DOCSLIB.ORG

The Latent Architecture of the Abrahamic Faiths

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Latent Architecture of the Abrahamic Faiths The Latent Architecture of the Abrahamic Faiths Mark W. Baechler, Dipl.Arch.Tech., B.Arch.S. A thesis submitted to the faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture (M.ARCH) Professional. Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Mark W. Baechler © 2006 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Library and Bibliotheque et Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 C anada C anada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-23317-7 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-23317-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont ete enleves de cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. i*i Canada Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Abstract As a means of designing Abrahamic architecture this thesis investigates the interconnections within the theological representation of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Throughout the development of Abrahamic religions the theologies of the faiths have been rendered in numerous communicative mediums. The sacred texts are the most predominate form of representation and they serve most often as the authoritative foundation of its various counterparts. The literary composition of the Torah, New Testament and Qur’an are discussed to reveal the underlying interpretive framework of the texts which encouraged the translation of Abrahamic theology into increasingly more connotative forms of imagery and architecture. Interwoven compositions of imagery and architecture found within the early remnants of the faiths are discussed as Allegorical spaces which reveal the theological and material dimensions of the Abrahamic universe. It is the latent architecture found within the Allegorical imagery of the Abrahamic faiths that shapes the reality of the faithful and informs a design philosophy from which Abrahamic architecture emerges. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The Lord bless you and keep you; the Lord make his face shine upon you and be gracious to you; the Lord turn his face toward you and give you peace. -Torah -Numbers 6:24-26 Understand, then, that those who believe are children of Abraham. The Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the gospel in advance to Abraham: “All nations will be blessed through you.” So those who have faith are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith. -New Testament -Galatians 3:7-9 In the creation of the heavens and the earth; in the alternation of the night and day; in the sailing of ships through the ocean for the benefit of mankind; in the water which Allah sends down from the sky and with which He revives the earth after its death, and dispersing over it all kinds of beasts; in the ordinance of the winds and clouds that are driven between earth and sky: are signs for people who understand. -Qur’an -Sura 2:164 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table of Contents List of Figures v List of Appendices ix Introduction 1 1.0 Abrahamic Sacred Texts:.................................................................................... 4 1.1 Northrop Frye: Language Framework 5 1.1.1 Poetic Language 6 1.1.2 Metonymic Language 8 1.1.3 Descriptive Language 12 1.2 Revelation Language 13 2.0 Allegory:................................................................................................................ 16 2.1 Torah -Numbers 20: 5-12 17 2.2 New Testament -Mark 4:3-20 19 2.3 Qur’an -Sura 2:26, Sura 24:35 22 3.0 Abrahamic Imagery:............................................................................................ 25 3.1 Jewish Imagery 25 3.2 Christian Imagery 29 3.3 Islamic Imagery 36 4.0 Allegorical Space:................................................................................................ 42 4.1 The Latent Architecture of the Abrahamic Faiths 42 4.2 Dura-Europos Synagogue 43 4.2.1 Allegorical Space of the Prayer Hall 52 4.2.2 Representation of Allegorical Space 62 4.3 Dura-Europos House church 63 4.3.1 Allegorical Space of the Baptistery 66 4.3.2 Representation of Allegorical Space 66 4.4 Ka’ba 69 4.4.1 Allegorical space of the Ka’ba 73 4.4.2 Representation of Allegorical Space 74 5.0 Abrahamic Space: ............................................................................................... 77 5.1 Abrahamic Theological Space 77 5.2 Santa Maria la Blanca (Saint Mary the White) Synagogue/ Church 78 and Transito (or Prince’s) Synagogue/ Church 5.3 El Cristo de la Luz (Christ of the light) Mosque/ Church 84 5.4 Ayasofya (Hagia Sophia) Church/ Mosque 86 6.0 Abrahamic Architecture:..................................................................................... 