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Determination of Weed Species and Density Seen on the Bank of Irrigation Canals in Kahramanmaraş Province of the Mediterranean Region

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Determination of Weed Species and Density Seen on the Bank of Irrigation Canals in Kahramanmaraş Province of the Mediterranean Region See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321874232 DETERMINATION OF WEED SPECIES AND DENSITY SEEN ON THE BANK OF IRRIGATION CANALS IN KAHRAMANMARAŞ PROVINCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION Article · August 2017 CITATIONS READS 0 16 2 authors: Tamer Üstüner Fırat Arslan Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University 35 PUBLICATIONS 39 CITATIONS 12 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: KSÜ Agriculture Faculty with ADANA METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY View project Infection Severity of Semi Parasite Species on Hosts in East Mediterranean Region of Turkey View project All content following this page was uploaded by Tamer Üstüner on 18 December 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LX, 2017 in Albeluvisol. Žemdirbystė (Agriculture) 99(4): Thomas L.K., 1979. Distribution and ecology of Sida ISSN 2285-5785; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5793; ISSN Online 2285-5807; ISSN-L 2285-5785 357–362. hermaphrodita. A rare plant species. Bartonia 46, Stolarski M.J., Krzyzaniak M., Snieg M., Slominska E., 51-59. DETERMINATION OF WEED SPECIES AND DENSITY SEEN Piórkowski M., Filipkowski R., 2014. Teleuţă A., Ţîţei V., 2016. Mobilization, acclimatization ON THE BANK OF IRRIGATION CANALS IN KAHRAMANMARAŞ Thermophysical and chemical properties of and use of fodder and energy crops. Journal of perennial energy crops depending on harvest period. Botany. 2016, 1(12), 112-120. PROVINCE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION Int. Agrophys., 28, 201-211. Ţîţei V., 2015. Promising perennial plant species for Tarkowski A., Truchliński J., 2011. Nutritional value of bioenergy production in the Republic of Moldova. Tamer ÜSTÜNER1, Firat ARSLAN2 Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby) Journal of Botany, 2(11): 127-131. protein in evaluation of nitrogen fertilization effect SM 108:1995, 1996. Siloz din plante verzi. Condiţii 1 on environment. New Medicine, 15(1), 8-11 tehnice. Moldovastandart. 10. Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University of Plant Protection, 46100 Kahramanmaras, Turkey 2 Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University of Biosystem Engineering, 46100 Kahramanmaras, Turkey Corresponding author email: [email protected] Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the density of weed species seen around irrigation canals located in the district of Kahramanmaraş was made during the 2016 vegetation period of the species. This study caried out along the bank of irrigation channals in order to determine density of weed species in 8 district of Kahramanmaraş (Onikişubat, Dulkadiroğlu, Afşin, Andırın, Elbistan, Göksun, Pazarcık and Türkoğlu). The study was not conducted in Çağlayancerit, Nurhak and Ekinözü because lack of suitable agricultural plains and absense of irrigation channals. 31 different weed species belonging to 145 families were identified as far as studies in open channals in Kahramanmaraş. On average, 103.64 units/m2 of weed has fallen in the square meter in the region. The district with the highest weed density is Onikişubat district (124.64 units/m2). This was followed by Dulkadiroğlu (115.79), Göksun (110.10), Pazarcık (108.49 units/m2), Türkoğlu (105.08 units/m2), Andırın (104.92), Elbistan (81.87 units/m2) and Afşin (78.26 units/m2), respectively. In the study area, 1 of the weed species is fern (Pterydophyta), 29 of them are monocotyledone, and 115 are dicotyledone. Some weed species, which are detected intensively in the area, are; Bromus varvensis (9.17), Cynodon dactylon (8.56), Agropyron repens (8.48), Alopecurus myosuroides (8.35), Papaver rhoeas (8.06), Matricaria chamomilla (7.00), Sorghum halepense (6.63), Phragmites australis (5.37), Dactylis glomerata (2.96), Amaranthus retroflexus (2.90) and Avena sterilis (2.85). Off irrigation channals are only used in Onikişubat, Dulkadiroğlu and Türkoğlu districts agriculture areas. 