide, weakly and almost rectilinearly narrowed towards a bifid apex in dorsal view, apical indentation wide, deep and subtriangular, and both branches rounded at apex (Fig. 3H). Paramere constricted subapically, apex dentiform, pointing outwards and bearing 5 setae, their arrangement as shown in Figs. 3K&L. In lateral view, median lobe almost straight, parameres wide and rounded at apex (Fig. 3J). Endophallus of holotype everted, with a pair of spine rows on dorsal wall and a pair of large teeth pointing upwards at end (Figs. 3H–J). Female. Similar to male in general appearance (Figs. 2B&C), but can be distinguished from following characteristics: pro- and mesotarsi simply linear (Fig. 3C); ventrite VIII with spiculum ventrale short and subtriangularly narrowed anteriorly (Fig. 3F).

TWO NEW SPECIES OF ANEMADUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 4072 (2) © 2016 Magnolia Press · 285 FIGURE 2. Anemadus perreaui sp. nov.: A, habitus ♂ (dorsal view; Baoxing, Ruobigou); B, habitus ♀ (dorsal view; Baoxing, Ruobigou); C, habitus ♀ (dorsal view; Baoxing, Ganyanggou); D, right elytron ♂ (dorsal view; in glycerine). Anemadus sichuanus sp. nov. ♂: E, habitus ♂ (dorsal view; Baoxing, Pujigou); F, habitus ♀(dorsal view; Baoxing, Pujigou); G, right elytron ♂ (dorsal view; in glycerine). Scales: 1 mm.

Distribution. China (Sichuan). Etymology. The specific epithet is dedicated to Dr. Michel Perreau (Université Paris 7, Paris, France), a famous taxonomist on Leiodidae, for his excellent work on Chinese fauna and generous help to our study. Remarks. This new species well resembles A. ruzickai Perreau and A. wolongianus Perreau in general appearance and their type localities also with geographical proximity, but it is easily to distinguish it from the latter two by the combination of the following characteristics: antennomere length of 2th/3th = 1.24; aedeagus with median

286 · Zootaxa 4072 (2) © 2016 Magnolia Press WANG & ZHOU lobe moderately wide, weakly and almost rectilinearly narrowed towards apex when viewed dorsally, apical indentation wide, deep and subtriangular, and both branches rounded at apex; paramere constricted subapically, apex dentiform, pointing outwards when viewed dorsally, and wide and rounded at apex when viewed laterally; each paramere with 5 setae on inner margin of apex.

FIGURE 3. Anemadus perreaui sp. nov.: A, antenna ♂ (dorsal view); B, proleg ♂ (dorsal view); C, protarsus ♀ (dorsal view); D, pronotum ♂ (dorsal view); E, elytral apex ♂ (dorsoapical view); F, ventrite VIII ♀ (ventral view); G, genital segment ♂ (ventral view); H, aedeagus (dorsal view); I, aedeagus (ventral view); J, aedeagus (lateral view); K, apex of right paramere (dorsal view); L, apex of right paramere (lateral view). Scales: 0.1 mm.