102 6.1 Mar Elias University 102 6.2 Architectural Representation of Abrahamic Allegorical Space 107 Appendices 120 Bibliography 158 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. List of Figures Figure Number: Description: 1 The Well of the Wilderness: Moses Gives Water to the Twelve Tribes. Image from Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period. Erwin R. Goodenough, (New York: Bollingen Foundation, 1964). 2 Imagery of the Callistus Catacomb. Image from The Invisible God. Paul Finney, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994). 3 Moses Receiving the Law. Image from Early Medieval Bible Illumination and the Ashburnham Pentateuch. Dorothy Verkerk, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004). 4 Kufic Calligraphy Illumination of Sura 1, or “The Opening”. Image from Islamic Art and Spirituality. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987). 5 Qur’anic Revelation within Dome at the Alhambra, Granada, Spain. (M. Baechler). 6 Dura-Europos Arial Image and Archeological Urban Plan. Image from Dura-Europos and its Art. M. Rostovtzeff, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1938). 7 Excavation of Dura-Europos Synagogue. Images from The Synagogue. Carl H. Kraeling, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979). 8 Urban Block Plan of the Dura-Europos Synagogue. Image from The Synagogue. Carl H. Kraeling, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979). 9 Reconstructed Plan of First Renovation and Field Plan of the Dura- Europos Synagogue. Images from The Synagogue. By Carl H. Kraeling, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979). 10 Reconstructed Plan of Second Renovation of the Dura-Europos Synagogue. Image from The Synagogue. Carl H. Kraeling, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979). 11 Reconstructed Sections of First and Second Renovation of the Dura- Europos Synagogue. Images from The Synagogue. Carl H. Kraeling, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979). 12 Aedicula and Torah niche of the Dura-Europos Synagogue. Image from The Synagogue. Carl H. Kraeling, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979). v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 13 Allegorical Imagery of the Dura-Europos Synagogue. Image from Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period. Erwin R. Goodenough, (New York: Bollingen Foundation, 1964). 14 Reconstructed Image of the Tree of Life. Image from The Synagogue. Carl H. Kraeling, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979). 15 Moses, Abraham and Samuel. Image from Jewish Symbols in the Greco- Roman Period. Erwin R. Goodenough, (New York: Bollingen Foundation, 1964). 16 Aaron and the priests at the Temple or Tabernacle. Image from Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period. Erwin R. Goodenough, (New York: Bollingen Foundation, 1964). 17 Moses Discovered in the Nile River. Image from Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period. Erwin R. Goodenough, (New York: Bollingen Foundation, 1964). 18 Allegorical Space of the Dura-Europos Synogogue. (M. Baechler). 19 Reconstructed Plan of original
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Review and Updated Checklist of Freshwater Fishes of Iran: Taxonomy, Distribution and Conservation Status
    Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2017), 4(Suppl. 1): 1–114 Received: October 18, 2016 © 2017 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: February 30, 2017 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: 10.7508/iji.2017 http://www.ijichthyol.org Review and updated checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran: Taxonomy, distribution and conservation status Hamid Reza ESMAEILI1*, Hamidreza MEHRABAN1, Keivan ABBASI2, Yazdan KEIVANY3, Brian W. COAD4 1Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center. Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Bandar Anzali, Iran 3Department of Natural Resources (Fisheries Division), Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran 4Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6P4 Canada *Email: [email protected] Abstract: This checklist aims to reviews and summarize the results of the systematic and zoogeographical research on the Iranian inland ichthyofauna that has been carried out for more than 200 years. Since the work of J.J. Heckel (1846-1849), the number of valid species has increased significantly and the systematic status of many of the species has changed, and reorganization and updating of the published information has become essential. Here we take the opportunity to provide a new and updated checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran based on literature and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history and new fish collections. This article lists 288 species in 107 genera, 28 families, 22 orders and 3 classes reported from different Iranian basins. However, presence of 23 reported species in Iranian waters needs confirmation by specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • If Angels Do Not Have a Gender Then How Come They Have Boys Names?
