The Height of Lunar Features
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January 2019 Cardanus & Krafft
A PUBLICATION OF THE LUNAR SECTION OF THE A.L.P.O. EDITED BY: Wayne Bailey [email protected] 17 Autumn Lane, Sewell, NJ 08080 RECENT BACK ISSUES: http://moon.scopesandscapes.com/tlo_back.html FEATURE OF THE MONTH – JANUARY 2019 CARDANUS & KRAFFT Sketch and text by Robert H. Hays, Jr. - Worth, Illinois, USA September 24, 2018 04:40-05:04 UT, 15 cm refl, 170x, seeing 7/10, transparence 6/6. I drew these craters and vicinity on the night of Sept. 23/24, 2018. The moon was about 22 hours before full. This area is in far western Oceanus Procellarum, and was favorably placed for observation that night. Cardanus is the southern one of this pair and is of moderate depth. Krafft to the north is practically identical in size, and is perhaps slightly deeper. Neither crater has a central peak. Several small craters are near and within Krafft. The crater just outside the southeast rim of Krafft is Krafft E, and Krafft C is nearby within Krafft. The small pit to the west is Krafft K, and Krafft D is between Krafft and Cardanus. Krafft C, D and E are similar sized, but K is smaller than these. A triangular-shaped swelling protrudes from the north side of Krafft. The tiny pit, even smaller than Krafft K, east of Cardanus is Cardanus E. There is a dusky area along the southwest side of Cardanus. Two short dark strips in this area may be part of the broken ring Cardanus R as shown on the. Lunar Quadrant map. -
Moon Viewing Guide
MMoooonn MMaapp What lunar features can you find? Use this Moon Map & Viewing Guide to explore different areas of the Moon - no binoculars needed! MMoooonn VViieewwiinngg GGuuiiddee A quick look at the Moon in the night sky – even without binoculars - shows light areas and dark areas that reveal lunar history. Can you find these features? Use the Moon Map (above) to help. Sea of Tranquility (Mare Tanquilitatus) – Formed when a giant t! nd I asteroid hit the Moon almost 4 billion years ago, this 500-mile wide Fou dark, smooth, circular basin is the site of the Apollo 11 landing in 1969. Sea of Rains (Mare Imbrium) – Imbrium Basin is the largest t! nd I basin on the Moon that was formed by a giant asteroid almost 4 Fou billion years ago. Sea of Serenity (Mare Serenitatis) – Apollo 17 astronauts t! sampled some of the oldest rocks on the Moon from edges of nd I Fou the Sea of Serenity. These ancient rocks formed in the Moon’s magma ocean. Lunar Highlands – The lighter areas on the Moon are the lunar t! highlands. These are the oldest regions on the Moon; they formed nd I Fou from the magma ocean. Because they are so old, they have been hit by impact craters many times, making the highlands very rough. Want an extra challenge? If you have a telescope or pair of binoculars, try finding these features: Appenine Mountains (Montes Apenninus) – Did you know there are mountain ranges on the Moon? The rims of the craters and t! nd I basins rise high above the Moon’s surface. -
Glossary of Lunar Terminology
Glossary of Lunar Terminology albedo A measure of the reflectivity of the Moon's gabbro A coarse crystalline rock, often found in the visible surface. The Moon's albedo averages 0.07, which lunar highlands, containing plagioclase and pyroxene. means that its surface reflects, on average, 7% of the Anorthositic gabbros contain 65-78% calcium feldspar. light falling on it. gardening The process by which the Moon's surface is anorthosite A coarse-grained rock, largely composed of mixed with deeper layers, mainly as a result of meteor calcium feldspar, common on the Moon. itic bombardment. basalt A type of fine-grained volcanic rock containing ghost crater (ruined crater) The faint outline that remains the minerals pyroxene and plagioclase (calcium of a lunar crater that has been largely erased by some feldspar). Mare basalts are rich in iron and titanium, later action, usually lava flooding. while highland basalts are high in aluminum. glacis A gently sloping bank; an old term for the outer breccia A rock composed of a matrix oflarger, angular slope of a crater's walls. stony fragments and a finer, binding component. graben A sunken area between faults. caldera A type of volcanic crater formed primarily by a highlands The Moon's lighter-colored regions, which sinking of its floor rather than by the ejection of lava. are higher than their surroundings and thus not central peak A mountainous landform at or near the covered by dark lavas. Most highland features are the center of certain lunar craters, possibly formed by an rims or central peaks of impact sites. -
Jjmonl 1407-8.Pmd