Type material. Holotype: CHINA, Sichuan: ♂, Baoxing, Pujigou, 2400 m, forest of Manchurian walnut, from fallen wood, 11.VIII.2003, Jie Wu leg. (IZ-CAS). Paratypes: 1♀, same data as holotype (IZ-CAS). Description. Male. EBL: 3.32 mm. Length of different body parts: HL : AL : PL : ELL = 0.53 : 1.21 : 0.69 : 1.89 mm; width: HW : EW : PW : ELW = 0.68 : 0.07 : 1.13 : 1.33 mm. Proportion of antennomeres from base to tip in μm (length × width): 130 × 64, 152 × 51, 132 × 47, 82 × 40, 83 × 45, 60 × 53, 94 × 66, 44 × 64, 81 × 76, 84 × 78, 166 × 80. Habitus (Fig. 2E) elongated oval, regularly convex and sublustrous. Moderately pigmented: mostly chestnut brown; mouthparts, basal two antennomeres and apical half of ultimate antennomere, area near hind corners of pronotum, elytral apices, and tarsi more or less yellowish. Dorsum continually covered with fine, recumbent, sallow pubescence. Insertions of pubescence on elytra aligned along transverse striolations. Head retractile, HW/HL = 1.28. Surface covered with strong round punctures, separated about 1.5–3.0 times of their diameter. Clypeofrontal suture distinct. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin subrounded. Compound eyes well developed, EW/HW = 0.10. Antennae (Fig. 4A) very long and slender, AL/HW = 1.78; all antennomeres longer than wide except 8th; length of 2th/3th = 1.15; 11th rather long, pear-like. Pronotum (Fig. 4D) transverse, widest behind middle, PW/PL = 1.64. Sides fairly curved, strongly narrowing forward and moderately narrowing backward from widest; hind corners bluntly rounded and slightly protruded. Posterior edge slightly bisinuate. Surface covered with very large and rough punctures, separated about 0.5–2.0 times of their diameter, some of them even confluent; interspaces smooth, without visable microsculpture. Postero- lateral impressions absent. Elytra oval and very elongated, widest at about basal 1/3, ELL/EW = 1.42. Sides regularly curved, gradually narrowing from widest to apices; apices much narrowly rounded (Fig. 4E). Sculpture of type «a» (sensu Giachino & Vailati, 1993): transverse striolations well-marked and irregular, longitudinal striae invisible. When immersed in glycerine, large primitive punctures visible within interior of cuticule, arranging into 8 irregular longitudinal rows (imperceptible in dry specimens) (Fig. 2G). Sutural striae present but inconspicuous. Interspaces of striolations with microtrichiae, aligning into ca. 5 transverse lines. Metathoracic wings fully developed. Prolegs slender, with basal three protarsomeres weakly expanded (Fig. 4B): TW/BTW = 1.34. Protibiae with outer margin almost straight, while inner margin slightly expanded around middle. Profemora wider than protibiae. Mesotibiae distinctly curved, expansion of basal two mesotarsomeres imperceptible. Metatibiae straight. Genital segment (Fig. 4G) as typical for the genus, tergite IX with 4 setae long and strong, as well as several fine setae apically. Aedeagus with median lobe moderately wide, weakly widened to subapex and then narrowed towards a bifid apex in dorsal view (Fig. 4H), apical indentation deep but not very wide, and both branches obliquely truncated and subacute at apex. Paramere constricted subapically, apex expanded, subrounded and bearing 5 setae, their arrangement as shown in Figs. 4K&L. In lateral view, median lobe gently bent ventrad at apical part, parameres very wide and turned ventrad at apex (Fig. 4J). Endophallus of holotype everted, with a pair of spine rows on dorsal wall, abundant long spines at apical part, and a pair of large teeth pointing downwards at end (Figs. 4H–J). Female. Similar to male in general appearance (Fig. 2F), but can be distinguished from following characteristics: pro- and mesotarsi simply linear (Fig. 4C); ventrite VIII with spiculum ventrale short and subrounded anteriorly (Fig. 4F). Distribution. China (Sichuan). Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Chinese name (Pinyin) of the type locality “Sichuan”, a province in China. Remarks. This new species also closely allied to A. ruzickai Perreau, A. wolongianus Perreau, as well as A. perreaui sp. nov., but it is easily to distinguish it from the latter three by the combination of the following characteristics: antennomere length of 2th/3th = 1.15; aedeagus with median lobe moderately wide, weakly widened to subapex and then narrowed towards apex when viewed dorsally, apical indentation deep but not very wide, and both branches obliquely truncated and subacute at apex; paramere constricted subapically, apex expanded, subrounded when viewed dorsally, and very wide and turned ventrad at apex when viewed laterally; each paramere with 5 setae at apex, 3 inner and 2 outer.

288 · Zootaxa 4072 (2) © 2016 Magnolia Press WANG & ZHOU FIGURE 4. Anemadus sichuanus sp. nov.: A, antenna ♂ (dorsal view); B, proleg ♂ (dorsal view); C, protarsus ♀ (dorsal view); D, pronotum ♂ (dorsal view); E, elytral apex ♂ (dorsoapical view); F, ventrite VIII ♀ (ventral view); G, genital segment ♂ (ventral view); H, aedeagus (dorsal view); I, aedeagus (ventral view); J, aedeagus (lateral view); K, apex of right paramere (dorsal view); L, apex of right paramere (lateral view). Scales: 0.1 mm.

Discussion

Although Anemadus perreaui sp. nov. and A. sichuanus sp. nov. are erected on the basis of limited type series, it is

TWO NEW SPECIES OF ANEMADUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 4072 (2) © 2016 Magnolia Press · 289 not a problem at all to differentiate it from other congeners, given its distinctive aedeagal characters mentioned above. The first author is an insect-obsessed eccentric and the first Chinese researcher on the taxonomy of Leiodidae, which is one of the research objects he will dedicate his life to. Although the research material and funding within the scope of the current study are restricted, there is no doubt that he will try his best to collect more and more Anemadus specimens from China through different channels in the future.

Acknowledgements

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Michel Perreau (Université Paris 7, Paris, France) for critically reading the original draft and giving constructive advices to us. We are indebted to Yasuhiko Hayashi (Kawanishi, Japan), Alfred F. Newton (FMNH, Chicago, USA) and Jan Růžička (Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic) for their repeated help in our study. All the collectors mentioned in the text are acknowledged for their field work. We are grateful to two reviewers who provided constructive comments on previous versions of the manuscript. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC-31472036, NSFC-31272358, NSFC- J1210002), and a grant from the Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution of CAS (No. Y229YX5105).

References

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