    If angels do not have a gender then how come they have boys names? It is true that we believe that angels do not have gender. Angels unlike human beings are pure spirit. This is why when people say that a human being has become an angel in heaven that is incorrect. Any human being in heaven is a saint. It is true that human beings until the resurrection of the dead while in heaven only contain their spiritual nature. But when Christ comes again, and the resurrection of the dead occurs at that moment human beings will become complete joining the physical and spiritual together in heaven. Hence, angels and human beings are not simply a different species they are different order of creation. As such angels can never become human and humans can never become angels. But when angels have been revealed to human beings, they taken on the appearance of somewhat human form. They did this in order for human beings to be able to comprehend the message that is being given to them from God. The word angel means messenger. And each angel has a specific function to perform based on their rank. There are nine ranks of angels: Seraphim, Cherubim, Thrones, Dominions, Virtues, Powers, Principalities, Archangels and Angels. Seraphim are caretakers to the throne of God and lead the worship of God in heaven. Cherubim guard the tree of life and the throne of God. Thrones are living symbols of God’s justice and authority and listening to the will of God present the prayers of human beings to Him.
    [Show full text]
  • Angelology Angelology
    Christian Angelology Angelology Introduction Why study Angels? They teach us about God As part of God’s creation, to study them is to study why God created the way he did. In looking at angels we can see God’s designs for his creation, which tells us something about God himself. They teach us about ourselves We share many similar qualities to the angels. We also have several differences due to them being spiritual beings. In looking at these similarities and differences we can learn more about the ways God created humanity. In looking at angels we can avoid “angelic fallacies” which attempt to turn men into angels. They are fascinating! Humans tend to be drawn to the supernatural. Spiritual beings such as angels hit something inside of us that desires to “return to Eden” in the sense of wanting to reconnect ourselves to the spiritual world. They are different, and different is interesting to us. Fr. J. Wesley Evans 1 Christian Angelology Angels in the Christian Worldview Traditional Societies/World of the Bible Post-Enlightenment Worldview Higher Reality God, gods, ultimate forces like karma and God (sometimes a “blind watchmaker”) fate [Religion - Private] Middle World Lesser spirits (Angels/Demons), [none] demigods, magic Earthly Reality Human social order and community, the Humanity, Animals, Birds, Plants, as natural world as a relational concept of individuals and as technical animals, plants, ect. classifications [Science - Public] -Adapted from Heibert, “The Flaw of the Excluded Middle” Existence of Angels Revelation: God has revealed their creation to us in scripture. Experience: People from across cultures and specifically Christians, have attested to the reality of spirits both good and bad.
    [Show full text]
  • Fl Begiltlteri Fiuide Tu
    flBegiltlteri fiuidetu Iullrtru rtln g Ifl |jll lve rre Iheffiuthemuticul flrchetgpBrnfllnttlre, frt,rlld Icience [|lrttnrrI ftttnn[tR HARPTFI NEW Y ORK LO NDON TORONTO SYDNEY Tomy parents, SaIIyand Leonard, for theirendless loae, guidance,snd encouragement. A universal beauty showed its face; T'heinvisible deep-fraught significances, F1eresheltered behind form's insensible screen, t]ncovered to him their deathless harmony And the key to the wonder-book of common things. In their uniting law stood up revealed T'hemultiple measures of the uplifting force, T'helines of tl'reWorld-Geometer's technique, J'he enchantments that uphold the cosmic rveb And the magic underlving simple shapes. -Sri AurobitrdoGhose (7872-1950, Irrdinnspiritunl {uide, pttet ) Number is the within of all things. -Attributctl to Ptlfltngorus(c. 580-500s.c., Gre ek Tililosopther nrr d rtuttI rc nut t ic inn ) f'he earth is rude, silent, incomprehensibie at first, nature is incomprehensible at first, Be not discouraged, keep on, there are dir.ine things well errvelop'd, I swear to vou there are dirrine beings more beautiful than words can tell. -Wnlt Whitmm fl819-1892,Americnn noet) Flducation is the irrstruction of the intellect in the laws of Nature, under which name I include not merely things and their forces,but men and their ways; and the fashioning of the affections and of the r,t'ill into an earnest and loving desire to move in harmony with those laws. -Thomas Henry Huxley (1 B 25-1 Bg 5, Ett glislth iolo gis t) Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi GEOMETRY AND THE QUEST FOR REALITY BY JOHN MICHELL xiii INTRODUCTION xvii MONAD WHOLLY ONE 2 DYAD IT TAKES TWO TO TANGO 21 3 TRIAD THREE-PART HARMONY 38 4 TETRAD MOTHER SUBSTANCE 60 5 PENTAD REGENERATION 96 6 HEXAD STRUCTURE-FUNCTION-ORDER 178 7 HEPTAD ENCHANTING VIRGIN 221 8 OCTAD PERIODIC RENEWAL 267 9 ENNE AD THE HORIZON 301 10 DECAD BEYOND NUMBER 323 EPILOGUE NOW THAT YOU'VE CONSTRUCTED THE UNIVERSE ..