alactic Observer GJohn J. McCarthy Observatory Volume 7, No. 7/8 July/August 2014 Sorry! . Out of Gas The boomerang nebula, about 5000 light years away in the constellation Centaurus, is the last breath of a red giant star which has spent its energy and belched its outer layers into the cosmos. As these gases and stellar dust dissipate, they cool, leaving behind a frigid region (minus 272C - one degree warmer than absolute zero) and the coldest-known spot in the universe. Why "boomerang"? - find out at http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic0301a/. Source: European Space Agency, NASA The John J. McCarthy Observatory Galactic Observer New Milford High School Editorial Committee 388 Danbury Road Managing Editor New Milford, CT 06776 Bill Cloutier Phone/Voice: (860) 210-4117 Production & Design Phone/Fax: (860) 354-1595 www.mccarthyobservatory.org Allan Ostergren Website Development JJMO Staff Marc Polansky It is through their efforts that the McCarthy Observatory Technical Support has established itself as a significant educational and Bob Lambert recreational resource within the western Connecticut Dr. Parker Moreland community. Steve Allison Jim Johnstone Steve Barone Carly KleinStern Colin Campbell Bob Lambert Dennis Cartolano Roger Moore Route Mike Chiarella Parker Moreland, PhD Jeff Chodak Allan Ostergren Bill Cloutier Marc Polansky Cecilia Detrich Joe Privitera Dirk Feather Monty Robson Randy Fender Don Ross Randy Finden Gene Schilling John Gebauer Katie Shusdock Elaine Green Jon Wallace Tina Hartzell Paul Woodell Tom Heydenburg Amy Ziffer In This Issue "OUT THE WINDOW ON YOUR LEFT" ............................... 4 COVER PHOTO AND OTHER CREDITS ................................ 16 MONS HADLEY AND THE APENNINES .................................. 5 SECOND SATURDAY STARS ............................................. -
Lunar Program Observing List Lunar Observing Program Coordinator: Nina Chevalier 1662 Sand Branch Rd
Lunar Program Observing List Lunar Observing Program Coordinator: Nina Chevalier 1662 Sand Branch Rd. Bigfoot, Texas 78005 210-218-6288 [email protected] The List The 100 features to be observed for the Lunar Program are listed below. At the top of each section is a space to list the instruments used in the program. After that are five columns: CHK, Object, Feature, Date and Time. The "CHK" column should be used to check off the feature as you observe it. The "Object" column lists the features in Naked Eye, Binocular, and Telescopic order, and tells you what you are observing and when the best time is to observe it. The "Feature" column lists the 100 features to be observed. Finally, the "Date" and "Time" columns allow you to log when you observed the objects. In the last section, we have listed the 10 optional activities, and broken them down as to naked eye, binocular, and telescopic. Also on page 4, we have included four illustrations to help with observing four of the naked eye features. We certainly hope that you find the Lunar Program useful in helping you become more familiar with earth's nearest neighbor. If after completing this program you would like to do more work in this area, you may contact The Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers. Julius L. Benton Jr. ALPO Lunar Recorder % Associates in Astronomy 305 Surrey Road Savannah, Ga. 31410 (912) 897-0951 E-mail: [email protected]. Until then, good luck, clear skies, and good observing. Lunar Program Checklist Naked Eye Objects Instruments Used ____________________________ -
Lunar Club Observations
Guys & Gals, Here, belatedly, is my Christmas present to you. I couldn’t buy each of you a lunar map, so I did the next best thing. Below this letter you’ll find a guide for observing each of the 100 lunar features on the A. L.’s Lunar Club observing list. My guide tells you what the features are, where they are located, what instrument (naked eyes, binoculars or telescope) will give you the best view of them and what you can expect to see when you find them. It may or may not look like it, but this project involved a massive amount of work. In preparing it, I relied heavily on three resources: *The lunar map I used to determine which quadrant of the Moon each feature resides in is the laminated Sky & Telescope Lunar Map – specifically, the one that shows the Moon as we see it naked-eye or in binoculars. (S&T also sells one with the features reversed to match the view in a refracting telescope for the same price.); and *The text consists of information from (a) my own observing notes and (b) material in Ernest Cherrington’s Exploring the Moon Through Binoculars and Small Telescopes. Both the map and Cherrington’s book were door prizes at our Dec. Christmas party. My goal, of course, is to get you interested in learning more about our nearest neighbor in space. The Moon is a fascinating and lovely place, and one that all too often is overlooked by amateur astronomers. But of all the objects in the night sky, the Moon is the most accessible and easiest to observe. -
January 2018