62 weed species belonging to 18 families were determined according to mean of these districts where overall weed species intensity is 35.315 per m2. Agropyron repen, C. dactylon, Alopecurus myosuroides, Bromus arvensis, Avena sterilis, Setaria verticillata, Dactylis glomerata, Matricaria chamomilla are intensive weed species (mean weed number 1-10 per m2) in those districts were determined. Key words: irrigation channal, weed species, intensity. INTRODUCTION In the irrigation channels of weeds which are a problem in cotton, corn and soybean cultivation areas in Çukurova region and Harran plain. The area that can be economically irrigated in These weed species are; Physalis spp., Cyperus Turkey is 8.5 million hectares. As of the end of 2014, a total of 6.09 million hectares were rotundus, Prosopis farcta, Convolvulus irrigated (Anonymous, 2014a). In order to arvensis, Xanthium strumarium, Cynodon dactylon. Weed species spreading through prevent the loss of yield and quality in irrigation channels in the Aegean region; agricultural products, it is absolutely necessary to struggle with weeds, diseases and harmful. If Physalis alkekengi, Matricaria chamomilla, there is no the struggle, the harvested product Silybum marianum, Melilotus officinalis, yield and quality loss can be 100%. According Cynodon dactylon, Sorghum halepense, to a study by Rao (2000), 45% of the crop Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus and Rumex crispus (Gönen, 1999; Güncan, losses in agricultural production are from 2002; Erbas and Dogan, 2015; Bükün, 2001; weeds, 30% from insects, 20% from diseases Tetik, 2010). and 5% from other plant mites. Worldwide, in this work, irrigation channels Many studies in Turkey have reported that carried by rivers or irrigation water in agri- irrigation water is important in spreading weeds cultural areas and weed species reaching and that many weed species are carried to vineyards, gardens and fields are generally irrigation channels and agricultural areas. hydrophytes. These weed species can be 541 transported at distances with irrigation water. the frame to represent the region in question. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The weeds species are determined 145. These 1 These weed species include Capsella bursa- The number of siblings and the number of Pterydophyta, 29 of them monocotyledone, and pastoris (L.) Medik., Cyperus rotundus L., individuals in broad leaves were counted from The weed species identified in the surveys 115 of them were dicotyledone. In the Paspalum paspaloides (Michx.) Schrib., foreign grasses in narrow foliage. The Turkish conducted during irrigation channels in the Kahramanmaras area, we found that weeds Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Sorgum names of the weeds identified in Uluğ et al. vegetation area of Kahramanmaras region in weighed 103.64 (unit/m2) on average per halepense (L.) Pers., Portulaca oleracea, (1993) and Anonymous (2014 b) are mentioned the period of 2016 vegetation were classified square meter. While weed density (124.64 pcs Myriophyllum aquaticum, Azolla filiculoides, in the findings. Herbarium samples were taken according to their families. A total of 31 m-2) was highest in Onikisubat province, it was Eichhornia crassipes, Lemna gibba, from the unidentified weeds during the survey different families were identified in the region. highest in Dulkadiroglu (11.79pcs m-2), Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton and then identified in the Herbology These families: (Leguminosae), Geraniaceae Göksun (110.10 plant m-2), Pazarcık (108.49 pectinatus and Lactobacillus spp., Spyrogira Laboratory of the Plant Protection Department (Leguminosae), Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas pcs / 08 plant m-2), Andırın (104.92 plant m-2), spp. (Wilson, 1980; Dastgheib, 1989; Saavedra of the KSU Faculty of Agriculture. Water spp., Labiatae (Lamiaceae), Malvaceae, Elbistan (81.87 plant m-2) and Afşin (78.26 et al., 1990; Ferrero and Maggiore, 1992; Rojas weeds, which cannot be identified in nature as a Papaveraceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygonaceae, plant m-2) (Figure 1). The results of surveys and Agüero, 1996; Moreira 1998; Riis et al., source in weed species diagnostics, have been Portulacaceae, Primulaceae, Ranunculaceae, carried out in 8 districts representing 2001; Masaaki et al., 2002; Boedeltje et al., identified using Altınayar (1988) "Water Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae Kahramanmaras region were evaluated 2004; Jansson et al., 2005; Merritt and Wohl, Weeds" and Davis, (1975) "Flora of Turkey" (Scrophyllaceae), Solanaceae and separately. 2006). books. In the case of weed density Güncan, Zygophyhllaceae. Since weed density is high during irrigation 2001); channels of Kahramanmaras agricultural area Density = calculated by formula B/n and there is no further study in this area. The Where, aim of this study is to determination the species B = total number of individuals in the sample, and density of weed species found in irrigation n = number of samples channels in Kahramanmaras province. As suggested by Üstüner and Güncan (2002), the weed density scale is used as follows; MATERIALS AND METHODS Density scale; A. Very dense (average> 10) Survey work was conducted in the districts of B. Intensive (average 1-10) Kahramanmaras region (Onikisubat, C. Mid intensive (average 0.1-1) Dulkadiroglu, Afşın, Andırın, Çaglayancerit, D. Intensive (average 0.01 to 1) Ekinözü, Elbistan, Göksun, Nurhak, Pazarcık E. Rare (average less than 0.01) Figure 1. Determination of weed density by 1 m2 frame on irrigation canal edge and Türkoglu). By the reason the fact that there The surveys
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