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Religions Centenary Message from Hadhrat Khalifatul Masih IV
    Contents November 2002, Vol.97, No.11 Centenary Message from Hadhrat Ameerul Momineen . 2 Editorial – Mansoor Shah . 3 Review of Religions: A 100 Year History of the Magazine . 7 A yearning to propogate the truth on an interntional scale. 7 Revelation concerning a great revolution in western countries . 8 A magazine for Europe and America . 9 The decision to publish the Review of Religions . 11 Ciculation of the magazine . 14 A unique sign of the holy spirit and spiritual guidance of the Messiah of the age. 14 Promised Messiah’s(as) moving message to the faithful members of the Community . 15 The First Golden Phase: January 1902-May 1908. 19 The Second Phase; May 1908-March 1914 . 28 Third Phase: March 1914-1947 . 32 The Fourth Phase: December 1951-November 1965. 46 The Fifth Phase: November 1965- June 1982 . 48 The Sixth Phase: June 1982-2002 . 48 Management and Board of Editors. 52 The Revolutionary articles by Hadhrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad. 56 Bright Future. 58 Unity v. Trinity – part II - The Divinity of Jesus (as) considered with reference to the extent of his mission - Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (as) . 60 Chief Editor and Manager Chairman of the Management Board Mansoor Ahmed Shah Naseer Ahmad Qamar Basit Ahmad. Bockarie Tommy Kallon Special contributors: All correspondence should Daud Mahmood Khan Amatul-Hadi Ahmad be forwarded directly to: Farina Qureshi Fareed Ahmad The Editor Fazal Ahmad Proof-reader: Review of Religions Shaukia Mir Fauzia Bajwa The London Mosque Mansoor Saqi Design and layout: 16 Gressenhall Road Mahmood Hanif Tanveer Khokhar London, SW18 5QL Mansoora Hyder-Muneeb United Kingdom Navida Shahid Publisher: Al Shirkatul Islamiyyah © Islamic Publications, 2002 Sarah Waseem ISSN No: 0034-6721 Saleem Ahmad Malik Distribution: Tanveer Khokhar Muhammad Hanif Views expressed in this publication are not necessarily the opinions of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.
    [Show full text]
  • The Image of God in Pauline Preaching
    Leaven Volume 16 Issue 2 Creation and New Creation Article 8 1-1-2008 The Image of God in Pauline Preaching Jeffrey Peterson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/leaven Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, Christianity Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Peterson, Jeffrey (2008) "The Image of God in Pauline Preaching," Leaven: Vol. 16 : Iss. 2 , Article 8. Available at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/leaven/vol16/iss2/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Religion at Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Leaven by an authorized editor of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Peterson: The Image of God in Pauline Preaching The Image of God in Pauline Preaching JEFFREY PETERSON he image (eikon) of God is a motif that appears only a few times in Paul's letters; if we judged by frequency of occurrence, we would suppose that it was a minor element in his theology.' To Tconclude thus, however, would be "the substitution of counting for thinking," a fault that Austin Farrer observed even in eminent students of the New Testament.! We can better appreciate the importance of the image of God in Paul's theology when we observe that the contexts in which it appears allude to the instruction preparing converts for baptism that Paul employed in forming messianic communities "from Jerusalem and around as far as Illyricum" (Rom 15.19).3 Seen in the context of his missionary catechesis and his converts' initiation, Paul's appropriation of "the image of God" and related motifs from Gen l.26-28 (and also 5.1-3) expresses fundamental convictions and hopes of believers in Christ.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mystical Way of Images and Choice