The StarGazer http://www.raclub.org/ Newsletter of the Rappahannock Astronomy Club No. 3, Vol. 6 November 2017–January 2018 Field Trip to Randolph-Macon College Keeble Observatory By Jerry Hubbell and Linda Billard On December 2, Matt Scott, Jean Benson, Bart and Linda Billard, Jerry Hubbell, and Peter Orlowski joined Scott Lansdale to tour the new Keeble Observatory at his alma mater, Randolph-Macon College in Ashland, VA. The Observatory is a cornerstone instrument in the College's academic minor program in astrophysics and is also used for student and faculty research projects. At the kind invitation of Physics Professor George Spagna— Scott’s advisor during his college days and now the director of the new facility—we received a private group tour. We stayed until after dark to see some of its capabilities. Keeble Observatory at Randolph-Macon College Credit: Jerry Hubbell The observatory, constructed in summer 2017, is connected to the northeast corner of the Copley Science Center on campus. It houses a state-of-the-art $30,000 Astro Systeme Austria (ASA) Ritchey-Chretien telescope with a 16-inch (40-cm) primary mirror. Instrumentation will eventually include CCD cameras for astrophotography and scientific imaging, and automation for the 12-foot (3.6-m) dome. The mount is a $50,000 ASA DDM 160 Direct Drive system placed on an interesting offset pier system that allows the mount to track well past the meridian without having to do the pier-flip that standard German equatorial mounts (GEMs) perform when approaching the meridian. All told, the fully outfitted observatory will be equipped with about $100,000 of instrumentation and equipment. -
AL Lunar 100
AL Lunar 100 The AL Lunar 100 introduces amateur astronomers to that object in the sky that most of us take for granted, and which deep sky observers have come to loathe. But even though deep sky observers search for dark skies (when the moon is down), this list gives them something to do when the moon is up. In other words, it gives us something to observe the rest of the month, and we all know that the sky is always clear when the moon is up. The AL Lunar 100 also allows amateurs in heavily light polluted areas to participate in an observing program of their own. This list is well suited for the young, inexperienced observer as well as the older observer just getting into our hobby since no special observing skills are required. It is well balanced because it develops naked eye, binocular, and telescopic observing skills. The AL Lunar 100 consists of 100 features on the moon. These 100 features are broken down into three groups: 18 naked eye, 46 binocular, and 36 telescopic features. Any pair of binoculars and any telescope may be used for this list. This list does not require expensive equipment. Also, if you have problems with observing the features at one level, you may go up to the next higher level. In other words, if you have trouble with any of the naked eye objects, you may jump up to binoculars. If you have trouble with any of the binocular objects, then you may move up to a telescope. Before moving up to the next higher level, please try to get as many objects as you can with the instrument required at that level. -
1 the Terminal
2-29 Two eervice propulsion system firings were required for rendezvous. The first firing, a corrective combination maneuver, was necessary to achieve the proper phase and altitude offset so that the second firing would result in an orbit coelliptic with that of the S-IW. The two firings achieved the desired conditions for rendezvous terminal phase initiation. The terminal phase initiation maneuver was performed with an onbaard computer solution based on optical track- t ing of the s-IVB stage with the sextant. A small midcourse correction was then made, followed by braking and final closure to within 70 feet of the S-IVB. Stationkeeping was performed for approximately 20 minutes, after which a 2-foot-per-second service module reaction control system posigrade maneuver removed the spacecraft from the vicinity of the S-Iw stage. The aext 24-hour period was devoted to a sextant calibration test, a rendezvous navigation test, an attitude con- 1 trol test, and a primsry evaporator test. Tbe crew used the sextant to track the S-IVB visually to distances of as uuch as 320 miles. The service propulsion system was fired six additional times during the mission. The third firing was a 9.1-second maneuver controlled by the stabilization and control system. The maneu- ver was performed to increase the backup deorblt capability of the service module reaction con- trol system. The fourth firing was performed to evaluate the minimum-Impulse capability of the service propulsion engine. The fifth firing was performed to position the spacecraft for an op- tinum deorbit maneuver at the end of the planned orbital phase. -
Physics of the Moon