    THE MYSTICAL WAY OF IMAGES AND CHOICE Annemiek van Campen tASTERN CULTUREAND LIFE-STYLES are in fashion today. The East-- E rand in particular the Buddhism practised in Tibet and Japan-- evokes the esoteric, the mysterious, the mystical. It inspires decorators, cooks and bank-managers. Many people attend Zen courses. One can almost speak of the birth of a Western Zen Buddhism, marked by a striking emphasis on simplicity, on emptiness, on not-thinking. Buddhist-Christian dialogue takes on something of the same quality. It seems to centre on the concepts of 'emptiness', 'quiet' and 'non- being'--concepts that seem to attract and intrigue people today. There are indeed Christian mystics who have experienced God as 'non- being'; classic examples are Meister Eckhart, Jan van Ruusbroec and John of the Cross. Their writings are a major resource for the Christian side in this dialogue. They speak of their experience of God's utter reality in terms of not knowing and of negativity. They are constantly saying that God is 'not this' and also 'not that'; for them God surpasses all that is definite or definable. Ignatius Loyola does not normally appear in this company. In Buddhist-Christian dialogue, he seems to have nothing to say. One reason for this is that Ignatius' mystical life has often been misunderstood, as many of the other essays in this collection illustrate. Another is that he makes such abundant use of the imagination in the Spiritual Exercises; his spirituality seems to stress a this-worldly choice ('election'). Such use of the imagination in the process of learning about God is therefore quite different from a non-thinking and imageless approach to the Unknowable.
    [Show full text]
  • St. Michael the Archangel Defends Us PRAYER BOARD ACTIVITY
    SEPTEMBER Activity 6 St. Michael the Archangel Defends Us PRAYER BOARD ACTIVITY Age level: All ages Recommended time: 10 minutes What you need: St. Michael the Archangel Defends Us (page 158 in the students' activity book), SophiaOnline.org/StMichaeltheArchangel (optional), colored pencils and/or markers, and scissors Activity A. Explain to your students that we have been learning that the Devil and his fallen angels tempt us to sin. We can pray a special, very powerful prayer to St. Michael to help us combat these evil spirits. St. Michael is not a saint, but an archangel. The archangels are leaders of the other angels. According to both Scripture and Catholic Tradition, St. Michael is the leader of the army of God. He is often shown in paintings and iconography in a scene from the book of Revelation, where he and his angels battle the dragon. He is the patron of soldiers, policemen, and doctors. B. Have your students turn to St. Michael the Archangel Defends Us (page 158 in the students' activity book) and pray together the prayer to St. Michael the Archangel. You may wish to play a sung version of the prayer, which you can find at SophiaOnline.org/StMichaeltheArchangel. C. Finally, have your students color in the St. Michael shield and attach it to their prayer boards. © SOPHIA INSTITUTE PRESS St. Michael the Archangel Defends Us St. Michael the Archangel protects us against danger and the Devil. He is our defense and our shield and the Church has given us a special prayer so that we can ask him for help.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chaplet of St. Michael
    The Chaplet of St. Michael O God, come to my assistance. O Lord, make haste to help me. Glory be to the Father, etc. 1. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Seraphim may the Lord make us worthy to burn with the fire of perfect charity. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 2. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Cherubim may the Lord grant us the grace to leave the ways of sin and run in the paths of Christian perfection. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 3. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Thrones may the Lord infuse into our hearts a true and sincere spirit of humility. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 4. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Dominations may the Lord give us grace to govern our senses and overcome any unruly passions. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 5. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Virtues may the Lord preserve us from evil and falling into temptation. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 6. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Powers may the Lord protect our souls against the snares and temptations of the devil. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 7. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Principalities may God fill our souls with a true spirit of obedience. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 8.