NASA TECHNICAL NOTE -cNASA TN D-2944 e. / PHYSICS OF THE MOON SELECTED TOPICS CONCERNING LUNAR EXPLORATION Edited by George C. ‘Bucker and Henry E. Siern George C. Marsball Space Flight Center Hzmtsville, A Za: NATIONAL AERONAUTICSAND SPACEADMINISTRATION - WASHINGTON;D. C. TECH LIBRARY KAFB. NM llL5475b NASA TN D-2944 PHYSICS OF THE MOON SELECTED TOPICS CONCERNING LUNAR EXPLORATION Edited by George C. Bucher and Henry E. Stern George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville, Ala. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION For sole by the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical information Springfield, Virginia 22151 - Price 56.00 I - TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUMMA=. 1 INTRODUCTION. i SECTION I. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOON. i . 3 Chapter 1. The Moon’s .History, by Ernst Stuhlinger. 5 Chapter 2. Physical Characteristics of the Lunar Surface, by John Bensko . 39 Chapter 3. The’ Lunar Atmosphere, by Spencer G. Frary . , 55 Chapter 4. Energetic Radiation Environment of the Moon, by Martin 0. Burrell . 65 Chapter 5. The Lunar Thermal Environment , . 9i The Thermal Model of the Moon, by Gerhard B. Heller . 91 p Thermal Properties of the Moon as a Conductor of Heat,byBillyP. Jones.. 121 Infrared Methods of Measuring the Moon’s Temperature, by Charles D. Cochran. 135 SECTION II. EXPLORATION OF THE MOON . .I59 Chapter I. A Lunar Scientific Mission, by Daniel Payne Hale. 161 Chapter 2. Some Suggested Landing Sites for Exploration of the Moon, by Daniel Payne Hale. 177 Chapter 3. Environmental Control for Early Lunar Missions, by ‘Herman P. Gierow and James A. Downey, III . , . .2i I Chapter 4. -
OAWS 20 the Moon.Pdf
Paul Comision (1929-2018) Lunar Nights: An Amateur Astronomer’s 50-year Journey to the Moon Image © 2018 Man in the Moon Presented by Brian McCullough Ottawa Centre Royal Astronomical Society of Canada NBC News NASA Apollo 8 December 1968 NASA “Early” Views of the Moon Galileo Galilei — Chesley Bonestell The first space artist! Pointy shadows, but no jagged mountain peaks NASA photos above and right How the Moon was created 4.5 billion years ago Paintings copyright William K. Hartmann Bright anorthositic highlands Dark basaltic mare Image courtesy Lee Macdonald Courtesy NASA https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_structure_of_the_Moon NASA NASA Clementine Mission 1994 Basic Moon Specs One-quarter the size of the Earth (diameter = 3,475 km) One-sixth the mass of the Earth (3.3 t/m3 vs. 5.52 t/m3) Albedo – reflectivity (12% vs. Earth’s 37%) Orbital period of 29.5 days (phase to phase) Chart courtesy John Walker / Photo courtesy NASA Image by Sr. Fins Eirexas Courtesy Brian Stokoe, RASC Ottawa http://sob.nao-rozhen.org/content/super-moon-march-19-2011 https://cafe-babylon.net Earth’s shadow in space Lunar eclipse images by Lee Macdonald Phases of the Moon Image by Paul Klauninger Now it’s your turn! When in Rome…. Lee Macdonald http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~durda/Apollo/landing_sites.html Apollo 15 Apollo 17 NASA Apollo 15 Hadley Rille Earth-based Images Lunar Orbiter Images NASA /as17-145-22224 Lunar Challenge(s) Rolf Meier Northern Gateway The Southern Line Rolf Meier Vallis Alpes Aristoteles Egede Montes Alpes Eudoxus Cassini MARE IMBRIUM Calippus Theaetetus Aristillus Montes Caucusus Autolycus Archimedes Prom. -
July 2021 the Warren Astronomical Society Publication
Celebrating Sixty Years of the Warren Astronomical Society The W.A.S.P. Vol. 53, no. 7 Winner of the Astronomical League’s 2021 Mabel Sterns Award July 2021 The Warren Astronomical Society Publication 50 years Apollo 15 Mission Launched July 26, 1971- Returned August 7 The WASP Snack Volunteer Schedule Published by Warren Astronomical Society, Inc. The Snack Volunteer program is suspend- P.O. Box 1505 ed for the duration. When it resumes, vol- Warren, Michigan 48090-1505 unteers already on the list will be notified Dale Thieme, Editor by email. 2021 Officers President Diane Hall [email protected] 1st VP Dale Partin [email protected] 2ndVP Riyad Matti [email protected] Secretary Mark Kedzior [email protected] Treasurer Adrian Bradley [email protected] Outreach Bob Trembley [email protected] Publications Dale Thieme [email protected] Entire Board [email protected] The Warren Astronomical Society, Inc., is a local, non-profit organization of Discussion Group Meeting amateur astronomers. The Society holds meetings on the first Monday and third Thursday of each month, starting at 7:30 p.m. Come on over, and talk astronomy, space news, and whatnot! First Monday meeting: Third Thursday meeting: Cranbrook: Institute of Science Macomb Community College 1221 North Woodward Ave South campus, Bldg. J, Room J221 Bloomfield Hills, Michigan 14600 Twelve Mile Rd. Warren, Michigan Membership and Annual Dues Student Individual Senior Citizen for families In This Issue: $17.00 $30.00 $22.00 add $7.00 President’s Field of View ............................... 3 Astronomical League (optional) $7.50 Send membership applications and dues to the treasurer: Letters .........................................................