    [Show full text]
  • The Psalms Psalm 19 Sequence • Finding the Psalms
    !1 of 6! SCHOOL OF THE WORD www.tarsus.ie The Psalms Psalm 19 Sequence • Finding the Psalms • Numbering the Psalms • Patterns in the Psalter • Enjoying a Psalm • Making links: OT and NT • Back to the Psalm • Use in the lectionary Finding the Psalms • In the Bible, between Job and Proverbs • There are 150 Psalms, in five “collections” • Each collection has a conventional closure / ending • Psalm 1 - a great opening • Psalm 150 - a resounding conclusion Numbering the Psalms Hebrew Numbering Greek and Latin Numbering 1-8 1-8 9-10 9 11-113 10-112 114-115 113 116 114-115 117-146 116-145 147 146-147 148-150 148-150 Most Bibles Liturgical Numbering Patterns in the Psalter • The Davidic Psalms (3–41, 51–71) • The Asaph Psalms (50, 73–83) • The Psalms of the Sons of Korah (42, 44–49, 84–85, 87–88) • The Psalms of Ascents (120–134) • The Hallel Psalms (113–118, 146–150) • The ‘YHWH is King’ Psalms (47, 93, 96–99) • Currently, five “books”, each ending with a doxology • Pss 1-41 (41:13); 42-72 (72:18-19); 73-89 (89:52); 90-106 (106:48); 107-150 (150) Ps 41:13 Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, from everlasting to everlasting. Amen and Amen. Ps 72:18 Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, who alone does wondrous things. 19 Blessed be his glorious name forever; !2 of 6! may his glory fill the whole earth. Amen and Amen. Ps 89:52 Blessed be the Lord forever.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critical Analysis of Thomas Aquinas's Doctrine of the Image Of
    Damascus University Journal, Vol. 19, No. (3+4), 2003 Sawsan M. Al- Bitar A Critical Analysis of Thomas Aquinas’s Doctrine of the Image of God Dr. Sawsan M. Al- Bitar * Abstract The basic issues of our time concern the spiritual substance of a free society, as it has historically derived from the central Christian concept of the image of God. However, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the meaning of the image of God, and examine this doctrine under two rubrics: natural theology and divine revelation. Such an analytical study would, mainly, rely on the Biblical texts and the Christian literature of the Church Fathers, besides the basic works of St. Thomas Aquinas and other theologians such as John of Damascus, Athanasius, Augustine and Pseudo- Didnysius. *Philosophy Department. Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Damascus University. 17 A Critical Analysis of Thomas Aquinas’s Doctrine of the Image of God Of all the doctrines of St. Thomas Aquinas, there is perhaps none whose present- day significance is greater than that of his teaching that man was made after the image of God. As the late John Courtney Murray put it, “ the basic issues of our time concern the spiritual substance of a free society, as it has historically derived from the central Christian concept, res sacra homo” (We hold These Truths, 1964) . And res sacra homo is another Latin term for imago Dei . Although the doctrine had occupied the attention of Christian thinkers since the days of the Church Fathers, there was by no means a consensus about its meaning.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Belt Slowly Coming Together
    Kemano, Kemano, Kemano She loved the outdoors 1 I Bountiful harvest Reaction to the death of the ~ Vicki Kryklywyj, the heart and soul / /Northern B.C, Winter Games project keeps rolling in by,fax, mail of local hikers, is / / athletes cleaned up in Williams,, and personal delivery/NEWS A5 : remembered/COMMUNITY B1 j /Lake this year/SPORTS Cl I • i! ':i % WEDNESDAY FEBROARY 151 1995 I'ANDAR. /iiii ¸ :¸!ilii if!// 0 re n d a t i p of u n kn own ice b e rg" LIKE ALL deals in the world of tion Corp. effective April 30, the That title is still held by original "They've phoned us and have and the majority of its services, lulose for its Prince Rupert pulp high finance, the proposed amal- transfer of Orenda's forest licorice owners Avenor Inc. of Montreal requested a meeting but there's induding steam and effluent mill for the next two years. gamation of Orenda Forest Pro- must be approved by the provin- and a group of American newspa- been no confirmation of a time treaUnent, are tied to the latter. Even should all of the Orenda duels with a mostly American cial government. per companies. for that meeting," said Archer Avenor also owns and controls pulp fibre end up at Gold River, it company is more complicated There's growing opposition to The partuership built the mill in official Norman Lord from docking facilities and a chipper at still will fall short of the 5130,000 than it first seems. the move to take wood from the the late 1980s but dosed it in the Montreal last week.
    [Show full text]